CN108830759A - Subject knowledge description method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a disciplinary knowledge description method, which is used for carrying out hierarchical arrangement on knowledge objects, carrying out ID assignment on the knowledge objects according to different hierarchical relations and determining a directional association chain between knowledge units by adopting a supporting relation and a supported relation. The method comprises the steps of setting a description unit and a test unit for knowledge objects, connecting knowledge objects of the same level and different levels by using each description unit and each test unit, assigning values to the importance, knowledge quantity and knowledge types of related knowledge objects, and finally generating a multi-level and multi-dimensional directed knowledge map according to a knowledge object attribute file, so that the attributes of relevance, hierarchy, importance and the like of the knowledge objects are clearly and completely described, guidance can be provided for a user to select a learning path in the learning process, and the learning efficiency and the learning achievement degree are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to knowledge representation, knowledge navigation technical field, in particular to a kind of subject knowledge describes method.
Background technique
Subject knowledge object is the knowledge network being made of the knowledge point that is largely mutually related.In existing mode of learning
On, network on-line study expresses knowledge pair in the way of computer technology and Knowledge Map in occupation of increasingly consequence
On the one hand the attributes such as hierarchy, relevance and the importance of elephant can carry out system building and intuitive presentation, separately to education resource
On the one hand facilitate system or user selects suitable learning path, and then improve learning efficiency.
A kind of expression of subject knowledge and description method are disclosed in Chinese patent CN105426967, for subject knowledge pair
As comprehensively considering the factors such as hierarchical relationship, incidence relation, knowledge type and knowledge information amount, combination four elements expression is innovative
The description and expression of a kind of similar map are established in ground.However, the subject knowledge that the patent is proposed describes method, it is intended to
Integrality description to Object of Knowledge, states the hierarchy, relevance, importance of Object of Knowledge etc. attribute and does not know,
The learning path selection for being difficult for user provides guidance.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of subject knowledges to describe method, and concrete scheme is as follows：
A kind of subject knowledge describes method, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：
Membership between S1, the Object of Knowledge for being included according to subject knowledge to be described, is divided into X level, X
=1,2,3 ... N.Each X level includes one or several Object of Knowledge, and each Object of Knowledge includes that a description is single
Member, several X grades of blocks of knowledge and a test cell.The Object of Knowledge of X=1 level is entire subject knowledge, and referred to as father knows
Know object, X is greater than some X-1 level knowledge list that the X level Object of Knowledge of 1 level is in some X-1 level Object of Knowledge
Member, referred to as the succession knowledge of X-1 level Object of Knowledge.The description unit, blocks of knowledge and test cell of each level are carried out
Unique ID assignment, and Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file is formed, wherein ID value contains attribute value, hierarchical value and sequence
Value；
S2, Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file is transferred, to the X grade blocks of knowledge for being included in same Object of Knowledge
Mutual supporting relation is confirmed, is marked the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relationship, and is saved into knowledge
In object, blocks of knowledge supporting relation storage file is formed；Wherein being supported relationship includes playing support to current knowledge unit
The blocks of knowledge ID value of effect and it is supported relationship assignment, supporting relation includes the blocks of knowledge supported by current knowledge unit
ID value and supporting relation assignment；
S3, supporting relation storage file is transferred, obtain the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relation data, root
The oriented association chain between blocks of knowledge is formed according to support direction；Obtain all blocks of knowledge positioned at the oriented association start of chain
Labeled as head end blocks of knowledge；All blocks of knowledge positioned at the oriented association chain end are obtained labeled as end knowledge list
Member；Each description unit learns entrance labeled as Object of Knowledge, and each test cell learns labeled as Object of Knowledge
Outlet, forms oriented incidence relation storage file；
S4, oriented incidence relation storage file is transferred, the description unit in same Object of Knowledge and head end blocks of knowledge phase
It connects, end blocks of knowledge is connected with test cell in same Object of Knowledge, all in the Object of Knowledge will have support
The test cell and the description unit phase of all next level Object of Knowledge being supported by it of next level Object of Knowledge of effect
It connects, oriented incidence relation storage file in forming layer；
S5, oriented incidence relation storage file in layer is transferred, the succession that acquisition is under the jurisdiction of same X-1 level Object of Knowledge is known
Know X level Object of Knowledge, judges whether the X grade blocks of knowledge for including in the X level Object of Knowledge has knowledge X+1 layers of succession
Grade Object of Knowledge, when judging result is "Yes", the X level for obtaining the X level Object of Knowledge describes unit and X hierarchial test
Unit, all X level head end blocks of knowledge and all X level end blocks of knowledge；And it obtains each X level head end and knows
The X+1 level head end for knowing unit (i.e. X+1 level head end Object of Knowledge) describes unit and each X level end knowledge list
The X+1 level tag end test unit of first (i.e. X+1 level end Object of Knowledge)；X level in the X level Object of Knowledge is retouched
It states unit and describes unit with the X+1 level head end and be connected；By the X hierarchial test unit in the X level Object of Knowledge
It is connected with the X+1 level tag end test unit, forms the oriented incidence relation of interlayer, formed and updates Object of Knowledge attribute text
Part.
