CN108896587A - The experimental provision and experimental method of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging - Google Patents
The experimental provision and experimental method of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Ca] Chemical compound [Na].[Ca] VEUACKUBDLVUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012905 visible particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/635—Specific applications or type of materials fluids, granulates
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Abstract
The invention discloses the experimental provisions and experimental method of a kind of imaging of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray.Particle discharges collecting mechanism mounted in observation section, and flash X-ray imaging system sets the side around observation section；Particle storage room, gate valve and particle collecting cells are sequentially arranged up and down, and X-ray emitter emits flash X-ray towards observation section, are received through after observation section two sides aluminum window by X-ray detector；The solids medium gravity fall for discharging particle storage room generates particle curtain in observation section, shock wave is got in shock tube and particle curtain interacts, dense particles field data at acquisition and recording shock wave and particle curtain interaction calculates different moments particle curtain volume fraction.The present invention realizes particle curtain volume fraction distribution instantaneous measurement and the capture of dynamic shock wave structure, observation section particle curtain is penetrated using flash X-ray, the volume fraction of different moments particle curtain has been obtained, new effective means is provided to the detail analyzed and observation particle curtain changes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shock tube experiment devices, penetrate more particularly, to a kind of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash of light X
The experimental provision and experimental method of line imaging.
Background technique
The explosive dispersion of particle is present in various engineering problems, is included in non-homogeneous explosion, wherein solid
Particle is initially mixed with explosive substance.In early stage load stream, solid phase particles are in the gas-solid flow with advanced dynamic
Dense distribution in dynamic.Although making moderate progress in the past few years to the understanding of compressible dense gas-solid flow, more to particle transport
Good understanding needs the data in dense Particle Field, these Particle Fields are usually optically opaque to the method for using visible light
, this causes to obtain when analyzing and observing dense Particle Field preferable as a result, existing experimental technique is difficult to solve simultaneously
The experimental observation problem of particle volume fraction distribution and shock wave structure.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problem that in the presence of above-mentioned background technique, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas-particle two-phase shock waves
The experimental provision and experimental method of pipe flash X-ray imaging, have carried out particle curtain volume fraction distribution instantaneous measurement and dynamic swashs
Wave structure capture, is specifically obtained with during dense particle faciation interaction using flash X-ray imaging system in shock wave simultaneously
The distribution of transient state particle curtain volume fraction and dynamic shock wave structure, provide a kind of unique stream for compressible Dense Gas solid Two phase Flows
The experimental provision and method of field characteristic measurement.
The technical solution used to solve the technical problems of the present invention is that：
One, a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging：
Device includes that multiphase shock tube, flash X-ray imaging system and particle release collecting mechanism, multiphase shock tube include
Drive section, by drive section and observation section, particle release collecting mechanism be mounted on observation section, flash X-ray imaging system is arranged in
Observe side around section；Particle release collecting mechanism includes that the particle storage room being sequentially arranged from top to bottom, gate valve and particle are received
Collect room, particle storage room lower ending opening is connected with gate valve upper end, and gate valve lower end is communicated to the top of observation section through pipeline section, observes section
Bottom end connect particle collecting cells, particle collecting cells are located at particle storage room underface；Particle storage room is provided with particle media,
It opens gate valve particle media to fall from particle storage room, forms particle curtain in observation section in dropping process, eventually fall in particle
In collecting chamber；Flash X-ray imaging system includes X-ray emitter, X-ray detector and high-speed camera；Observe section two sides
Side is provided with through slot, is equipped with aluminum window at through slot, and X-ray emitter is arranged in the aluminum window side of observation section wherein side, X-ray
Detector and high-speed camera are arranged in the aluminum window side of the observation section other side, and X-ray emitter is connected to X-ray detector；X
Ray emitter towards observation section emit flash X-ray, through observation section two sides aluminum window after by the positive spy of X-ray detector
It surveys end to receive, high-speed camera camera lens acquires image towards the X-ray detector back side.
