CN108848837A - A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method - Google Patents

A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108848837A
CN108848837A CN201810845506.0A CN201810845506A CN108848837A CN 108848837 A CN108848837 A CN 108848837A CN 201810845506 A CN201810845506 A CN 201810845506A CN 108848837 A CN108848837 A CN 108848837A
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China
Prior art keywords
rice
rape
parts
straw
mus
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Inventor
王萍
王少先
张文学
夏文建
李瑶
秦文婧
杨成春
范芳
刘光荣
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201810845506.0A priority Critical patent/CN108848837A/en
Publication of CN108848837A publication Critical patent/CN108848837A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization methods, include the following steps：By straw-returning after rice harvesting, and the decomposed stalk of straw decomposing inoculant is added；Rape is planted after adding base manure toward Tanaka after 15 days；Early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, combines winter irrigation to impose urea by the end of December, imposes urea again after bolting of turning green；By straw-returning after rape harvesting, and add straw decomposing inoculant；It is sprinkled into microbial manure after 20 days, adds water, is inserted into rice seedling；Paddy growth initial stage was every 10-15 days sprinkling foliar fertilizers；Additional microbial manure is mature to rice when pouring water every time；By rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting, then repeats the above steps and carry out rice-rape rotation.The present invention, in the nutrient uptake feature of different times, targetedly gives application fertilizer type, dosage and the best period of fertilising, has highlighted rational application of fertilizers feature, the yield of the rape and rice planted out is higher according to rape and rice.

Description

A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop plantings and technical field of fertilizer application, and in particular to a kind of rice-rape rotation efficiently applies fertilizer Method.
Background technique
Two cooked mode of rice-rape rotation is commonly distributed in the Yangtze river basin, the mode can not only make full use of light, temperature, water, The natural resources such as soil, and can achieve the effect that cost-saving synergistic and be combined with increasing soil fertility, it is more satisfactory rice field-upland field rotation mode. But due to pursuit high yield in recent years simply, part rice-oil tanker is caused to make the application excess waste of area's chemical fertilizer, chemistry Utilization rate of fertilizer reduces, and also results in serious harm to Ecological environment.
For forefathers about the plantation of rice-rape rotation and fertilising research be mainly used in single crop and plantation and Fertilizer practice integrated level not high aspect the problem of, based on cost-saving synergistic and improvement environment fertilising rationalize require, the present invention Patent proposes a kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, and to make the high yield in area for rice-oil tanker, low consumption, synergy provide Technical support, while reference frame is provided for regional agriculture pollution of area source prevention and control.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization methods, solve chemical fertilizer in the prior art and apply With the low problem of excessive, utilization rate of fertilizer, while it can achieve the effect that rape rice high yield.
The present invention provides a kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization methods, include the following steps：
Step 1, by rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting is complete, and rice straw is uniformly laid on and has been gathered in On the field of rice, field ponding is discharged after rice straw is saturated with water, then toward being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant on rice straw, and The amount of being spilled into of the straw decomposing inoculant is 3-5kg/ mus；
Wherein, the straw decomposing inoculant is by white rot fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution according to 2：1 mass ratio mixing and At；