Description method provided by the invention to subject knowledge carries out layering setting to Object of Knowledge, X grades of blocks of knowledge with
Corresponding X+1 grades of Object of Knowledge meaning is identical, and title can be interchanged；ID assignment is carried out to Object of Knowledge according to inheritance, is adopted
Determine that the aeoplotropism of each blocks of knowledge is associated with chain with the relationship of being supported with supporting relation, each Object of Knowledge is respectively provided with one and retouches
Unit and a test cell are stated, and utilizes each description unit and test cell by same level or the knowledge of different levels
Object is attached, and finally according to Object of Knowledge property file, is generated multi-level oriented Knowledge Map, is completely described not
With hierarchy, aeoplotropism and the relevance between blocks of knowledge, reasonable learning path guidance can be provided for user.
Further, the mutual supporting relation for the X grade blocks of knowledge for being included in same Object of Knowledge is confirmed, and
It marks the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relationship, specially：As X=N, the supporting relation is that association is current
Blocks of knowledge is the necessary condition for learning the blocks of knowledge supported by current knowledge unit；As X ≠ N, the supporting relation
It is association by current knowledge unit institute to learn X+1 grades of blocks of knowledge included in the succession knowledge of β current knowledge unit
The necessary condition of the blocks of knowledge of support.
Further, the supporting relation further includes support coefficient η, as X=N, and when between X grade blocks of knowledge with phase
When mutual supporting relation, support coefficient η=1 for the blocks of knowledge played a supporting role；As X ≠ N, η=beta/alpha, wherein α is
The number of X+1 grades of blocks of knowledge included in succession knowledge to the blocks of knowledge of supporting role.
It include support coefficient in supporting relation, the clearer support situation quantified between blocks of knowledge is convenient for user
Or system carries out the selection of learning path.
Further, the method also includes following steps：
S6, blocks of knowledge property file is transferred, the importance degree assignment of each X grades of blocks of knowledge is calculated, more new knowledge
Know object properties file.Importance degree assignment is increased to the description attribute of subject knowledge, it is further to improve user's study
The convenience of Path selection, improves learning efficiency.
Preferably, wherein the significance level assignment includes corresponding X grades of blocks of knowledge in the Object of Knowledge belonging to it
Importance degree Ii。IiAccording to preset formula by expert's assignment numerical value Ii,1With it to other X grades of knowledge list in affiliated Object of Knowledge
The supporting relation I of memberi,2It is computed acquisition.
Preferably, Ii=max (Ii,1,Ii,2),Ii,2=max (Ii,21,Ii,22,L,
Ii,2m), wherein Ii,1qThe assignment of importance degree for expert to X grades of blocks of knowledge in Object of Knowledge belonging to it, n is special
Family's number, Ii,1,maxFor the maximum value of expert's assignment, Ii,1,minFor the minimum value of expert's assignment；Ii,2mIt is current knowledge unit to institute
State the support coefficient of other m X grades of blocks of knowledge Object of Knowledge Nei.
By the importance of two angle reasonable consideration blocks of knowledge of above-mentioned expert's assignment and supporting relation, the weight of knowledge is enabled
The property wanted assigning degrees are more reasonable, improve the accuracy of knowledge description.
It is further preferred that the significance level assignment further includes corresponding X grades of blocks of knowledge in entire subject as X ≠ 1
Importance value I in knowledgei,u。
Further, the method also includes following steps：
S7, Object of Knowledge property file is transferred, for each blocks of knowledge, obtains all users for grasping the blocks of knowledge
Learn time T required for the blocks of knowledge.The knowledge numerical quantity that the blocks of knowledge is generated according to preset formula, is stored in knowledge
In object, Object of Knowledge property file is updated.
Further, when degree of reaching γ of the user to corresponding blocks of knowledge is greater than preset threshold μ, relative users are marked
For the user for grasping the blocks of knowledge, wherein degree of reaching γ=Ax/Am, wherein AmFor in the Object of Knowledge of corresponding blocks of knowledge place
The test gross score of test cell, AxIt is active user test cell is tested in Object of Knowledge where corresponding blocks of knowledge
Score.
Knowledge quantity attribute is increased to each blocks of knowledge, facilitates user reasonable distribution learning time and essence in learning process
Power, the subject knowledge obtained by foregoing description method have stronger practicability.
Further, the method also includes following steps：
S8, Object of Knowledge property file is obtained, the N grade blocks of knowledge of X=N level is transferred, to all N grades of blocks of knowledge
Knowledge type carries out assignment, and wherein knowledge type includes concept class, principle class, method class, true class, viewpoint class and example class,
It saves and updates Object of Knowledge property file.
