CN1086319A - Improve or change the method and the optical devices of color vision and the method for making described optical devices - Google Patents

Abstract

By providing one to have the color filter of spectrum transparency τ (λ) to improve or change the method and the optical devices of people's color vision, the spectrum sensitivity P of the corresponding receptor of the eyes that the fixed color vision of compensation is to be changed near its three wavelength coverage the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the normal human eye of color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor ^*(λ), D ^*(λ), T ^*(λ) and spectrum sensitivity P (λ), D (λ), the difference between the T (λ) of corresponding receptor of the human eye of normal color sight or desirable color vision arranged.Optical devices can be used as eyeglass, contact lens or intraocular lens and realize, or place eyes and treat optical instrument between the object observing with any thereafter.

Description

Improve or change the method and the optical devices of color vision and the method for making described optical devices

The present invention relates to a kind of improve or the change method and the optical devices of color vision and the method for making described optical devices.

Human eye can detect the electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, and wavelength of visible light is about 380nm to 780nm.Human vision is represented with so-called visibility curve with the optical efficiency of wavelength variations.Have three kinds of countenance receptors (pigment) to guarantee color vision in human eye, promptly first kind to red sensitive, and second kind to green sensitive, and the third is to the purple sensitivity.First kind of receptor and second kind of receptor stimulated simultaneously cause yellow perception, second kind of receptor and the third receptor are stimulated simultaneously cause dark green vision, cause the aubergine perception and the third receptor and first kind of receptor stimulated simultaneously.Three kinds of receptors are stimulated other transition tone that can produce colour simultaneously with varying strength.

Having normally, the spectrum sensitivity curve map of the crowd's of (on average) color vision first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor is well-known.Fig. 1 shows normal eye's visibility curve V(λ respectively), the sensitivity curve P(λ of first kind of receptor of normal person's color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor), D(λ) and T(λ).

The spectrum sensitivity of the receptor of eyes can be determined by the measuring method (" science " magazine, March the 143rd in 1964 was rolled up " visual pigment of single primate cone " write among W.B.Marks, W.H.Dobbelle, the E.F.Michol) of uniqueness.La Shidun carries out microspectroscope (microspectrographic) and measures (seeing " American of science " magazine, in March, 1975, " visual pigment and the colour blindness " that La Shidun writes) on the eyes of the living person and the monkey that lives.In the microspectroscope method, a thin homogeneous beam is by pupil imaging on retina of eyes to be tested, and the size that arrives amphiblestroid light beam is no more than the size of each receptor (first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor, the third receptor).Measure continuously before the light velocity emission and the intensity after the receptor reflection.Both differences are the characteristic of receptor sensitivity at setted wavelength corresponding to the light intensity that given receptor absorbs.By changing the wavelength of test beams, can determine spectrum, the sensitivity curve (seeing " color vision " 121-122 page or leaf of Xin Nuo (Sinauer) the affiliated company publication in 1981 of Sunderland, masschusetts, u.s.a) of given receptor by the strange work of Leo M. Hull dimension.

Also has the another kind of method of determining the receptor spectral response curve from the color mix measurement result with mathematical method, (seeing No. 8/9 250-252 page or leaf of Finommechanika-Mikrotechnika 1985 24 volume, " numerical approach of definite simultaneous function that records with indirect measurement method " (the writing) that the grand thatch (Szasz) of K. Peter Wenzel (Wenzel) and G. is write) with Hungarian.The result that this computing method obtain is consistent with the result that described microspectroscopic method records.

As everyone knows, people's color vision is not identical.So for example so-called colour blindness only can be seen two kinds of primary colours, rather than three kinds.If lack first kind of receptor, claim that this achromate is the red-bindness patient, lack second kind of receptor, we are called the deuteranope to them, if no third kind receptor, this people is called as the tritanope.In addition, also known some have unusual color vision, though they have all three kinds of receptors, they see colour in the mode different with ordinary person.That modal unusual color vision form shows as is red-greenly feel perversion.The people who suffers from red-green feel perversion can not differentiate color tables such as vacation (being scattergram in the practice), and they can not distinguish redness, yellow and the green that is used for traffic control.In the 222nd to 269 page in textbook of above-cited Leo M. Hull dimension strange (Leo.M.Hurvich) work dissimilar parachromatisms has been described.

Unusual color vision has hereditary capacity, except the colour blindness that some disease causes, unless for example effect that temporarily causes of alcohol of some noxious materials, it does not change people's life-span.Colour blindness accounts in whole population that the 2.1%(red-bindness accounts for 1%, deuteranopia accounts for 1.1%, and blue blindness accounts for 0.01%).Have the red amblyope of the 6.3%(that accounts for population of unusual color vision to account for 1%, the deuteranomal accounts for 5.3%, and blue amblyope accounts for 0.01%).This means that the people who accounts for whole population 8.4% can not correctly see colour.Top data refer to male sex's population of Caucasia (Europe) crowd, and for other crowd with for women's population, its investigation result value is less.

