CN108984389A - A kind of applied program testing method and terminal device - Google Patents
A kind of applied program testing method and terminal device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108984389A CN108984389A CN201810554464.5A CN201810554464A CN108984389A CN 108984389 A CN108984389 A CN 108984389A CN 201810554464 A CN201810554464 A CN 201810554464A CN 108984389 A CN108984389 A CN 108984389A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- test
- tested
- control
- equipment
- interface control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
- G06F11/3672—Test management
- G06F11/3688—Test management for test execution, e.g. scheduling of test suites
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
- Test And Diagnosis Of Digital Computers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of applied program testing method and terminal devices, are suitable for technical field of data processing, this method comprises: obtaining each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of test case, and interface control and the calling sequence called；In the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, control home banking corresponding with OS Type is filtered out, the control identification name of each interface control is found out；During successively running each test node, calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting test node and is successively called, to complete the corresponding test process of test case.In the embodiment of the present invention, even if being different operating system, corresponding interface control to be tested can also be determined according to aforesaid operations and is tested accordingly, to realize the compatibility test for carrying out same application domain function to the terminal device of different operating system using a test case.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of data processing more particularly to applied program testing methods and terminal device.
Background technique
Research staff needs the behaviour according to installing terminal equipment when the interface control to application program is named storage
Make practical research and development requirement/naming rule of system to be named to the interface control of application program, to obtain each interface control
The control identification name of part, such as some application program in IOS system, the control identification name for logging in control be can be set to
" Login control ", i.e., for the application program of IOS system, corresponding " Login control " is exactly to log in control, subsequent
In the login control for needing to call the application program in IOS system, it is only necessary to find out control and identify entitled " Login control "
Interface control.
One complete Application testing includes one or more test nodes, if the registration of application program is tested,
It may include register node and log in node, and when writing test case, it needs to each test node institute in test
Interface control and the calling sequence that need to be called are configured, so that can accurately be each test in implementation of test cases
Node successively calls corresponding interface control, completes the operation of the test node, such as needs calling to log in control to when logging in node
Part is completed to log in the operation of node, and the interface control for just needing to set calling needed for logging in node at this time in test case is
Log in control.In the prior art, in order to guarantee each test node to the correct calling of interface control, meeting is in test case
The control identification name of interface control in an operating system needed for directly writing test node, so that being surveyed in application program
When examination, the corresponding interface control of control identification name is directly read.
Since practical research and development requirement/naming rule of different operating system is different, so that same application
Control identification name of the interface control in different operating system is different, and the control identification name for such as logging in control both can be
" Login control " may be " logging in control ".It and is all using automated test tool, for application program in the prior art
The operating system of locating terminal device writes corresponding test case, i.e., the prior art be all directly according to operating system,
To be arranged for each test node corresponding control identification name to be called and corresponding calling sequence, it is different to being equipped with when needing
When the terminal device of operating system carries out identical Application testing, due to the control of different operating system median surface controls
Identification name is different, therefore corresponding different test cases can only be write respectively for each terminal device, to guarantee to this
The proper testing of function of application in terminal device.Therefore, the prior art cannot achieve using a test case to difference
The terminal device of operating system carries out the compatibility test of same application domain function.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of applied program testing method and terminal device, it is existing to solve
It cannot achieve in technology and carry out same application domain function using terminal device of the test case to different operating system
The problem of compatibility test.
The first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of applied program testing method, comprising:
Test case is parsed, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running is suitable
Sequence；
In the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, filter out with it is described to
The corresponding control home banking of the OS Type of test equipment；
The control identification name of each interface control is found out in the control home banking filtered out；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, each test node is successively being run
In the process, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node successively to call, used with completing the test
The corresponding test process of example.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of applied program testing method, comprising:
Test case is parsed, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running is suitable
Sequence；
From with the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested, filter out and online N number of equipment to be tested
The corresponding N number of control home banking of OS Type, be mounted in N number of equipment to be tested described to be measured
Try application program, wherein N is the positive integer greater than 1；
Based on the N number of control home banking filtered out, interface control described in each equipment to be tested is inquired
Control identification name；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, successively run in each equipment to be tested
During each test node, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively adjusted
With to complete the corresponding test process of test case described in each equipment to be tested.
The third aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Application testing terminal device, the Application testing
Terminal device includes memory, processor, and the computer program that can be run on the processor is stored on the memory,
The processor realizes such as lower node when executing the computer program.
Test case is parsed, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running is suitable
Sequence；
In the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, filter out with it is described to
The corresponding control home banking of the OS Type of test equipment；
The control identification name of each interface control is found out in the control home banking filtered out；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, each test node is successively being run
In the process, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node successively to call, used with completing the test
The corresponding test process of example.
The fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of Application testing terminal device, the Application testing
Terminal device includes memory, processor, and the computer program that can be run on the processor is stored on the memory,
The processor realizes such as lower node when executing the computer program.