Subject knowledge provided by the invention describes method, by the way that the hierarchical relationship of Object of Knowledge, setting description is rationally arranged
Unit learns entrance as Object of Knowledge, and test cell learns to export, establishes peer using supporting relation and know as Object of Knowledge
The directed connection for knowing object, establishes adjacent layer using the description unit of head end Object of Knowledge and the test cell of end Object of Knowledge
Grade Object of Knowledge directed connection ultimately forms a various dimensions, multi-level oriented knowledge network, clearly describes difference and know
Know relevance, the hierarchy, importance between unit.The Knowledge Map obtained using description method provided by the invention,
User can be helped reasonably to select learning path, improved learning efficiency and degree of reaching.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.It is clear that drawings discussed below is only the present invention
Embodiment without creative efforts, can also be according to mentioning for high-tech personnel common for this field
The attached drawing of confession obtains other accompanying drawings.
The subject knowledge of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 describes method flow schematic diagram；
The Z of Fig. 2 embodiment 111Three-level supporting relation connection schematic diagram；
The Z of Fig. 3 embodiment 111Interior each blocks of knowledge between oriented association chain schematic diagram；
The Z of Fig. 4 embodiment 11Second level supporting relation connection schematic diagram；
The Z of Fig. 5 embodiment 11Oriented association chain schematic diagram between interior each blocks of knowledge；
The one level of support relationship connection schematic diagram of the subject knowledge U of Fig. 6 embodiment 1；
Oriented association chain schematic diagram in the subject knowledge U of Fig. 7 embodiment 1 between each blocks of knowledge.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description.Obviously, the embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of subject knowledge describes method, as shown in Figure 1, including the following steps：
Membership between S1, the Object of Knowledge for being included according to subject knowledge to be described, is divided into X level, really
Determine the ID value of hierarchical relationship and Object of Knowledge, and form Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file, wherein ID value contains attribute
Value, hierarchical value and sequence valve；
As illustrative, the present embodiment sets up three hierarchical relationships, and it includes father's knowledge that when X=1, which is the first level,
Object U, U include a description cell Su, N number of level-one blocks of knowledge ZiWith a test cell Fu；It is the second level when X=2,
Comprising N number of second level Object of Knowledge, i.e., each corresponding level-one blocks of knowledge Z of second level Object of Knowledgei, each second level Object of Knowledge
ZiIt include one to ZiThe description cell S being describedZi, a test cell FZiAnd M second level blocks of knowledge Zij；X=3
When be third level, include M three-level Object of Knowledge, i.e. one second level blocks of knowledge Z of each three-level Object of Knowledge correspondenceij, often
A three-level blocks of knowledge ZijIt include one to ZijThe description unit being describedOne test cellWith P three-level
Blocks of knowledgeAccording to the attribute value of different knowledge, that is, attribute, blocks of knowledge attribute and testing attribute described, hierarchical value and suitable
Sequence value is set, it can obtains Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file.
As illustrative, in the present embodiment minimum unit of the three-level blocks of knowledge as subject knowledge, no longer include
Unit and test cell are described.
Be further used as it is exemplary, can be set description attribute be 001, blocks of knowledge attribute is 002, testing attribute is
003；Father's Object of Knowledge U can be subject entirety overview, and N number of level-one blocks of knowledge is N number of chapters and sections, two integer tables of each level
It reaches, then level-one blocks of knowledge is Z01、Z02And so on；Each level-one blocks of knowledge from the angle of the second level be second level
Object of Knowledge, Z02It is S that the second level for being included, which describes unit,z02；Test cell is Fz02, second level blocks of knowledge is Z0201、Z0202And
And so on；Each second level blocks of knowledge from the angle of third level be a three-level Object of Knowledge, Z020204As Z02This
The 02nd second level blocks of knowledge includes the 04th succession knowledge three-level blocks of knowledge below level-one blocks of knowledge.
S2, Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file is transferred, to the X grade blocks of knowledge for being included in same Object of Knowledge
Mutual supporting relation is confirmed, and is marked the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and be supported relationship, and knowledge is saved into
In object, blocks of knowledge supporting relation storage file is formed.Wherein being supported relationship includes playing support to current knowledge unit
The blocks of knowledge ID value of effect and it is supported relationship assignment, supporting relation includes the blocks of knowledge supported by current knowledge unit
ID value and supporting relation assignment；
As illustrative, for a blocks of knowledge analyze respectively its to be under the jurisdiction of in same Object of Knowledge other know
Know the supporting relation of unit；When blocks of knowledge A plays a supporting role to blocks of knowledge B, blocks of knowledge B is to blocks of knowledge C and knows
Know cells D to play a supporting role, when blocks of knowledge D plays a supporting role to blocks of knowledge E, then marks the supporting relation of A to be
B01；The support of B and be supported relationship be C01, D01 and A02；The support that relationship is B02, D that is supported of C is supported relationship and is
B02, E01；E is D02；Wherein 01 indicate supporting relation assignment, 02 indicates to be supported relationship assignment.
