CN108796526B - Method for cleaning surface of low-carbon steel ingot - Google Patents
Method for cleaning surface of low-carbon steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN108796526B CN108796526B CN201810449107.2A CN201810449107A CN108796526B CN 108796526 B CN108796526 B CN 108796526B CN 201810449107 A CN201810449107 A CN 201810449107A CN 108796526 B CN108796526 B CN 108796526B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/032—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot, which comprises the following steps: step one, preparing a component A, wherein the component A comprises a self-made alkyd resin; step two, uniformly mixing the component A and an alkyd resin curing agent to prepare a cleaning solution, immediately soaking a cast mother alloy ingot obtained after casting in the cleaning solution, and taking out the ingot after a coating layer is formed on the surface of the ingot; and step three, drying the surface of the cast ingot at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and tearing off the solidified coating layer by using external force when the temperature is reduced to 30-40 ℃ after drying to obtain the cast ingot with the cleaned surface. The invention provides a surface cleaning method for low-carbon steel ingots, which utilizes the characteristic of rapid solidification of a high polymer material to coat a coating layer with adsorption capacity and oil removal capacity on the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot to be treated, then utilizes the characteristic of easy separation between the coating layer and the ingot to tear off the coating layer by external force, and removes dirt and debris on the surface of the low-carbon steel while tearing off the coating layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a surface cleaning method for a low-carbon steel ingot.
Background
Low carbon steel (mil steel), which is carbon steel with a carbon content of less than 0.25%, is soft due to its low strength and low hardness, and is also commonly referred to as soft steel, includes most of ordinary carbon structural steels and some high quality carbon structural steels, and is mostly used for engineering structural members without heat treatment, and some of them are used for mechanical parts requiring wear resistance by carburizing and other heat treatments. The low-carbon steel is mostly prepared by a casting process, and a low-carbon steel ingot is a refined low-carbon steel material, is mostly a bar or a block, is generally used for remelting and pouring, and has components which are required to be customized strictly according to requirements. The main function of the ingot casting is to simplify the control of the smelting process, so that the process of production control is simpler, and the quality stability of the casting is improved.
The surface of the carbon steel cast ingot is easily polluted in the manufacturing process, such as oil (mechanical oil, lubricating oil, die oil and the like) and processing raw material scraps are adhered, and meanwhile, if the temperature is not reduced in time in the processing and producing process, oxides are easily generated on the surface of the cast ingot, and the problem of carbon residue or burning loss exists, so that the carbon content is influenced, and the expected set value cannot be reached. In the prior art, cleaning agents are often adopted for cleaning the surface of the carbon steel cast ingot, for example, organic cleaning agents are often adopted for cleaning, and mechanical methods are often adopted for removing chips attached to the surface of the cast ingot. The organic cleaning agent can quickly remove oil stains, but carbon residue on the surface of an ingot is easily caused, the carbon content of a workpiece is influenced in the subsequent casting utilization process, and the stability of chemical components of the workpiece is greatly disturbed. In the prior art, an acid washing or alkali washing process is applied, but the acid washing and alkali washing usually consume carbon steel greatly to cause waste, and a large amount of water is consumed to clean an acid washing agent or an alkali washing agent per se to cause the discharge of a large amount of cleaning waste liquid, so that the environment is not protected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a surface cleaning method for a low-carbon steel ingot, which utilizes the characteristic of rapid solidification of a high polymer material to coat a coating layer with adsorption capacity and oil removal capacity on the surface of the low-carbon steel ingot to be treated, and then utilizes the characteristic of easy separation between the coating layer and the ingot to tear off the coating layer by external force, so that the dirt and debris on the surface of the low-carbon steel are removed while the coating layer is torn off.