Step 2, after being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant 15 days, field is turned over, is smooth, is then exposed to the sun 5-10 days；It is exposed to the sun and finishes toward field In add base fertilizer compound fertilizer, dosage is 200-300kg/ mus, turns over again after adding, is smooth, when to mid-September Start to plant rape；
Wherein, N-P in the base fertilizer compound fertilizer2O5-K2O nutrient content is 20-15-10；
Step 3, after rapeseed cultivation, early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, and applied amount is 25-30kg/ mus；It combines by the end of December Winter irrigation imposes urea, and the amount of imposing is 10-15kg/ mus；It turns green and imposes urea after bolting again, the amount of imposing is 5-10kg/ mus；
Wherein, the special fertilizer for cole is composed of the following parts by weight：30-40 parts of urea, calcium superphosphate 5-10 Part, 15-20 parts of potassium fulvate, 3-5 parts of borax, 20-30 parts of Eichhornia crassipes tunning, 20-30 parts of vinous fermentation vinasse；
Step 4, rape stalk is crushed returning to the field after rape harvesting, and adds the stalk by the first tenday period of a month in May harvesting rape Decomposing agent, dosage are 5kg/ mus；Field is turned over after adding, is embedded in rape stalk in arable layer；
Step 5, after 20 days, field is turned over again, is smooth, being sprinkled into microbial manure in Tanaka before turning over, the amount of being sprinkled into is 50- 100kg/ mus, after turning over plus water, so that water surface height is unearthed face 10-15cm, be inserted into rice seedling；
Wherein, the microbial manure is composed of the following parts by weight：20-30 parts of humic acid, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5- 10 parts, 3-5 parts of EM bacteria agent, 1-3 parts of lentinan；
Step 6, paddy growth initial stage sprayed medicine fertilizer every 10-15 days on blade；
The medicine fertilizer is photosynthetic fermented liquid and 50% carbendazim according to 1：500 times of dilution obtains after 1 mass ratio mixing 's；
Step 7, the additional microbial manure is until rice is mature when pouring water every time, and the additional quantity of microbial manure is 30kg/ mus；
Step 8, late July rice harvesting, and by rice straw returning to the field, then repeat the above steps 1- step 7, carries out water Rice-rape recycles crop rotation.
Preferably, ploughed depth is 20-30cm in the step 2, step 4 and step 5.
Preferably, living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in the straw decomposing inoculant9-1.0×1011cfu/g。
Preferably, the preparation method of the Eichhornia crassipes tunning is as follows：
It is charged with the vinous fermentation vinasse for being equivalent to Eichhornia crassipes weight 10% after Eichhornia crassipes is shredded, then exists It ferments 5-10 days at 35-40 DEG C, fermentation, which finishes, obtains the Eichhornia crassipes tunning.
Preferably, rape stalk is ground into returning to the field after the section shape of 3-5cm in the step 4.
Preferably, living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in the photosynthetic fermented liquid8-1.0×1010cfu/g。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) rice of the invention-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, in the nutrient uptake feature of different times, there is needle according to rape Application fertilizer type, dosage and the best period of fertilising are given to property, highlighted rational application of fertilizers feature；And in the present invention The special fertilizer for cole nutrient content of application is complete, and nutrient formula is reasonable, and nutrient form is suitable for meeting suction of the growth of rape phase to nutrient Rule is received, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, can significantly improve rapeseed yield, increase economic benefit.
2) rice of the invention-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, in the nutrient uptake feature of different times, there is needle according to rice Application fertilizer type, dosage and the best period of fertilising are given to property, highlighted rational application of fertilizers feature, and according to this hair After bright fertilizing method fertilising, the effective fringe of rice increases, and improves setting percentage, increases mass of 1000 kernel, effect of increasing production is obvious, rice Yield is up to 11000.0kg/hm2More than.
