CN108731940A - A kind of electronic calibration device and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument - Google Patents
A kind of electronic calibration device and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
Abstract
The invention belongs to measure the electric signal of shafting torsional oscillation stress and vibration measuring instrument to calibrate field；More particularly to a kind of electronic calibration device and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument.The electronic calibration device includes：The main controller of one processing signal, the flow directing device of a processing DC signal, the ac equipment of a processing ac signal and one integrate the flow directing device and the ac equipment electric signal and the analog adder of output；The main controller is connect with the ac equipment and flow directing device respectively；The analog adder is connect with the ac equipment and flow directing device in contrast to the main controller respectively.The voltage signal that the electronic calibration device artifical resistance foil gauge of the present invention generates after prime is amplified, and using direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technology and the design of the principle of harmonic superposition, simulated strain piece incudes the signal output of shafting stress due to torsional vibration instantaneous variation, and inside realizes the reduction output of the electric signal waveform of simulation stress due to torsional vibration using fpga chip.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to measure the electric signal of shafting torsional oscillation stress and vibration measuring instrument to calibrate field；In other classifications not
Including structure member or equipment testing field, and in particular to a kind of electronic calibration device and its side for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument
Method.
Background technology
Torsional oscillation is the vibration that elastomer generates torsional deflection around its longitudinal axis, reflects system with the presence or absence of resonance (resonance)
Degree of danger, mainly related with the rotary inertia of each component parts of system and torsion stiffness, i.e., related with the structure size of equipment is simultaneously
Vibration in non-real-world operation.The basic reason for generating twisting vibration is between the active torque of rotating machinery and load countertorque
Disequilibrium causes synthesis the direction of the torque to change back and forth.There is torsional oscillation great destructiveness, less serious case to make to act on the torsion on axis
The stress that shakes changes, and increases the fatigue damage of axis, reduces the service life, and serious torsional oscillation can cause shaft system of unit to damage or break
It splits, influences unit safety reliability service.
Representative electronic calibration device is 2512 type electronic calibration devices and the Southeast China University of U.S. Atlanta
TVC-1 electronic calibration devices, but above-mentioned a few class torsional oscillation electronic calibration devices are by simulating the uneven transformation of the torsion angle of axis, profit
Generate similar with actual vibration situation torsional vibration signals with electronics calibration device, but due to limitation that itself is designed cause it is defeated
Go out frequency or rotating speed adjustable extent is limited, the calibration of the entire range of speeds of torsional vibration signals cannot be carried out；Simultaneously because this kind of torsion
The method of calibration of shaking belongs to a kind of calibration of indirect type, can be influenced by the factors such as environment or machinery itself, torsional oscillation is caused to be believed
Number output accuracy not enough and applicability it is smaller the problems such as.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, a kind of method that the present invention provides electronic calibration device and its demarcates digital torsional vibration instrument, described
Electronic calibration device using direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technology and harmonic superposition principle, it is internal using fpga chip come
Realize the simulation reduction output of torsional oscillation waveform.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of electronic calibration device, the electronic calibration device include：
The main controller of one processing signal；
The flow directing device of one processing DC signal；
The ac equipment of one processing ac signal；
One integrates the flow directing device and the ac equipment electric signal and the analog adder of output；
The main controller is connect with the ac equipment and flow directing device respectively；The analog adder respectively with the friendship
Stream device is connected with flow directing device in contrast to the main controller；
The ac equipment includes the fpga chip of a realization harmonic superposition；Include at 15 harmonic waves on the fpga chip
Manage unit and a harmonic wave adder；
Be parallel relationship between 15 harmonic management units, each harmonic management unit both ends respectively with it is described
Main controller is connected with the harmonic wave adder.
Further, be used for will treated harmonic frequency coefficient and the corresponding harmonic amplitude for the harmonic wave adder
Result after data product exports after doing accumulating operation.
Further, the electronic calibration device further includes the display screen of a display analog signal；The display screen with it is described
Main controller connects, and the display screen shows the current nominal voltage signal of the electronic calibration device, measured axis torque and is tested
The performance number of axis.
Further, the electronic calibration device further includes a usb communication port；The usb communication port is arranged described
On main controller, it is connect with the ends PC；The usb communication port is used to input the frequency domain data of real ship torsional vibration signals known to the ends PC
In the main controller, simulates real ship torsional vibration signals and simulated measurement is carried out to related shafting measuring instrument.
Further, the main controller is the microcontroller master control based on ARMCortex-M3 kernels that NXP companies release
Device LPC1768 chips.
Further, the fpga chip further includes a keyboard input module；The keyboard input module includes that button is posted
Storage and the push-button unit that is connect with button register；The button register is connect with the main controller.
Further, the push-button unit include digital 0 button to digital 9 buttons, decimal point button, negative sign button, on
Button, lower button, left button, right button and output on & off switch.
Further, the flow directing device includes one the oneth DAC conversion modules and one first low-pass filter；
Described first DAC conversion modules one end is connect with the main controller, the other end and first low-pass filter one
End connection；The first low-pass filter other end is connect with the analog adder.
Further, the ac equipment further includes one the 2nd DAC conversion modules and one second low-pass filter；
Described fpga chip one end is connect with the main controller, and the other end is connect with the 2nd DAC conversion modules one end；
The 2nd DAC conversion modules other end is connect with second low-pass filter one end；Second low-pass filter is another
End is connect with analog adder.
Further, the harmonic management unit includes the frequency register, humorous for storing for storing frequencies coefficient
The amplitude register of wave amplitude Value Data, the direct digital synthesis technique module (DDS module) of processing frequency coefficient and multiplier；
Described frequency register one end is connect with the main controller, the other end and the direct digital synthesis technique module
One end connects；The direct digital synthesis technique module other end is connect with the multiplier；
Amplitude register one end is connect with the main controller, and the other end is connect with described multiplier one end；It is described to multiply
The musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass other end is connect with the harmonic wave adder；
The multiplier is for will be through coefficient of frequency after the direct digital synthesis technique resume module and corresponding humorous
Wave amplitude Value Data carries out product.
