CN108921778B - Method for generating star effect map - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating a star effect picture, which belongs to the technical field of image processing and comprises the following steps: creating an OPENGL ES rendering environment; inputting an original two-dimensional image to be processed; drawing a planet effect graph on the original two-dimensional image by adopting a pre-programmed shader and calling an API (application program interface) of the OPENGL ES rendering environment; the shader is used for calculating the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, and the transformation texture coordinates are used for constructing the planet effect. The method for generating the planet effect graph is simple in user operation, and can generate the planet effect graph with a good effect by one key, so that the user experience is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method for generating a star effect image.
Background
The star effect is similar to 360-degree panoramic photography, and is embodied by a circular picture composition, wherein pictures are connected end to end.
In the prior art, PS (Photoshop) is generally adopted to convert a common two-dimensional image into a star effect map, and the specific operations are as follows: 1. opening an image to be converted under PS, and adjusting the image into a square; 2. turning on a distortion function in a filter in the PS, distorting a square image by using polar coordinates, and adjusting parameters to obtain a planet effect graph; 3. and modifying the connecting edges of the planet effect graphs so as to ensure that the seams of the planet effect graphs are smooth and natural in transition.
From the above steps, the generation of the star effect map by using the prior art requires the user to have a basic PS experience. Also, in the step of adjusting the image to be square in PS, image distortion may be caused, for example, the image is compressed or stretched; in addition, the prior art has fewer image adjusting modes and single effect. Meanwhile, the smoothing processing at the image seam is more complex for the ordinary user. The defects all cause that a user cannot conveniently obtain a good star effect picture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for generating a planet effect picture, which is simple in user operation and can quickly generate the planet effect picture with better effect, thereby greatly improving the user experience.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for generating a star effect map comprises the following steps: creating an OPENGL ES rendering environment; inputting an original two-dimensional image to be processed; drawing a planet effect graph on the original two-dimensional image by adopting a pre-programmed shader and calling an API (application program interface) of the OPENGL ES rendering environment; the shader is used for calculating the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, and the transformation texture coordinates are used for constructing the planet effect.
Preferably, the method for the shader to calculate the transformed texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image comprises: acquiring texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image; converting the texture coordinates into 3D vertex coordinates in a preset virtual sphere; and mapping the 3D vertex coordinates back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinates.
Preferably, the method for converting the texture coordinates into the 3D vertex coordinates in the preset virtual sphere is as follows:
wherein, (X, Y) is texture coordinates, and (X, Y, z) is 3D vertex coordinates;
the method for mapping the 3D vertex coordinates back to a two-dimensional plane and obtaining the transformation texture coordinates comprises the following steps: converting the 3D vertex coordinates into a coordinate representation mode in a spherical coordinate system, and acquiring longitude and latitude of the 3D vertex coordinates in the spherical coordinate system; and normalizing the longitude and the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in a spherical coordinate system to obtain the transformation texture coordinate.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the transformed texture coordinate by normalizing the longitude and latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system includes:
u＝φ/2π,v＝θ/π
wherein φ is the longitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system, θ is the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system, and (u, v) are transformation texture coordinates.
Further, after the converting the texture coordinates into the 3D vertex coordinates in the preset virtual sphere, the method further includes: performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain a second 3D vertex coordinate; the three-dimensional transformation matrix includes: a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction and a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction; and mapping the second 3D vertex coordinate back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinate.
Further, after the performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinates by using a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates, the method further includes: zooming the second 3D vertex coordinate to obtain a third 3D vertex coordinate; and mapping the third 3D vertex coordinate back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinate.
Preferably, the method for performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinates by using a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates includes: performing rotation transformation on the X direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, performing rotation transformation on the Y direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction, and performing rotation transformation on the Z direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction to obtain a second 3D vertex coordinate;
or multiplying the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction and the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction to obtain a second three-dimensional transformation matrix; and multiplying the 3D vertex coordinates by the second three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates.
Further, the shader is also configured to stretch or compress the transformed texture coordinates.
Further, the shader is also used for smoothing the image seam of the star effect image to obtain a smooth star effect image.
Preferably, smoothing is performed on the image seams of the star effect image by adopting an Alpha transparent mixing technology to obtain a smooth star effect image.