3) present invention replaces part chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer during rice-rape rotation using bio-feritlizer, raw Nutrition on the one hand object fertilizer is capable of providing rape and paddy growth needed for, on the other hand, bio-feritlizer are easier efficient by crop Absorb, and its be it is biodegradable, not will cause in the soil without absorbed Residual Fertilizer soil quality deterioration, together When, the bio-feritlizer not being absorbed by crops enters water body with runoff, will not cause pollution of area source, has good Environmental Effect Benefit.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand, technical solution of the present invention is practiced, below with reference to specific The invention will be further described for embodiment, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
Whiterot fungi strain, photosynthetic bacteria strain and aspergillus niger strain used are in Microbiological Culture Collection in following embodiments The existing strain that administrative center is commercially available, is not related to the exploitation of novel bacterial, pertains only to its application.Also, it is used in embodiment Whiterot fungi be specially China typical culture collection center deposit number be CCTCC NO.M2012252 bacterial strain；Photosynthetic bacteria Specially China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center's deposit number be CGMCC No.6085 bacterium Strain；Aspergillus niger is specially that China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center's deposit number is CGMCC The bacterial strain of No.7600；
White rot fermented liquid, photosynthetic fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution are obtained using conventional method culture in embodiment It arrives, EM bacteria agent is bought from Shandong Jun De Biotechnology Co., Ltd；50% carbendazim used is the mass percent of carbendazim The carbendazol wettable powder that concentration is 50% is bought from Weihai Hanfu Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.；In various embodiments of the present invention The test method is unless otherwise specified conventional method, other are raw materials used unless otherwise specified, is conventional reagent.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, by rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting is complete, and rice straw is uniformly laid on and has been gathered in On the field of rice, field ponding is discharged in laying depth 5-10cm or so after rice straw is saturated with water, then toward rice straw On be uniformly spilled into straw decomposing inoculant, come into full contact with it with rice straw；The amount of being spilled into of straw decomposing inoculant is 3kg/ mus；
Wherein, straw decomposing inoculant is by white rot fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution according to 2：1 mass ratio mixes, and Living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in straw decomposing inoculant9-1.0×1011cfu/g；Whiterot fungi and aspergillus niger are used cooperatively, Neng Gougao Effect quickly decomposites the microelements such as a great number of elements and calcium, magnesium, molybdenum such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in rice straw to come, for plant growth It is required；
Step 2, after being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant 15 days, field is turned over, is smooth, be then exposed to the sun 8 days；It is exposed to the sun to finish and be thrown toward Tanaka Adding base fertilizer compound fertilizer, dosage is 200kg/ mus, it is equivalent in conventional fertilization method and once adds for 1000kg/ mus or more, Chemical fertilizer investment is saved, this is because being capable of providing a part of efficient biofertilizer after rice straw is decomposed for plant growth needs；
It is turned over again after adding, is smooth, planting rape to start when mid-September；
Wherein, N-P in base fertilizer compound fertilizer2O5-K2O nutrient content is 20-15-10；
Step 3, after rapeseed cultivation, early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, and applied amount is 28kg/ mus；The winter is combined by the end of December Filling imposes urea, and the amount of imposing is 10kg/ mus；It turns green and imposes urea after bolting again, the amount of imposing is 8kg/ mus；
Wherein, special fertilizer for cole is composed of the following parts by weight：30 parts of urea, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, potassium fulvate 20 parts, 4 parts of borax, 20 parts of Eichhornia crassipes tunning, 30 parts of vinous fermentation vinasse；
It should be noted that the elements such as Eichhornia crassipes N P and K rich in, and also contain plant growth institute in Eichhornia crassipes The growth hormone needed can release after fermentation, for plant growth；