S3, supporting relation storage file is transferred, obtain the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relation data, root
The oriented association chain between blocks of knowledge is formed according to support direction；Obtain all blocks of knowledge positioned at the oriented association start of chain
Labeled as head end blocks of knowledge；All blocks of knowledge positioned at the oriented association chain end are obtained labeled as end knowledge list
Member；Each description unit learns entrance labeled as Object of Knowledge, and each test cell learns labeled as Object of Knowledge
Outlet, forms oriented incidence relation storage file；
S4, oriented incidence relation storage file is transferred, the description unit in same Object of Knowledge and head end blocks of knowledge phase
It connects, end blocks of knowledge is connected with test cell in same Object of Knowledge, all in the Object of Knowledge will have support
The test cell and the description unit phase of all next level Object of Knowledge being supported by it of next level Object of Knowledge of effect
It connects, oriented incidence relation storage file in forming layer；
It is worth noting that description unit, the blocks of knowledge in same Object of Knowledge are connected with test cell, guarantee
All knowledge contents in same layer are respectively positioned in same association chain, realize continuity of the knowledge in same level.Due to branch
The aeoplotropism of support relationship will form oriented association chain between the blocks of knowledge being under the jurisdiction of in the same Object of Knowledge of X+1 level,
The head end blocks of knowledge for being associated with chain only has supporting relation without relationship is supported in same level, is supported relationship in X
Level, which is supported in relationship, to be embodied；Similarly, the end blocks of knowledge for being associated with chain only has in same level is supported relationship
And without supporting relation, supporting relation embodies in the supporting relation of X level Object of Knowledge.
As three hierarchical relationships illustrative, that the present embodiment is set up, supporting relation is defined respectively：
(1) three-level supporting relation, to some second level blocks of knowledge ZijAll three-level blocks of knowledgeDefine three-level supporting relation：Preferably, branch of the so-called three-level blocks of knowledge A to three-level blocks of knowledge B
Support relationship refers to that under normal circumstances association A is the necessary condition for learning B, such as understanding number 1,2,3..., 10 is study 10
Within addition necessary condition, i.e., the former supporting relation is constituted to the latter, this supporting relation can be obtained by expertise.
Each three-level blocks of knowledge can be formed into oriented structure chart according to this supporting relation, it is assumed for example that second level blocks of knowledge Z11Have
5 three-level blocks of knowledgeIts supporting relation is：It is right
Supporting relation is constituted,It is associationNecessary condition,It is rightSupporting relation is constituted, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show, whereinFor head end blocks of knowledge, with S11It is connected, S11As knowledge entrance, it is directed toward head end blocks of knowledge；For end
Blocks of knowledge is held, with F11It is connected, F11It is exported as knowledge, is directed toward the description unit of other Object of Knowledge, then subject knowledge U
Z11Three-level supporting relation oriented association chain it is as shown in Figure 3.
(2) second level supporting relation, to some level-one blocks of knowledge ZiSecond level blocks of knowledge Zi1, Zi2, Zi3∧Zij, fixed
Adopted second level supporting relation：Preferably, so-called second level blocks of knowledge A refers to ordinary circumstance to the supporting relation of second level blocks of knowledge B
Under, learning several three-level blocks of knowledge in A is the necessary condition for learning B.It can be by second level knowledge according to this supporting relation
The test cell of unit A and the description unit of second level blocks of knowledge B are attached, and constitute the oriented structure of second level blocks of knowledge
Figure, it is assumed for example that level-one blocks of knowledge has Z1There are 5 second level blocks of knowledge Z11、Z12、Z13、Z14、Z15, supporting relation is：Z11
To Z12Supporting relation is constituted, Z is learned12It is association Z13Necessary condition, Z13To Z14、Z15Constitute supporting relation, Z14To Z15It constitutes
Supporting relation, the then Z of subject knowledge U1Second level supporting relation it is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
(3) one level of support relationship, to all level-one blocks of knowledge Z of subject knowledge U1, Z2, Z3∧Zn, define one level of support
Relationship：Preferably, so-called level-one blocks of knowledge A refers under normal circumstances to the supporting relation of level-one blocks of knowledge B, learns A's
Several second level blocks of knowledge are the necessary conditions for learning B, can be by the test list of level-one blocks of knowledge A according to this supporting relation
Member and the description unit of B are attached, and constitute the oriented structure chart of level-one blocks of knowledge.Such as assume there is subject knowledge U there are 5
Level-one blocks of knowledge Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5, supporting relation is：Z1To Z2Constitute supporting relation, Z2To Z3、Z4Support is constituted to close
System, Z3To Z4Supporting relation is constituted, Z is learned4It is association Z5Necessary condition, then one level of support relationship such as Fig. 6 of subject knowledge U
It is shown.
S5, oriented incidence relation storage file in layer is transferred, the succession that acquisition is under the jurisdiction of same X-1 level Object of Knowledge is known
Know X level Object of Knowledge, judges whether the X grade blocks of knowledge for including in the X level Object of Knowledge has knowledge X+1 layers of succession
Grade Object of Knowledge, when judging result is "Yes", the X level for obtaining the X level Object of Knowledge describes unit and X hierarchial test
Unit, all X level head end blocks of knowledge and all X level end blocks of knowledge；And it obtains each X level head end and knows
The X+1 level head end for knowing unit (i.e. X+1 level head end Object of Knowledge) describes unit and each X level end knowledge list
The X+1 level tag end test unit of first (i.e. X+1 level end Object of Knowledge)；X level in the X level Object of Knowledge is retouched
It states unit and describes unit with the X+1 level head end and be connected；By the X hierarchial test unit in the X level Object of Knowledge
It is connected with the X+1 level tag end test unit, forms the oriented incidence relation of interlayer, formed and updates Object of Knowledge attribute text
Part.