Usually, achromate or have the people of parachromatism can not obtain driving license, they can not employment become printing worker, industrial designer and electrician, and they can not be engaged in industries such as weaving, cosmetic and ceramic industry.There is occupation not recommend to the people who suffers from parachromatism above 100 kinds.

People have attempted coming the correcting color visual error by place a color filter before eyes.At United States Patent (USP) 3,586,423,3,701, an eyes colored lens has been described, another eyes solution of the bright lens of full impregnated in 590 and 4,300,819, it can make the achromate have some preliminary colored recognition capabilities, yet they do not have any improvement to the people who suffers from parachromatism.

At United States Patent (USP) 3,731, in 993, recommended a kind of color filter of correcting parachromatism, it comprises corresponding with three primary colours (red, green, blue) the color filter parts of arranging side by side with the form of inlaying.The spectrum transparency of color filter parts with have the people's of unusual color vision corresponding colour sensitivity to be inversely proportional to.

At United States Patent (USP) 3,877, in 797, recommended a kind of filter assembly that improves the color resolution ability, its filtering arrive light near two frequency ranges 490nm and 580nm of eyes.

These solutions by light intensity in some scope that weakens spectrum with the method that filters only reach the result of the amplitude of the spectral response curve that in fact reduces some looks responsive acceptor, but rule of thumb, this method is not suitable for proofreading and correct parachromatism.Up to now, there is not a kind of instrument can correct parachromatism on the market.

Creation of the present invention is intended that seeks a kind of solution of proofreading and correct parachromatism.Therefore, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method, can correct unusual color vision with this method.Second purpose is to create a kind of device that improves and change color vision.

In most of the cases, parachromatism is different the causing of corresponding sensitivity by spectral response curve with the eyes that normal color sight is arranged of the receptor of the eyes that unusual color vision is arranged.For parachromatism, we have realized that, the sensitivity curve of such eyes compares with the corresponding sensitivity curve of the eyes that normal color sight is arranged, and can be offset independently of each other and on both direction along wavelength, also has, these sensitivity curves are in shape also can some difference, therefore, for the eyes of appointment, the spectral response curve of its first kind, second kind of necessary independent analysis and the third receptor, determine the type and the degree of parachromatism, to improve color vision.

We have realized that, can proofreading and correct with the color filter that warp is suitably selected unusually of the sensitivity curve of receptor, under most of parachromatism situations, be to move arbitrary sensitivity curve, make the minimizing of the light intensity that causes by color filter can compensate by the adaptation of human eye basically at lower edge wavelength to a certain degree.For example, because the logarithm sensitivity characteristic of eyes, be that 10% color filter only causes very little minimizing with transmissivity aspect light perception.

We also recognize, with special color filter, no matter there is the people of normal color sight still to have the people of unusual color vision can both give special color vision, be specific purposes, can improve his color resolution ability as the processing of identification garden pest, food and medicine, the detection of counterfeit etc. in this way.

Therefore, on the one hand, the present invention is a kind of method of improving or changing color vision, in this process, changes the vision of human eye by color filter is provided.According to the present invention; this method is characterised in that colored responsive first kind that determines eyes that color vision is to be changed; the spectrum sensitivity of second kind and the third receptor; use the color filter of a tool spectrum transparency then, it is at first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight is arranged like this; compensation is fixed in three wavelength coverages around the maximal value of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor; difference between the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the human eye of the normal or desirable color vision of the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the eyes that color vision is to be changed and tool.

On the other hand; the present invention relates to improve or change the optical devices of human eye color vision; it comprises the color filter of tool spectrum transparency, the spectrum sensitivity of corresponding receptor of its eye that compensation is fixed in three wavelength coverages around the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight is arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor, color vision is to be changed and tool is normal or the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the human eye of desirable color vision between difference.

The invention further relates to the method for the optical devices of making the color vision that improves or change human eye, in this process, form an optical body, described optical body includes a color filter.According to the present invention; spectrum transparency to color filter is selected, make the color filter eyes that the fixed color vision of compensation is to be changed in three wavelength coverages around the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight is arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor corresponding receptor spectrum sensitivity and tool is normal or the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the human eye of desirable color vision between difference.

Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in this instructions appending claims.

An advantage of the invention is that it passes through quite simple optical devices and eliminate or reduced indeterminable so far parachromatism, it can be applicable to ophthalmic practice by this technology production of having known in the optical field.