Test case is parsed, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running is suitable
Sequence；
From with the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested, filter out and online N number of equipment to be tested
The corresponding N number of control home banking of OS Type, be mounted in N number of equipment to be tested described to be measured
Try application program, wherein N is the positive integer greater than 1；
Based on the N number of control home banking filtered out, interface control described in each equipment to be tested is inquired
Control identification name；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, successively run in each equipment to be tested
During each test node, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively adjusted
With to complete the corresponding test process of test case described in each equipment to be tested.
5th aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of computer readable storage medium, comprising: is stored with computer
Program, which is characterized in that the computer program realizes applied program testing method as described above when being executed by processor
Node.
Existing beneficial effect is the embodiment of the present invention compared with prior art: by carrying out operating system to terminal device
Identification, and corresponding control home banking is found out according to the difference of operating system, to determine and to be called in test case
The control identification name of interface control, then query calls are carried out to the interface control named based on control identification name, to make
The interface control for obtaining calling needed for the embodiment of the present invention only needs to be arranged in test case, without it is arranged in different operation
Specific control identification name in system.Therefore, it even if being different operating system, can also be determined according to aforesaid operations pair
The interface control to be tested answered, and tested accordingly, to realize using a test case to different operating system
Terminal device carry out same application domain function compatibility test.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to embodiment or description of the prior art
Needed in attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only of the invention some
Embodiment for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can also be according to these
Attached drawing obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the implementation process schematic diagram for the applied program testing method that the embodiment of the present invention one provides；
Fig. 2 is the implementation process schematic diagram of applied program testing method provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the implementation process schematic diagram for the applied program testing method that the embodiment of the present invention three provides；
Fig. 4 is the implementation process schematic diagram for the applied program testing method that the embodiment of the present invention four provides；
Fig. 5 is the implementation process schematic diagram for the applied program testing method that the embodiment of the present invention five provides；
Fig. 6 is the implementation process schematic diagram for the applied program testing method that the embodiment of the present invention six provides；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram for the Application testing device that the embodiment of the present invention seven provides；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for the Application testing terminal device that the embodiment of the present invention eight provides.
Specific embodiment
In being described below, for illustration and not for limitation, the tool of such as particular system structure, technology etc is proposed
Body details, to understand thoroughly the embodiment of the present invention.However, it will be clear to one skilled in the art that there is no these specific
The present invention also may be implemented in the other embodiments of details.In other situations, it omits to well-known system, device, electricity
The detailed description of road and method, in case unnecessary details interferes description of the invention.
In order to illustrate technical solutions according to the invention, the following is a description of specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows the implementation flow chart of the applied program testing method of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one, and details are as follows:
S101 parses test case, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running.
Since the test to application program one or more functions, the realization of each function may be included in test case
One or more operating procedures are needed, and when these functions to application program are tested, correspond to each operating procedure,
It requires to include that corresponding test node is tested in test process, therefore, each test process corresponds to function reality
Existing required one or more test nodes.For example, comprising registration and logging in two steps in the registering functional of some application programs
Suddenly, therefore when testing registering functional, test process includes at least corresponding register node and logs in node two surveys
Try node.Meanwhile in order to complete the test to each operating procedure, in test node, require to be walked according to actual operation
It is rapid successively to call corresponding interface control, when such as logging in node, need successively recalls information input control, log in control and
Confirmation Controls.Therefore, in order to guarantee the normal validity test to application program, in the embodiment of the present invention, technical staff's root is needed
According to the function of the application program of actually required test, required calling in corresponding test node and each node is set
The interface control of application program, and the sequence called.
Wherein, ground should be illustrated, in order to guarantee that test case surveys the compatible of terminal device of different operating system
It tries, in the test case of the embodiment of the present invention, is directly recorded in a manner of control identification name not as in the prior art every
The interface control called needed for a test node, but directly the interface control of calling needed for each test node is remembered
Record, so that can be controlled according to the interface of record when the subsequent terminal device for different operating system type is tested
Part carries out the calling of the interface control of corresponding control identification name, is surveyed with realizing to the compatible of the terminal device of different operating system
Examination.
Example is described as follows: logging in control assuming that logging in node and needing to call, the control mark of control is logged in IOS system
Know entitled " Login control ", the control in Android system identifies entitled " LOGIN control ", and the prior art is to test case
In when logging in node and writing corresponding interface control, IOS system will record are as follows: call " Login control ", for Android system
System will record are as follows: it calls " LOGIN control ", it is corresponding to that can be called directly according to the control identification name of record when guaranteeing test
Interface control guarantees the normal operation of test.And in embodiments of the present invention, it only will record in test case are as follows: calling is stepped on
Land control, so that subsequent step can determine corresponding control identification name according to the OS Type of terminal device, with
Carry out the calling and test of subsequent interface control.
S102, in the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, filter out with
The corresponding control home banking of the OS Type of equipment to be tested.
S103 finds out the control identification name of each interface control in the control home banking filtered out.