It is worth noting that after knowledge has continuity in same level, need to the concrete knowledge of cross-layer grade into
The further association of row, such as Fig. 7 form comprising the acquainted network structure of institute in entire subject knowledge, are known according to difference
All blocks of knowledge can be attached by the ID value and supporting relation value for knowing unit by description unit and test cell, shape
At multi-level oriented Knowledge Map, facilitate effective study of user.
Embodiment 2
Subject knowledge provided by the present embodiment describes method, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, it further limits, it is described
Supporting relation further includes support coefficient η, as X=N, when having mutual supporting relation between X grades of blocks of knowledge, plays support and makees
Support coefficient η=1 of blocks of knowledge；As X ≠ N, η=beta/alpha, wherein α be the blocks of knowledge played a supporting role after
Hold the number of X+1 included in knowledge grades of blocks of knowledge.
As illustrative, the present embodiment sets up three hierarchical relationships, defines supporting relation coefficient：
(1) three-level support coefficient：If defining support coefficient is there are supporting relation between two three-level blocks of knowledge
1, supporting relation if it does not exist, then defining support coefficient is 0.
(2) second level support coefficient, it is assumed that second level blocks of knowledge A has α2A three-level blocks of knowledge, wherein there is β in A2It is a
Three-level blocks of knowledge is the necessary condition for learning B, then the support coefficient for defining A to B is：
(3) one level of support coefficient：Assuming that level-one blocks of knowledge A has α1A second level blocks of knowledge, wherein there is β in A1It is a
Second level blocks of knowledge is the necessary condition for learning B, then the support coefficient for defining A to B is：
Embodiment 3
Subject knowledge provided by the present embodiment describes method, is with the difference of embodiment 2, further limits, for learning
The description of section's knowledge further relates to importance index, and it further includes following steps that subject knowledge, which describes method,：
S6, blocks of knowledge property file is transferred, significance level assignment meter is carried out to the importance of each X grades of blocks of knowledge
It calculates, updates Object of Knowledge property file.
Preferably, the significance level assignment includes Object of Knowledge of the corresponding X grades of blocks of knowledge belonging to it to the present embodiment
Interior importance degree Ii, IiAccording to preset formula by expert's assignment numerical value Ii,1Other X grades in affiliated Object of Knowledge is known with it
Know the support coefficient I of uniti,2It is computed acquisition.
It is worth noting that IiAccording to the ID of different levels blocks of knowledge there is different expressions to deform, wherein i only conduct
The explanation of different blocks of knowledge marks.
As illustrative, the present embodiment sets up three hierarchical relationships, as follows to the example of important assigning degrees：
(1) importance degree of level-one blocks of knowledge；
To each level-one blocks of knowledge Zi, assignment is carried out to its importance degree in U, assignment rule is as follows：It is first
First it is directed to level-one blocks of knowledge Zi, ten importance rates 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1 are set,
Consider that n (n >=3) a expert carries out assignment to it and obtains Ii,11,Ii,12,L,Ii,1n, define maximum value and minimum value therein：
Ii,1,max=max (Ii,11,Ii,12,L,Ii,1n),Ii,1,min=min (Ii,11,Ii,12,L,Ii,1n)
Then expert is to ZiImportance degree be assigned a value of：
Then it is set according to support situation of this level-one blocks of knowledge to other level-one blocks of knowledge, considers level-one knowledge list
First ZiThere is supporting relation to other m level-one blocks of knowledge, support coefficient is respectively Ii,21,Ii,22,L,Ii,2m, then closed according to support
It is that obtained importance degree is：
Ii,2=max (Ii,21,Ii,22,L,Ii,2m)
According to two importance degrees above, acquiring this importance degree of level-one blocks of knowledge in U is：
Ii=max (Ii,1,Ii,2)
(2) importance degree of second level blocks of knowledge
Consider level-one blocks of knowledge ZiAll second level blocks of knowledge Zi1, Zi2, Zi3∧Zij, to it in ZiIn importance
Degree carries out assignment, and assignment rule is as follows：First against second level blocks of knowledge Zij, set ten grades 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,
0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1, consider that n (n >=3) a expert carries out assignment to it and obtains Iij,11,Iij,12,L,Iij,1n, definition
Maximum value and minimum value therein：
Iij,1,max=max (Iij,11,Iij,12,L,Iij,1n),Iij,1,min=min (Iij,11,Iij,12,L,Iij,1n)
Then expert is to importance assigning degrees：
Then it is set according to support situation of this second level blocks of knowledge to other second level blocks of knowledge, considers second level knowledge list
First ZijThere is supporting relation to other m second level blocks of knowledge, support coefficient is respectively Iij,21,Iij,22,L,Iij,2m, then according to support
The importance degree that relationship obtains is：
Iij,2=max (Iij,21,Iij,22,L,Iij,2m)
According to two importance degrees above, this second level blocks of knowledge Z is acquiredijIn ZiImportance degree be：
Iij=max (Iij,1,Iij,2)
It may further obtain：
Iij,U=Ii*Iij
By all Ii1,U,Ii2,U,L,It is normalized, obtains ZiIn weight of all second level knowledge points in U
The property wanted degree.