According to the method for generating the star effect image, the pre-programmed shader is adopted to obtain the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, the star effect image is constructed in the set rendering environment through the transformation texture coordinates, and the star effect image of the original two-dimensional image is generated in a one-key mode in a program direct compiling mode. Compared with the prior art of generating the planet effect graph by adopting the PS, the user can obtain the planet effect by directly connecting the shader without carrying out complex operation, and the user experience is greatly improved. In addition, in the writing algorithm of the shader, the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image are obtained in a mode that 2D texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image are converted into 3D vertex coordinates in a virtual sphere and then the 3D vertex coordinates are mapped back to a two-dimensional plane, the method is a virtual three-dimensional reconstruction technology, the same effect as that of rendering a three-dimensional object by using a real depth buffer zone can be obtained, and the calculation and processing processes are simpler and more efficient. In addition, the whole process of obtaining the star effect graph is completed in one shader, and extension and expansion can be conveniently carried out on other places needing the function, so that the development efficiency is greatly improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spherical coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
in this embodiment, in order to achieve a real-time rendering effect on a mobile phone or other mobile terminals, a user obtains an optimal experience, and the GPU is directly used for data processing. Of course, the CPU may be used to process data where real-time rendering is not required. The processing by the GPU is based on using OPENGL ES as a rendering API (Application Programming Interface). The method specifically comprises the following two creating processes:
an OPENGL ES environment is created. The environment is a rendering environment, different platforms have different implementation processes, but the final upper layer interfaces all need a rendering environment to render images, and the environment is called OPENGL ES context environment. Whether the API call of OPENGL ES is successful depends on the environment, and if the environment is incorrect, the rendering process cannot be completed smoothly.
A frame buffer is created. This buffer is a buffer required for image rendering (i.e. rendering a star effect map). The buffer can be a depth buffer, a mask buffer, a color buffer, etc. The invention mainly performs image processing, so a color buffer is mounted by directly rendering to texture.
103, drawing a star effect graph for the original two-dimensional image by adopting a pre-programmed shader and calling an API (application program interface) of the OPENGL ES rendering environment; the shader is used for calculating the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, and the transformation texture coordinates are used for constructing the planet effect.
In this example, the general process is as follows: first, a texture image of an original two-dimensional image is generated, the texture image is input into a GPU as an input image to be processed, and meanwhile, another texture image is generated as an output image by using null data. And then, preparing vertex coordinates and texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, compiling a pre-written shader program, setting each parameter in a shader, submitting the parameters to a GPU for operation, rendering the original two-dimensional image, and finally obtaining a star effect image.
The most important step in the present invention is the writing of the shader, which is the key of the algorithm involved in this embodiment. Specifically, the method for the shader to obtain the transformation parameters of the original two-dimensional image includes:
acquiring texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image;
after the previous rendering process is prepared, how to render the image, i.e. what effect is desired, is the key to the writing of the fragment shader in the program. The vertex shader has no excessive special operation, the vertex coordinates and the texture coordinates are mainly subjected to interpolation operation, and the interpolated vertex coordinates and texture coordinates are used in the subsequent fragment shader. The "vertex coordinates" are the vertex coordinates required for drawing an image, and define what shape this primitive is, and the coordinate values given in this embodiment define a quadrilateral shape. The "texture coordinates" are a set of floating point numbers 0 to 1 indicating where the image is sampled from the texture to determine the image display in this quadrilateral-shaped region, and their values are input by their own specification.
The vertex coordinate data we prepare here are: [ -1.0,1.0, -1.0, -1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0, -1.0]
V0:-1.0,1.0
V1:-1.0,-1.0
V2:1.0,1.0
V3:1.0,-1.0
The texture coordinates are [0.0,1.0,0.0, 1.0,0.0]
UV0:0.0,1.0
UV1:0.0,0.0
UV2:1.0,1.0
UV3:1.0,0.0
The transformation result of a two-dimensional image can be regarded as a process of calculating texture coordinates of the image, because the final image effect is a result of processing each pixel in the two-dimensional image by a fragment shader, that is, different texture coordinates are used to sample different pixels at different positions in the original two-dimensional image to form a final effect image.