Due to control identification name of the interface control in the different operating system difference of application program, be
Guarantee in every kind of different operating system to the accurate calling of interface control, can be for every kind of behaviour in the embodiment of the present invention
Make system and one corresponding control home banking is set, to record the control mark of each interface control of application program in the operating system
Know name, such as assumes that the control for logging in control for IOS system identifies entitled " Login control ", at this point, meeting of the embodiment of the present invention
In the control home banking of IOS system, the control mark entitled " Login control " for logging in control is recorded.Obtaining every kind of behaviour
After making the corresponding control home banking of system, multiple control marks associated with application program to be tested can be obtained
Library.Wherein, OS Type includes but is not limited to IOS system and Android system etc..
Due in the corresponding control home banking of each operating system, the recorded each interface control of application program of having got well
Control identification name, therefore after the corresponding control home banking of operating system for determining terminal device, it is only necessary to direct basis
Control home banking searches the control identification name of interface control, as in above-mentioned example, when determining that IOS system is corresponding
After control home banking, such as determines to need to call to log in control, only be needed in the corresponding control home banking of IOS system at this time,
It finds out and logs in the corresponding control identification name of control " Login control ".
S104, based on the control identification name of each interface control found out, in the mistake for successively running each test node
Cheng Zhong is based on calling sequence to the interface control for constituting test node and successively calls, and to complete, test case is corresponding to be tested
Journey.
Wherein, since in an operating system, the name of each interface control is pre-set, therefore determining
After the control identification name for the interface control that need to be called, it can be realized according to control identification name to actually required interface control
Call, such as assume logged in IOS system control control identify entitled " Login control ", i.e., explanation in IOS system to
In the application program of test, the interface control of entitled " Login control " is to log in control, if desired calls log in control at this time
Part, it is only necessary to find out the interface control of entitled " Login control ".
Each interface control is being determined in the operating system of terminal device after corresponding control identification name, is being started pair
Application program to be tested in terminal device is tested.At this time, it is only necessary to successively according to the test process in test case
It is tested, if desired calls interface control, it is only necessary to be called according to the control identification name determined.
It is illustrated with an example, such as when the registering functional for needing test application program, it is assumed that registering functional includes registration
Node and log in two test nodes of node, wherein log in node need successively recalls information input control, log in control with
And Confirmation Controls, while assuming in the control home banking of the corresponding application program of IOS system, information input control logs in control
The control identification name of part and Confirmation Controls be respectively " Information input control ", " Login control " and
" Validate control ", and the operating system of terminal device is IOS system.
It when carrying out the test of application program registering functional, successively carries out register node and logs in the test of node, judgement is
It is no normal, and when carrying out logging in node, it is necessary first to according to the control home banking of IOS system, the letter of calling needed for determining
Breath input control, the control identification name for logging in control and Confirmation Controls be respectively " Information input control ",
" Login control " and " Validate control ", then from the interface control of application program, successively find out entitled
The interface control of " Information input control ", " Login control " and " Validate control " is called, thus
The test of node is completed to register node and logs in, to complete the test to application program registration function.
In embodiments of the present invention, by carrying out the identification of operating system to terminal device, and not according to operating system
With corresponding control home banking is found out, to determine and to the control identification name of interface control to be called in test case, then base
Query calls are carried out to the interface control named in control identification name, so that the embodiment of the present invention is in test case
The interface control called needed for being arranged is only needed, without its specific control identification name in different operating system is arranged.Cause
This can also determine corresponding interface control to be tested, and carry out even if being different operating system according to aforesaid operations
Corresponding test carries out same application domain using terminal device of the test case to different operating system to realize
The compatibility test of function.
As the embodiment of the present invention two, as shown in Fig. 2, when being parsed to test case, comprising:
S1011 identifies that the Format Type of test case, Format Type include Excel format, YAML format and script lattice
Formula.
S1012 parses test case based on the corresponding analytical tool of preset Format Type, determines to constitute and survey
Each test node of the corresponding test process of example on probation, and obtain the boundary that each test node is called in the process of running
Face control and the corresponding calling sequence of each interface control.
Since habit, the level of being responsible for writing the user of test case in practical application etc. is different, and different-format
Test case writing difficulty and the speed of service between there is also differences, such as writing difficulty YAML format > Excel format > foot
This format, and general writing difficulty is bigger, the speed of service is higher, and testing efficiency is also higher, therefore in order to meet different user
Actual demand, the embodiment of the present invention, which is increased, supports function to the synchronous of the test case of various different-formats, and user only needs root
It is write according to the test case that the demand of oneself chooses corresponding format.Wherein, due to the test script to different-format
Parsing belong to the prior art, therefore, carry out analytical tool it is default when, it is only necessary to choose some corresponding existing parsing works
Tool, it will not go into details herein limits.
As the embodiment of the present invention three, as shown in Figure 3, it is contemplated that in actual conditions, often have to writing for test case
There is higher technical threshold, ordinary user may be difficult to achieve, therefore in order to reduce the difficulty write to user's test case, make
The test of application program can be carried out according to oneself actual demand by obtaining different user, in the embodiment of the present invention, be used in parsing test
Before example, further includes:
S301 obtains test case record command, and determines the interface control that application program to be tested includes.