(3) importance degree of three-level blocks of knowledge
Consider second level blocks of knowledge ZijAll three-level blocks of knowledge Zij1, Zij2, Zij3∧Zijh, to it in ZijIn weight
The property wanted degree carries out assignment, and assignment rule is as follows：First against three-level blocks of knowledge Zijh, set ten grades 0.1,0.2,
0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1, consider that n (n >=3) a expert carries out assignment to it and obtains Iijk,11,Iijk,12,L,
Iijk,1n, define maximum value and minimum value therein：
Iijk,1,max=max (Iijk,11,Iijk,12,L,Iijk,1n),Iijk,1,min=min (Iijk,11,Iijk,12,L,Iijk,1n)
Then expert is to importance assigning degrees：
Then it is set according to support situation of this three-level blocks of knowledge to other three-level blocks of knowledge, considers three-level knowledge list
First ZijhThere is supporting relation to other m three-level blocks of knowledge, support coefficient is respectively Iijk,21,Iijk,22,L,Iijk,2m, then according to branch
The importance degree that support relationship obtains is：
Iijk,2=max (Iijk,21,Iijk,22,L,Iijk,2m)
According to two importance degrees above, this three-level blocks of knowledge is acquired in second level blocks of knowledge JijImportance journey
Degree：
Iijk=max (Iijk,1,Iijk,2)
Further, for ZiIn each three-level blocks of knowledge can obtain：
It willIt is normalized, obtains ZiIn all three-level blocks of knowledge exist
ZiIn importance degree.
Similarly, by
By Iijk,U, i=1, L, N, j=1, L, Mj, k=1, L,And it is normalized, available all three
Importance degree of the grade blocks of knowledge in U.
Embodiment 4
Subject knowledge provided by the present embodiment describes method, the difference from embodiment 1 is that, the present embodiment further limits
Fixed further includes knowledge quantity factor to subject knowledge description, and specifically, it further includes following steps that subject knowledge, which describes method,：
S7, Object of Knowledge property file is transferred, for each blocks of knowledge, obtains all users for grasping the blocks of knowledge
The corresponding blocks of knowledge of study required for time T, the knowledge numerical quantity of the blocks of knowledge is generated according to preset formula, is stored in
In Object of Knowledge, Object of Knowledge property file is updated.
Further instruction, the definition for grasping the user of the blocks of knowledge are：When user reaches corresponding blocks of knowledge
When spending γ greater than preset threshold μ, label relative users are to grasp the user of the blocks of knowledge, wherein degree of reaching γ=Ax/Am,
Middle AmFor the test gross score of test cell in the Object of Knowledge of corresponding blocks of knowledge place, AxIt is active user in corresponding knowledge list
The test goals for of test cell in first place Object of Knowledge.
When user is when learning a certain subject knowledge, into next blocks of knowledge after testing each blocks of knowledge
Study, the result of test will affect the label of user, when the achievement of user's test reaches certain threshold value, illustrate that it has grasped this
Blocks of knowledge, different blocks of knowledge have the different tests passed through, and same user has different tests to different blocks of knowledge
Achievement, thus it is different for different blocks of knowledge user's marks.
The knowledge quantity of the present embodiment is described by the learning time of user, and user's learning time is longer, illustrates the knowledge
The knowledge quantity of unit is higher, and any method that knowledge quantity is described by learning time may be embodied in the present embodiment.
As exemplary, the calculating of knowledge quantity is as follows：
(1) knowledge quantity of second level blocks of knowledge
The degree of reaching of second level blocks of knowledge：Pass through second level blocks of knowledge ZijIn test cell FzijStudent is tested,
Its achievement and the ratio r of test gross score are the student to ZijThe degree of reaching of study.
The knowledge quantity of second level blocks of knowledge：Assuming that there is n student to second level blocks of knowledge ZijLearnt, and is carried out
Test, records learning time and the test result of this n student.Set grasp the second level blocks of knowledge degree of reaching threshold value as
μij(0.6≤μij≤ 1), i.e., the degree of reaching of certain student is not less than μij, then show the students blocks of knowledge.If there is m
The students blocks of knowledge, corresponding learning time is respectively Tij,1,Tij,2,L Tij,m, then second level blocks of knowledge Zij
Knowledge quantity be defined as：
Tij,min=min (Tij,1,Tij,2,L,Tij,m),Tij,max=max (Tij,1,Tij,2,L,Tij,m)
(2) knowledge quantity of level-one blocks of knowledge
The degree of reaching of level-one blocks of knowledge：Pass through level-one blocks of knowledge ZiIn test cell FZiStudent is tested,
The ratio of its achievement and test gross score is the student to ZiThe degree of reaching of study.