The technical effect to be achieved by the invention is realized by the following scheme:
the method for cleaning the surface of the low-carbon steel ingot provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to the following components in parts by weight to prepare a component A:
4-6 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel
3-6 parts of polypropylene fiber
6-8 parts of zinc oxide powder
28-30 parts of alkyd resin
2-3 parts of magnesium silicate hydroxide
2-3 parts of sodium carbonate
1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate
3-4 parts of vermiculite powder
Span 600.1-0.2 parts
The preparation method of the alkyd resin comprises the following steps: mixing rice bran oil and n-butanol, heating to 115-120 ℃, dropwise adding a saturated lithium hydroxide solution as a catalyst, and continuously heating to 250 ℃ for reaction for 4-6 h; cooling to 120 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding phthalic anhydride and ethanol, heating to 160 ℃ for reaction for 4-6h after the reaction is finished, cooling to 50-60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then dropwise adding mixed TDI and xylene, heating to 105 ℃ after the dropwise adding is finished, reacting for 6-8h, cooling to 50-60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding ethylene glycol, keeping the temperature and stirring for 2-4h, then naturally cooling, and filtering to obtain the needed alkyd resin;
mixing the raw materials, grinding the mixture in a planetary grinder until the mixture is uniform and the size of the solid is less than 1 mu m to obtain a component A;
uniformly mixing the component A and an alkyd resin curing agent to prepare a cleaning solution, immediately soaking the cast ingot obtained after casting in the cleaning solution, and taking out the cast ingot after a coating layer is formed on the surface of the cast ingot;
the addition amount of the alkyd resin curing agent is 8-15% of the mass of the alkyd resin in the first step;
and step three, drying the surface of the cast ingot at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and tearing off the solidified coating layer by using external force when the temperature is reduced to 30-40 ℃ after drying to obtain the cast ingot with the cleaned surface.
In the invention, the silica aerogel which is a material with high specific surface area is mixed with the alkyd resin to form the main structure of the wrapping layer, so that the alkyd resin has very good heat resistance and water resistance, and also has very good corrosion resistance and organic matter dissolution resistance. However, the existing alkyd resin applied to the invention still has the problem of low curing speed, so the self-made alkyd resin is adopted in the invention, the curing speed of the alkyd resin is high, the normal-temperature strength is low, and the alkyd resin is very suitable for the characteristics of needing rapid curing to improve the efficiency and being easy to strip from the surface of an ingot. The addition of the silicon dioxide aerogel is beneficial to improving the adhering capability of the whole wrapping layer and the surface of the cast ingot, and can also promote the effective mixing of the alkyd resin and other components.
The object of the present invention cannot be satisfied by using only resin and curing agent, and the inventor of the present invention has found in practice that the problem of a long peeling time of a wrapping layer formed by using only resin and curing agent components is solved in the present invention by improving the thickness and surface friction of the wrapping layer by adding polypropylene fiber, so that the wrapping layer is more easily peeled and the operation in the third step is easier. It should also be noted that fibrous materials with too low a surface energy, such as polytetrafluoroethylene resin, are not suitable for use in the present invention, and such resins have low compatibility with alkyd resins and can cause delamination. The polypropylene fiber adopted by the invention has good binding force with alkyd resin, and can generate certain volume expansion after being heated, thereby being beneficial to the removal of subsequent wrapping layers.
In addition, zinc oxide powder and magnesium silicate hydroxide are added as components with a certain lubricating function, so that the prepared wrapping layer can be removed by using a proper external force under a certain temperature condition. The problem of compatibility between the solid in the component A and the alkyd resin is accompanied by the addition of the easily stripped component, if a fiber material and lubricating powder are added, the resin is easily layered in solid powder, and the application cannot be carried out at all, aiming at the problem, a small amount of Span60 is added at the same time in the invention as an active agent to adjust the compatibility between the solid component and the resin, the Span60 is environment-friendly and high-temperature resistant, and has very strong permeability, and the raw material liquid with uniform components can be obtained by adding the Span60 and grinding by using a planetary grinding machine. The vermiculite powder is a light mineral material with a laminated structure, has the characteristics of small density and good water absorption, has corrosion resistance and self-lubricating property, and can greatly expand (10-30 times) in volume under the condition of high temperature, so that the adsorption capacity and the shaping are greatly improved, and the vermiculite powder has a very beneficial effect on removing a wrapping layer in the subsequent step. Sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate can further increase compatibility and also have a degreasing effect.