In embodiments of the present invention, test case record command starts the recording of script for triggering mobile terminal, records
Halt instruction processed stops referring to for terminating recording of the mobile terminal to test case by test case record command and recording
It enables, may be implemented to record test case control always, to generate corresponding required test case.Wherein, test case is recorded
System instruction and recording halt instruction, can be both manually entered by user, be also possible to raw by other preset trigger conditions
At such as setting timing mechanism is periodically automatically generated test case record command and records halt instruction and used with complete pairwise testing
The recording of example.
Mobile terminal starts to carry out the mode of test case recording, is can determine whether out first included in application program at this time
All interface controls, such as when using Uiautomator as testing tool, can according to text, hint of element,
The attributes such as contentDescription find the interface control that application program includes using findObject () method.
S302 records application program to be tested in the operational order response process inputted to user, and interface control is corresponding
Response data.
Wherein, interface control corresponds to response data and refers to the number generated when interface control responds user's operation behavior
According to and corresponding user's operation behavior time, as user video play-back application has carried out 1.5 times in video playing
Forwarding operation, fast forward button control, which can respond, at this time executes 1.5 times of forwarding operation, at this time the corresponding sound of fast forward button control
Time when to answer data be exactly 1.5 times of F.F. multiplying power and user's forwarding operation.
When operating to application program, interface control can respond the operation behavior of user user, thus real
Response of each function of existing application program to user's operation, if as in video playing application program user click when recording
Play/pause button, corresponding play/pause button control execute broadcasting/pause function task, therefore, control at this time to interface
The response data of part is recorded, that is, may know that when application program is all performing what in the operating process of user
Function, so as to the subsequent accurate playback to user's operation.
S303 is obtained and is recorded halt instruction, and the corresponding response data of interface control based on record is analyzed, and is generated
Test case.
After user completes to the operation behavior of application program, corresponding recording halt instruction is inputted in testing tool,
Or when by meeting trigger condition, recording halt instruction is automatically generated, the recording to user's operation behavior can be stopped, and can incite somebody to action
The response data for recording obtained interface control is handled, and corresponding test case is obtained, for subsequent applications program test
Based on.After completing during being recorded such as user to broadcasting/pause/F.F./stopping feature operation of video playing application program,
After having obtained the response data of corresponding interface control, test case is generated according to these response datas, it is corresponding to record user
With the operation of program.
As the embodiment of the present invention four, as shown in figure 4, needing solving for the subsequent accurate selection to control home banking
Before analysing test case, identifies the operating system of equipment to be tested, specifically includes:
S401 establishes the communication with equipment to be tested, and is based on adb tool and instruments tool, obtains respectively
The physical address of equipment to be tested.
S402 determines the OS Type of equipment to be tested for Android if adb tool successfully gets physical address
System.
S403 determines the operating system class of equipment to be tested if instruments tool successfully gets physical address
Type is IOS system.
After connecting terminal device, in order to identify the OS Type of terminal device, meeting of the embodiment of the present invention
Attempt the physical address of acquisition terminal device respectively using adb tool and instruments tool, only due to adb tool
It can be normally carried out communication with Android system and realize the acquisition of physical address, therefore work as adb tool and successfully get physical address,
The terminal device for then illustrating survey connection is the equipment of Android system.Conversely, if instruments tool successfully gets physics
Address then illustrates that the terminal device of survey connection is the equipment of IOS system.Wherein, due to adb tool and instruments work
Tool, is existing testing tool, accordingly, with respect to the related description of two tools, it will not go into details herein, and interested reader can
Voluntarily consult related data.
As the embodiment of the present invention five, as shown in Figure 5, it is contemplated that the test contingency of separate unit terminal device is larger, in time
Obtained test it is abnormal as a result, the problem of being also centainly exactly application program itself to be tested, it is also possible to be to be tested
The influence of terminal device or other environmental factors, therefore, in order to promote the validity to test, the test result guaranteed
Accurate and effective, in the embodiment of the present invention, after completing the corresponding test process of test case, further includes:
S501, the test data obtained to test are analyzed, and judge whether the test result of application program to be tested deposits
In exception.
Wherein, there are abnormal specific standards including but not limited to such as, to be obtained to test by technical staff's sets itself
Test data in each parameter, all preset a normal data range, and after the completion of test, test obtained
Each parameter in test data is verified respectively, judges whether to be not in normal data range, then sentence if it exists
Surely knot test result is the presence of exception.
S502, if the test result that judging result is application program to be tested has exception, from online equipment to be tested
Multiple equipment to be tested identical with the operating system version of equipment to be tested are filtered out in group.
S503 is based on test case, tests multiple equipment to be tested.
Since operating system version is identical, illustrates that the software environment of application program operation is identical, be all such as Android 7.0
Therefore, caused by the accidentalia in order to exclude separate unit terminal device the terminal device of version tests abnormal, the embodiment of the present invention
Identical test can be carried out again, to verify final test result such as to the identical terminal device of all operating system versions
What, provides safeguard for the accurate and effective of Application testing.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after completing to the test of application program, further includes: set according to user
Fixed index to be tested, analyzes obtained test data, obtains the corresponding index test result of each index to be tested.