The knowledge quantity of level-one blocks of knowledge：Consider level-one blocks of knowledge ZiAll MiA second level blocks of knowledge Zi1, Zi2, Zi3
∧Zij, corresponding knowledge quantity uses respectivelyIt indicates.On the other hand, it is assumed that have n student to level-one knowledge
Unit ZiLearnt, and be tested, records learning time and the test result of this n student.Setting is grasped should
Degree of the reaching threshold value of level-one blocks of knowledge is μi(0.6≤μi≤ 1), i.e., the degree of reaching of certain student is not less than μi, then show the student
The blocks of knowledge is grasped.If there is m students blocks of knowledge, corresponding learning time is respectively Ti,1,Ti,2,L
Ti,m, then level-one blocks of knowledge ZiKnowledge quantity be defined as：
Ti,min=min (Ti,1,Ti,2,L,Ti,m),Ti,max=max (Ti,1,Ti,2,L,Ti,m)
Wherein, λ1,λ2It is weight coefficient.
(3) knowledge quantity of subject knowledge
The degree of reaching of subject knowledge：Pass through test cell FuStudent is tested, achievement and the ratio for testing gross score
Value is the degree of reaching that the student learns U.
The knowledge quantity of subject knowledge：Consider all N number of level-one blocks of knowledge Z of subject knowledge U1,Z2,L,ZN, corresponding
Knowledge quantity is used respectivelyIt indicates.On the other hand, it is assumed that there is n student to learn subject knowledge U, and
It is tested, records learning time and the test result of student.Degree of the reaching threshold value for grasping the subject knowledge is set as μ
(0.6<μ≤1), i.e., the degree of reaching of certain student is not less than μ, then shows the students subject knowledge.If there is m student's palm
The subject knowledge is held, corresponding learning time is respectively T1,T2,L TM, then the knowledge quantity of subject knowledge U is defined as：
Tmin=min (T1,T2,L,Tm),Tmax=max (T1,T2,L,Tm)
Wherein, σ1,σ2It is weight coefficient.
Method is described to subject knowledge provided by the present invention above to be described in detail, it is used herein specifically a
Principle and implementation of the present invention are described for example, and each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, above
The elaboration of embodiment is merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention.It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art
Member for, without departing from the principle of the present invention, can with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention, these improve and
Modification also falls into the protection scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of subject knowledge describes method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Membership between S1, the Object of Knowledge for being included according to subject knowledge to be described, is divided into X level, X=1,
2,3 ... N.Each X level includes one or several Object of Knowledge, if each Object of Knowledge include a description unit,
Dry X grades of blocks of knowledge and a test cell；The Object of Knowledge of X=1 level is entire subject knowledge, referred to as father's knowledge pair
As；X claims greater than the corresponding X-1 level blocks of knowledge that the X level Object of Knowledge of 1 level is in corresponding X-1 level Object of Knowledge
For the succession knowledge of X-1 level Object of Knowledge；Unique ID is carried out to the description unit, blocks of knowledge and test cell of each level
Assignment, and Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file is formed, wherein ID value contains attribute value, hierarchical value and sequence valve；
S2, Object of Knowledge hierarchical relationship storage file is transferred, to the mutual of the X grade blocks of knowledge for being included in same Object of Knowledge
Supporting relation is confirmed, is marked the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relationship, and is saved into Object of Knowledge
In, form blocks of knowledge supporting relation storage file；Wherein being supported relationship includes playing a supporting role to current knowledge unit
Blocks of knowledge ID value and be supported relationship assignment, supporting relation includes the blocks of knowledge ID value supported by current knowledge unit
With supporting relation assignment；
S3, supporting relation storage file is transferred, obtain the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and is supported relation data, according to branch
Support the oriented association chain that direction is formed between blocks of knowledge；Obtain all blocks of knowledge labels positioned at the oriented association start of chain
For head end blocks of knowledge；All blocks of knowledge positioned at the oriented association chain end are obtained labeled as end blocks of knowledge；Often
A description unit learns entrance labeled as Object of Knowledge, and each test cell is exported labeled as Object of Knowledge study,
Form oriented incidence relation storage file；
S4, oriented incidence relation storage file is transferred, the description unit in same Object of Knowledge is connected with head end blocks of knowledge,
End blocks of knowledge is connected with test cell in same Object of Knowledge, will be all with supporting role in the Object of Knowledge
The test cell of next level Object of Knowledge is connected with the description unit of all next level Object of Knowledge being supported by it, shape
Oriented incidence relation storage file in stratification；
S5, oriented incidence relation storage file in layer is transferred, obtains the succession knowledge X for being under the jurisdiction of same X-1 level Object of Knowledge
Level Object of Knowledge judges whether the X grade blocks of knowledge for including in the X level Object of Knowledge has and inherits knowledge X+1 level
Object of Knowledge, when judging result is "Yes", the X level for obtaining the X level Object of Knowledge describes unit and X hierarchial test list
First, all X level head end blocks of knowledge and all X level end blocks of knowledge；And obtain each X level head end knowledge
The X+1 level head end of unit describes unit and the X+1 level tag end test unit of each X level end blocks of knowledge；It will
X level in the X level Object of Knowledge describes unit and describes unit with the X+1 level head end to be connected；It will be X layers described
X hierarchial test unit in grade Object of Knowledge is connected with the X+1 level tag end test unit, forms the oriented association of interlayer and closes
System, forms and updates Object of Knowledge property file.