Step 4, rape stalk is ground into after the section shape of 3-5cm also by the first tenday period of a month in May harvesting rape, rape after gathering in Field, and the straw decomposing inoculant is added, dosage is 5kg/ mus；Field is turned over after adding, rape stalk is made to be embedded in farming In layer；Due to Rapeseed Field be dry land, rape stalk is decomposed to be not easy, thus cut off, turn over be embedded to arable layer in can Temperature and humidity condition needed for providing microbial fermentation, is conducive to its quick composting；
Step 5, after 20 days, field is turned over again, is smooth, being sprinkled into microbial manure in Tanaka before turning over, the amount of being sprinkled into is 50kg/ mus, after turning over plus water, so that water surface height is unearthed face 12cm, be inserted into rice seedling；
Wherein, microbial manure is composed of the following parts by weight：20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, EM bacteria agent 3 parts, 3 parts of lentinan；
Step 6, paddy growth initial stage sprayed medicine fertilizer every 10 days on blade；
Medicine fertilizer is that living bacteria count is 1.0 × 108-1.0×1010The photosynthetic fermented liquid of cfu/g is pressed with 50% carbendazim According to 1：500 times of dilution obtains after 1 mass ratio mixing；Photosynthetic bacteria can promote the generation of plant chlorophyll, and then promote to plant Object growth, carbendazim can be conducive to its healthy growth to blade sterilization and disinsection；
Step 7, the additional microbial manure is until rice is mature when pouring water every time, and the additional quantity of microbial manure is 30kg/ mus；
Step 8, late July rice harvesting, and by rice straw returning to the field, then repeat the above steps 1- step 7, carries out water Rice-rape recycles crop rotation.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, by rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting is complete, and rice straw is uniformly laid on and has been gathered in On the field of rice, field ponding is discharged after rice straw is saturated with water, then toward being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant on rice straw, and The amount of being spilled into of straw decomposing inoculant is 4kg/ mus；
Wherein, straw decomposing inoculant is by white rot fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution according to 2：1 mass ratio mixes, and Living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in straw decomposing inoculant9-1.0×1011cfu/g；
Step 2, after being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant 15 days, field is turned over, is smooth, be then exposed to the sun 10 days；It is exposed to the sun and finishes toward Tanaka Base fertilizer compound fertilizer is added, dosage is 300kg/ mus, turns over again after adding, is smooth, planting to start when mid-September Plant rape；
Wherein, N-P in base fertilizer compound fertilizer2O5-K2O nutrient content is 20-15-10；
Step 3, after rapeseed cultivation, early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, and applied amount is 30kg/ mus；The winter is combined by the end of December Filling imposes urea, and the amount of imposing is 15kg/ mus；It turns green and imposes urea after bolting again, the amount of imposing is 5kg/ mus；
Wherein, special fertilizer for cole is composed of the following parts by weight：40 parts of urea, 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, fulvic acid 15 parts of potassium, 3 parts of borax, 25 parts of Eichhornia crassipes tunning, 25 parts of vinous fermentation vinasse；
Step 4, rape stalk is ground into after the section shape of 3-5cm also by the first tenday period of a month in May harvesting rape, rape after gathering in Field, and the straw decomposing inoculant is added, dosage is 5kg/ mus；Field is turned over after adding, rape stalk is made to be embedded in farming In layer；
Step 5, after 20 days, field is turned over again, is smooth, being sprinkled into microbial manure in Tanaka before turning over, the amount of being sprinkled into is 100kg/ mus, after turning over plus water, so that water surface height is unearthed face 10cm, be inserted into rice seedling；
Wherein, the microbial manure is composed of the following parts by weight：25 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, EM 5 parts of microbial inoculum, 2 parts of lentinan；
Step 6, paddy growth initial stage sprayed medicine fertilizer every 15 days on blade；
Medicine fertilizer is that living bacteria count is 1.0 × 108-1.0×1010The photosynthetic fermented liquid of cfu/g is pressed with 50% carbendazim According to 1：500 times of dilution obtains after 1 mass ratio mixing；
Step 7, the additional microbial manure is until rice is mature when pouring water every time, and the additional quantity of microbial manure is 30kg/ mus；