In the embodiment, the input texture coordinate has a value range of 0 to 1, and for the convenience of calculation, the default texture coordinate (0.5 ) center point is converted to the (0.0 ) point, i.e. the u, v value is simultaneously subtracted by 0.5, i.e. the range is converted to be between-0.5 and 0.5. In the subsequent steps, a virtual sphere is constructed, the diameter of the sphere is 1, and therefore, the transformed texture coordinate range just accords with the coordinate range of the virtual sphere.
Converting the texture coordinates into 3D vertex coordinates in a virtual sphere;
a "virtual sphere" is distinguished from a true three-dimensional space in that a virtual sphere is modeled in a two-dimensional space and not a true three-dimensional space. The true three-dimensional space also requires the aforementioned need for a depth buffer added to the frame buffer to represent the Z-axis, i.e., depth information. Since we do not render images in true three-dimensional space, to convert texture coordinates to 3D vertex coordinates in a virtual sphere, we use the following formula for the conversion:
wherein (X, Y) are texture coordinates and (X, Y, z) are 3D vertex coordinates.
The method is a mapping relation, namely texture coordinates of an original two-dimensional image are converted into three components of x, y and z, so that mapping coordinates of a three-dimensional sphere can be obtained on a two-dimensional plane.
In order to make the final presented image effect have diversity, after converting the texture coordinates into the 3D vertex coordinates in the virtual sphere, the method further includes: performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain a second 3D vertex coordinate; the three-dimensional transformation matrix includes:
three-dimensional transformation matrix in X direction: [1.0,0.0, cos (X), sin (X), 0.0, -sin (X), cos (X) ], transforming for the X axis;
three-dimensional transformation matrix in Y direction: [ cos (Y), 0.0, -sin (Y), 0.0,1.0,0.0, sin (Y), 0.0, cos (Y) ], transforming for the Y axis;
three-dimensional transformation matrix in Z direction: [ cos (Z), sin (Z), 0.0, -sin (Z), cos (Z), 0.0,1.0], transformation is performed for the Z axis;
specifically, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction is adopted to perform rotational transformation on the X direction of the 3D vertex coordinates, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction is adopted to perform rotational transformation on the Y direction of the 3D vertex coordinates, and the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction is adopted to perform rotational transformation on the Z direction of the 3D vertex coordinates, so as to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates; x, y, and z in the matrix represent the radian of rotation, and in the case of the unit of degrees, the matrix needs to be converted into radian units in advance for calculation.
In order to avoid transmitting the three matrixes into a GPU for calculation, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction and the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction can be multiplied to obtain a second three-dimensional transformation matrix; the 3D vertex coordinates are then multiplied by the second three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates. I.e. all transformations of these three matrices need eventually only be represented by the second three-dimensional transformation matrix, the transformation matrix that is eventually passed to the GPU needs only one, and this matrix represents the rotation in three directions.
In order to make the finally presented image effect have diversity, after the three-dimensional rotation transformation is performed on the 3D vertex coordinates by using a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates, the method further includes: and zooming the second 3D vertex coordinate to obtain a third 3D vertex coordinate. The scaling method may add a scaling matrix after the second 3D vertex coordinate, but for the convenience of implementation, this embodiment directly adds a variable in the fragment shader, and the variable is multiplied by the texture coordinate after the texture coordinate transformation obtains the (0, 0) point as the center point, and the result is assigned to the texture coordinate, so as to achieve the same scaling effect.
It is necessary to make clear whether the matrix multiplication is a left-hand multiplication or a right-hand multiplication, and different multiplication orders result in different results. In this embodiment, the above matrices are all right-multiplied.
And step three, mapping the 3D vertex coordinates back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinates.
The mapping method of the third step is as follows: converting the 3D vertex coordinates into a coordinate representation mode in a spherical coordinate system, and acquiring the longitude and latitude of the 3D vertex coordinates; and carrying out normalization processing on the longitude and the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate to obtain the transformation texture coordinate. The specific process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the spherical coordinate system is usually expressed by (r, θ, Φ) as radial distance, zenith angle, and azimuth angle. In this embodiment, we will use this notation of the tagging convention. Here, it is necessary to calculate what the three values are respectively. In the foregoing, we have already calculated the three-dimensional coordinates of the virtual sphere in the rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z), and now only need to calculate the coordinates of the spherical coordinate system corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinates. The conversion relation between the rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) and the spherical coordinate system (r, theta, phi) is:
wherein r represents the radius of the sphere, θ represents the latitude, and φ represents the longitude, i.e. calculating the inverse trigonometric function can solve the corresponding radian.