2. subject knowledge as described in claim 1 describes method, which is characterized in that the X for being included in same Object of Knowledge
The mutual supporting relation of grade blocks of knowledge is confirmed, and is marked the supporting relation of each blocks of knowledge and be supported relationship, is had
Body is：As X=N, the supporting relation is the knowledge for learning to be supported by current knowledge unit for association's current knowledge unit
The necessary condition of unit；As X ≠ N, the supporting relation is to learn included in the succession knowledge of β current knowledge unit
X+1 grades of blocks of knowledge are the necessary conditions for learning the blocks of knowledge supported by current knowledge unit.
3. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 2 describes method, which is characterized in that the supporting relation further includes support coefficient
η, as X=N, when having mutual supporting relation between X grades of blocks of knowledge, the support coefficient for the blocks of knowledge played a supporting role
η=1；As X ≠ N, η=beta/alpha, wherein α is X+1 included in the succession knowledge for the blocks of knowledge played a supporting role grades
The number of blocks of knowledge.
4. subject knowledge as described in claim 1 describes method, which is characterized in that the method also includes following steps：
S6, blocks of knowledge property file is transferred, assignment, more new knowledge pair is carried out to the importance degree of each X grades of blocks of knowledge
As property file.
5. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 4 describes method, which is characterized in that the significance level assignment includes corresponding X
Importance degree I of the grade blocks of knowledge in the Object of Knowledge belonging to iti, IiAccording to preset formula by expert's assignment numerical value Ii,1With
Its supporting relation I to other X grades of blocks of knowledge in affiliated Object of Knowledgei,2It is computed acquisition.
6. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 5 describes method, which is characterized in that Ii=max (Ii,1,Ii,2),Ii,2=max (Ii,21,Ii,22,L,Ii,2m), wherein Ii,1qIt is expert to X grades of knowledge lists
The assignment of importance degree of the member in the Object of Knowledge belonging to it, n are expert's number, Ii,1,maxFor the maximum value of expert's assignment,
Ii,1,minFor the minimum value of expert's assignment；Ii,2mIt is current knowledge unit to other m X grades of blocks of knowledge in the Object of Knowledge
Support coefficient.
7. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 4 describes method, which is characterized in that as X ≠ 1, the significance level assignment
It further include importance value I of the corresponding X grades of blocks of knowledge in entire subject knowledgei,u。
8. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 1 describes method, which is characterized in that the method also includes walking as follows
Suddenly：
S7, Object of Knowledge property file is transferred, for each blocks of knowledge, obtains all users for grasping the blocks of knowledge
Time T required for corresponding blocks of knowledge is practised, the knowledge numerical quantity of the blocks of knowledge is generated according to preset formula, is stored in knowledge
In object, Object of Knowledge property file is updated.
9. subject knowledge as claimed in claim 8 describes method, which is characterized in that when user reaches corresponding blocks of knowledge
When spending γ greater than preset threshold μ, label relative users are to grasp the user of the blocks of knowledge, wherein degree of reaching γ=Ax/Am,
Middle AmFor the test gross score of test cell in the Object of Knowledge of corresponding blocks of knowledge place, AxIt is active user in corresponding knowledge list
The test goals for of test cell in first place Object of Knowledge.
10. the subject knowledge as described in claim 1-9 is any describes method, which is characterized in that the method also includes as follows
Step：
S8, Object of Knowledge property file is obtained, the N grade blocks of knowledge of X=N level is transferred, to the knowledge of all N grades of blocks of knowledge
Type carries out assignment, and wherein knowledge type includes concept class, principle class, method class, true class, viewpoint class and example class, saves
In Object of Knowledge, Object of Knowledge property file is updated.
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| CN105426967A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 华中师范大学 | Subject knowledge expression and description method |
| CN107704634A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-02-16 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain |
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| CN102508874A (en) * | 2011-10-15 | 2012-06-20 | 西安交通大学 | Method of generating navigation learning path on knowledge map |
| CN102930479A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2013-02-13 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Formalization method for procedure knowledge of power system and formalization system thereof |
| WO2015162458A1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-10-29 | Singapore Telecommunications Limited | Knowledge model for personalization and location services |
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| CN107704634A (en) * | 2017-11-04 | 2018-02-16 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of method for forming knowledge and building knowledge chain |
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