Further, in the step one, the density of the silicon dioxide aerogel is 65-70kg/m3The specific surface area is 200-300m2/g。
Further, in the first step, the polypropylene fiber has the length of 0.5-1mm and the diameter of 10-15 μm; the granularity of the zinc oxide powder and the magnesium silicate hydroxide is 0.5-1 mu m. The fiber should not be too long, otherwise the formation of the wrapping layer is not utilized, the diameter of the fiber also needs to be within a reasonable range, the influence on the thickness of the wrapping layer is too large if the diameter is too large, and the effect cannot be achieved if the diameter is too small.
Further, in the first step, the mass ratio of the rice bran oil, the n-butanol, the phthalic anhydride, the ethanol, the TDI, the xylene and the ethylene glycol in the alkyd resin preparation process is 1: (0.4-0.5): (0.2-0.3): (2-3): (0.2-0.25): (0.1-0.2): (0.08-0.15); the amount of saturated lithium hydroxide solution added was 1 drop per 5ml of reaction mass.
Further, in the second step, the addition amount of the alkyd resin curing agent is 10-12% of the mass of the alkyd resin in the first step. As the alkyd resin curing agent, a commercially available alkyd resin curing agent can be used.
Further, in the second step, the thickness of the wrapping layer is 300-. The coating layer prepared by the method is slightly thick, so that the contact between the coating layer and air can be effectively isolated before the ingot is cooled, and the surface oxidation and carbon residue of the ingot can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Further, in the third step, the drying time is 10-15 minutes.
Further, in the third step, the temperature is reduced to 3-4 ℃/s after drying.
Further, in the third step, the hardness of the dried coating layer is in the range of 2B-2H in terms of pencil hardness. Preferably, in the third step, the hardness of the dried coating layer is HB, F or H in pencil hardness. The hardness of the wrapping layer needs to be controlled within a reasonable range, the hardness of the wrapping layer is too soft, on one hand, the wrapping layer is difficult to cover the whole surface of the cast ingot, on the other hand, the bonding force between the wrapping layer and the surface of the cast ingot is insufficient, a good decontamination effect cannot be achieved, the hardness of the wrapping layer is too high, the situation of brittle fracture easily occurs in the machining process, and the good decontamination effect cannot be achieved.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a surface cleaning method for low-carbon steel ingots, which utilizes the characteristic of rapid solidification of a high polymer material to coat a coating layer with adsorption capacity and oil removal capacity on the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot to be treated, then utilizes the characteristic of easy separation between the coating layer and the ingot to tear off the coating layer by external force, and removes dirt and debris on the surface of the low-carbon steel while tearing off the coating layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
In this example, carbon steels Q195, Q215, Q235, 10# and 20# were chemically prepared into a bar-shaped master alloy ingot having a uniform length of 5cm and a diameter of 1 cm. Each grade of carbon steel was prepared as a master alloy rod ingot for subsequent testing.
Example 1
The method for cleaning the surface of the low-carbon steel master alloy cast ingot in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to the following components in parts by weight to prepare a component A:
4 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel
6 parts of polypropylene fiber
8 portions of zinc oxide powder
Alkyd resin 28 parts
Magnesium hydroxy silicate 2 parts
2 portions of sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate 2 parts
4 parts of vermiculite powder
Span 600.2 parts
The preparation method of the alkyd resin comprises the following steps: mixing rice bran oil and n-butanol, heating to 115 ℃, dropwise adding a saturated lithium hydroxide solution as a catalyst, and continuously heating to 250 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours; cooling to 115 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding phthalic anhydride and ethanol, heating to 150 ℃ for reaction for 6h, cooling to 60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then dropwise adding mixed TDI and xylene, heating to 105 ℃ after the dropwise adding is finished, reacting for 8h, cooling to 60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding glycol, keeping the temperature, stirring for 4h, naturally cooling, and filtering to obtain the needed alkyd resin; in the alkyd resin preparation process, the mass ratio of rice bran oil, n-butanol, phthalic anhydride, ethanol, TDI, xylene and ethylene glycol is 1: 0.44: 0.21: 2.4: 0.25: 0.2: 0.1. the amount of saturated lithium hydroxide solution added was 1 drop per 5ml of reaction mass.