Another advantage is to use the present invention can not only eliminate parachromatism, and can also make color vision have more selectivity than normal eye in some aspects.

After this, will the present invention be described by embodiment shown in the drawings, wherein,

Fig. 1 is the spectral response curve figure of normal eye's visibility curve figure and colored responsive receptor thereof;

Fig. 2 is the normalized spectral response curve figure of the colored responsive receptor of normal eye;

Fig. 3 is normal eye and the spectral response curve figure that shows the colored responsive receptor of the unusual human eye of color vision;

Fig. 4 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram that improves the color filter of the color vision that shows unusual eyes shown in Figure 3 according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the wavelength shift figure that comprises according to one group of lens of color filter of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram according to color filter of the present invention that is used for unusual other situations of color vision to Fig. 8;

Fig. 9 is normal eye and the spectral response curve figure that shows the colored responsive receptor of the unusual human eye of another kind of type color vision;

Figure 10 is the spectrum transparency performance diagram that improves the color filter of the color vision that shows unusual eyes shown in Figure 9 according to the present invention;

The schematic sectional view of the different embodiment of the optical devices of the glasses that Figure 11 to Figure 14 makes according to the present invention;

Figure 15 is the schematic sectional view of embodiment of making the optical devices of contact lens according to the present invention;

Figure 16 is the schematic sectional view of embodiment of making the optical devices of intraocular lens according to the present invention;

Figure 17 makes the schematic side elevation of colour television set with the embodiment of the optical devices of color filter plate according to the present invention.

Parts of in the drawings, identical parts or identical function are marked with identical reference marks.

Fig. 1 shows the visibility curve V(λ of expression normal eye spectral luminous efficiency) and the spectrum P(λ of normal eye's photaesthesia acceptor), D(λ), T(λ) sensitivity curve, on the longitudinal axis, represent relative spectral sensitivity S(λ with %), and on transverse axis, represent wavelength X with nm.Visibility curve V(λ) be by sensitivity curve P(λ), D(λ) and T(λ) result that combines.As can be seen, the sensitivity curve P(λ of first kind of receptor) about the 565nm place maximal value is arranged, the sensitivity curve D(λ of second kind of receptor) about the 530nm place maximal value is arranged, the third receptor sensitivity curve T(λ) about the 448nm place maximal value is arranged.

In Fig. 2, show the normalization spectral response curve P(λ of normal eye's photaesthesia acceptor), D(λ), T(λ), on the longitudinal axis, represent relative spectral sensitivity S(λ with %), and on transverse axis, represent wavelength X with nm.In Fig. 3 and Fig. 9, also show the normalization spectral response curve.Normalization sensitivity curve T(λ) and D(λ) intersection point about the 480nm place, normalization sensitivity curve D(λ) and P(λ) intersection point about the 550nm place.For every group of crowd, the maximal value joining and to a certain extent the shape of sensitivity curve can be different.

In implementation process, have realized that the modal reason of unusual color vision is the deviation between the sensitivity curve of receptor sensitivity curve and the corresponding receptor of normal eye.This understanding makes us the sensitivity curve P of eyes to be tested ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*(λ) with each sensitivity curve P(λ of normal eye), D(λ) and T(λ) comparison.In the checking process to the people of unusual color vision, we find that the receptor sensitivity curve can be offset to both direction independently of each other along wavelength axis.We also experience, and can find the difference of each curve shape, and for example, the response curve of this curve ratio normal eye is wide or narrow.Can take place simultaneously along the skew of wavelength direction and the difference of shape.

According to the present invention, proofread and correct parachromatism in the following method or change color vision.

At first, determine the spectral response curve P of tested eyes ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*(λ), for example with this microspectroscope measuring method of having known.Yet, change the color vision of tested eyes with color filter, promptly in fact, proofread and correct corresponding sensitivity curve P ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*(λ), so that the color sensation of first kind of receptor of tested eyes, second kind of receptor and the third receptor corresponding to first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor spectral response curve P((λ), D(λ) and T(λ).

The spectral-transmission characteristics curve τ (λ) that is used for the color filter of above-mentioned correction can determine according to following formula:

P（λ）＝P ^＊（λ）·τP（λ） （1）

D（λ）＝D ^＊（λ）·τD（λ） （2）

T（λ）＝T ^＊（λ）·τT（λ） （3）

Wherein, P(λ), D(λ) and T(λ) be the sensitivity curve of first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor that the human eye of normal color sight or desirable color vision is arranged, P ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*(λ) be the sensitivity curve of first kind of receptor of color vision eyes to be changed, second kind of receptor and the third receptor; τ P(λ), τ D(λ) and τ T(λ) be the spectral-transmission characteristics of color filter that is used to proofread and correct the sensitivity of first kind of receptor, second kind of receptor and the third receptor.