And substituting the virtual three-dimensional coordinates of x, y and z into the formula to calculate theta latitude and phi longitude. The value range of the geographical latitude is 0 degree to 90 degrees N (north latitude, recorded as N) and 0 degree to 90 degrees S (south latitude, recorded as S). The geographic longitude ranges from 0 degree to 180 degree E (east longitude, recorded as E) 0 degree to 180 degree W (west longitude, recorded as W). In mathematics, however, the latitude can be considered to be in a range from 0 to pi in numerical value in the calculation of the current time, and the longitude can be considered to be in a range from 0 to 2 pi in numerical value, so that the final calculation of the transformed texture coordinate, namely the normalization of the longitude and the latitude, can be simplified.
Since the domain of the arctan function is the real number range of R, the range of values is (-pi/2, pi/2), the domain of the arccos function is [ -1,1], the range of values is [0, pi ], the calculated longitude value phi may be negative, which brings trouble to the subsequent normalization process, so a determination is needed here: when the phi value is less than 0, the calculated phi value is added with 2 pi, and the positions represented by the phi value are the same and only change from negative values to positive values. The value of phi changes to (0, 2 pi) after this operation.
Since the range of the texture coordinate value is between 0 and 1, the last step is the normalization processing of the texture coordinate value, and here, the final corresponding pixel sampling point position, namely the corresponding transformed texture coordinate, can be calculated only by dividing the longitude value phi by 2 pi and dividing the latitude value theta by pi. Namely:
u＝φ/2π，v＝θ/π
where φ is the longitude of the 3D vertex coordinates in the sphere coordinate system, θ is the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinates in the sphere coordinate system, and (u, v) are texture coordinates after transformation.
The (u, v) is the final transformed texture coordinate after the virtual sphere mapping and the spherical coordinate system representation mapping, i.e. the final star effect graph with the transformation effect can be sampled at the corresponding position of the pixel of the two-dimensional image by using the finally calculated (u, v) value.
Through the above calculation, we have obtained the finally available star effect map, but for the diversity and interest of the effect, further processing can be performed on the basis, that is, the (u, v) value which has been calculated is used, and then some specific transformation is performed, such as stretching the (u, v) value or compressing the (u, v) value, so that the presented effect map has diversity.
And finally, a step of processing is needed, namely the obtained star effect image is very hard at the image joint, namely the edge of the two-dimensional image and the edge of the two-dimensional image are not in good transition after transformation, and the image joint of the star effect image is smoothed by adopting an Alpha transparent mixing technology to obtain a smooth star effect image.
Specifically, a smooth transition value, such as the blu value, is set and then the u value is determined. If the u value is greater than the blu value, no processing is done; if the u value is less than the blu value, then the 1.0-u value is used as the reverse edge image data, which is then used again for Alpha blending with the original data. The mixing formula is as follows:
src*alpha+dst*(1.0-alpha)，
the alpha value here can be used to linearly obtain a smooth transition value between 0 and 1 using u/blu. src represents the source image, dst represents the target image, i.e. the source image and the target image are subjected to a transparency blending operation, and blu represents the blending degree, which is equivalent to the alpha value in the formula. As can be seen from the above formula, if alpha is equal to 0, then only the target image is calculated from this formula; if alpha is equal to 1, then only the source image is calculated by this formula; if alpha is a number between 0 and 1, a blending effect of the source image and the target image may be obtained.
After the shaders are compiled, finally, the needed final star effect graph can be drawn only by compiling the shaders, connecting the shaders and calling the rendering API for direct rendering.