The raw materials are mixed and ground in a planetary grinder until the mixture is uniform and the size of the solid is less than 1 mu m, thus obtaining the component A.
The density of the silica aerogel was 70kg/m3Specific surface area of 280m2/g。
The polypropylene fibers had a length of 0.5mm and a diameter of 10 μm. The particle sizes of the zinc oxide powder and the magnesium silicate hydroxide are 0.5 mu m.
The raw materials are mixed and ground in a planetary grinder until the mixture is uniform and the size of the solid is less than 1 mu m, thus obtaining the component A.
And step two, uniformly mixing the component A and an alkyd resin curing agent to prepare a cleaning solution, immediately soaking the cast ingot obtained after casting in the cleaning solution, and taking out the cast ingot after a coating layer is formed on the surface of the cast ingot. The thickness of the wrapping layer was 350 μm.
The addition amount of the alkyd resin curing agent is 12% of the mass of the alkyd resin in the step one. In this example, a commercially available alkyd resin curing agent (manufacturer: Basff) was used.
And step three, drying the surface of the cast ingot at the temperature of 100 ℃, tearing off the cured coating by using external force when the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ after drying, wherein the hardness of the cured coating is calculated as H according to the hardness of a pencil, the temperature of the cooled coating is 4 ℃/s after drying, the drying time is 15 minutes, and the cast ingot with the cleaned surface is obtained after drying. In this step, "utilize external force" means that the manual work directly tears the parcel layer, can use the clamp tool of looks adaptation or shell the membrane device in actual production process for promoting efficiency.
Example 2
The cleaning procedure in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that: the cleaning liquid component A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
6 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel
6 parts of polypropylene fiber
6 parts of zinc oxide powder
Alkyd resin 30 parts
Magnesium silicate hydroxide 3 parts
2 portions of sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate 1 part
3.7 parts of vermiculite powder
Span 600.2 parts.
Example 3
The cleaning procedure in this example is similar to that of example 1, except that: the cleaning liquid component A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
silica aerogel 4.4 parts
5.7 parts of polypropylene fiber
Zinc oxide powder 7.9 parts
29 parts of alkyd resin
2.2 parts of magnesium silicate hydroxide
2.1 parts of sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate 1.7 parts
3.3 parts of vermiculite powder
Span 600.2 parts.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the surface of the ingot was cleaned with hydrochloric acid pickling solution.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, the mixed alkaline washing solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate is used for surface cleaning of the cast ingot.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example, a commercially available organic cleaning agent was used to clean the surface of the ingot.
The number of the low carbon steel ingots cleaned in the above examples and comparative examples was 100, and the cleaning yields were as shown in the following table (the cleaning results were expressed as cleaning yields, and the results were passed without oil stains, flow marks, and debris on the surface of the ingot, and the results were rejected if one of the results was not satisfied).