Can obtain the special line τ of the transmission P(λ of following quotient function from equation (1)-(3)), τ D(λ) and τ T(λ):

$\mathrm{\τP}\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)=\frac{P\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}{P\·\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}\left(4\right)$ $\mathrm{\τD}\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)=\frac{D\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}{D\·\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}\left(5\right)$ $\mathrm{\τT}\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)=\frac{T\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}{T\·\left(\mathrm{\λ}\right)}\left(6\right)$

The transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of single color filter that proofreaies and correct all receptor mistakes is according to the transmissison characteristic τ P(λ of form (4) to (6)), τ D(λ) and τ T(λ) determine, combine by these values basically.When determining this combined result, with the sensitivity curve P(λ of normal eye's shown in Figure 2 receptor), D(λ) and T(λ) as basic.Spectral response curve P(λ at first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight is arranged) selective transmission characteristic τ P(λ in first wavelength coverage around the maximal value); At second kind of receptor spectral response curve D(λ) maximal value around second wavelength coverage in selective transmission characteristic τ D(λ); At the third receptor spectral response curve T(λ) maximal value around wavelength range in selective transmission characteristic τ T(λ).

The boundary value of described three wavelength coverages can be according to normal eye's normalization sensitivity curve P(λ), D(λ) and T(λ) the point of crossing determine.So first wavelength coverage is from corresponding to sensitivity curve P(λ) and D(λ) first wavelength value of point of crossing be that 550nm extends to 780nm, second wavelength coverage is from corresponding to sensitivity curve D(λ) and T(λ) second wavelength value of point of crossing be that 480nm extends to described first wavelength value, wavelength range extends to described second wavelength value from 380nm.The boundary value of described wavelength range also can be according to normal eye's sensitivity curve P(λ), D(λ) and T(λ) maximal value determine so that boundary value is on the mid point between the described maximal value place wavelength value.In the method, described first wavelength value and second wavelength value are respectively 548nm and 489nm.In practice, first and second wavelength value can be selected in 550 ± 30nm and 480 ± 20nm scope respectively.

Yet what obtain like this is not continuous function by three sections curves of forming usually, point of discontinuity can occur on the frontier point of wavelength coverage.According to the present invention, transmissison characteristic τ (λ) can draw from described curve with diverse ways.In first method, most technical may the coupling three sections curves and a continuous curve.Therefore, on the discontinuous point between section and the section, continuous curve leads on the adjacent segment from a section with short as far as possible summary footpath.In another approach, the method for using to each section multiplication by constants to eliminate point of discontinuity draws continuous curve.Constant can be definite like this, for example, the high value on each point of discontinuity determined divided by low value, each constant with acquisition like this on duty of section that is associated with low value.In the implementation procedure of reality, the breakpoint that may appear at the continuous curve on the frontier point of wavelength coverage has been slided by equating.According to another kind of method, these sections multiplication by constants, come to determine these constants like this, so that the reduction of the light intensity that surpasses the eyes adaptive faculty in particular range of wavelengths that is caused by color filter is reduced.In this case, obtain continuous curve by three sections curves that make a curve approximation multiplication by constants.

The continuous curve normalization that obtains like this, so that color filter has minimum absorptivity.In visible wavelength range (380-780nm), each value of continuous curve be multiply by 100 then divided by maximal value carry out best normalization.Preferably, normalization should be at least to 90%.After the normalization, just obtained transmissison characteristic τ (λ) to be achieved.

The light absorption that the color filter that the adaptive faculty of eyes is τ (λ) to every kind of receptor compensation transmissison characteristic in some limit causes.Because the high sensitivity of the eyes that adaptability causes, therefore applying a protective seam of having known according to the present invention on optical devices is desirable eyes are provided protection resist ultraviolet (UV) line.

Fig. 3 shows the sensitivity curve P(λ of normal eye's colored responsive receptor), D(λ), T(λ) and the sensitivity curve P of the corresponding receptor of the unusual eyes of color vision ^*(λ), D ^*(λ), T ^*(λ).With sensitivity curve P(λ) compare sensitivity curve P ^*(λ) to the long direction skew of wavelength, its shape also with sensitivity curve P(λ) deviation arranged.With sensitivity curve D(λ) compare sensitivity curve D ^*(λ) to the short direction skew of wavelength, its shape almost with sensitivity curve D(λ) identical.And, with sensitivity curve T(λ) compare sensitivity curve T ^*(λ) to the long direction skew of wavelength, its shape also with sensitivity curve T(λ) different.Degrees of offset is as follows: △ λ _P=17.5nm, △ λ _D=-4nm, △ λ _T=17.5nm.

