CN108895977A - A kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device - Google Patents
A kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108895977A CN108895977A CN201810707587.8A CN201810707587A CN108895977A CN 108895977 A CN108895977 A CN 108895977A CN 201810707587 A CN201810707587 A CN 201810707587A CN 108895977 A CN108895977 A CN 108895977A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring devices, including spherical junctions component, measure substrate, laser tracker and target stand, spherical junctions component is by upper, lower two pieces semicircle ball block weldings form, circular weld is formed between two pieces of semicircle ball blocks, measurement substrate is placed with below the semicircle ball block of lower layer, the two sides of measurement substrate are symmetrically arranged with the first erect-position and the second erect-position, it is connected between first erect-position and the second erect-position by circular orbit, laser tracker is mobile by circular orbit, there are four target stand is total, as the global control point for turning station process.Apparatus of the present invention are in measuring condition deficiency, provide a kind of easy to operate, high-efficient measurement method, all eyeballs are fitted to sphere using SA software, deformed region is analyzed by deviation between eyeball and fitting sphere, by the deviation put on deformed region compared with respectively fitting maximum deflection difference value, the deflection in corresponding deformation region is analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat-treatment distortion detection technique field more particularly to a kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortions
Measuring device.
Background technique
Laser tracker measuring system is a kind of high-precision Large-scale Measuring Instruments in measuring system in industry.It gathers
Laser interference ranging technology, detecting technique, secret mechanical technique, Computer Control Technology, modern numerical calculation are theoretical
Etc. various advanced technologies, track to space movement target the 3 d space coordinate of simultaneously real-time measurement target, mainly with large size
In equipment manufacturing based on the accurate measurement of geometry and critical size, but because the complexity of self structure, the technology of operator,
Measurement method and external environment all have an impact to measurement accuracy, therefore there is presently no a kind of unification, general measurement methods.
The deformation of macrotype spherical structural member heat treatment front and back is measured with laser tracker, usually there are two types of methods：The
One is in the case where having theoretical model and characteristic point more than 6, the mode being quickly aligned with CAD model can be used, will surveyed
Characteristic point is fitted with theory characteristic point, and when guaranteeing error of fitting very little, more measurement points are acquired on practical structures part,
All measurement points are fitted on theoretical model, the deviation of practical structures part and theoretical model is generated, analysis deviation data determine
The deformed region of spherical junctions component compares the variation of the corresponding deformed region of heat treatment front and back spherical junctions component.Be for second
Having theoretical model and practical structures part subscript, there are many tested points, are fitted by datum mark measured value with theoretical value, will be to
The coordinate value of measuring point is converted to theoretical coordinate system, in error of fitting very little, is measured one by one to tested point, is generated to be measured
The deviation of point and theoretical coordinate value, analysis are heat-treated the variation of the measured value of tested point and theoretical coordinate value on front-end geometry part
According to, can obtain heat treatment front and back spherical junctions component on certain point deflection.Sometimes in measure field, without theoretical model and
On spherical junctions component in the case where unmarked measurement point, the above method is just infeasible, at this moment with regard to needing to find a kind of new measurement
Method.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, a kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat is provided
Deformation measuring device is handled, when deforming before and after measuring the heat treatment of macrotype spherical structural member, is lacking theoretical model and characteristic point
Less than 6 or when having theoretical model but unmarked place's tested point, it still is able to measure work.