Since the demand that different user tests has differences, as some be intended to look at application program some function whether
Normally, some are intended to look at application program in the process of running, to the performance occupancy situation of terminal device how.Therefore, in order to
Meet the actual demand of user, in the embodiment of the present invention, user can be with the index of test analysis needed for self-setting, as function is steady
The indexs such as qualitative, memory occupation rate and power consumption rate.After completing to the test of application program, the embodiment of the present invention can basis
Obtained test data analyzes the index of analysis needed for user setting, to obtain corresponding index test as a result, such as answering
With in program operation process to the occupation rate of memory, at this time can be in test process, application program is to terminal device memory
Occupation rate is recorded, and is arranged and generated memory occupation rate performance curve etc..
Fig. 6 shows the implementation flow chart of the applied program testing method of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention six, due to the present invention
What is be directed in embodiment one is all the test of separate unit terminal device, realize no matter separate unit installing terminal equipment be which kind of operation
System can be achieved to want to test to the compatibility of its function of application, but consider in actual conditions, in order to improve to terminal
The efficiency of equipment test, often batch carries out terminal device, therefore, at this time in order to meet disposably to more operating systems
May different terminal device compatibility test, the embodiment of the present invention propose one kind can to more terminal devices simultaneously into
The technical solution of row test, details are as follows:
S601 parses test case, obtains each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of test case, and obtain
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control for taking each test node to be called in the process of running.
S602 is filtered out and online N number of to be tested from the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested
The corresponding N number of control home banking of the OS Type of equipment is mounted in N number of equipment to be tested to be tested using journey
Sequence, wherein N is the positive integer greater than 1.
S603 inquires the control mark of each equipment median surface to be tested control based on the N number of control home banking filtered out
Know name.
S604 is successively run respectively based on the control identification name of each interface control found out in each equipment to be tested
During a test node, to constitute test node interface control be based on calling sequence successively call, with complete each to
The corresponding test process of test case in test equipment.
In embodiments of the present invention, identical with the embodiment of the present invention one for the test method of each terminal equipment, because
This, it will not go into details herein, the difference is that, the embodiment of the present invention six can be simultaneously to every online end with the embodiment of the present invention
End equipment is based respectively on operating system and carries out the screening of control home banking and the lookup of control identification name, and can be according to lookup
As a result, carrying out the calling test of the interface control of test node, respectively to each terminal equipment respectively to complete simultaneously to more
The compatibility test of the possible different terminal device of operating system, greatly meets the actual demand of user.
Should explanatorily, on the basis of the embodiment of the present invention six, the embodiments of the present invention two to the present invention
Example IV may be equally applicable for the test of the possible different terminal device of more operating systems, can specifically join
The related description of the embodiments of the present invention is examined, it will not go into details herein.
Corresponding to the method for foregoing embodiments, Fig. 7 shows Application testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Structural block diagram, for ease of description, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown.The exemplary Application testing of Fig. 7
Device can be the executing subject of the applied program testing method of the offer of previous embodiment one.
Referring to Fig. 7, which includes:
Use-case parsing module 71 obtains for parsing test case and constitutes the corresponding test process of the test case
Each test node, and obtain interface control and each boundary that each test node is called in the process of running
The corresponding calling sequence of face control.
Home banking screening module 72, for the associated multiple control marks of the application program to be tested from equipment to be tested
Know in library, filters out the control home banking corresponding with the OS Type of the equipment to be tested.
Identification name enquiry module 73, for finding out each interface control in the control home banking filtered out
Control identification name.
Test module 74, it is each in successively operation for based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control
During a test node, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively called,
To complete the corresponding test process of the test case.
Further, use-case parsing module 71, comprising:
Format recognizer module, the Format Type of the test case, the Format Type include Excel lattice for identification
Formula, YAML format and script format.
Format use-case parsing module uses the test for being based on the corresponding analytical tool of the preset Format Type
Example is parsed, and determines each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case, and is obtained every
The corresponding calling of the interface control and each interface control that a test node is called in the process of running is suitable
Sequence.
Further, the Application testing device, further includes:
Test case record command is obtained, and determines the interface control that the application program to be tested includes.
The application program to be tested is recorded in the operational order response process inputted to user, the interface control pair
The response data answered.
It obtains and records halt instruction, and the corresponding response data of the interface control based on record is analyzed, generate
The test case.
Further, the Application testing device, further includes:
The communication with the equipment to be tested is established, and is based on adb tool and instruments tool, is obtained respectively
The physical address of the equipment to be tested.
If the adb tool successfully gets the physical address, the operation system of the equipment to be tested is determined
System type is Android system.
If the instruments tool successfully gets the physical address, the institute of the equipment to be tested is determined
Stating OS Type is IOS system.
Further, the Application testing device, further includes:
The test data obtained to test is analyzed, and judges that the test result of the application program to be tested whether there is
It is abnormal.
If the test result that judging result is the application program to be tested exists abnormal, to be tested set from online
Multiple equipment to be tested identical with the operating system version of the equipment to be tested are filtered out in standby group.
Based on the test case, the multiple equipment to be tested is tested.
Each module realizes the process of respective function in Application testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can specifically join
The description of embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 one is stated before examination, and details are not described herein again.