Fig. 4 shows the spectral-transmission characteristics τ as function of wavelength (λ) as the color filter of proofreading and correct parachromatism shown in Figure 3.As can be seen, at sensitivity curve T(λ) the dull decline of transmissison characteristic τ (λ) in the wavelength coverage around the maximal value, and at sensitivity curve D(λ) the dull rising near the maximal value the wavelength coverage, and at sensitivity curve P(λ) dull again decline near the maximal value the wavelength coverage.The eyes of described parachromatism and the influence that color vision is subjected to this color filter are arranged, seem sensitivity curve T shown in Figure 3 ^*(λ) be offset △ λ left _T, sensitivity curve D ^*(λ) be offset △ λ to the right _D, and sensitivity curve P ^*(λ) also be offset △ λ left _PFor can be practical, sliding transmissison characteristic τ (λ) equating on the frontier point of wavelength coverage.

If the spectral response curve P of tested eyes ^*(λ), D ^*(λ), T ^*The spectral response curve P(λ of shape (λ) and the normal eyes of color vision), D(λ), T(λ) shape is identical, an only sensitivity curve or two sensitivity curves even all three sensitivity curves skew separately on the longer or shorter direction of wavelength, can have the transmissison characteristic that makes the light shift that enters eyes with one so is the color filter of τ (λ), like this at the sensitivity curve P(of the normal eyes of color vision λ), D(λ) and T(λ) maximal value near each scopes of described three wavelength coverages in, transmissison characteristic τ (λ) is dull to rise, cause that thus light is to the shorter direction skew of wavelength, perhaps dull decline, played light thus to the longer direction skew of wavelength, perhaps be essentially a constant, cause that hardly light is offset along wavelength direction.In these cases, be enough to determine the sensitivity curve P of tested eyes ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*Peaked side-play amount (λ) is in order to form the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of color filter in each scope of described three wavelength coverages.

By spectral response curve P(λ from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged), D(λ) and T(λ) and the maximal value of these spectral response curves is moved to the corresponding spectral response curve P of the color vision as above determined eyes to be changed ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*The curve that obtains on the maximal value (λ) produces three Shangqu lines and selects the spectrum transparency just can obtain to provide the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter of described wavelength shift in each scope of described three wavelength coverages according to each Shangqu line basically.

The great majority that have been found that the eyes that color vision is unusual only show as has a skew along above mentioned wavelength direction, and under the situation of most of parorasises, only at sensitivity curve P ^*(λ) and D ^*(λ) go up the existence skew.According to the present invention, for proofreading and correct this unusual color vision, can use glasses similar to known dioptric lens group or contact lens prefabricated group, parts are equivalent to two dimension collection as shown in Figure 5 in this group, and with the light that can guarantee to transmit respectively according to the coordinate figure △ λ of Fig. 5 _PWith △ λ _DAt the spectral response curve P(of the normal human eye of color vision λ) and D(λ) maximal value near described wavelength coverage in have the color filter of a displacement to match.△ λ _PWith △ λ _DCoordinate figure preferably change with the step size increments of 5nm ground.If unessential the third receptor sensitivity curve T in the parachromatism ^*(λ) also take into account, this is organized corresponding to the three-dimensional collection.

As shown in Figure 5, the △ λ on the transverse axis _DWith the △ λ on the longitudinal axis _PValue can be 0, ± 7.5, ± 12.5, ± 17.5 and ± 22.5nm.If the sensitivity curve D of color vision eyes to be corrected ^*(λ) move for example 6nm to the long direction of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve P of same eyes ^*(λ) move for example 12nm to the short direction of wavelength, so, the parts in the group of selecting to mark with asterisk among Fig. 5 are proofreaied and correct.Provide 7.5nm to the displacement of wavelength near the wavelength coverage of light second kind of receptor peak response of these parts for transmission than length direction, provide 12.5nm displacement near first kind of receptor peak response the wavelength coverage, to guarantee suitably to proofread and correct this parachromatism actually to the shorter direction of wavelength.

Optical devices according to improvement of the present invention or change color vision can be realized in many ways.Color filter with desirable transmission characteristic τ (λ) can advantageously be realized with this interference light filter of having known of being made up of the optics thin layer.Color filter with the nearly all transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of interference light filter can both be made.In this technology, the thin layer in mu m range overlays on glass or the plastic carrier multiple layers of different materials and thickness.Material of these layers and thickness can design with commercially available computer program.As the input data of design, it is enough to determine the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of color filter to be achieved.