To realize above-mentioned technical purpose and the technique effect, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, the device include spherical junctions component, measurement substrate, swash
Optical tracker system and target stand, in addition to this, in present apparatus measurement process using Survey Software is SA, and SA is a set of by New River
The three-dimensional measurement of Kinematics exploitation analyzes software, is mainly used for complicated commercial measurement and analysis, and SA is first introducing
The Survey Software of 3-D view environment forms the industrial standard that large-scale survey is carried out using Portable Measurement Instrument, it
It is a standard software kit in many industries, from shipbuilding industry and civil engineering to aerospace industry and nuclear energy, and it
It is the Survey Software that uniquely complies fully with ISO in the world and can trace to the source.The software is easy to use, can freely be configured, be had
Secondary developing platform.The spherical junctions component is formed by upper and lower two pieces semicircle ball block weldings, between two pieces of semicircle ball blocks
Circular weld is formed, measurement substrate, the two sides of the measurement substrate are placed with below the semicircle ball block of lower layer
It is symmetrically arranged with the first erect-position and the second erect-position, is connected between first erect-position and the second erect-position by circular orbit, it is described to swash
Optical tracker system is mobile by circular orbit, and measurement data of the laser tracker on two erect-positions is converted by measurement coordinate to same
Process under one work coordinate system is known as turning station process, can obtain laser tracker in different operating position by turning station process
When measure coordinate to the conversion parameter of work coordinate system, conversion parameter includes spin matrix R and translation matrix T；The target stand is total
There are four, as the global control point for being easy to implement turn station and guarantee measurement accuracy；The measurement method of the device includes following step
Suddenly：
Spherical junctions component to be measured is placed on measurement substrate by step 1), guarantees that the circular weld of spherical junctions component is in level
Position；
Step 2) fixes four near measurement substrate can be as the target stand of global control point during turning station；
Step 3) selects two erect-positions of laser tracker, and guarantee turns measure at least three global controls before and after the process of station
Point processed；
Laser tracker is placed on the first erect-position by the step 4) Cheng Qian that turns to stand, and adjusts the horizontal position of laser tracker
Later, four global control points are successively measured, laser tracker is moved to the second erect-position later, to four global controls
System point successively measures in that same order, measures the station error that turns between two erect-positions in advance, and guarantee turns station error and exists
After meeting measurement accuracy requirement, the coordinate of lower four global control points is measured and recorded, starts to acquire measurement point；
The station that turns of step 5) laser tracker is the seat by the global control point measured by the first erect-position and the second erect-position
Mark is fitted completion, can describe in this way：Mobile laser tracker at least measures three using station is turned to the second erect-position
Global control point is fitted with the global control point measured by the first erect-position, and guarantee turns station error and meeting measurement accuracy requirement
Under, continue to acquire measurement point, until measurement point is covered with entire spherical junctions component, and the annular welds sharply located in geometric dimension transition
The distribution density of measurement point is improved at seam；
All measurement points are fitted to sphere with " fitting solid " in SA software by step 6), guarantee fitting sphere and theory
The radius error of model will within the allowable range again be intended all measurement points by " N point is all fitted to object " in SA software
It is bonded on fitting sphere, using the deviation in SA software between all measurement points of " relationship match " generation and fitting sphere, and
It nearby carries out mending at deviation maximum point and surveys several benefit measuring points；
Step 7) finds out that multiple deviations are bigger and integrated distribution by analyzing the maximum deviation data in positive and negative direction
In some region of point, the concave, convex deformed region on spherical structure is obtained；
Step 8) repeats the above steps, and obtains the concave, convex deformed region after being heat-treated on spherical junctions component；
Corresponding concave, convex deformed region on the spherical junctions component of heat treatment front and back is compared in step 9) analysis, and generation has data, figure
The analysis report of table, picture.
Preferably, in above-mentioned macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, the measurement substrate is cylindric set
Cylinder.
Preferably, in above-mentioned macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, the diameter of the sleeve is spherical junctions
The 1/40-1/30 of member diameters, the spherical junctions member diameters are 900-1500mm.
Preferably, in above-mentioned macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, after the benefit measuring point all measures, with
Remaining all measurement point is fitted again, the deviation of second all measurement points and fitting sphere is generated, when the deviation still compares
When larger, artificial measurement error can be excluded, improves the accuracy of measurement result.
Preferably, in above-mentioned macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, the quantity for mending measuring point is 3-5
It is a.