It should be understood that the size of the serial number of each node is not meant that the order of the execution order in above-described embodiment, each process
Execution sequence should be determined by its function and internal logic, the implementation process without coping with the embodiment of the present invention constitutes any limit
It is fixed.
Although will also be appreciated that term " first ", " second " etc. are used in some embodiment of the present invention in the text
Various elements are described, but these elements should not be limited by these terms.These terms are used only to an element
It is distinguished with another element.For example, the first contact can be named as the second contact, and similarly, the second contact can be by
It is named as the first contact, without departing from the range of various described embodiments.First contact and the second contact are all contacts, but
It is them is not same contact.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for the Application testing terminal device that one embodiment of the invention provides.As shown in figure 8, the reality
The Application testing terminal device 8 for applying example includes: processor 80, memory 81, and being stored in the memory 81 can be in institute
State the computer program 82 run on processor 80.The processor 80 is realized above-mentioned each when executing the computer program 82
Node in applied program testing method embodiment, such as node 101 to 104 shown in FIG. 1.Alternatively, the processor 80 is held
The function of each module/unit in above-mentioned each Installation practice, such as module 71 shown in Fig. 7 are realized when the row computer program 82
To 74 function.
The Application testing terminal device 8 can be desktop PC, notebook, palm PC and cloud service
Device etc. calculates equipment.The Application testing terminal device may include, but be not limited only to, processor 80, memory 81.Ability
Field technique personnel are appreciated that Fig. 8 is only the example of Application testing terminal device 8, do not constitute and survey to application program
The restriction for trying terminal device 8 may include perhaps combining certain components or different than illustrating more or fewer components
Component, such as the Application testing terminal device can also include input sending device, network access equipment, bus etc..
Alleged processor 80 can be central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), can also be
Other general processors, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), specific integrated circuit
(Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (Field-
Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) either other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,
Discrete hardware components etc..General processor can be microprocessor or the processor is also possible to any conventional processor
Deng.
The memory 81 can be the internal storage unit of the Application testing terminal device 8, such as using journey
The hard disk or memory of sequence test terminal device 8.The memory 81 is also possible to the outer of the Application testing terminal device 8
The plug-in type hard disk being equipped in portion's storage equipment, such as the Application testing terminal device 8, intelligent memory card (Smart
Media Card, SMC), secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, flash card (Flash Card) etc..Further,
The memory 81 can also both including the Application testing terminal device 8 internal storage unit and also including external storage
Equipment.The memory 81 is for storing needed for the computer program and the Application testing terminal device other
Program and data.The memory 81, which can be also used for temporarily storing, have been sent or data to be sent.
It, can also be in addition, the functional units in various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit
It is that each unit physically exists alone, can also be integrated in one unit with two or more units.Above-mentioned integrated list
Member both can take the form of hardware realization, can also realize in the form of software functional units.
If the integrated module/unit be realized in the form of SFU software functional unit and as independent product sale or
In use, can store in a computer readable storage medium.Based on this understanding, the present invention realizes above-mentioned implementation
All or part of the process in example method, can also instruct relevant hardware to complete, the meter by computer program
Calculation machine program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, the computer program when being executed by processor, it can be achieved that on
State the node of each embodiment of the method.Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, the computer program generation
Code can be source code form, object identification code form, executable file or certain intermediate forms etc..The computer-readable medium
It may include: any entity or device, recording medium, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic that can carry the computer program code
Dish, CD, computer storage, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random
Access Memory, RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium etc..It should be noted that the meter
The content that calculation machine readable medium includes can carry out increase and decrease appropriate according to the requirement made laws in jurisdiction with patent practice,
It such as does not include electric carrier signal and telecommunications according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable medium in certain jurisdictions
Signal.
Embodiment described above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each
Technical solution documented by embodiment is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified
Or replacement, the essence of corresponding technical solution is departed from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of various embodiments of the present invention, it should all
It is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of applied program testing method characterized by comprising
Test case is parsed, each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case is obtained, and is obtained every
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control that a test node is called in the process of running；
In the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, filter out with it is described to be tested
The corresponding control home banking of the OS Type of equipment；
The control identification name of each interface control is found out in the control home banking filtered out；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, in the process for successively running each test node
In, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively called, to complete the test case pair
The test process answered.
2. applied program testing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the parsing test case is obtained and constituted
Each test node of the corresponding test process of the test case, and obtain each test node in the process of running
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control called, comprising:
Identify that the Format Type of the test case, the Format Type include Excel format, YAML format and script lattice
Formula；
The test case is parsed based on the preset Format Type corresponding analytical tool, is determined described in composition
Each test node of the corresponding test process of test case, and obtain each test node in the process of running
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control called.
3. applied program testing method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that before the parsing test case,
Further include:
Test case record command is obtained, and determines the interface control that the application program to be tested includes；
The application program to be tested is recorded in the operational order response process inputted to user, the interface control is corresponding
Response data；
It obtains and records halt instruction, and the corresponding response data of the interface control based on record is analyzed, described in generation
Test case.