Further, the frequency register and the main controller are to external connection, with the direct digital synthesis technique
Module connects inside the fpga chip；The direct digital synthesis technique module connects with the multiplier inside FPGA
It connects；The amplitude register is connected with the main controller and the multiplier inside the fpga chip respectively；The multiplication
The device other end is connected with the harmonic wave adder inside the fpga chip.
Further, the register that the frequency register is 16, the coefficient of frequency are the 32 of harmonic frequency data
Position binary expression form, therefore include two frequency registers in the harmonic management unit；
Further, the register that the amplitude register is 16, the amplitude data are 16 binary expressions,
Therefore include an amplitude register in the harmonic management unit.
Further, the first DAC conversion modules be ANALOG DEVICES production model AD5760 chips and
Double DAC conversion modules of the model DAC8820 chips of Texas Instruments TI productions.
Further, the 2nd DAC conversion modules are the model AD5760 of model ANALOG DEVICES productions
Double DAC conversion modules of chip and the model DAC8820 chips of Texas Instruments TI productions.
Further, the model AD5760 chips are the voltage output type DAC chip of 16 inputs.
Further, the model DAC8820 chips are 16 parallel-by-bit multiplication DAC chips.
Further, it is connected using SPI communication interface between the fpga chip and the main controller.
Further, the electronic calibration device further includes a power supply that electricity is provided to the electronic calibration device.
Further, the electronic calibration device can generate a kind of voltage signal with High-precision standard, for demarcating
To strain the measurement accuracy that sheet mode measures the measurement and analysis instrument of stress due to torsional vibration.
Further, electronic calibration device can also be according to the stress due to torsional vibration frequency spectrum data obtained from real boat measurement amount and analysis
(at the ends PC) sends this electronic calibration device to, then by the fpga chip inside this calibration device by the USB port of the ends PC computer
With direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technical approach, the real-time stress due to torsional vibration of the real ship of a simulation is synthesized inside calibration device
Signal come out (in 0-1kHz ranges), a virtual shiphoard measurement ring can be provided for stress due to torsional vibration measuring system
Border.The amplitude precision of the direct current amplitude of the signal output waveform, frequency and each frequency is higher.
A kind of method that the present invention also proposes electronic calibration device and its demarcates digital torsional vibration instrument, the method are that main controller will
Receive voltage signal processing after be divided into direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number；The direct current component and the harmonic number it is believed that
Number respectively by the electronic calibration device flow directing device and after ac equipment carries out signal processing, then use analog adder
By treated direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that when one artifical resistance foil gauge of output measures shafting after number being overlapped
Nominal voltage signal input digital torsional vibration instrument is demarcated or is emulated by real-time voltage signal.
Further, the method particular content is as follows：
Step 1, main controller carries out preliminary treatment to signal：The shafting parameter and torsional oscillation data that main controller sets operator
Be divided into direct current signal and harmonic number after the processing of corresponding voltage signal it is believed that number, direct current signal is transferred to flow directing device, harmonic number
It is believed that number being transferred to ac equipment；
Step 2, the direct current signal and the harmonic data signal are handled respectively：
The direct current signal filters off digital noise after the first DAC conversion modules and the first low-pass filter, leaves and sets
Determine the direct current signal in range；
The harmonic data signal passes through fpga chip to the harmonic data signal processing, the 2nd DAC moduluss of conversion successively
Block is converted and the processing of the second low-pass filter filters off quantizing noise, the harmonic data signal that obtains that treated；
Step 3, treated direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number superposition output：By through the step 2, treated
Direct current signal and harmonic number are it is believed that number nominal voltage signal obtained after analog adder is superimposed, by the nominal voltage signal
Calibration of the output for digital torsional vibration instrument.
Further, harmonic data signal described in step 1 includes the coefficient of frequency of multigroup different frequency and corresponding width
Value Data is respectively stored in harmonic management unit.
Further, the coefficient of frequency is stored in frequency register in the harmonic management unit, corresponding
Amplitude data is stored in the amplitude register in the harmonic management unit.
Further, digital torsional vibration instrument described in step 3 uses strain gage testing torsional vibration signals.
Further, the main controller completes control and the data processing work of the entire electronic calibration device, therein
Data-signal by USB port input the Flash in the main controller or by the key-press input in the fpga chip extremely
In button register, then handled again after being read by the main controller.
When further, in such a way that USB port inputs the Flash in the main controller, the main controller processing
Particular content is：Data in Flash are written by MOSI interfaces in the data register of FPGA main controller, with frequency and width
Based on Value Data；Wherein frequency data Freq0-Freq14 is 32 data, and the data register of FPGA is 16 bit registers,
Then it needs to store a frequency data using two registers, such as Reg10 and Reg11 registers store Freq0, utilize
Totally 30 registers store Freq0- by Reg10~Reg19, Reg1A~Reg1F, Reg20~Reg29 and Reg2A~Reg2D
This 15 kinds of frequency values of Freq14；Amplitude data ACAmp0-ACAmp14 for harmonic wave is 16 data, therefore only needs to utilize
Totally 15 registers store 15 kinds of amplitude datas to Reg30~Reg39 and Reg3A~Reg3E in FPGA.
When further, by way of the key-press input in the fpga chip, the main controller is handled specific
Content is：Whether FPGA real time monitorings have by key pressing, and when finding to have key-press input, the key value after debounce is preserved to pressing
In key register, while causing interruption；The main controller reads the key value in FPGA registers to ensure to be by interruption
The data exported unite in the range of design objective defined, before harmonic data is sent to the fpga chip, needs
Different mistakes can be sent out according to different mistakes and carry if data over run by carrying out bound judgement to the data that main controller receives
Show, if not transfiniting, the frequency data in the data is converted into coefficient of frequency, amplitude data is converted to 16 binary expressions
Form；Finally the coefficient of frequency and the amplitude data are written by SPI communication interface in the fpga chip.