According to the method for generating the star effect image, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, a pre-programmed shader is adopted for acquiring textures, texture coordinates, vertex coordinates and various transformation parameters of the original two-dimensional image; the shader is used for constructing a planet effect, namely a planet effect graph of an original two-dimensional image is generated in a one-key mode by adopting a program direct compiling mode. Compared with the prior art of generating the planet effect graph by adopting the PS, a user can obtain the planet effect by directly using the shader program without carrying out complex operation, and the user experience is greatly improved. In addition, in the writing algorithm of the shader, the texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image are converted into the 3D vertex coordinates in the virtual sphere, and then the 3D vertex coordinates are mapped to the two-dimensional plane in a sphere coordinate system representation mode to obtain the converted texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, which is a virtual three-dimensional reconstruction technology, the same effect as that of rendering a three-dimensional object by using a real depth buffer zone can be obtained, but the calculation and processing process is simpler and more efficient. In the shader, by adjusting parameters, the display effect of the star effect graph can be adjusted, for example, movement, scaling, rotation, stretching, compression, smoothing and the like in the three directions of X, Y and Z, so that the display effect of the star effect graph is more various, and various requirements of users are met. In addition, the whole process of obtaining the star effect diagram is completed in one shader, and other places needing the function can be conveniently extended and expanded, so that the development efficiency is greatly improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for generating a star effect map, comprising:
creating an OPENGL ES rendering environment;
inputting an original two-dimensional image to be processed;
drawing a planet effect graph on the original two-dimensional image by adopting a pre-programmed shader and calling an API (application program interface) of the OPENGL ES rendering environment; the shader is used for calculating the transformation texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image, and the transformation texture coordinates are used for constructing a planet effect;
the method for the shader to compute transformed texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image comprises the following steps:
acquiring texture coordinates of the original two-dimensional image;
converting the texture coordinates into 3D vertex coordinates in a preset virtual sphere;
mapping the 3D vertex coordinates back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinates;
the method for converting the texture coordinates into 3D vertex coordinates in a preset virtual sphere is as follows:
wherein, (X, Y) is texture coordinates, and (X, Y, z) is 3D vertex coordinates;
the method for mapping the 3D vertex coordinates back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformed texture coordinates comprises the following steps:
converting the 3D vertex coordinates into a coordinate representation mode in a spherical coordinate system, and acquiring longitude and latitude of the 3D vertex coordinates in the spherical coordinate system;
carrying out normalization processing on the longitude and the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in a spherical coordinate system to obtain the transformation texture coordinate;
the method for obtaining the transformed texture coordinate by normalizing the longitude and the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system comprises the following steps:
u＝φ/2π,v＝θ/π
wherein φ is the longitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system, θ is the latitude of the 3D vertex coordinate in the spherical coordinate system, and (u, v) are transformation texture coordinates.
2. The method for generating a star effect map according to claim 1, wherein after the converting the texture coordinates into 3D vertex coordinates in a preset virtual sphere, the method further comprises:
performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain a second 3D vertex coordinate; the three-dimensional transformation matrix includes: a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction and a three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction;
and mapping the second 3D vertex coordinate back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinate.
3. The method for generating a planet effect map according to claim 2, wherein after the performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinates by using a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates, the method further comprises:
zooming the second 3D vertex coordinate to obtain a third 3D vertex coordinate;
and mapping the third 3D vertex coordinate back to a two-dimensional plane to obtain the transformation texture coordinate.
4. The method for generating a planet effect map according to claim 2, wherein the method for performing three-dimensional rotation transformation on the 3D vertex coordinates by using a preset three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain the second 3D vertex coordinates comprises:
performing rotation transformation on the X direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, performing rotation transformation on the Y direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction, and performing rotation transformation on the Z direction of the 3D vertex coordinate by adopting the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction to obtain a second 3D vertex coordinate;
alternatively, the first and second liquid crystal display panels may be,
multiplying the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the X direction, the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Y direction and the three-dimensional transformation matrix in the Z direction to obtain a second three-dimensional transformation matrix; and multiplying the 3D vertex coordinates by the second three-dimensional transformation matrix to obtain second 3D vertex coordinates.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shader is further configured to stretch or compress the transformed texture coordinates.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shader is further configured to smooth a seam of the image of the star effect map to obtain a smooth star effect map.
7. The method for generating the star effect map according to claim 6, wherein an Alpha transparent blending technology is adopted to smooth the image seams of the star effect map to obtain a smooth star effect map.
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