The drive section is mainly made of about 100 millimeters of diameter of round tube, is mainly 89 millimeters by side length by drive section
Square tube be made, by driving gas original state be room temperature, atmospheric environmental pressure in multiphase shock tube, test executable shock wave
Range of Mach numbers is 1.1-2.4.
The flash X-ray of the X-ray emitter towards observation section transmitting is directed at aluminum window center and perpendicular to aluminum window table
Face.
Initial particle curtain is located at side of the center line of flash X-ray in the shock propagation upstream in observation section, grain
Angle between the center of sub- curtain and the line at X-ray emitter transmitting probe center and the center line of flash X-ray is 1 degree.
Shock wave is generated by way of bursting diaphragm explosion in the multiphase shock tube.
Two, a kind of experimental method of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging：
Using above-mentioned apparatus, the solids medium of particle storage room is discharged by gate valve, solids medium is by weight
It is fallen under power in observation section and generates particle curtain, shock wave is got in shock tube and particle curtain interacts, is imaged using flash X-ray
System acquisition records the dense particles field data at shock wave and particle curtain interaction, realizes different moments shock wave and particle curtain phase
The volume fraction of particle curtain after interaction.
Dense particles field data at the flash X-ray imaging system acquisition and recording shock wave and particle curtain interaction,
Realize the volume fraction of particle curtain after different moments shock wave and particle curtain interact, specifically：
1) in the case where particle media does not fall and do not generate particle curtain, sheet glass is placed in observation section, flash of light X is penetrated
Line source has wide spectrum, is obtained by calibrating and the mass attentuation coefficient A under different gray values during particle curtain interaction, school
Standard is that the sheet glass detection of different-thickness is penetrated by X-ray to realize, specially：
By 15 thickness, identical, length stacks to form 15 layers of glass from the long sheet glass being sequentially arranged is short to, and is placed in sight
Survey in section, 15 sheets are arranged with length along shock propagation direction, 15 sheets stacking directions along flash X-ray direction,
Emit flash X-ray towards observation section by X-ray emitter, flash X-ray penetrates 15 layers of glass, and different through heap poststack
15 different grades of X-ray intensities are detected by X-ray detector reception after the sheet glass of thickness, then use following formula
Piecewise fitting, which is carried out, according to 15 different grades of X-ray intensities obtains the mass attentuation coefficient A under different gray values：
Wherein, I0Indicate the intensity of the flash X-ray of transmitting, I ' expression is detected after glass by X-ray detector
X-ray intensity, I/I0Indicate gray value；WsIndicate that flash X-ray passes through the thickness of sheet glass；ρgIt is the density of glass, A
It is the mass attentuation coefficient (unit is centimetre square/gram) of particle media, e is constant.
The strength range that the strength range of 15 different grades of X-ray intensities measures during interacting with particle curtain
It is similar.It carries out selecting A based on intensity for subsequent step using data are obtained after piecewise fitting.
If it is known that the mass attentuation coefficient of particle media, flash X-ray wavelength and particle media material properties
Know, is then capable of the span-width of calculation medium.
2) particle media, which falls, generates particle curtain, X-ray emitter direction observation section transmitting flash X-ray, in shock tube
It gets shock wave and particle curtain interacts, by the positive spy of X-ray detector after the aluminum window of flash X-ray transmission observation section two sides
It surveys end to receive, flash X-ray imaging is converted to the Particle Field number being made of mesh point close-packed arrays inside X-ray detector
Image is simultaneously presented to display end, and the display end at high-speed camera camera lens towards the X-ray detector back side acquires Particle Field digitized map
Picture.