Further, the MOSI interfaces are one kind of SPI communication interface.
Further, the key value is for changing waveform configuration body (WaveInfoStruct), the waveform configuration body
Including amplitude (ACAmp), frequency (Freq), biasing (DCOffset), gain (Gmxt), internal diameter (DI), outer diameter (DO), strain ginseng
Number, bridge arm number, bridge voltage, Poisson's ratio and elasticity modulus.
Further, in the data in addition to the register that amplitude and frequency are written back into FPGA again, remainder data is protected
It is stored in main controller.
Further, the coefficient of frequency that the main controller is written using the principle of harmonic superposition for the fpga chip
It is handled with the amplitude data and is exported after being superimposed；Fpga chip is to the harmonic data signal processing particular content：
Discrete Fourier transform is carried out to echo signal first, obtains the frequency and its amplitude data of one group of signal, obtained data are
The humorous secondary frequencies of signal 1-15 and its corresponding amplitude data；Secondly obtained data are written indirectly using serial ports assistant at the ends PC
(Flash of main controller is first written in PC end datas, and main controller again posts the data write-in FPGA in Flash in the register of FPGA
Storage).15 direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) modules are devised using DDS principles in fpga chip, respectively to each humorous
Secondary coefficient of frequency carries out Digital Frequency Synthesize, thus signal frequency data by 15 direct digital synthesis technique modules it
Afterwards, the sine wave of 15 kinds of different frequencies can be obtained, then by the Direct Digital of data and respective frequencies in each amplitude register
Product is done in the output of frequency synthesis module, and the result of 15 kinds of products is finally done accumulating operation using the adder in FPGA.
Further, the calibration device can also realize that the output of calibration triangular wave, particular content are：
In view of the amplitude and the linear transformation relation of frequency of triangular wave, the fpga chip, which uses, directly takes button defeated
Enter the design that the frequency values of signal are exported as the amplitude of triangular wave；For preceding 1/2 period, directly take its frequency values as triangle
The amplitude data of wave, and for the later half period number of winning the confidence half period frequency with the current difference for exporting half frequency as final width
Value Data, thus when frequency complete a period it is cumulative when, that is, complete the output of the triangular wave of complete cycle.
Further, the echo signal is the torsional vibration signals for the tested shafting that the ends PC are inputted by USB port or passes through
Torsional vibration signals, sinusoidal signal or the triangle signal of the tested shafting of key-press input.
Further, the frequency of the torsional vibration signals each harmonic and amplitude write-in are led by USB port in the ends PC
It controls device flash, FPGA and reads harmonic data from main controller flash, preserve to FPGA data register, then synthesis is turned round with output
Shake signal.
Further, the button be used for be arranged the sinusoidal signal and both signals of triangle signal frequency,
The parameters such as amplitude, biasing, after being arranged successfully, the fpga chip can read these parameters, be synthesized for signal waveform.
Further, the DC component and AC compounent to ensure output have separate precision, the first DAC
Conversion module and the 2nd DAC conversion modules be all made of AD5760 and double DAC of DAC8820 undertake direct current with exchange it is defeated
Go out, then the analog adder is controlled by precision gain and is overlapped at simulation output end, it is therefore desirable to which the DAC of multichannel comes
Realize the design of circuit.
Further, the AD5760 chips and DAC8820 chips are close to the resolution ratio and error range of signal, difference
It is the output voltage range and signal conversion rate of the two；For example, in electronic calibration device of the present invention, need to export
Voltage range is X, and such as the flow directing device and the ac equipment are all made of AD5760 chips as DAC conversion modules, although
It can ensure the voltage output of X ranges, but since the data entry mode of the AD5760 chips is serial input, for institute
It states for ac equipment, the high speed signal exported in the fpga chip can not carry out quick and effective conversion；As described in
Flow directing device and the ac equipment are all made of the DAC conversion works that DAC8820 takes on system whole, are realizing quick digital-to-analogue turn
In the range of changing while output voltage being amplified to X using external amplifying circuit, but it can not ensure that calibration device exports again in this way
The precision of voltage, because in the invention the flow directing device and the ac equipment be all made of AD5760 chips and DAC8820
The D/A converter module of double DAC of chip not only can guarantee the precision of calibration device output voltage, but also can carry out the quick of high speed signal
And effective conversion.
Further, first low-pass filter is Butterworth LPF.
Further, second low-pass filter is Butterworth LPF.
Further, the design objective of the Butterworth LPF mainly has：
Cutoff frequency：fc=1kHz；
Voltage amplification factor in passband：A0=2；
In the signal frequency f=10f of output filter circuitcWhen, amplitude fading is more than 30dB；
Further, the operation principle of the analog adder is：The final output signal of the electronic calibration device is main
The direct current signal of device output and the AC signal of fpga chip output are controlled respectively through the first low-pass filter and the second low pass
Superposition after filter；The AC signal illustrates signal in the time domain situation of change of whole cycle, the direct current signal master
It is used to be biased setting to AC signal, and they are voltage signal, therefore resistance and amplifier can be used to form
Input add circuit is overlapped their output signal in the same direction；Wherein the signal of the ports DAC is that main controller converts electricity through DA
The signal of the direct current signal exported after road, the ports DAC1 is that FPGA exports the AC signal converted through DA, is exported through OUT terminal mouth
Final superposed signal.
Further, the analog adder treated nominal voltage signal is that simulation is tested shafting stress due to torsional vibration, is adopted
It is showed with voltage signal.
Further, the fpga chip also directly can directly turn the rotating speed arteries and veins that mark output is tested shafting to digital torsional vibration instrument
Signal is rushed, meanwhile, the main controller extracts the rotational speed pulse signal by SPI communication port from the fpga chip.
Further, the data transmission principle of the SPI communication port is：Complete the logical of the SPI of the electronic calibration device
After letter configuration, the mutual transmission of data can be realized between the main controller and the fpga chip, is the master control respectively
Data are written in device in the register into the fpga chip, the value in button data register is sent to main controller by FPGA.
Further, the communication configuration of the SPI include signal transmission direction, master slave mode, data bits, baud rate,
The configuration of equal attributes before and after high-low-position.
Further, the current nominal voltage signal in the main controller is obtained with the corresponding diameter of axle and other parameter products
The torque of tested shafting, the product of the torque and the rotational speed pulse signal obtain the output power of the tested shafting.
Further, the other parameters are all parameters in addition to axis internal diameter and axis outer diameter in formula (1).
Further, the main controller chip is applied not only to system process processing, while can calculate torsional vibration signals, shows
Output, for being demarcated to the torsional vibration signals under current rotating speed, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula：Me-- output torque, N*m；
MFS-- full scale torque, N*m；
VFS-- full range voltage, V；
E-- measured axis elasticity modulus；
di-- axis internal diameter, mm；
d0-- axis outer diameter, mm；
VEXC-- bridge excitation voltage, V；
kGF-- sensitivity of strain gauge；
N-- electric bridge bridge arm numbers；
μ -- tested shaft material Poisson's ratio；
GXMT-- the gain amplifier of emitter；
VOutput-- receiver output voltage.
Further, the physical quantity in formula (1) is definite value, and the electronic calibration device simulates the resistance-strain come in addition
After the voltage signal of measurement, the electronic calibration device could demarcate torsional vibration signals.
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) for electronic calibration device of the invention for demarcating torsional vibration signals, i.e. calibration device need to export accurate torsional vibration signals, this
The harmonic data that standard torsional vibration signals are utilized in invention removes anti-composite signal, for other Calibrations of measuring equipment.
(2) voltage signal that electronic calibration device artifical resistance foil gauge of the invention measures, and use Direct Digital frequency
(DDS) technology of synthesis and the design of the principle of harmonic superposition, inside are realized using FPGA (field programmable gate array) chip
The reduction of torsional oscillation waveform exports, and can generate the optional frequency torsional vibration signals in 0-1kHz ranges, and the amplitude of output waveform and
Frequency accuracy is higher.
(3) electronic calibration device of the invention can not only export the adjustable triangle signal of 0-1kHz range amplitudes, and inside
Portion is calculated and be shown the stress due to torsional vibration value for exporting triangle signal using processor, keeps the calibration of torsional oscillation more directly square
Just, accurately.
(4) torsional vibration signals caused by electronic calibration device of the invention can be used for demarcating transmission shaft surface due to shear stress
The torsional vibration signals of generation, torsional oscillation initial data of the invention are direct acquisition and real ship torsional vibration signals based on resistance strain gage
Frequency domain data is analyzed, and a kind of novel electricity is designed using the principle of direct digital synthesis technique (DDS) technology and harmonic superposition
Sub- calibration device, inside are realized the reduction output torsional vibration signals of torsional oscillation waveform using fpga chip, can generate 0-1KHz ranges
In optional frequency signal, and the amplitude of output waveform and frequency accuracy are higher, and the signal of this torsional oscillation scaling method simulation is
The twist distortion signal generated in shafting rotation process can not trace to the source in torsional oscillation calibration research at home and abroad.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electronic calibration device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is register transfer level circuit (RTL) schematic diagram that fpga chip realizes harmonic superposition in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that fpga chip realizes direct digital frequency synthesis technology principle schematic in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is USB serial communication flow diagrams in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the module design RTL schematic diagrames that calibration device realizes triangular wave in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference sign：1- main controllers；The first DAC conversion modules of 21-；The first low-pass filters of 22-；31-FPGA cores
Piece；The 2nd DAC conversion modules of 32-；The second low-pass filters of 33-；34- keyboard input modules；4- analog adders；5- power supplys；
6- display screens；The ends 7-PC.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is explained in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is used only for explaining the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention covers any replacement done in the spirit and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims, repaiies
Change, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding the present invention, below to the thin of the present invention
It is detailed to describe some specific detail sections in section description.Part without these details for a person skilled in the art
Description can also understand the present invention completely.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment proposes a kind of electronic calibration device, as shown in Figure 1, the electronic calibration device includes：
The main controller 1 of one processing signal；
The flow directing device of one processing DC signal；
The ac equipment of one processing ac signal；
One integrates the flow directing device and the ac equipment electric signal and the analog adder 4 of output；
The main controller 1 is connect with the ac equipment and flow directing device respectively；The analog adder 4 respectively with it is described
Ac equipment and flow directing device are connected in contrast to the main controller 1.
The main controller 1 is the microcontroller main controller based on ARMCortex-M3 kernels that NXP companies release
1LPC1768 chips.
The ac equipment includes the fpga chip 31 of a realization harmonic superposition；The fpga chip 31 further includes a button
Input module 34；The push-button unit that the keyboard input module 34 is connect including button register and one with button register；Institute
Button register is stated to connect with the main controller 1.
The push-button unit include digital 0 button to digital 9 buttons, decimal point button, negative sign button, upper button, press down
Key, left button, right button and output on & off switch.
The button of the push-button unit and corresponding save value are as shown in table 1 below：
The key value of button register in table 1FPGA chips
Save value described in table 1 is the corresponding 16 system character of button.
The flow directing device includes one the oneth DAC conversion modules 21 and one first low-pass filter 22；
Described first DAC conversion modules, 21 one end is connect with the main controller 1, the other end and first low-pass filter
22 connections；Described first low-pass filter, 22 one end is connect with the first DAC conversion modules 21, and the other end adds with the simulation
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass 4 connects.
The ac equipment further includes one the 2nd DAC conversion modules 32 and one second low-pass filter 33；
31 one end of the fpga chip is connect with the main controller 1, and the other end connects with the 2nd DAC conversion modules 32
It connects；Described 2nd DAC conversion modules, 32 one end is connect with the fpga chip 31, the other end and second low-pass filter 33
Connection；Described second low-pass filter, 33 one end is connect with the 2nd DAC conversion modules 32, the other end and analog adder 4
Connection.
Include 15 harmonic management units and harmonic wave adder on the fpga chip 31；
Be parallel relationship between 15 harmonic management units, it is in parallel after respectively with the main controller 1 and the harmonic wave
Adder connects；
The harmonic wave adder is used for will treated harmonic frequency coefficient and the corresponding harmonic amplitude data product
Result afterwards exports after doing accumulating operation.
The harmonic management unit includes for the frequency register of storing frequencies coefficient, for storing harmonic amplitude data
Amplitude register, processing frequency coefficient direct digital synthesis technique module (direct digital synthesis technique module) and multiplication
Device；
Described frequency register one end is connect with the main controller 1, the other end and the direct digital synthesis technique module
One end connection；The direct digital synthesis technique module other end is connect with the multiplier；
Amplitude register one end is connect with the main controller 1, and the other end is connect with described multiplier one end；It is described to multiply
The musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass other end is connect with the harmonic wave adder；The multiplier is used for will be through the direct digital synthesis technique resume module
Coefficient of frequency and corresponding harmonic amplitude data afterwards carries out product.
The register that the frequency register is 16, the coefficient of frequency are 32 binary forms of harmonic frequency data
Up to form, therefore include two frequency registers in the harmonic management unit；
The register that the amplitude register is 16, the amplitude data are 16 binary expressions, therefore described humorous
It include an amplitude register in wave processing unit.
The first DAC conversion modules 21 are the model AD5760 chips and Texas of ANALOG DEVICES productions
Double DAC conversion modules of the model DAC8820 chips of Instruments TI productions.
The 2nd DAC conversion modules 32 be model ANALOG DEVICES production model AD5760 chips and
Double DAC conversion modules of the model DAC8820 chips of Texas Instruments TI productions.
The model AD5760 chips are the voltage output type DAC chip of 16 inputs.
The model DAC8820 chips are 16 parallel-by-bit multiplication DAC chips.
It is connected using SPI communication interface between the fpga chip 31 and the main controller 1.
The electronic calibration device further includes the display screen 6 of a display analog signal；The display screen 6 and the main controller 1
Connection, the display screen 6 show the work(of the current nominal voltage signal of the electronic calibration device, measured axis torque and measured axis
Rate value.
The electronic calibration device further includes a usb communication port；The usb communication port is arranged on the main controller 1,
It is connect with the ends PC 7；The usb communication port is used to the frequency domain data of real ship torsional vibration signals known to the ends PC 7 inputting the master
It controls in device 1, real ship torsional vibration signals is demarcated.
The electronic calibration device further includes a power supply 5 that electricity is provided to the electronic calibration device.
A kind of method that the present embodiment also proposes electronic calibration device and its demarcates digital torsional vibration instrument, the method is main controller
1 will the voltage signal that received processing after be divided into direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number；The direct current component and the harmonic number
It is believed that number respectively by the electronic calibration device flow directing device and after ac equipment carries out signal processing, then using simulation plus
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass 4 is by treated direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that when one artifical resistance foil gauge of output measures after number being overlapped
Nominal voltage signal demarcates nominal voltage signal input digital torsional vibration instrument.
The method particular content is as follows：
Step 1, main controller 1 carries out preliminary treatment to signal：Main controller 1 will be divided into straight after the voltage signal received processing
Flow signal and harmonic number it is believed that number, direct current signal is transferred to flow directing device, harmonic data signal transmission to ac equipment；
Step 2, the direct current signal and the harmonic data signal are handled respectively：
The direct current signal filters off unnecessary direct current after the first DAC conversion modules 21 and the first low-pass filter 22
Signal leaves the direct current signal in setting range；
The harmonic data signal passes through fpga chip 31 successively converts the harmonic data signal processing, the 2nd DAC
Module 32 is converted and the processing of the second low-pass filter 33 filters off unnecessary wavelength, the harmonic data signal that obtains that treated；
Step 3, treated direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number superposition output：By through the step 2, treated
Direct current signal and harmonic number believe the nominal voltage it is believed that number nominal voltage signal obtained after the superposition of analog adder 4
Number output for digital torsional vibration instrument calibration.
Harmonic data signal described in step 1 includes the coefficient of frequency of multigroup different frequency and corresponding amplitude data, is divided
It is not stored in harmonic management unit.
Frequency register that the coefficient of frequency is stored in the harmonic management unit, corresponding amplitude data are deposited
Store up the amplitude register in the harmonic management unit.
Digital torsional vibration instrument described in step 3 uses strain gage testing torsional vibration signals.
The main controller 1 completes control and the data processing work of the entire electronic calibration device, data-signal therein
The Flash in the main controller 1 is inputted by USB port or by the key-press input in the fpga chip 31.
When in such a way that USB port inputting the Flash in the main controller 1, the particular content of the processing of the main controller 1
For：Data in Flash are written by MOSI interfaces in the data register of FPGA main controller 1, with frequency and amplitude data
Based on；Wherein frequency data Freq0-Freq14 is 32 data, and the data register of FPGA is 16 bit registers, is then needed
A frequency data are stored using two registers, such as Reg10 and Reg11 registers store Freq0, utilize Reg10
Totally 30 registers store Freq0-Freq14 to~Reg19, Reg1A~Reg1F, Reg20~Reg29 and Reg2A~Reg2D
This 15 kinds of frequency values；Amplitude data ACAmp0-ACAmp14 for harmonic wave is 16 data, therefore need to only be utilized in FPGA
Totally 15 registers store 15 kinds of amplitude datas to Reg30~Reg39 and Reg3A~Reg3E.
Frequency register described in the fpga chip 31 and signal frequency value correspond to as shown in table 2 below：
2 frequency register value of table and signal frequency value correspond to table
Amplitude register described in the fpga chip 31 and signal amplitude correspond to as shown in table 3 below：
3 amplitude register of table and signal amplitude correspond to table
When by way of the key-press input in the fpga chip 31, the particular content of the processing of the main controller 1 is：
Whether FPGA real time monitorings have by key pressing, when finding to have key-press input, the key value after debounce are preserved to button and is deposited
In device, while causing interruption；The main controller 1 reads the key value in FPGA registers to ensure system output by interruption
Data in the range of design objective defined, before harmonic data is sent to the fpga chip 31, need to master
The data that control device 1 receives carry out bound judgement can send out different miscues if data over run according to different mistakes,
If not transfiniting, the frequency data in the data are converted into coefficient of frequency, amplitude data is converted to 16 binary expression shapes
Formula；Finally the coefficient of frequency and the amplitude data are written by SPI communication interface in the fpga chip 31.
For the key value for changing waveform configuration body (WaveInfoStruct), the waveform configuration body includes amplitude
(ACAmp), frequency (Freq), biasing (DCOffset), gain (Gmxt), internal diameter (DI), outer diameter (DO), strain parameter, bridge arm
Number, bridge voltage, Poisson's ratio and elasticity modulus.Except amplitude and frequency are written back into the register of FPGA again in the data
Outside, remainder data is stored in main controller 1.
The fpga chip 31 is using the principle coefficient of frequency that the main controller 1 is written of harmonic superposition and described
Amplitude data is handled and is exported after being superimposed；Fpga chip 31 is to the harmonic data signal processing particular content：Such as Fig. 2
It is shown, discrete Fourier transform is carried out to echo signal first, obtains the frequency and its amplitude data of one group of signal, obtained number
According to for the humorous secondary frequencies of signal 1-15 and its corresponding amplitude data；It secondly will be between obtained data using serial ports assistant at the ends PC 7
Connect write-in FPGA register in (Flash of main controller 1 is first written in 7 data of the ends PC, and main controller 1 again writes the data in Flash
Enter FPGA registers).15 direct digital synthesis technique modules are devised using DDS principles in FPGA, respectively to each humorous
Secondary coefficient of frequency carries out Digital Frequency Synthesize, thus signal frequency data by 15 direct digital synthesis technique modules it
Afterwards, the sine wave of different frequency in 15 can be obtained, then by the Direct Digital of data and respective frequencies in each amplitude register
Product is done in the output of frequency synthesis module, and the result of 15 kinds of products is finally done accumulating operation using the adder in FPGA.
Realize DDS principles using fpga chip 31, the RTL views of single direct digital synthesis technique module as shown in figure 3,
Wherein Freq [31:0] it is coefficient of frequency K, which is one kind of 15 kinds of coefficient of frequencies of FPGA storages, adder
ADDER and 32 phase register constitutes phase accumulator, the output Phase [31 of phase register:0] and addition is fed back to
The input terminal of device carries out the accumulation of next clock cycle, interception phase register Phase [29:20] position is as sine wave ROM's
Address RomAddr [9:0], therefore, the variable range of address is 1~1023, needs to add when IP kernel being called to form wave memorizer
It is that the quantization to 1024 points of a cycle sine wave stores to carry ROM initialization datas file (SinRom.mif files).This is
System FPGA portion devises 15 direct digital synthesis technique modules, can be carried out at the same time the synthesis of most 15 kinds of frequencies, for
The harmonic wave that some amplitudes are zero, by program control disability (Enable=0) its direct digital synthesis technique module conversion, only into
The output of the synthesis of row fractional harmonic, modules is respectively
DDS0_DataOut-DDS14_DataOut；DDS0_DataOut-DDS14_DataOut is multiplied by its corresponding width
The value Reg30_OUT0-Reg3E_OUT0 binary value of ACAmp0~ACAmp14 (preserve), then by acquired results input summer
It adds up, finally exports required waveforms amplitude quantized data.Its FPGA realize schematic diagram as shown in figure 3, used here as
DDS0 and DDS1 are overlapped as signal schematic diagram, the realization of remaining module using identical principle, therefore, FPGA can
Realize that 15 modules are superimposed simultaneously.
FPGA uses the coefficient of frequency of 32bit width, clock FcUsing 12MHz, actual signal output frequency is：
Fout=K*Fc/232 (2)
Frequency accuracy is：
Fc/232=0.00279 (3)
The echo signal is the torsional vibration signals for the tested shafting that the ends PC 7 are inputted by USB port or passes through key-press input
Tested shafting torsional vibration signals, sinusoidal signal or triangle signal.
DC component and AC compounent to ensure output have separate precision, the first DAC conversion modules
21 outputs for the 2nd DAC conversion modules 32 being all made of AD5760 with double DAC of DAC8820 to undertake direct current with exchange,
It controls the analog adder 4 by precision gain again to be overlapped at simulation output end, it is therefore desirable to which the DAC of multichannel comes real
The design of existing circuit.
The AD5760 chips and DAC8820 chips are to the resolution ratio of signal and error range close to (as shown in table 4), area
It is not the output voltage range and signal conversion rate of the two；For example, in electronic calibration device of the present invention, need to export
Voltage range be X, such as flow directing device and the ac equipment is all made of AD5760 chips as DAC conversion modules, though
It can so ensure the voltage output of X ranges, but since the data entry mode of the AD5760 chips is serial input, for
For the ac equipment, the high speed signal exported in the fpga chip 31 can not carry out quick and effective conversion；Such as
The flow directing device and the ac equipment are all made of the DAC conversion works that DAC8820 takes on system whole, are realizing quickly number
In the range of mould is converted while output voltage is amplified to X using external amplifying circuit, but it can not ensure calibration device again in this way
The precision of output voltage, because in the invention the flow directing device and the ac equipment be all made of AD5760 chips and
The D/A converter module of double DAC of DAC8820 chips not only can guarantee the precision of calibration device output voltage, but also can carry out high speed letter
Number quick and effective conversion.
Table 4DAC conversion module functions compare
First low-pass filter 22 is Butterworth LPF.
Second low-pass filter 33 is Butterworth LPF.
The design objective of the Butterworth LPF mainly has：
Cutoff frequency：fc=1kHz；
Voltage amplification factor in passband：A0=2；
In the signal frequency f=10f of output filter circuitcWhen, amplitude fading is more than 30dB；
The selection mechanism of the cutoff frequency is as follows：
The electronic calibration device is primarily directed to the torsional vibration signals that engine of boat and ship is the output of 5,6 cylinder machines and is demarcated,
Its greatest limit rotating speed is 6000r/min, according to the relationship of frequency and rotating speed：
1Hz=60r/min (4)
The maximum frequency of torsional vibration signals can be obtained as 100Hz by being converted by (4) formula, the power of practical torsional vibration signal
Information is concentrated mainly within its 10 harmonic wave, the waveform of electronic calibration device output be it is after multiple harmonic superposition as a result,
Therefore the cutoff frequency selection designed for the second low-pass filter 33 of 31 output waveform of the fpga chip is 1kHz.
The operation principle of the analog adder 4 is：The final output signal of the electronic calibration device is that main controller 1 exports
Direct current signal and the AC signal (harmonic signal) that exports of the fpga chip 31 respectively through the first low-pass filter 22 and the
Superposition after two low-pass filters 33；The AC signal illustrate signal whole cycle time domain situation of change, it is described straight
Stream signal is mainly used for being biased setting to AC signal, and they are voltage signal, therefore can use resistance and put
Input add circuit is overlapped their output signal to big device composition in the same direction；Wherein the signal of the ports DAC passes through for main controller 1
The signal of the direct current signal exported after DA conversion circuits, the ports DAC1 is that FPGA exports the AC signal converted through DA, through OUT
Port exports final superposed signal.
The analog adder 4 is designed according to superimposed signal circuit principle, can be in the hope of output electricity according to principle of stacking
Press u0
Due to R16=R17=R19=R21, can then obtain
u0=u1+u2 (6)
By formula (6) it is found that the circuit realizes direct current signal u1With AC signal u2Superposition output, and by upper
The analytic process of circuit is stated it is found that the circuit only carries out linear superposition to input signal, and voltage amplification factor is not introduced into, protects
The authenticity of signal is demonstrate,proved.
Treated the nominal voltage signal of the analog adder 4 is that simulation is tested shafting stress due to torsional vibration, is believed using voltage
It number shows.
The fpga chip 31 also directly can directly export the rotational speed pulse signal of tested shafting to digital torsional vibration instrument, together
When, the main controller 1 extracts the rotational speed pulse signal by SPI communication port from the fpga chip 31.
Current nominal voltage signal in the main controller 1 obtains tested shafting with the corresponding diameter of axle and other parameter products
Torque, the product of the torque and the rotational speed pulse signal obtains the power of the tested shafting.
The electronic calibration device further includes the display screen 6 of a display analog signal；The display screen 6 and the main controller 1
Connection, the display screen 6 show the work(of the current nominal voltage signal of the electronic calibration device, measured axis torque and measured axis
Rate value.
The electronic calibration device further includes a usb communication port；The usb communication port is arranged on the main controller 1,
It is connect with the ends PC 7；The usb communication port is used to the frequency domain data of real ship torsional vibration signals known to the ends PC 7 inputting the master
It controls in device 1, real ship torsional vibration signals is demarcated.
The principle of the usb communication port virtual serial communication is as shown in Figure 4：After electrification reset, first to usb communication mould
Block carries out initial configuration, and then whether the ends system circulation scanning PC 7 send instruction, are continued to scan on if not receiving instruction；Such as
It receives instruction then to write the instruction into ephemeral data register, and causes USB interruptions.In USB interruptions, system passes through judgement
Data type in ephemeral data register (CommRxData.TmpData) executes corresponding interrupt operation：Such as it is down-transmitting data
It interrupts, system enables data receiver register, and data are written into Flash；Such as it is that data upload interruption, system can be from finger
Fixed address space reads the data having been written into and returns to the ends PC 7；Others interrupt the address model as being written or reading data
It is false command to enclose the address defined beyond system, for the processing of false command, devises corresponding mistake in system and carries
Show information；In addition to this it is also possible to be some system commands, the interruption for returning to USB executes system command operation, and main controller 1 is directed to
The corresponding communication instruction of the operational designs of different files in usb communication, as shown in table 5 below：
5 usb communication of table instructs
Embodiment 2
The electronic calibration device of the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, only unlike：
The fpga chip 31 realizes that calibration triangular wave output, particular content are：
In view of the amplitude and the linear transformation relation of frequency of triangular wave, the fpga chip 31, which uses, directly takes input to believe
Number frequency values as triangular wave amplitude export design；For preceding 1/2 period, directly take its frequency values as triangular wave
Amplitude data, and for the later half period number of winning the confidence half period frequency with the current difference for exporting half frequency as final amplitude number
According to, thus when frequency complete a period it is cumulative when, that is, complete the output of the triangular wave of complete cycle.Triangular wave is realized in FPGA
The RTL views of output are as shown in Figure 5.Wherein ADD0 and Phase [31:0] phase accumulator is constituted, the output of accumulator passes through two
Secondary Selecting phasing, final output DDSOut [15:0] the data for being 16 have intercepted high 16 of frequency signal and have been used as output, this
Sample can not only ensure the precision of frequency, but also will not make distorted signals.It is maximum due to the data that rate-adaptive pacemaker value is 16
Value is 65536, if the output frequency of triangular wave is Freq, amplitude Amp；When Freq is less than 32768, Amp=Freq is taken, when
When frequency is more than 32768, Amp=32768-Freq/2 is taken.When exporting triangle frequency sweep wave, it is desirable that its changeable frequency exported,
And the stepping converted is adjustable, and the frequency stepping of system can be as accurate as 0.002Hz, while the input interface of mould frequency in the block
Freq[31:0] interface inherently as output frequency transformation, therefore the equally applicable triangle frequency sweep wave of the module.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electronic calibration device, which is characterized in that the electronic calibration device includes：
The main controller of one processing signal；
The flow directing device of one processing DC signal；
The ac equipment of one processing ac signal；
One integrates the flow directing device and the ac equipment electric signal and the analog adder of output；
The main controller is connect with the ac equipment and flow directing device respectively；The analog adder exchanges dress with described respectively
It sets and is connected in contrast to the main controller with flow directing device；
The ac equipment includes the fpga chip of a realization harmonic superposition；Include 15 harmonic management lists on the fpga chip
Member and a harmonic wave adder；
Be parallel relationship between 15 harmonic management units, each harmonic management unit both ends respectively with the master control
Device is connected with the harmonic wave adder.
2. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electronic calibration device further includes a display
The display screen of analog signal；The display screen is connect with the main controller, and the display screen shows that the electronic calibration device is current
Nominal voltage signal, measured axis torque and measured axis performance number；
The electronic calibration device further includes a usb communication port；The usb communication port is arranged on the main controller, with PC
End connection；The usb communication port is used to input the frequency domain data of real ship torsional vibration signals known to the ends PC in the main controller,
The real ship torsional vibration signals of simulation carry out simulated measurement to related shafting measuring instrument.
3. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the fpga chip further include one by
Key input module；The keyboard input module includes button register and the push-button unit that is connect with button register；It is described
Button register is connect with the main controller.
4. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the flow directing device includes one first
DAC conversion modules and one first low-pass filter；
Described first DAC conversion modules one end is connect with the main controller, and the other end connects with first low-pass filter one end
It connects；The first low-pass filter other end is connect with the analog adder.
5. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the ac equipment further includes one
Two DAC conversion modules and one second low-pass filter；
Described fpga chip one end is connect with the main controller, and the other end is connect with the 2nd DAC conversion modules one end；It is described
The 2nd DAC conversion modules other end is connect with second low-pass filter one end；The second low-pass filter other end with
Analog adder connects.
6. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the harmonic management unit includes to use
In the frequency register of storing frequencies coefficient, the amplitude register for storing harmonic amplitude data, processing frequency coefficient it is straight
Connect Digital Frequency Synthesize module and multiplier；
Described frequency register one end is connect with the main controller, one end of the other end and the direct digital synthesis technique module
Connection；The direct digital synthesis technique module other end is connect with the multiplier；
Amplitude register one end is connect with the main controller, and the other end is connect with described multiplier one end；The multiplier
The other end is connect with the harmonic wave adder.
7. a kind of electronic calibration device and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument, which is characterized in that the method, which will be main controller, to be connect
Receive voltage signal processing after be divided into direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number；The direct current component and the harmonic data signal
Respectively by the electronic calibration device flow directing device and ac equipment carry out signal processing after, then using analog adder will
Treated direct current signal and harmonic number is it is believed that reality when one artifical resistance foil gauge of output measures shafting after number being overlapped
When voltage signal, by the nominal voltage signal input digital torsional vibration instrument demarcated or emulated.
8. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 7 and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument, which is characterized in that institute
It is as follows to state method particular content：
Step 1, main controller carries out preliminary treatment to signal：The shafting parameter and torsional oscillation data that main controller sets operator correspond to
Voltage signal processing after be divided into direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number, direct current signal be transferred to flow directing device, harmonic number it is believed that
Number it is transferred to ac equipment；
Step 2, the direct current signal and the harmonic data signal are handled respectively：
The direct current signal filters off digital noise after the first DAC conversion modules and the first low-pass filter, leaves setting model
Enclose interior direct current signal；
The harmonic data signal passes through fpga chip and turns to the harmonic data signal processing, the 2nd DAC conversion modules successively
It changes and filters off quantizing noise with the processing of the second low-pass filter, the harmonic data signal that obtains that treated；
Step 3, treated direct current signal and harmonic number it is believed that number superposition output：By through the step 2 treated direct current
Signal and harmonic number export the nominal voltage signal it is believed that number nominal voltage signal obtained after analog adder is superimposed
Calibration for digital torsional vibration instrument.
9. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 8 and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument, which is characterized in that step
Harmonic data signal described in rapid 1 includes the coefficient of frequency of multigroup different frequency and corresponding amplitude data, is respectively stored in humorous
In wave processing unit；
Frequency register that the coefficient of frequency is stored in the harmonic management unit, corresponding amplitude data are stored in
Amplitude register in the harmonic management unit.
10. a kind of electronic calibration device according to claim 8 and its method for demarcating digital torsional vibration instrument, which is characterized in that
The fpga chip is to the harmonic data signal processing particular content：Main controller carries out direct computation of DFT to echo signal first
Leaf transformation, it is the humorous secondary frequencies of signal 1-15 and its corresponding amplitude data to obtain harmonic data signal；Secondly string is utilized at the ends PC
Obtained data are written in the register of FPGA mouth assistant indirectly；In the fpga chip, 15 are devised using DDS principles
A direct digital synthesis technique module carries out Digital Frequency Synthesize, therefore signal frequency to each humorous coefficient of frequency respectively
Data can obtain the sine wave of 15 kinds of different frequencies after 15 direct digital synthesis technique modules, recycle multiplier
Product is done into the output of the direct digital synthesis technique module of data and respective frequencies in each amplitude register, is finally utilized
The result of 15 kinds of products is done accumulating operation by the harmonic wave adder in FPGA.
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