Preferably, in above-mentioned macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, in step 7), the deviation is positive
When, then this is far from the centre of sphere, as bulging deformation on fitting sphere normal vector direction；When the deviation is negative value,
Then this is proximate to the centre of sphere, as depressed deformation on fitting sphere normal vector direction.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device provided by the invention, it is reasonable in design, while to survey
When amount condition deficiency, a kind of easy to operate, high-efficient measurement method is provided；Measurement method science, overcomes in no theory
Under conditions of model and no enough characteristic points, enough measurements are acquired on spherical junctions component after needing before heat treatment
All eyeballs are fitted to sphere, are analyzed on spherical junctions component by deviation between eyeball and fitting sphere by point
Deformed region can analyze heat treatment front and back by the deviation put on deformed region compared with respectively fitting maximum deflection difference value
The deflection in spherical junctions component corresponding deformation region.
Certainly, it implements any of the products of the present invention it is not absolutely required to while reaching above all advantages.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will be described below to embodiment required
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals are as follows：
1- spherical junctions component, 2- circular weld, 3- measure substrate, 4- target stand, the first erect-position of 5-, the second erect-position of 6-, 7- ring
Shape track, 8- laser tracker.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Refering to Figure 1, the present embodiment is a kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, the device packet
Include spherical junctions component 1, measurement substrate 3, laser tracker 8 and target stand 4.In addition to this, measurement is used in present apparatus measurement process
Software is SA, and SA is that a set of three-dimensional measurement by New River Kinematics exploitation analyzes software, is mainly used for complexity
Commercial measurement and analysis, SA are the Survey Softwares of first introducing 3-D view environment, are formd using Portable Measurement Instrument
The industrial standard of large-scale survey is carried out, it is a standard software kit in many industries, from shipbuilding industry and building work
Journey is to aerospace industry and nuclear energy, and it is the Survey Software that uniquely complies fully with ISO in the world and can trace to the source.The software
It is easy to use, it can freely be configured, there is secondary developing platform.
In the device, spherical junctions component 1 is formed by upper and lower two pieces semicircle ball block weldings, two pieces of semicircle ball blocks it
Between formed circular weld 2.Measurement substrate 3 is placed with below the semicircle ball block of lower layer, the two sides for measuring substrate 3 are symmetrical
Equipped with the first erect-position 5 and the second erect-position 6, connected between the first erect-position 5 and the second erect-position 6 by circular orbit 7, laser tracker
8 is mobile by circular orbit 7, and measurement data of the laser tracker on two erect-positions is converted by measurement coordinate to same work
Process under coordinate system is known as turning station process, can obtain laser tracker measurement at different operating position by turning station process
For coordinate to the conversion parameter of work coordinate system, conversion parameter includes spin matrix R and translation matrix T；There are four target stand 4 is total, make
For the global control point for turning station process.Specific switch process is those skilled in the art to the routine operation of SA software, such as Shen
Please number for 201710704853.7 a patent specification disclose how carry out data, coordinate system conversion.
The measurement method of the device includes the following steps：
Spherical junctions component 1 to be measured is placed on measurement substrate 3 by step 1), guarantees that the circular weld 2 of spherical junctions component 1 is in
Horizontal position；Measurement substrate 3 is cylindrical sleeve, and the diameter of sleeve is the 1/40-1/30 of 1 diameter of spherical junctions component, spherical junctions
1 diameter of component is 900-1500mm.Attached drawing 1 is simple structural schematic diagram, is not limited the size of specific structure.