3) gray value of mesh point is sought according to Particle Field digital picture, obtains gray scale everywhere on shock propagation direction
Value, and then the volume fraction of particle curtain is obtained, specially：
The X-ray detector is divided into sound end and display end, the probe of X-ray detector along the both ends of flash X-ray
End detection is obtained by receiving the x-ray imaging constituted through aluminum window flash X-ray, turns x-ray imaging inside X-ray detector
It is changed to the Particle Field digital picture being made of mesh point close-packed arrays and is presented to display end, wherein each mesh point represents
One piece of region of X-ray detector sound end is indicated from the gray value that aluminum window receives X-ray.
The gray value of each column mesh point in Particle Field digital picture is taken into arithmetic mean, as on shock propagation direction
The gray value at every place, by the mass attentuation coefficient A under different gray values that the gray value combination step 1) at every place obtains use with
Lower formula calculates the volume fraction for obtaining particle curtain along shock propagation direction everywhere：
Wherein, φ indicates Particle Field in the particle volume fraction in shock propagation direction (X-direction) communication process, I0Table
Show the intensity of the flash X-ray of transmitting, I indicates the intensity of the X-ray detected after particle curtain by X-ray detector, I/
I0Indicate the gray value Jing Guo particle curtain；w0For the constant span-width of particle curtain；ρgIt is the density of particle media, A is that particle is situated between
The mass attentuation coefficient of matter (unit is centimetre square/gram).
X-ray emitter of the invention is capable of providing single flash operation as flash X-ray source and continues the strong of few tens of nano-seconds
Light beam substantially measures similar mode " freezing " flowing, in measurement dense particles field with the laser diagnostics in fluid experiment
Data provide new means.
Although making moderate progress in the past few years to the understanding of compressible dense gas-solid flow, particle transport is best understood from
The data in dense particles field are needed, these Particle Fields are usually optically opaque to the method for using visible light.And
The present invention can penetrate fine and close Particle Field using flash X-ray imaging, and flash X-ray source is capable of providing lasting few tens of nano-seconds
Strong light beam is substantially flowed with measuring similar mode " freezing " with the laser diagnostics in fluid experiment, this makes in shock wave
Advantage is occupied in pipe experiment.
The advantageous effects that the present invention has are：
The present invention penetrates observation section particle curtain using flash X-ray, in conjunction with X-ray detector and high-speed camera pair
The variation of particle curtain is captured when shock wave interacts with dense particle curtain, has obtained the volume fraction of different moments, right
The detail of analysis and observation particle curtain variation provides new effective means.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is multiphase shock tube schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is experimental provision structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view that Fig. 2 observes Duan Zhongyu flash of light X imaging system.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram for obtaining mass attentuation coefficient in embodiment using 15 layers of sheet glass arrangement.
Fig. 5 is the piecewise fitting relational graph of the gray value that embodiment obtains and mass attentuation coefficient.
Fig. 6 is the flash X-ray schematic diagram of shooting area shock wave and particle curtain interaction different moments.
Fig. 7 is along shock propagation direction particle volume fraction result figure.
In figure：1, X-ray emitter, 2, square tube flange, 3, aluminum window, 4, particle collecting cells, 5, square tube flange, 6, X-ray
Detector, 7, gate valve, 8, particle storage room, 9, high-speed motion picture camera, 10, particle curtain, 11, sheet glass.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The device of specific implementation includes multiphase shock tube, flash X-ray imaging system 1,6,9 and particle release collection machine
Structure, as shown in Figure 1, multiphase shock tube includes drive section, by drive section and observation section.As shown in Fig. 2, particle discharges collecting mechanism
It is mounted on observation section, flash X-ray imaging system 1,6,9 is arranged in side around observation section.