4. applied program testing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described from equipment to be tested to
In the associated multiple control home bankings of test application program, filter out corresponding with the OS Type of the equipment to be tested
Before the control home banking, further includes:
The communication with the equipment to be tested is established, and is based on adb tool and instruments tool, respectively described in acquisition
The physical address of equipment to be tested；
If the adb tool successfully gets the physical address, the operating system class of the equipment to be tested is determined
Type is Android system；
If the instruments tool successfully gets the physical address, the behaviour of the equipment to be tested is determined
Making system type is IOS system.
5. applied program testing method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that corresponding in the completion test case
Test process after, further includes:
The test data obtained to test is analyzed, and judges the test result of the application program to be tested with the presence or absence of different
Often；
If there is exception in the test result that judging result is the application program to be tested, from online equipment group to be tested
In filter out multiple equipment to be tested identical with the operating system version of the equipment to be tested；
Based on the test case, the multiple equipment to be tested is tested.
6. a kind of applied program testing method characterized by comprising
Test case is parsed, each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case is obtained, and is obtained every
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control that a test node is called in the process of running；
From with the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested, the behaviour with online N number of equipment to be tested is filtered out
Make the corresponding N number of control home banking of system type, described to be tested answer is mounted in N number of equipment to be tested
With program, wherein N is the positive integer greater than 1；
Based on the N number of control home banking filtered out, the control of interface control described in each equipment to be tested is inquired
Part identification name；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, successively run in each equipment to be tested each
During the test node, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively called, with
Complete the corresponding test process of test case described in each equipment to be tested.
7. a kind of Application testing terminal device, which is characterized in that the Application testing processing terminal equipment includes depositing
Reservoir, processor, the computer program that can be run on the processor is stored on the memory, and the processor executes
Such as lower node is realized when the computer program:
Test case is parsed, each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case is obtained, and is obtained every
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control that a test node is called in the process of running；
In the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested from equipment to be tested, filter out with it is described to be tested
The corresponding control home banking of the OS Type of equipment；
The control identification name of each interface control is found out in the control home banking filtered out；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, in the process for successively running each test node
In, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively called, to complete the test case pair
The test process answered.
8. Application testing terminal device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that complete the test case pair described
After the test process answered, further includes:
The test data obtained to test is analyzed, and judges the test result of the application program to be tested with the presence or absence of different
Often；
If there is exception in the test result that judging result is the application program to be tested, from online equipment group to be tested
In filter out multiple equipment to be tested identical with the operating system version of the equipment to be tested；
Based on the test case, the multiple equipment to be tested is tested.
9. a kind of Application testing terminal device, which is characterized in that the Application testing processing terminal equipment includes depositing
Reservoir, processor, the computer program that can be run on the processor is stored on the memory, and the processor executes
Such as lower node is realized when the computer program:
Test case is parsed, each test node for constituting the corresponding test process of the test case is obtained, and is obtained every
The corresponding calling sequence of the interface control and each interface control that a test node is called in the process of running；
From with the associated multiple control home bankings of application program to be tested, the behaviour with online N number of equipment to be tested is filtered out
Make the corresponding N number of control home banking of system type, described to be tested answer is mounted in N number of equipment to be tested
With program, wherein N is the positive integer greater than 1；
Based on the N number of control home banking filtered out, the control of interface control described in each equipment to be tested is inquired
Part identification name；
Based on the control identification name for each of finding out the interface control, successively run in each equipment to be tested each
During the test node, the calling sequence is based on to the interface control for constituting the test node and is successively called, with
Complete the corresponding test process of test case described in each equipment to be tested.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium, the computer-readable recording medium storage has computer program, and feature exists
In the node of any one of such as claim 1 to 5 of realization the method when the computer program is executed by processor.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810554464.5A CN108984389B (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2018-06-01 | Application program testing method and terminal equipment |
| PCT/CN2018/097110 WO2019227641A1 (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2018-07-25 | Application testing method, apparatus, terminal device and medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810554464.5A CN108984389B (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2018-06-01 | Application program testing method and terminal equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108984389A true CN108984389A (en) | 2018-12-11 |
| CN108984389B CN108984389B (en) | 2021-04-09 |
Family
ID=64540400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810554464.5A Active CN108984389B (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2018-06-01 | Application program testing method and terminal equipment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108984389B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019227641A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109871326A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-06-11 | 广州云测信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus that script is recorded |
| CN110286958A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Node information acquisition method, device and storage medium |
| CN110413518A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-05 | 深圳证券交易所 | The generation method and generating means and computer readable storage medium of control object library |
| CN110704148A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-17 | 广州虎牙科技有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring device page elements, server and storage medium |
| CN110716869A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-21 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Test case generation method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111694752A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-09-22 | 中移（杭州）信息技术有限公司 | Application testing method, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN112650683A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-13 | 京东数字科技控股股份有限公司 | Program test method, program test apparatus, and storage medium |