Step 2) fixes four target stands 4 near measurement substrate 3, and target stand 4, which is used as to be easy to implement, to be turned station and guarantee that measurement is smart
The global control point of degree；
Step 3) selects two erect-positions of laser tracker 8, and guarantee turns measure at least three overall situations before and after the process of station
Control point；
Laser tracker 8 is placed on the first erect-position 5 by the step 4) Cheng Qian that turns to stand, and adjusts the level of laser tracker 8
After position, four global control points are successively measured, laser tracker are moved to the second erect-position 6 later, to four
Global control point successively measures in that same order, measures the station error that turns between two erect-positions in advance, guarantees to turn station
Error measures and records the coordinate of lower four global control points after meeting measurement accuracy and requiring, and starts to acquire measurement point；
Step 5) moves the 8 to the second erect-position of laser tracker 6, using station is turned, at least measure three global control points with
Global control point measured by first erect-position is fitted, and guarantee turns station error in the case where meeting measurement accuracy and requiring, and is continued acquisition and is surveyed
Point is measured, until measurement point is covered with entire spherical junctions component 1, and improves measurement at the circular weld that geometric dimension transition is sharply located
The distribution density of point；
All measurement points are fitted to sphere with " fitting solid " in SA software by step 6), guarantee fitting sphere and theory
All measurement points will be fitted by " N point is all fitted to object " in SA software by the radius error of model within the allowable range
The deviation between all measurement points and fitting sphere is generated to fitting sphere, then with use " relationship match " in SA software, and
It carries out mending near at the deviation maximum point and surveys 3-5 benefit measuring point；After mending measuring point whole measurement, again with remaining all measurement point
Fitting generates the deviation of second all measurement points and fitting sphere, when the deviation or it is bigger when, can exclude artificially
Measurement error improves the accuracy of measurement result.
Step 7) is by the maximum deviation data in the positive and negative direction of analysis, and deviation is timing, then the point is in fitting sphere method
It is far from the centre of sphere, as bulging deformation in vector direction；When deviation is negative value, then the point is in fitting sphere normal vector direction
On be proximate to the centre of sphere, as depressed deformation.Find out multiple deviations it is bigger and concentrate be distributed in some region of point, obtain
Concave, convex deformed region on spherical structure；
Step 8) repeats the above steps, and obtains the concave, convex deformed region after being heat-treated on spherical junctions component 1；
Corresponding concave, convex deformed region on heat treatment front and back spherical junctions component 1 is compared in step 9) analysis, generation have data,
The analysis report of chart, picture.
Measurement substrate 3 described in the present embodiment step 1) is cylindrical sleeves, convenient for putting for spherical junctions component, reduces and surveys
Measurement error caused by structural member shift in position during amount, measurement point overlay area is bigger, and the sphere of fitting is closer to reason
By model.It is examined in advance described in step 4) and turns station error between two erect-positions, in 1 measurement process of macrotype spherical structural member
In, acquisition measurement point number is relatively more, avoid turning after station to turn station error excessive, causing subsequent acquisition measurement point to work can not
It carries out；Laser tracker 8 is carried out in step 5) turns station, be because measuring large-scale geometric dimension, far measuring distance, laser with
Track instrument 8 is unable to complete the measurement all put in an erect-position.The Distribution Principles of measurement point are welded on macrotype spherical structural member 1
Seam, the measurement point distribution sharply located of geometric dimension transition are relatively more, and in no-welding-seam and geometric dimension transition is uniformly located measurement point and divided
Cloth is less.
The present embodiment analyzes the deformed region on spherical junctions component 1 by deviation between eyeball and fitting sphere,
By the deviation put on deformed region compared with respectively fitting maximum deflection difference value, heat treatment front and back spherical junctions component can be analyzed
The deflection in 1 corresponding deformation region.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " one embodiment ", " example ", " specific example " etc. means
Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one implementation of the invention
In example or example.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms may not refer to the same embodiment or example.
Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in any one or more of the embodiments or examples to close
Suitable mode combines.