Step 8, late July rice harvesting, and by rice straw returning to the field, then repeat the above steps 1- step 7, carries out water Rice-rape recycles crop rotation.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, by rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting is complete, and rice straw is uniformly laid on and has been gathered in On the field of rice, field ponding is discharged after rice straw is saturated with water, then toward being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant on rice straw, and The amount of being spilled into of straw decomposing inoculant is 5kg/ mus；
Wherein, straw decomposing inoculant is by white rot fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution according to 2：1 mass ratio mixes, and Living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in straw decomposing inoculant9-1.0×1011cfu/g；
Step 2, after being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant 15 days, field is turned over, is smooth, be then exposed to the sun 5 days；It is exposed to the sun to finish and be thrown toward Tanaka Add base fertilizer compound fertilizer, dosage is 250kg/ mus, turns over again after adding, is smooth, planting to start when mid-September Rape；
Wherein, N-P in base fertilizer compound fertilizer2O5-K2O nutrient content is 20-15-10；
Step 3, after rapeseed cultivation, early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, and applied amount is 25kg/ mus；The winter is combined by the end of December Filling imposes urea, and the amount of imposing is 12kg/ mus；It turns green and imposes urea after bolting again, the amount of imposing is 10kg/ mus；
Wherein, special fertilizer for cole is composed of the following parts by weight：35 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, potassium fulvate 18 parts, 5 parts of borax, 30 parts of Eichhornia crassipes tunning, 20 parts of vinous fermentation vinasse；
Step 4, rape stalk is ground into after the section shape of 3-5cm also by the first tenday period of a month in May harvesting rape, rape after gathering in Field, and the straw decomposing inoculant is added, dosage is 5kg/ mus；Field is turned over after adding, rape stalk is made to be embedded in farming In layer；
Step 5, after 20 days, field is turned over again, is smooth, being sprinkled into microbial manure in Tanaka before turning over, the amount of being sprinkled into is 80kg/ mus, after turning over plus water, so that water surface height is unearthed face 10cm, be inserted into rice seedling；
Wherein, microbial manure is composed of the following parts by weight：30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, EM bacterium 4 parts of agent, 1 part of lentinan；
Step 6, paddy growth initial stage sprayed medicine fertilizer every 12 days on blade；
Medicine fertilizer is that living bacteria count is 1.0 × 108-1.0×1010The photosynthetic fermented liquid of cfu/g is pressed with 50% carbendazim According to 1：500 times of dilution obtains after 1 mass ratio mixing；
Step 7, the additional microbial manure is until rice is mature when pouring water every time, and the additional quantity of microbial manure is 30kg/ mus；
Step 8, late July rice harvesting, and by rice straw returning to the field, then repeat the above steps 1- step 7, carries out water Rice-rape recycles crop rotation.
It should be noted that ploughed depth is 20-30cm in step 2, step 4 and step 5.
Explanation is needed further exist for, the preparation method of Eichhornia crassipes tunning is as follows：
It is charged with the vinous fermentation vinasse for being equivalent to Eichhornia crassipes weight 10% after Eichhornia crassipes is shredded, then exists It ferments 5-10 days at 35-40 DEG C, fermentation, which finishes, obtains Eichhornia crassipes tunning.
The rice of embodiment 1-3-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method has produced high yield rape and high-yield rice, utilizes The fertilizing method of embodiment 1-3 carries out pilot in the In Yujiang County, jiangxi Province port Deng Jia rice seed farm, and could be used without the water of fertilising Rice-rape rotation field is as blank control sample, using rice-rape rotation field of conventional fertilization method fertilising as habits fertilization Control sample compares come the rice-rape rotation field applied fertilizer with the fertilizing method of embodiment 1-3, wherein habits fertilization control Sample refers to each period in rape and paddy growth, is all made of conventional fertilization method and dose application compound fertilizer.
The rape and water that the fertilizing method of above-mentioned blank control sample and habits fertilization control sample and embodiment 1-3 compare The yield index result of rice is specifically shown in Tables 1 and 2.
1 yield of rape achievement data of table
As it can be seen from table 1 the rape that the fertilizing method of embodiment 1-3 is planted out is compared to blank sample and habits fertilization sample For, effective strain number of rape, single individual corner number, every seed number per pod, thousand grain numbers and grain yield dramatically increase, and effect of increasing production is bright It is aobvious, grain yield of rapeseed can be made to reach 3300kg/hm using fertilizing method of the invention2More than, effectively raise rape Yield.