As shown in Fig. 2, particle release collecting mechanism includes successively storing up from top to bottom along same particle arranged in a vertical direction
Room 8, gate valve 7 and particle collecting cells 4 are deposited, 8 lower ending opening of particle storage room is connected with 7 upper end of gate valve, and 7 lower end of gate valve connects through pipeline section
The bottom end connection particle collecting cells 4 of section are observed, under particle collecting cells 4 are located at particle storage room 8 just in the top for leading to observation section
Side；Particle storage room 8 is provided with particle media, opens 7 particle media of gate valve and falls from particle storage room 8, in dropping process
It observes and forms particle curtain 10 in section, eventually fall in particle collecting cells 4.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, flash X-ray imaging system 1,6,9 includes X-ray emitter 1,6 and of X-ray detector
High-speed camera 9；Observation section two sides side is provided with through slot, aluminum window 3 is equipped at through slot, X-ray emitter 1 is arranged in observation section
Wherein 3 side of aluminum window of side, X-ray detector 6 and high-speed camera 9 are arranged in 3 side of aluminum window of the observation section other side, X
Ray emitter 1 is connected to X-ray detector 6；X-ray emitter 1 emits flash X-ray towards observation section, through observation section
It is received after the aluminum window 3 of two sides by the positive end of probe of X-ray detector 6,9 camera lens of high-speed camera is carried on the back towards X-ray detector 6
Face acquires image.
The both ends of observation section are equipped with square tube flange 2 and square tube flange 5, so that the both ends of observation section pass through square tube flange
5 connections are by drive section and outlet section.
The flash X-ray of X-ray emitter 1 towards observation section transmitting is directed at 3 center of aluminum window and perpendicular to 3 table of aluminum window
Face.
Drive section is mainly made of about 100 millimeters of diameter of round tube, the square tube for being mainly 89 millimeters by side length by drive section
It is made, by driving gas original state is room temperature, atmospheric environmental pressure in multiphase shock tube, tests executable shock mach number
Range is 1.1-2.4.In specific implementation, aluminum window 3 with a thickness of 10mm.X-ray detector 6 is big at a distance from part of detecting center
About 8cm is remote, such as IOD long in Fig. 2.X-ray emitter 1 is about 136cm remote at a distance from part of detecting center, such as SOD in Fig. 2
It is long.
Initial particle curtain 10 is located at the side of center line shock propagation upstream in being in observation section of flash X-ray,
Folder between the line at 1 transmitting probe center of streamline center and X-ray emitter and the center line of flash X-ray of particle curtain 10
Angle is 1 degree, so that particle curtain 10 is downstream recorded in communication process in the case where shock wave pushes.
In specific implementation, as shown in Fig. 2, establishing three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, X-axis is parallel to observation section shock propagation direction, Z
Axis is parallel to the flash X-ray direction that X-ray emitter 1 is emitted, and Y direction is parallel under the particle in particle storage room 8
Fall direction.
The embodiment of the present invention and its specific implementation course of work are as follows：
The solids medium of particle storage room 8 is discharged by gate valve 7, particle media is using diameter made of calcium soda-lime glass
For 100 microns of calcium sodium ball solid, particle media generates particle curtain 10 by gravity fall in observation section, in multiphase shock tube
Shock wave is generated by way of bursting diaphragm explosion, in the present embodiment, the shock mach number used is 1.6.
It interacts with particle curtain 10, it is mutual using 1,6,9 acquisition and recording shock wave of flash X-ray imaging system and particle curtain
Make the dense particles field data of use, realizes the volume fraction of particle curtain 10 after different moments shock wave and particle curtain interaction.
In specific implementation, it is imaged in observation section using 6 pairs of incident flash X-rays of X-ray detector, X-ray inspection
It surveys device and part of detecting side wall is connected to the distance remote away from part of detecting center about 8cm.The sensor is dodged using gadolinium oxide
X-ray photon is converted visible photon by bright device, these photons are captured with high-speed photography, recycles ten million network interface card that will take the photograph at a high speed
Shadow is attached with computer, so that computer capacity controls it, transmitting capture, triggering and the setting of other running parameters
Order after high-speed photography receives capture command, starts to acquire continuous video data, and interior inside real-time storage to video camera
In depositing, after being connected to trigger command, video camera stops acquisition video data.It is connect by the RS422 interface of the address card specially designed
The synchronization observing and controlling information that TT&C system sends over is received, memory is read in by pci bus by computer, is stored afterwards through processing
Onto hard disc of computer.
1) particle media do not fall do not generate do not get shock wave in particle curtain and shock tube in the case where, by sheet glass
It is placed in observation section, the mass attentuation coefficient A during interacting from particle curtain under different gray values is obtained by calibrating,
Specially：
It is 15 thickness are identical, every block of sheet glass with a thickness of 0.96 millimeter, length is from being short to the long glass being sequentially arranged
Piece stacks to form 15 layers of glass, is placed in observation section, particle media does not fall to not generating and not have in particle curtain and shock tube at this time
Shock wave is got, 15 sheets are arranged with length along shock propagation direction, upstream side of 15 sheets in shock propagation
Alignment extends to form length from long arrangement is short in the downstream side of shock propagation, and 15 sheets stacking directions are along flash of light X
Directions of rays emits flash X-ray towards observation section by X-ray emitter 1, and flash X-ray penetrates 15 layers of glass, and penetrates
It is received after the sheet glass of heap poststack different-thickness by X-ray detector 6 and detects 15 different grades of X-ray intensities, 15
The sheet glass of corresponding 15 kinds of different grades of X-ray intensity thickness combination not of the same race, then using following formula according to 15 not
The X-ray intensity of ad eundem carries out piecewise fitting and obtains the mass attentuation coefficient A under different gray values：
Wherein, I0Indicate the intensity of the flash X-ray of transmitting, I expression is detected after glass by X-ray detector 6
X-ray intensity, I/I0Indicate gray value；WsIt is the thickness that flash X-ray passes through sheet glass；ρgIt is that the density of glass is
2.52g/cm3, A is that the mass attentuation coefficient unit of particle media is centimetre square/gram, and e is constant.
In embodiment, for piecewise fitting, the mass attentuation coefficient A of acquisition is up to 0.135 or so, and minimum 0.116.
The decaying of visible particles curtain is similar with by the decaying of step ladder wedge, and piecewise fitting is more more acurrate than the result of constant fitting.
As shown in figure 5, being that X-ray realizes the gray value after calibration and attenuation coefficient by the sheet glass of different-thickness
Relational graph.From figure 5 it can be seen that corresponding attenuation coefficient A can be obtained, can be asked according to formula after learning gray value
Obtain particle curtain volume fraction.
2) shock wave and particle that Mach number size is 1.6 are got in particle media whereabouts generation particle curtain 10, shock tube
In the case where 10 interaction of curtain, X-ray emitter 1 emits flash X-ray towards observation section, through the aluminum window of observation section two sides
It is received after 3 by the positive end of probe of X-ray detector 6, is converted to flash X-ray imaging by grid inside X-ray detector 6
The Particle Field digital picture of point close-packed arrays composition is simultaneously presented to display end, and 9 camera lens of high-speed camera is towards X-ray detector 6
The display end at the back side acquires Particle Field digital picture.
As shown in fig. 6, four figures in figure are respectively the primary curtain signal before (a) shock wave and particle curtain interaction
Figure.(b) when shock wave and particle curtain interact, t=110 μ s particle curtain schematic diagram.(c) when shock wave and particle curtain interact,
When particle curtain schematic diagram (d) shock wave and particle curtain interact, t=280 μ s particle curtain schematic diagram.Wherein dashed rectangle indicates to survey
Measure the region of volume fraction profile.
3) gray value of mesh point is sought according to Particle Field digital picture, is obtained in shock propagation direction (X-direction) everywhere
Gray value, and then obtain the volume fraction of particle curtain, t=180 μ s is specially：
In specific implementation, the mesh point that Particle Field digital picture is evenly dividing as 20 × 1000, each mesh point according to
Display data can obtain its gray value.The gray value of each column mesh point in Particle Field digital picture is taken into arithmetic mean, as
The gray value at every place on shock propagation direction declines the quality under the different gray values of the gray value combination step 1) acquisition at every place
Subtract coefficient A and is calculated using the following equation the volume fraction for obtaining particle curtain along shock propagation direction everywhere：
Wherein, φ indicates particle curtain of particle curtain during along shock propagation direction (X-direction) and shock wave interaction
Volume fraction, I0Indicate the intensity of the flash X-ray of transmitting, I indicates the X detected after particle curtain by X-ray detector 6
The intensity of ray, I/I0Indicate the gray value Jing Guo particle curtain；w0For the constant span-width of particle curtain；ρgIt is particle media
Density, A are the mass attentuation coefficients of particle media (unit is centimetre square/gram).
In specific implementation, the density for the calcium sodium ball that particle media uses is equal to 2.52g/cm3。
If Fig. 7 is the volume fraction result in different moments Particle Field.
As can see from Figure 7, from the initial time of t=0 μ s to the t=280 μ s moment, the width of particle curtain is with particle
Downward downstream and increase, peak volume score drops to 5% from 22%.As time increases, the particle curtain is with asymmetry
Mode propagate, it is bigger relative to upstream portion volume fraction gradient in the downstream part of particle curtain.For example, in t=280 μ s
It carves, the volume fraction gradient of upstream side (x=3-13.5mm) is about 0.0048/mm, and the body of downstream side (x=13.5-19mm)
Fraction gradient is about -0.0091/mm.
Pass through the variation of particle curtain volume fraction in obtained Particle Field.It can be seen that the present invention can be used in observation and
During analyzing shock wave and particle curtain interaction, the details of Particles Moving in dense particles field, in compressible, dense gas-solid
A kind of unique particle transport view is provided in stream.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging, it is characterized in that：
Collecting mechanism is discharged including multiphase shock tube, flash X-ray imaging system (1,6,9) and particle, multiphase shock tube includes
Drive section, by drive section and observation section, particle release collecting mechanism be mounted on observation section, flash X-ray imaging system (1,6,9)
It is arranged in side around observation section；It includes the particle storage room (8) being sequentially arranged from top to bottom, gate valve that particle, which discharges collecting mechanism,
(7) it is connected with particle collecting cells (4), particle storage room (8) lower ending opening with gate valve (7) upper end, gate valve (7) lower end connects through pipeline section
The top for leading to observation section, observes bottom end connection particle collecting cells (4) of section, and particle collecting cells (4) are located at particle storage room (8)
Underface；Particle storage room (8) is provided with particle media, opens gate valve (7) particle media and falls from particle storage room (8), under
Particle curtain (10) are formed in observation section during falling, are eventually fallen in particle collecting cells (4)；Flash X-ray imaging system (1,
It 6,9) include X-ray emitter (1), X-ray detector (6) and high-speed camera (9)；Observation section two sides side is provided with through slot,
It is equipped at through slot aluminum window (3), X-ray emitter (1) is arranged in aluminum window (3) side of observation section wherein side, X-ray detection
Device (6) and high-speed camera (9) are arranged in aluminum window (3) side of the observation section other side, and X-ray emitter (1) is connected to X-ray
Detector (6)；X-ray emitter (1) towards observation section emit flash X-ray, through observation section two sides aluminum window (3) after by X
The positive end of probe of ray detector (6) receives, and high-speed camera (9) camera lens is acquired towards X-ray detector (6) back side schemes
Picture.
2. a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
The drive section is mainly made of about 100 millimeters of diameter of round tube, the square tube system for being mainly 89 millimeters by side length by drive section
At by driving gas original state being room temperature, atmospheric environmental pressure in, multiphase shock tube, executable shock mach number model is tested
It encloses for 1.1-2.4.
3. a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
The flash X-ray of the X-ray emitter (1) towards observation section transmitting is directed at aluminum window (3) center and perpendicular to aluminum window (3) table
Face.