In some cases, color filter can be made with coloured glass that suitable transparency is arranged or plastics, perhaps makes with the composition of this coloured glass or plastic layer.In document and glass catalogue, the spectrum transparency (ell Si Weier publishing house for example, Amsterdam, " optical property of glass " nineteen eighty-three of Feng Fande Garrick work, 154-155 page or leaf) of multiple coloured glass has been described.

Can also be according to color filter of the present invention with having the glass of one or more layers dye coating or plastic carrier to realize on its surface with suitable transparency.The eyeglass coloring process that employing is generally used for optics industry can be coated to the water base of the aniline dyes of various spectrum transparencies or alcohol-based solution on the lens surface.By the mixing of subtracting each other of various dyestuffs, promptly the thickness of the dye coating by suitably selecting material composition and coating can be determined suitable transparency τ (λ).On look can be with a thin SiO ₂Protective seam is protected.

Can also be according to color filter of the present invention technology above-mentioned in conjunction with realizing.For example, be used in combination coloured glass and its lip-deep dyestuff and can guarantee needed transparency.Can combine interference light filter with coloured glass, therefore, the optics thin layer is coated on coloured carrier.

To provide the color filter that is used in according in the optical devices of the present invention in some examples below.

Example 1:

By people's the eyes of test appointment, determined that the sensitivity curve of first kind of receptor and second kind of receptor has been offset 17.5nm to the long direction of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the 3rd receptor is consistent with normal eye.This means △ λ _P=17.5nm, △ λ _D=17.5nm, △ λ _P=0.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, a transmissison characteristic τ P(λ must be arranged) as shown in Figure 6 color filter, and proofread and correct, also need a transmissison characteristic τ D(λ for carrying out second kind of receptor) as shown in the figure color filter.For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct, it is corresponding to the transmissison characteristic τ T(λ of level).Obtain transmissison characteristic τ P(λ respectively according to equation (4) and (5)) and τ D(λ).Produce the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) shown in Fig. 6 dotted line to be achieved, with at selective transmission characteristic τ P(λ respectively in 550 to 780nm, 480 to 550nm and 380 to 480nm wavelength coverage), τ D(λ) and τ T(λ), and these three sections continuous curves of multiplication by constants acquisition.Realize color filter at carrier coated with the optical layers of specified material and thickness with thin-bed techniques such as for example evaporations.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on glass carrier, apply following 12 thin layers in order:

Layer 1 0.12 μ m MgF ₂

Layer 2 0.75 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 3 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 4 0.25 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 5 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 6 0.25 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 7 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 8 0.25 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 9 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 10 0.25 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 11 0.30 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 12 0.15 μ m SiO ₂

As the 13 layer, can be coated with and apply the UV protective seam that this has been known.As carrier,, for example available+the 2D eyeglass if the people uses this eyeglass on its tested eyes.If he does not wear glasses, then can on the OD eyeglass, apply these layers.

Example 2:

The first kind of receptor of tested eye and the sensitivity curve of second kind of receptor are respectively to wavelength short direction skew 27.5nm and 17.5nm, and the third receptor has the sensitivity identical with normal eye.This means △ λ _P=-27.5nm, △ λ _P=-17.5nm, △ λ _T=0.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, need a transmissison characteristic △ P(λ) as shown in Figure 7 color filter, and, a transmissison characteristic τ P(λ must be arranged for the correction of second kind of receptor) as shown in the figure color filter.Obtain transmissison characteristic τ P(λ respectively according to formula (4) and (5)) and τ D(λ).For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct, it is corresponding to horizontal transmissison characteristic τ T(λ).Produce the color filter transmissison characteristic τ (λ) shown in Fig. 7 dotted line to be achieved, with respectively from 548 to 780nm, 489 to 548nm and 380 in the wavelength coverage of 489nm selective transmission characteristic τ P(λ), τ D(λ) and τ T(λ), and make a continuous curve near these three sections.The optical layers that applies specified material and thickness with arbitrary thin-bed technique on carrier realizes color filter.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on the transparent plastic carrier, apply following thin layer in order:

Layer 1 0.25 μ m MgF ₂

Layer 2 0.95 μ m ZrO ₂+ TiO ₂Compound

Layer 3 0.25 μ m MgF ₂

Layer 4 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂+ TiO ₂Compound

Layer 5 0.25 μ m MgF ₂

Layer 6 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂+ TiO ₂Compound

Layer 7 0.25 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 8 0.25 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 9 0.40 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 10 0.50 μ m MgF ₂

Compound ZrO ₂+ TiO ₂Be the product of MERCK company by No. 16413 manufacturing of numbering.Being coated with the UV protective seam that one deck originally known is desirable as eleventh floor.As carrier,, for example available-the 2D eyeglass if the people uses this eyeglass on its tested eyes.If he is the hyperphoria with fixed eyeballs eyeball not, then can on the OD eyeglass, apply these layers.