| CN113014996A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 上海哔哩哔哩科技有限公司 | Video generation method and device |
| CN113010359A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 西安航空电子科技有限公司 | Bus test system generation method, system, device and storage medium |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113094257B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2024-04-05 | 上海硬通网络科技有限公司 | Application testing method and device and electronic equipment |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102681841A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2012-09-19 | 中兴通讯（香港）有限公司 | Method and system for developing mobile phone application |
| CN104965790A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-07 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Keyword-driven software testing method and system |
| US20150339144A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Vmware, Inc. | Maintaining virtual hardware device id in a virtual machine |
| CN105511864A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Resource positioning method and device |
| US9600405B1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2017-03-21 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) | Systems and methods for testing a software application |
| US20170220452A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-08-03 | Yi-Quan REN | Performing a mirror test for localization testing |
| CN107329898A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 上海摩软通讯技术有限公司 | Terminal interface automated testing method and system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103309797B (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2016-05-04 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | User interface automated testing method and device |
| CN104216828A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-17 | 刘伟 | Testing method for performing function traversal on tested application program |
| CN104978266B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2019-01-01 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | A kind of application testing method and device |
| CN105095062B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2019-05-17 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Applied program testing method and system |
| KR101757149B1 (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-07-12 | 알서포트 주식회사 | Smart device application autotest method using permission booster |
-
2018
- 2018-06-01 CN CN201810554464.5A patent/CN108984389B/en active Active
- 2018-07-25 WO PCT/CN2018/097110 patent/WO2019227641A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9600405B1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2017-03-21 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) | Systems and methods for testing a software application |
| CN102681841A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2012-09-19 | 中兴通讯（香港）有限公司 | Method and system for developing mobile phone application |
| US20170220452A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-08-03 | Yi-Quan REN | Performing a mirror test for localization testing |
| US20150339144A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Vmware, Inc. | Maintaining virtual hardware device id in a virtual machine |
| CN104965790A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-07 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Keyword-driven software testing method and system |
| CN105511864A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | Resource positioning method and device |
| CN107329898A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-07 | 上海摩软通讯技术有限公司 | Terminal interface automated testing method and system |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109871326A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-06-11 | 广州云测信息技术有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus that script is recorded |
| CN110286958B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-10-29 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Node information acquisition method, device and storage medium |
| CN110286958A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Node information acquisition method, device and storage medium |
| CN110413518A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-05 | 深圳证券交易所 | The generation method and generating means and computer readable storage medium of control object library |
| CN110413518B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2023-11-14 | 深圳证券交易所 | Control object library generation method and device and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110716869A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-21 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Test case generation method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110716869B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2024-05-14 | 平安科技（深圳）有限公司 | Test case generation method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110704148A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-17 | 广州虎牙科技有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring device page elements, server and storage medium |
| CN110704148B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-09-05 | 广州虎牙科技有限公司 | Acquisition method and device of equipment page element, server and storage medium |
| CN111694752B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2023-09-05 | 中移（杭州）信息技术有限公司 | Application testing method, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN111694752A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-09-22 | 中移（杭州）信息技术有限公司 | Application testing method, electronic device and storage medium |
| CN112650683A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-13 | 京东数字科技控股股份有限公司 | Program test method, program test apparatus, and storage medium |
| CN113014996A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 上海哔哩哔哩科技有限公司 | Video generation method and device |
| CN113010359A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 西安航空电子科技有限公司 | Bus test system generation method, system, device and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108984389B (en) | 2021-04-09 |
| WO2019227641A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108984389A (en) | A kind of applied program testing method and terminal device | |
| CN108717393A (en) | A kind of applied program testing method and mobile terminal | |
| US10177984B2 (en) | Isolation of problems in a virtual environment | |
| US20220050765A1 (en) | Method for processing logs in a computer system for events identified as abnormal and revealing solutions, electronic device, and cloud server | |
| CN109298855B (en) | Network target range management system, implementation method and device thereof, and storage medium | |
| US20130132778A1 (en) | Isolation of problems in a virtual environment | |
| CN105760296A (en) | Automation testing control method, device and terminal | |
| CN107102928A (en) | A kind of application crash information uploading method and device | |
| CN115080398A (en) | Automatic interface test system and method | |
| CN116204438A (en) | Test case generation method, automatic test method and related device | |
| CN107357721B (en) | Method and device for testing system | |
| CN113220597B (en) | Test method, test device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| CN111125066B (en) | Method and device for detecting functions of database auditing equipment | |
| CN115705190A (en) | Method and device for determining dependence degree | |
| CN108427637A (en) | Test cases recommends method, electronic device and readable storage medium storing program for executing | |
| CN111708712A (en) | User behavior test case generation method, flow playback method and electronic equipment | |
| CN112416734A (en) | Test method, device and storage medium | |
| CN103902590A (en) | Method and device for automated testing of terminal | |
| CN114064510A (en) | Function testing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium | |
| CN111694752B (en) | Application testing method, electronic device and storage medium | |
| US10749772B1 (en) | Data reconciliation in a distributed data storage network | |
| CN115617668A (en) | Compatibility testing method, device and equipment | |
| CN108255715B (en) | Test result processing method and terminal equipment | |
| CN111930620B (en) | Application running environment data processing method and device | |
| CN116955145A (en) | Processing method, device, equipment and storage medium of program performance data |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |