CN108680154B - Point target detection camera focal plane docking system and method - Google Patents

Point target detection camera focal plane docking system and method Download PDF

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CN108680154B
CN108680154B CN201810597325.0A CN201810597325A CN108680154B CN 108680154 B CN108680154 B CN 108680154B CN 201810597325 A CN201810597325 A CN 201810597325A CN 108680154 B CN108680154 B CN 108680154B
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star
point
target detection
detection camera
simulators
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CN108680154A (en
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李坤
刘尚阔
赵建科
薛勋
曹昆
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/02Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
    • G01C21/025Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers

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Abstract

The invention relates to a focal plane docking system and method of a point target detection camera, which solve the problems that the size of a diffuse spot of a point target detector under different stars depends on an image processing technology and the obtained full-view field diffuse spot data is unstable. The docking system includes: the system comprises a point target detection camera and a plurality of groups of single-star simulators, wherein the point target detection camera comprises an optical system and a detector, the single-star simulators comprise an integrating sphere light source and a collimator, an electric control linear diaphragm is arranged at an light inlet of the integrating sphere light source, a star point plate is arranged at a light outlet, and a focal plane of the collimator is positioned at the star point plate of the integrating sphere light source; the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators illuminate the same plane, the entrance pupil of the optical system is arranged on the plane which is jointly illuminated by the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators, and the light beam directions of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators cover different view fields of the point target detection camera. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a focal plane docking method of the point target detection camera.

Description

Point target detection camera focal plane docking system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photoelectric testing, in particular to a focal plane docking system and method of a point target detection camera.
Background
The star sensor is a spot target detecting camera widely applied to space vehicle positioning and attitude measurement, and mainly comprises an optical system and a detector. According to the method, through positioning of the celestial body star target in the field of view, the attitude information of the aircraft with the accuracy of the level of angle and second can be obtained, so that the imaging performance of the method is mainly checked on the imaging capability of the point target, namely the size of the diffuse spots.
The positioning capability of the star sensor on the celestial body star target is mainly formed through two stages, wherein the first stage is the design, processing and testing of the optical system, the measurement of the diffuse spots of the optical system is completed, and the optical system is verified to have the capability of forming the diffuse spots with a specified size under a certain working distance; the second stage is the assembly and integration stage of the optical system and the area array detector, and the positioning of the area array detector, namely the focal plane butt joint, is completed under a given working distance.
At present, the focal plane butt joint of the star sensor is realized by adopting a method that a star point target of a certain star is given through a single-star simulator, and the size of a diffuse spot under the star is obtained by adopting an image processing technology. The star sensor is arranged on the turntable, the size of the diffuse spots under different fields of view is set through the turntable, and the spatial relationship between the detector and the optical system is finely adjusted, so that the diffuse spots of the whole field of view meet the requirements, and the focal plane butt joint is completed. The method mainly has the following problems:
(1) According to the method, star point targets of a single star and the like are analyzed through an image processing technology, so that the size of the diffuse spots under the star and the like is obtained, the imaging performance of the whole working section of the star sensor is not reflected, and the size of the diffuse spots under different stars and the like depends on the image processing technology;
(2) The scattered spots under different fields are acquired in a time sharing way, the sensitivity of the thermal effect generated by long-time working of the detector and the difference of different fields of view of the optical system have larger influence on the scattered spots of the point target detector, and the method can not separate the two influences, so that the obtained data of the scattered spots with the full field of view are unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the size of the diffuse spots of a point target detector under different stars depends on an image processing technology and the obtained full-view field diffuse spot data is unstable, and provides a focal plane docking system and method of a point target detection camera.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the focal plane docking system of the point target detection camera comprises the point target detection camera, wherein the point target detection camera comprises an optical system and a detector, and is characterized in that: the system also comprises a plurality of groups of single-star simulators, wherein the single-star simulators comprise an integrating sphere light source and a collimator, an electric control linear diaphragm is arranged at an optical inlet of the integrating sphere light source, the light outlet is provided with a star point plate, and the focal plane of the collimator is positioned at the star point plate of the light source outlet of the integrating sphere; the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators illuminate the same plane, the entrance pupil of the optical system is arranged on the plane which is jointly illuminated by the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators, and the light beam directions of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators cover different view fields of the point target detection camera.
Further, the single star simulators are at least five groups, one group of single star simulators is arranged in the central view field, and the other groups of single star simulators are arranged around the single star simulators in the central view field.
Further, the single star simulators are nine groups.
Further, nine groups of single-star simulators are arranged in a Chinese character 'tian'.
Further, a single star simulator is selected by the following, the focal length fS of the optical system, the entrance pupil diameter D, the focal length f of the collimator M And the star point hole diameter d of the star point plate should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)
wherein: lambda represents the center wavelength.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a focal plane docking method of the point target detection camera, which comprises the following steps:
1) The integrating sphere light source is lightened, so that the optical axis of the optical system is coincident with the optical axis of the single star simulator with a central view field, the entrance pupil of the optical system is arranged at the exit pupil of the collimator of the single star simulator, and the integrating sphere light source is adjusted so that the radiance L at the exit of the integrating sphere light source and the irradiance E at the exit of the collimator meet the following formula;
wherein E is irradiance of the collimator outlet;
l is the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light source;
d is the diameter of a star point hole of the star point plate;
f M is the focal length of the collimator;
2) Other groups of single-star simulators except the central view field single-star simulator are obliquely installed to enable the single-star simulators to face the view field of the point target detection camera, and the light outlet covers the entrance pupil of the optical system of the point target detection camera; the integrating sphere light sources of the other view field single-star simulators are lightened, and the integrating sphere light sources are adjusted to enable the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light sources to be the same as that of the central view field single-star simulator;
3) Installing a detector of a point target detection camera at an initial position, opening a detector point source, and finely adjusting single-star simulators of each view field to enable each star point image acquired by the detector under each view field to be in cross symmetrical distribution, and acquiring star point images under the star and the like;
4) Synchronously changing the light quantity of the integrating sphere light source of each single-star simulator to obtain another star and the like, collecting star point images under the star and the like, and repeating the steps to obtain the star point images under different star and the like and of each view field;
the star point image energy distribution collected by the detector has the following relation with irradiance of a light outlet of the single star simulator:
I i,j (x,y)=psf j (x,y)×E i +b(x,y) (4)
wherein I is i,j (x, y) is irradiance of E i A camera output signal when the field of view is j;
psf j (x, y) is the field of view j, the camera response function for the point target is the point spread function;
E i when the star is i, irradiance of a light outlet of the star simulator, and when i=0, E 0 =2.648×10 -6 lx;
b (x, y) is the background spatial noise under the camera parameters;
5) The star point images of targets i such as different stars under the same view field j are provided with linear response intervals according to the change of peak response along with energy such as the stars, and the star point images in the linear response intervals are subjected to linear fitting processing to obtain a point spread function psf under the view field j (x, y) performing Gaussian fitting on the point spread function to obtain the size of the diffuse spots under the field of view;
6) From point spread functions psf under different fields j (x, y) obtaining the size of the diffuse spots under different view fields, and determining the trimming amount of the focal plane; after trimming, reinstalling;
7) Repeating the steps 3) to 6) until the diffuse spots meet the requirements in the full view field range, and completing the focal plane butt joint of the point target detection camera.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps before the step 1),
the focal length f of the optical system of the point target detection camera is selected by selecting a proper single-star simulator S Focal length f of collimator tube of star simulator, entrance pupil diameter D M And the star point hole diameter d of the star point plate should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)
wherein: lambda represents the center wavelength.
Further, in the step 2), the single-star simulators are at least five groups, wherein one group of single-star simulators is arranged in the central view field, and the other groups of single-star simulators are arranged around the single-star simulators in the central view field.
Further, the single star simulators in step 2) are nine groups.
Further, nine groups of single-star simulators in the step 2) are arranged in a Chinese character 'tian'.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the invention obtains the point spread function based on the star point images of the linear response interval of the point target detection camera to targets such as different stars by realizing normalization, gives out the diffuse spots under different fields, does not depend on an image processing algorithm any more, objectively evaluates the imaging quality of the point target detection camera, obtains the star point images of different stars and the like, reflects the imaging capability of the point target detection camera, and can guide the adjustment of the circuit parameters of the point target detection camera.
2. The invention separates the thermal effect generated by long-time working of the detector and the diffuse spot difference introduced by the field of view of the optical system due to synchronous acquisition of star point images of the same star and the like under different fields of view, and avoids the problem of unstable data of the diffuse spots of the whole field of view.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-point target detection camera, 11-optical system, 12-detector, 2-single star simulator, 21-integrating sphere light source, 22-collimator, 23-electric control linear diaphragm and 24-star point plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples:
the invention provides a system and a method for butting and adjusting a detector of a point target detection camera with a focal plane of an optical system of the point target detection camera. Meanwhile, the system and the method are also suitable for electronic parameter selection and circuit debugging of the point target detection camera and final imaging capability and imaging quality evaluation. The invention provides an imaging performance evaluation method of a point target detection camera adopting radiometric calibration, which designs a corresponding light path and a device and is used for focal plane butt joint work of the point target detection camera.
As shown in fig. 1, a focal plane docking system of a point target detection camera comprises a point target detection camera 1 and a plurality of groups of single-star simulators 2; the point target detection camera 1 comprises an optical system 11 and a detector 12, and the single star simulator 2 comprises an integrating sphere light source 21 and a parallel light pipe 22; the light inlet of the integrating sphere light source 21 is an electronically controlled linear diaphragm 23, and the light outlet is a replaceable star point plate 24. The focal plane of collimator 22 is located at star point plate 24 at the outlet of integrating sphere light source 21, its image quality meets the general requirement of star simulator, the energy of single star simulator 2 can be regulated by electric control linear diaphragm 23 and star point aperture combination of star point plate 24 to form targets of different brightness, and nine star simulators whose performances are similar form a star simulator group covering different fields of view.
The single star simulators 2 are at least five groups, wherein one group of single star simulators 2 is arranged in a central view field, the rest single star simulators 2 are arranged around the single star simulators 2 in the central view field, the plurality of groups of single star simulators 2 are preferably nine groups, and the nine groups of single star simulators 2 are arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'tian' and cover different view fields of the point target detection camera 1.
The selection of the single-star simulator 2 can be performed with reference to the following formula, the focal length f of the optical system 11 S Focal length f of collimator 22, entrance pupil diameter D M And the star point plate 24 star point hole diameter d should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)。
the full-view field multi-group single-star simulator 2 mainly comprises nine single-star simulators 2 with similar performances and covering the full view field; according to the field of view of the optical lens of the point target detection camera 1, installing star simulators, enabling light outlets of the nine star simulators to illuminate the same plane, and placing an entrance pupil of the point target detection camera 1 on the plane illuminated by the light outlet of the single star simulator 2; meanwhile, the beam directions of the nine star simulators cover different fields of view of the point target detection camera 1; the detector 12 is arranged near the focal plane of the optical system 11, and the posture of the star simulator is adjusted, so that the energy distribution of the star point images of nine visual fields collected by the detector 12 meets the requirements of working conditions. The entrance pupil of the optical system 11 is positioned on a plane which is commonly illuminated by the light outlets of the star simulator group, and the entrance pupil of the optical system 11 is matched with the exit pupil position of the collimator 22; the detector 12 and the optical system 11 form the point target detection camera 1, and the point target detection camera 1 has certain imaging capability on a point target by adjusting the position and the posture of the point target detection camera and the focal plane of the optical system 11.
In a specific butt joint process, adjusting the energy of the single-star simulator 2 with nine view fields to be the same star and the like, and collecting star point images at the moment; and changing the simulated star of the star simulator, and collecting star point images under the star. Obtaining nine view fields and nine star point images under a series of different stars and the like; and carrying out normalization analysis (namely linear fitting treatment) on star point images of different stars and the like under the corresponding view fields to obtain point spread functions under the different view fields, and carrying out Gaussian fitting on the point spread functions to obtain the diffuse spots. The adjustment amount of the mounting surface of the detector 12 is calculated according to the size of the diffuse spots under different fields. After adjustment, repeating the above process until the diffuse spots meet the requirements in the full view field range, namely finishing the focal plane butt joint of the point target detection camera 1, and obtaining the imaging quality and imaging capability of the point target detection camera 1 by using the diffuse spot data under the final focal plane, the detection star under the working condition and the like.
The invention provides a focal plane docking method of a point target detection camera, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a single star simulator;
the focal length f of the optical system 11 of the point target detection camera 1 is selected by selecting a suitable single star simulator 2 as follows S Focal length f of collimator 22 of star simulator optical system 11, entrance pupil diameter D M And the star point plate 24 star point hole diameter d should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)
wherein λ represents a center wavelength, determined by a center wavelength of a system response;
(2) The integrating sphere light source 21 is lightened, the optical axis of the optical system 11 and the optical axis of the single star simulator 2 of the central view field penetrate through the shaft, the entrance pupil of the optical system 11 is arranged at the exit pupil of the collimator 22 of the star simulator, and the integrating sphere light source 21 is adjusted to ensure that the radiance L at the exit of the integrating sphere light source and the irradiance E at the exit of the collimator 22 meet the following formula; the step gives the energy of the star simulator, namely the star and the like, so that the star simulator for each vision place has consistent performance;
wherein E is irradiance of the collimator exit, unit W/m 2
L is the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light source, and the unit is W/m 2 /Sr;
(3) The single star simulator 2 with other view fields is obliquely arranged to be directed to the view field of the point target detection camera 1, and the light outlet covers the entrance pupil of the optical system 11 of the point target detection camera 1; the integrating sphere light source 21 of the star simulator of other view fields is lightened, the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light source 21 is adjusted, and the integrating sphere light source and the star simulator of the central view field simulate the same star and other targets;
(4) The method comprises the steps of installing a detector 12 of a point target detection camera 1 at an initial position, opening a point source of the detector 12, and finely adjusting star simulators of each view field, so that each star point image under each view field acquired by the detector 12 is in cross symmetrical distribution, and acquiring star point images under the star;
(5) Synchronously changing the light quantity of the integrating sphere light source 21 of each star simulator to obtain another star and the like, collecting star point images under the star and the like, and repeating the steps to obtain the star point images under different star and the like and of each view field; the energy distribution of the star point image collected by the detector 12 of the point target detection camera 1 has the following relation with irradiance of the light outlet of the star simulator:
I i,j (x,y)=psf j (x,y)×E i +b(x,y) (4)
wherein I is i,j (x, y) is irradiance of E i The camera output signal when the field of view is j, i.e. the effective energy distribution of the star point image acquired by the detector 12;
b (x, y) is the background spatial noise under the camera parameters;
psf j (x, y) is the field of view j, the camera response function for the point target, called the point spread function;
E i when the star is i, irradiance of a light outlet of the star simulator, and when i=0, E 0 =2.648×10 -6 lx;
irradiance E of i equal star i Irradiance E equal to 0 0 The relation of (2) is:
(6) The star point images of targets i such as different stars under the same view field j are given out a linear response interval according to the change of peak response along with energy such as the stars, and the star point images in the linear response interval are subjected to linear fitting normalization processing to obtain a point spread function psf under the view field j (x, y) performing Gaussian fitting on the point response function to give the area accounting for 80% of the total energy, thereby obtaining the diffuse speckles under the field of viewIs of a size of (2);
(7) From point spread functions psf under different fields j (x, y) obtaining the size of the diffuse spots under different view fields, and determining the trimming amount of the focal plane; after trimming, reinstalling the probe 12;
(8) Repeating the steps 4) to 7) until the diffuse spots meet the requirements in the full view field range, and completing the focal plane butt joint of the point target detection camera 1.
The method can obtain the linear response interval of the point target detection camera and the size of the diffuse spots under different fields, so the method can evaluate the imaging capability and imaging quality of the point target detection camera and can also guide the adjustment of the circuit parameters of the point target detection camera.

Claims (8)

1. A spot target detection camera focal plane docking system comprising a spot target detection camera (1), the spot target detection camera (1) comprising an optical system (11) and a detector (12), characterized in that:
the system comprises a plurality of groups of single-star simulators (2), wherein each single-star simulator (2) comprises an integrating sphere light source (21) and a collimator (22), an electric control linear diaphragm (23) is arranged at a light inlet of the integrating sphere light source (21), a star point plate (24) is arranged at a light outlet of the integrating sphere light source, and a focal plane of the collimator (22) is positioned at the star point plate (24) at an outlet of the integrating sphere light source (21);
the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators (2) illuminate the same plane, the entrance pupil of the optical system (11) is arranged on the plane which is jointly illuminated by the light outlets of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators (2), and the light beam directions of the plurality of groups of single-star simulators (2) cover different fields of view of the point target detection camera (1);
the focal length f of the optical system (11) is selected by selecting the single star simulator (2) as follows S Focal length f of collimator (22), entrance pupil diameter D M And the star point plate (24) star point hole diameter d should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)
wherein: lambda represents the center wavelength.
2. The spot-target detection camera focal plane docking system of claim 1, wherein: the single star simulators (2) are at least five groups, one group of single star simulators is arranged in the central view field, and the other groups of single star simulators are arranged around the single star simulators in the central view field.
3. The spot-target detection camera focal plane docking system of claim 2, wherein: the single star simulator is nine groups.
4. A point target detection camera focal plane docking system as recited in claim 3, wherein: nine groups of single-star simulators are arranged in a Chinese character 'tian'.
5. The focal plane docking method of the point target detection camera is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method also comprises the following steps before the step 1):
the focal length f of the optical system of the point target detection camera is selected by selecting a proper single-star simulator S Focal length f of collimator tube of star simulator, entrance pupil diameter D M And the star point hole diameter d of the star point plate should satisfy the following relationship;
2f S ≤f M ≤10f S (1)
d=1.22λf M /D (2)
wherein: λ represents a center wavelength;
1) The integrating sphere light source is lightened, so that the optical axis of the optical system is coincident with the optical axis of the single star simulator with a central view field, the entrance pupil of the optical system is arranged at the exit pupil of the collimator of the single star simulator, and the integrating sphere light source is adjusted so that the radiance L at the exit of the integrating sphere light source and the irradiance E at the exit of the collimator meet the following formula;
wherein E is irradiance of the collimator outlet;
l is the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light source;
d is the diameter of a star point hole of the star point plate;
f M is the focal length of the collimator;
2) Other groups of single-star simulators except the central view field single-star simulator are obliquely installed to enable the single-star simulators to face the view field of the point target detection camera, and the light outlet covers the entrance pupil of the optical system of the point target detection camera; the integrating sphere light sources of the other view field single-star simulators are lightened, and the integrating sphere light sources are adjusted to enable the radiance at the outlet of the integrating sphere light sources to be the same as that of the central view field single-star simulator;
3) Installing a detector of a point target detection camera at an initial position, opening a detector point source, and finely adjusting single-star simulators of each view field to enable each star point image acquired by the detector under each view field to be in cross symmetrical distribution, and acquiring star point images under the star and the like;
4) Synchronously changing the light quantity of the integrating sphere light source of each single-star simulator to obtain another star and the like, collecting star point images under the star and the like, and repeating the steps to obtain the star point images under different star and the like and of each view field;
the star point image energy distribution collected by the detector has the following relation with irradiance of a light outlet of the single star simulator:
I i,j (x,y)=psf j (x,y)×E i +b(x,y) (4)
wherein I is i,j (x, y) is irradiance of E i A camera output signal when the field of view is j;
psf j (x, y) is the field of view j, the camera response function for the point target is the point spread function;
E i when the star is i, irradiance of a light outlet of the star simulator, and when i=0, E 0 =2.648×10 -6 lx;
b (x, y) is the background spatial noise under the camera parameters;
5) The star point images of targets i such as different stars under the same view field j are provided with linear response intervals according to the change of peak response along with energy such as the stars, and the star point images in the linear response intervals are subjected to linear fitting processing to obtain a point spread function psf under the view field j (x, y) for thePerforming Gaussian fitting on the point spread function to obtain the size of the diffuse spots under the view field;
6) From point spread functions psf under different fields j (x, y) obtaining the size of the diffuse spots under different view fields, and determining the trimming amount of the focal plane; after trimming, reinstalling;
7) Repeating the steps 3) to 6) until the diffuse spots meet the requirements in the full view field range, and completing the focal plane butt joint of the point target detection camera.
6. The spot-target detection camera focal plane docking method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 2), the single-star simulators are at least five groups, wherein one group of single-star simulators is arranged in the central view field, and the other groups of single-star simulators are arranged around the single-star simulators in the central view field.
7. The spot-target detection camera focal plane docking method of claim 6, wherein: the single star simulators in step 2) are nine groups.
8. The spot-target detection camera focal plane docking method of claim 7, wherein: nine groups of single-star simulators in the step 2) are arranged in a Chinese character 'tian'.
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