2 rice yield achievement data of table
From the results shown in Table 2, the rice that the fertilizing method of embodiment 1-3 is planted out is compared to blank sample and habit It applies fertilizer for sample, the hectare spike number of rice, total grain panicle number, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel dramatically increase, and effect of increasing production is obvious, use Fertilizing method of the invention can make rice yield reach 11000.0kg/hm2More than, effectively raise rice yield.
Also the physical and chemical index and N,P use efficiency of soil after rice-rape rotation 1 year are detected in test, Wherein the measuring method of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency uses minusing, and calculation formula is as follows：
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(harvest yield-blank district harvest yield of the area the Shi Dan nitrogen) area ÷ Shi Dan amount of nitrogen × 100%,
Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency=(harvest yield-blank district harvest yield of the area the Shi Lin phosphorus) area ÷ Shi Lin phosphorus application amount × 100%；The area Qie Shidan and the area Shi Lin refer to rice-rape rotation area of embodiment 1-3 and habits fertilization.
Specific experiment process is as follows：It is sampled in rice and rape maturity period, each processing is averaged after sampling 10 plants of measurements Value, plant is separately weighed by Different Organs, dries, grind, and nitrogen is measured using Kjeldahl method in plant sample, and phosphorus uses molybdenum blue ratio Color method measurement determines and calculates determination data substitution above-mentioned formula after coming.Concrete outcome is shown in Table 3 and table 4.
Soil quality situation after 3 rice of table-rape rotation 1 year
From table 3 it can be seen that using the fertilizing method of embodiment 1-3, after rice-rape rotation 1 year, the physics and chemistry of soil Property compared with blank control sample and habits fertilization sample for, be greatly improved, the content of Nutrient Elements in Soil increases Add, fertility also greatly improves, and the soil weight is reduced, and the physicochemical property of soil is more preferable.
4 rice of table-rape rotation, 1 year nitrogen phosphorus use efficiency
Processing Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) Phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency (%)
Embodiment 1 45.8 21.3
Embodiment 2 47.2 20.6
Embodiment 3 46.5 20.8
Habits fertilization sample 23.8 14.8
From table 4, it can be seen that crop is high compared with habits fertilization sample to the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in embodiment 1-3.One As for, nitrogen P elements are not enough to maintain plant growth in soil, need in addition to apply enough compound fertilizers, and conventional at present Fertilizing method applies chemical fertilizer, and crop is relatively low to its absorption rate, and fertilizer a part that embodiment 1-3 applies is chemistry Fertilizer, another part are bio-feritlizer, on the one hand, the microorganism contained in bio-feritlizer can promote suction of the crop to nitrogen phosphorus It receives, meanwhile, microorganism can also improve Soil Micro-environment, increase the soil nitrogen, phosphorus, the content of potassium, and then increase soil fertility, Meet the needs of edaphon and plant growth.