4. a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
Initial particle curtain (10) is located at side of the center line of flash X-ray in the shock propagation upstream in observation section, particle curtain
(10) the angle between the line at center and X-ray emitter (1) transmitting probe center and the center line of flash X-ray is 1
Degree.
5. a kind of experimental provision of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
Shock wave is generated by way of bursting diaphragm explosion in the multiphase shock tube.
6. a kind of experimental method of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging, it is characterized in that：It is any using claim 1-5
Described device, by the solids medium of gate valve (7) release particle storage room (8), solids medium relies on gravity fall
Generate particle curtain (10) in observation section, shock wave got in shock tube and particle curtain (10) interact, using flash X-ray at
As the dense particles field data at system (1,6,9) acquisition and recording shock wave and particle curtain interaction, different moments shock wave is realized
With the volume fraction of particle curtain (10) after particle curtain interaction.
7. a kind of experimental method of gas-solid two-phase shock tube flash X-ray imaging according to claim 6, it is characterized in that：
Dense particles field data at flash X-ray imaging system (1,6,9) the acquisition and recording shock wave and particle curtain interaction, it is real
The volume fraction of particle curtain (10) after existing different moments shock wave and particle curtain interaction, specifically：
1) in the case where particle media does not fall and do not generate particle curtain, by sheet glass be placed on observation section in, by calibrate come
The mass attentuation coefficient A during interacting from particle curtain under different gray values is obtained, specially：
By 15 thickness, identical, length stacks to form 15 layers of glass from the long sheet glass being sequentially arranged is short to, and is placed in observation section
Interior, 15 sheets are arranged with length along shock propagation direction, and 15 sheets stacking directions pass through X along flash X-ray direction
Ray emitter (1) emits flash X-ray towards observation section, and flash X-ray penetrates 15 layers of glass, and different thick through heap poststack
It is received after the sheet glass of degree by X-ray detector (6) and detects 15 different grades of X-ray intensities, then use following public affairs
Formula carries out piecewise fitting according to 15 different grades of X-ray intensities and obtains the mass attentuation coefficient A under different gray values：
Wherein, I0Indicate the intensity of the flash X-ray of transmitting, I ' indicates the X detected after glass by X-ray detector (6)
The intensity of ray, I/I0Indicate gray value；WsIndicate that flash X-ray passes through the thickness of sheet glass；ρgIt is the density of glass, A is grain
The mass attentuation coefficient (unit is centimetre square/gram) of sub- medium, e is constant；
2) particle media, which falls, generates particle curtain (10), and X-ray emitter (1) emits flash X-ray, shock tube towards observation section
It inside gets shock wave and particle curtain (10) interacts, by X-ray detection after the aluminum window (3) of flash X-ray transmission observation section two sides
The positive end of probe of device (6) receives, and X-ray detector (6) is internal to be converted to flash X-ray imaging by mesh point close-packed arrays
The Particle Field digital picture of composition is simultaneously presented to display end, and high-speed camera (9) camera lens is towards X-ray detector (6) back side
Display end acquires Particle Field digital picture；
3) gray value of mesh point is sought according to Particle Field digital picture, obtains gray value everywhere on shock propagation direction, into
And the volume fraction of particle curtain (10) is obtained, specially：
The gray value of each column mesh point in Particle Field digital picture is taken into arithmetic mean, as place every on shock propagation direction
Gray value, the mass attentuation coefficient A under the different gray values that the gray value combination step 1) at every place is obtained uses following public affairs
Formula calculates the volume fraction for obtaining particle curtain (10)：
Wherein, φ indicates Particle Field in the particle volume fraction in the communication process of shock propagation direction, I0Indicate the flash of light of transmitting
The intensity of X-ray, I indicate the intensity of the X-ray detected after particle curtain by X-ray detector (6), I/I0It indicates to pass through
The gray value of particle curtain；w0For the constant span-width of particle curtain；ρgIt is the density of particle media, A is that the quality of particle media declines
Subtract coefficient (unit is centimetre square/gram).
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