According to the cleaning result, the cleaning method in the embodiment utilizes the characteristic that the high polymer material is rapidly solidified to wrap a wrapping layer with adsorption capacity and oil removal capacity on the surface of the low-carbon steel ingot to be treated, then utilizes the characteristic that the wrapping layer is easily separated from the ingot to tear off the wrapping layer by external force, and removes dirt and debris on the surface of the low-carbon steel while tearing off the wrapping layer. In contrast, the oil stain removal effect is poor by cleaning with an acid cleaning method, certain flow marks are generated, and the hidden danger of microcosmic secondary corrosion also exists; the cleaning and oil removing effect by using the alkali cleaning method is good, but the flow mark is heavy, the washing after the alkali cleaning is particularly complicated, the waste water amount is large, and the metal residual debris is not removed; the organic cleaning agent has good oil removing effect, but certain flow marks are generated, the metal residue debris is not removed at all, and a large amount of carbon residue is generated.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot make the modified technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to the following components in parts by weight to prepare a component A:
4-6 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel
3-6 parts of polypropylene fiber
6-8 parts of zinc oxide powder
28-30 parts of alkyd resin
2-3 parts of magnesium silicate hydroxide
2-3 parts of sodium carbonate
1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate
3-4 parts of vermiculite powder
Span 600.1-0.2 parts
The preparation method of the alkyd resin comprises the following steps: mixing rice bran oil and n-butanol, heating to 115-120 ℃, dropwise adding a saturated lithium hydroxide solution as a catalyst, and continuously heating to 250 ℃ for reaction for 4-6 h; cooling to 120 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding phthalic anhydride and ethanol, heating to 160 ℃ for reaction for 4-6h after the reaction is finished, cooling to 50-60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then dropwise adding mixed TDI and xylene, heating to 105 ℃ after the dropwise adding is finished, reacting for 6-8h, cooling to 50-60 ℃ after the reaction is finished, then adding ethylene glycol, keeping the temperature and stirring for 2-4h, then naturally cooling, and filtering to obtain the needed alkyd resin;
mixing the raw materials, grinding the mixture in a planetary grinder until the mixture is uniform and the size of the solid is less than 1 mu m to obtain a component A;
uniformly mixing the component A and an alkyd resin curing agent to prepare a cleaning solution, immediately soaking the cast ingot obtained after casting in the cleaning solution, and taking out the cast ingot after a coating layer is formed on the surface of the cast ingot;
the addition amount of the alkyd resin curing agent is 8-15% of the mass of the alkyd resin in the first step;
and step three, drying the surface of the cast ingot at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and tearing off the solidified coating layer by using external force when the temperature is reduced to 30-40 ℃ after drying to obtain the cast ingot with the cleaned surface.
2. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the density of the silicon dioxide aerogel is 65-70kg/m3The specific surface area is 200-300m2/g。
3. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the zinc oxide powder and the magnesium silicate hydroxide is 0.5-1 mu m.
4. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the mass ratio of rice bran oil, n-butanol, phthalic anhydride, ethanol, TDI, xylene and ethylene glycol in the alkyd resin preparation process is 1: (0.4-0.5): (0.2-0.3): (2-3): (0.2-0.25): (0.1-0.2): (0.08-0.15); the amount of saturated lithium hydroxide solution added was 1 drop per 5ml of reaction mass.
5. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the addition amount of the alkyd resin curing agent is 10-12% of the mass of the alkyd resin in the first step.
6. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the thickness of the wrapping layer is 300-400 μm.
7. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the drying time is 10-15 minutes.
8. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the cooling speed is 3-4 ℃/s after drying.
9. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the hardness of the dried coating layer is in the range of 2B-2H in terms of pencil hardness.
10. The method for cleaning the surface of a low-carbon steel ingot as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the hardness of the dried coating layer is HB, F or H in terms of pencil hardness.
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| CN101605880A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2009-12-16 | 法国原子能委员会 | Contain solid particulate decontamination, peel off and/or degreasing foam |
| CN103108581A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-05-15 | 尼托母斯股份有限公司 | Adhesive cleaner for plate surfaces |
| CN105733393A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Method for preparing environment-friendly room-temperature quick curing peelable blue gel |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101605880A (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2009-12-16 | 法国原子能委员会 | Contain solid particulate decontamination, peel off and/or degreasing foam |
| CN103108581A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-05-15 | 尼托母斯股份有限公司 | Adhesive cleaner for plate surfaces |
| CN105733393A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | 顺德职业技术学院 | Method for preparing environment-friendly room-temperature quick curing peelable blue gel |
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