It should be noted that involved in description of the invention when numberical range, it is thus understood that two of each numberical range Any one numerical value can be selected between endpoint and two endpoints, since the step method of use is identical as embodiment 1-3, be It prevents from repeating, the present invention describes preferred embodiment, and once a person skilled in the art knows substantially creative Concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.So it includes preferred that the following claims are intended to be interpreted as Embodiment and all change and modification for falling into the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1, by rice straw returning to the field after late July rice harvesting is complete, and rice straw is uniformly laid on and has gathered in rice Field on, field ponding is discharged after rice straw is saturated with water, then toward being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant on rice straw, and described The amount of being spilled into of straw decomposing inoculant is 3-5kg/ mus；
Wherein, the straw decomposing inoculant is by white rot fermented liquid and aspergillus niger culture solution according to 2：1 mass ratio mixes；
Step 2, after being spilled into straw decomposing inoculant 15 days, field is turned over, is smooth, is then exposed to the sun 5-10 days；It is exposed to the sun to finish and be thrown toward Tanaka Add base fertilizer compound fertilizer, dosage is 200-300kg/ mus, turns over again after adding, is smooth, to start when mid-September Plant rape；
Wherein, N-P in the base fertilizer compound fertilizer2O5-K2O nutrient content is 20-15-10；
Step 3, after rapeseed cultivation, early November imposes special fertilizer for cole, and applied amount is 25-30kg/ mus；Winter irrigation is combined by the end of December Urea is imposed, the amount of imposing is 10-15kg/ mus；It turns green and imposes urea after bolting again, the amount of imposing is 5-10kg/ mus；
Wherein, the special fertilizer for cole is composed of the following parts by weight：30-40 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, Huang Rotten acid 15-20 parts of potassium, 3-5 parts of borax, 20-30 parts of Eichhornia crassipes tunning, 20-30 parts of vinous fermentation vinasse；
Step 4, rape stalk is crushed returning to the field after rape harvesting, and adds the straw decomposing by the first tenday period of a month in May harvesting rape Agent, dosage are 5kg/ mus；Field is turned over after adding, is embedded in rape stalk in arable layer；
Step 5, after 20 days, field is turned over again, is smooth, being sprinkled into microbial manure in Tanaka before turning over, the amount of being sprinkled into is 50- 100kg/ mus, after turning over plus water, so that water surface height is unearthed face 10-15cm, be inserted into rice seedling；
Wherein, the microbial manure is composed of the following parts by weight：20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 3-5 parts of EM bacteria agent, 1-3 parts of lentinan；
Step 6, paddy growth initial stage sprayed medicine fertilizer every 10-15 days on blade；
The medicine fertilizer is photosynthetic fermented liquid and 50% carbendazim according to 1：500 times of dilution obtains after 1 mass ratio mixing；
Step 7, the additional microbial manure is until rice is mature when pouring water every time, and the additional quantity of microbial manure is 30kg/ mus；
Step 8, late July rice harvesting, and by rice straw returning to the field, then repeat the above steps 1- step 7, carries out rice- Rape recycles crop rotation.
2. rice according to claim 1-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that the step 2, step 4 And ploughed depth is 20-30cm in step 5.
3. rice according to claim 1-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that the straw decomposing inoculant Middle living bacteria count is 1.0 × 109-1.0×1011cfu/g。
4. rice according to claim 1-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that the Eichhornia crassipes fermentation The preparation method of product is as follows：
The vinous fermentation vinasse for being equivalent to Eichhornia crassipes weight 10% are charged with after Eichhornia crassipes is shredded, then in 35-40 It ferments 5-10 days at DEG C, fermentation, which finishes, obtains the Eichhornia crassipes tunning.
5. rice according to claim 1-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that rape in the step 4 Stalk is ground into returning to the field after the section shape of 3-5cm.
6. rice according to claim 1-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method, which is characterized in that the photosynthetic bacteria fermentation Living bacteria count is 1.0 × 10 in liquid8-1.0×1010cfu/g。
CN201810845506.0A 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 A kind of rice-rape rotation Efficient fertilization method Pending CN108848837A (en)

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CN109588236A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-09 天津市农作物研究所(天津市水稻研究所) A kind of rice crop rotation Efficient fertilization method
CN110603923A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-24 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil
CN116724840A (en) * 2023-06-28 2023-09-12 华中农业大学 Rice oil tanker annual straw returning fertilizer decrement fertilization method and application thereof

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CN107637448A (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-01-30 天长市高新技术创业服务中心 A kind of rice, rape rotation method
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CN104945083A (en) * 2015-05-06 2015-09-30 肥西县农业技术推广中心 Modified straw fertilizer capable of improving soil structure and preparation method thereof
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CN109588236A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-09 天津市农作物研究所(天津市水稻研究所) A kind of rice crop rotation Efficient fertilization method
CN110603923A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-24 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil
CN116724840A (en) * 2023-06-28 2023-09-12 华中农业大学 Rice oil tanker annual straw returning fertilizer decrement fertilization method and application thereof

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