Present invention disclosed above preferred embodiment is only intended to help to illustrate the present invention.There is no detailed for preferred embodiment
All details are described, are not limited the invention to the specific embodiments described.Obviously, according to the content of this specification,
It can make many modifications and variations.These embodiments are chosen and specifically described to this specification, is in order to better explain the present invention
Principle and practical application, so that skilled artisan be enable to better understand and utilize the present invention.The present invention is only
It is limited by claims and its full scope and equivalent.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device, it is characterised in that：The device includes spherical junctions component, surveys
Substrate, laser tracker and target stand are measured, the spherical junctions component is formed by upper and lower two pieces semicircle ball block weldings, two and half
Circular weld is formed between orange block, is placed with measurement substrate, the survey below the semicircle ball block of lower layer
The two sides of amount substrate are symmetrically arranged with the first erect-position and the second erect-position, pass through circular orbit between first erect-position and the second erect-position
Connection, the laser tracker is mobile by circular orbit, by measurement data of the laser tracker on two erect-positions by measuring
Coordinate, which is converted to the process under same work coordinate system, to be known as turning station process, and can obtain laser tracker by turning station process exists
Coordinate is measured when different operating position to the conversion parameter of work coordinate system, conversion parameter includes spin matrix R and translation matrix
T；There are four the target stand is total, as the global control point for being easy to implement turn station and guarantee measurement accuracy；The measurement side of the device
Method includes the following steps：
Spherical junctions component to be measured is placed on measurement substrate by step 1), guarantees that the circular weld of spherical junctions component is in horizontal position
It sets；
Step 2) fixes four near measurement substrate can be as the target stand of global control point during turning station；
Step 3) selects two erect-positions of laser tracker, and guarantee turns measure at least three global controls before and after the process of station
Point；
Laser tracker is placed on the first erect-position by the step 4) Cheng Qian that turns to stand, adjust laser tracker horizontal position it
Afterwards, four global control points are successively measured, laser tracker is moved to the second erect-position later, to four global controls
Point successively measures in that same order, measures the station error that turns between two erect-positions in advance, and guarantee turns station error full
After sufficient measurement accuracy requires, the coordinate of lower four global control points is measured and recorded, starts to acquire measurement point；
Step 5) laser tracker turn station be by the coordinate of the global control point measured by the first erect-position and the second erect-position into
Row fitting is completed, and can be described in this way：Mobile laser tracker at least measures three overall situations using station is turned to the second erect-position
Control point is fitted with the global control point measured by the first erect-position, and guarantee turns station error in the case where meeting measurement accuracy and requiring,
Continue to acquire measurement point, until measurement point is covered with entire spherical junctions component, and the circular weld sharply located in geometric dimension transition
Improve the distribution density of measurement point in place；
All measurement points are fitted to sphere with " fitting solid " in SA software by step 6), guarantee fitting sphere and theoretical model
Radius error all measurement points to be fitted to again by " N point is all fitted to object " in SA software within the allowable range
On fitting sphere, the deviation between all measurement points and fitting sphere is generated using " relationship match " in SA software, and in deviation
It nearby carries out mending at value maximum point and surveys several benefit measuring points；
It is bigger and concentrate and be distributed in certain to find out multiple deviations by analyzing the maximum deviation data in positive and negative direction for step 7)
The point in one region obtains the concave, convex deformed region on spherical structure；
Step 8) repeats the above steps, and obtains the concave, convex deformed region after being heat-treated on spherical junctions component；
Step 9) analysis compares heat treatment front and back spherical junctions component on corresponding concave, convex deformed region, generation have data, chart,
The analysis report of picture.
2. macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The measurement
Substrate is cylindrical sleeve.
3. macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The sleeve
Diameter be spherical junctions member diameters 1/40-1/30, the spherical junctions member diameters be 900-1500mm.
4. macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The benefit is surveyed
Point all after measurement, is fitted again with remaining all measurement point, generates the deviation of second all measurement points and fitting sphere, when
The deviation or it is bigger when, artificial measurement error can be excluded, improve the accuracy of measurement result.
5. macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The benefit is surveyed
The quantity of point is 3-5.
6. macrotype spherical structural member heat-treatment distortion measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7)
In, the deviation is timing, then this is far from the centre of sphere, as bulging deformation on fitting sphere normal vector direction；Institute
State deviation be negative value when, then this is proximate to the centre of sphere, as depressed deformation on fitting sphere normal vector direction.
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| CN201810707587.8A CN108895977B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Large-scale spherical structural component heat treatment deformation measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810707587.8A CN108895977B (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2018-07-02 | Large-scale spherical structural component heat treatment deformation measuring device |
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| CN112541428A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-03-23 | 深圳市优必选科技股份有限公司 | Football recognition method and device and robot |
| CN113932762A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Cable deformation measuring method and device and computer storage medium |
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| CN113932762A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Cable deformation measuring method and device and computer storage medium |
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| CN108895977B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
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