Example 3:

Eyes by the test nominator, the sensitivity curve of having determined first kind of receptor is to the shorter direction skew of wavelength 12.5nm, the sensitivity curve of second kind of receptor is to the long direction skew 7.5nm of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the third receptor is consistent with normal eye.Sensitivity curve P ^*(λ) and D ^*The interval each other of maximal value (λ) is than the nearly 20nm of the normal situation of color vision.This means △ λ _P=-12.5nm, △ λ _T=7.5nm, △ λ _T=0.Proofread and correct for carrying out first kind of receptor, a transmissison characteristic τ P(λ must be arranged) as shown in Figure 8 color filter, also need a transmissison characteristic τ D(λ and proofread and correct for second kind of receptor) as shown in the figure color filter.For the third receptor, do not need to proofread and correct.It and horizontal transmissison characteristic τ T(λ) consistent.By these three transmissison characteristics are combined, obtain the transmissison characteristic τ (λ) of the color filter to be achieved shown in Fig. 8 dotted line as example 1 is described.The optical layers that applies specified material and thickness with arbitrary thin-bed technique on carrier is to realize color filter.For obtaining transmissison characteristic τ (λ) as shown in the figure, on glass carrier, apply following 8 layers of thin layer in order:

Layer 1 0.46 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 2 0.05 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 3 0.05 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 4 0.18 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 5 0.26 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 6 0.28 μ m SiO ₂

Layer 7 1.74 μ m ZrO ₂

Layer 8 0.25 μ m MgF ₂

As the 9th layer, can apply this known UV protective seam that waters of one deck.As carrier, when thin layer being sealed between the two plastics semi-permeable mirrors application examples as firmly+the 5D contact lens.Thin layer is coated on one of semi-permeable mirror, then two semi-permeable mirrors is put together, and along their edge fusing (Figure 15).

Example 4:

By people's the eyes of test appointment, the sensitivity curve of having determined first kind of receptor and second kind of receptor is all to the long direction skew 10nm of wavelength, and the sensitivity curve of the third receptor is consistent with normal eye.This means △ λ _P=10nm, △ λ _D=10nm, △ λ _T=0.Fig. 9 shows the sensitivity curve P(λ of normal eye's receptor), D(λ) and T(λ) and the sensitivity curve P of receptor that shows the eyes of above-mentioned abnormal conditions ^*(λ), D ^*(λ) and T ^*(λ).Have the color filter of transmissison characteristic as shown in figure 10 to be suitable for proofreading and correct this unusual, the glass optical filtering of 2 millimeters thick that this color filter can be made by the coloured glass of 8006T240 number manufacturing of numbering with Ba Erzesi (BACZERS) company is realized.

Comprise transmissivity and be the improvement of color filter of τ (λ) or the optical devices that change color vision and can make traditional eyes, contact lens or intraocular lens, perhaps other any optical devices between eyes and object observing.Glasses can be similar to simple sunglasses, but the people who proofreaies and correct refractive error for wearing glasses, can be according to coated optics thin layer of the present invention on optical mirror slip, or colouring, form color filter.After this, with some embodiment that describe with reference to the accompanying drawings according to the optical devices of improvement of the present invention or change color vision.

Figure 11 shows the optical devices of realizing as with the eyeglass that comprises negative dioptric lens 11 and zero diopter colored lens 10, and lens 10 constitute according to color filter of the present invention.Can the standard plane of bending that lens 10 make with dioptric lens 11 be complementary.Lens 10 and 11 material can be glass or plastics.

Figure 12 shows the optical devices of realizing as the eyeglass that comprises positive diopter lens 12 and zero diopter colored lens 13, and the latter represents according to color filter of the present invention.Still the standard plane of bending that lens 13 are made with dioptric lens 12 is complementary.Lens 12 and 13 material can be glass or plastics.

Figure 13 shows as comprising zero diopter glass or plastic lens 14 optical devices with the eyeglass realization that is coated on the optics thin layer 15 on its concave surface.Thin layer 15 expressions are according to interference color filter of the present invention.As optics thin layer 15 is shown scheming is in order to see clearly, and their real thickness is wanted Bao Deduo.

Figure 14 shows the optical devices that realization comprises the eyeglass of zero diopter colored lens 16 and 17, and they lump together expression according to color filter of the present invention.Lens 16 and 17 material can be glass or plastics.

Figure 15 shows as comprising two semi-permeable mirrors 18,19 and the optical devices realized of the contact lens 15 of optics thin layer 20, two semi-permeable mirrors of being made by hard material 18 and 19 are guaranteed required diopter, and optics thin layer 20 forms according to interference color filter of the present invention between them.Thin layer 20 is applied on one of semi-permeable mirror, for example on semi-permeable mirror 18, then two semi-permeable mirrors 18 and 19 is lumped together and along its edge 21 fusings.Use semi-permeable mirror 18 and 19 sealing thin layers 20 made by the material of bio-compatible (biocompatible), so when wearing contact lens 5, can not produce any problem.In some cases, contact lens 5 can also be made with the coloured plastics material material that the right transmission characteristic is arranged, and these contact lenses 5 can also be made with flexible material.

Figure 16 shows the optical devices of realizing as intraocular lens, and it mainly is used for replacing the natural lens of eyes in cataract procedure.Guaranteeing have optics thin layer 24 to form between necessary dioptric two semi-permeable mirrors 22 and 23 according to color filter of the present invention.Thin layer 24 for example is applied on one of semi-permeable mirror on semi-permeable mirror 22, then two semi-permeable mirrors 22 and 23 is lumped together and along its edge 25 fusings.Use semi-permeable mirror 22 and 23 sealing thin layers 24 made by biocompatible material, so when wearing the intraocular lens 6 of implantation, can not produce any problem.This knows, and intraocular lens 6 has two antennal organs 26 and 27(haptica) with fixing intraocular lens 6.

Figure 17 shows the optical devices of realizing as filter 7, before it can place before the screen 29 of the colour television set 28 with support 33 or place color monitor with this suspended structure of having known 30.If the unusual people of color vision wants to see colour true to nature in the TV screen 29, he can put filter 7.Filter 7 as shown in the figure comprises two-layer glass or clarity plastic layer 31 and 32 that different colours is arranged, but also can make with being coated with glass or the transparent plastic material represented according to the interference light filter of color filter of the present invention on it.Yet filter 7 can also be realized with other method of having mentioned.Can also be with methods such as for example evaporations representing to be coated on the screen 29 according to the optically thin layer system of color filter of the present invention.

According to the present invention, not only unusual color vision can be proofreaied and correct, but also normal color sight can be changed, the color resolution ability that for example can improve the normal people of color vision is can more easily finish special task.For example, can be by entering the light of eyes at sensitivity curve P(λ) maximal value near wavelength coverage in to the long direction of wavelength move and at sensitivity curve D(λ) maximal value near wavelength coverage in move than the direction of weak point to wavelength and to improve red-green resolution characteristic.It can be applied to the quality test, ore dressing work, special military mission, the fields such as discriminating of authenticity of banknotes of observation work, the food of skin disease medical diagnosis, image processing.Can be paired in a people that normal color sight arranged and only change his color vision of eyes and be used for special task making according to optical devices of the present invention.For reaching desirable color vision, can according to formula (4) to (6) come to determine transmissison characteristic τ (λ) according to look mirror of the present invention, its way be do not consider normal eye receptor sensitivity curve and replace the sensitivity curve of consideration corresponding to desirable color vision.

According to the present invention, determine to improve or change the color filter of the optical devices of color vision according to the color vision characteristic curve of specifying eyes.Usually, two eyes of the unusual people of color vision show identical unusual color vision.It is rarely found that two eyes have the situation of different separately color visions.Certainly, this means that each eye needs one to be suitable for its oneself the different color filter of the color filter with another eyes and to proofread and correct its parachromatism.

Obviously, for those concerning person skilled in the art, above what disclosed only is example, make all selections, modifications and changes in their claims limited below the scope of the present invention.

Claims (23)

1, a kind of method of improving or changing color vision, in this process by providing color filter to change the vision of human eye, the colored first kind of responsive receptor that it is characterized in that the eyes that definite color vision is to be changed, the spectrum sensitivity of second kind of receptor and the third receptor provides the color filter with spectrum transparency to make its first kind of receptor at the normal human eye of color vision, difference between the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor that the eye that the fixed color vision of compensation is to be changed near three wavelength coverages the maximal value of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor is fine and the human eye of normal color sight or desirable color vision.

2,, it is characterized in that color filter can be realized by eyeglass (1,2,3,4) or contact lens (5) or intraocular lens (6) according to the method for claim 1.

3,, it is characterized in that color filter places between eyes and the observed target according to the method for claim 1.

4, a kind of optical devices that improve or change the color vision of human eye, comprise the color of wave mirror, it is characterized in that color filter has such spectrum transparency so that near its three wavelength coverage the maximal value of the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the normal human eye of color vision, second kind of receptor and the third receptor the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the fixed color vision of compensation eyes to be changed and normal color sight is arranged or the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor body of the human eye of desirable color vision between difference.

5,, it is characterized in that the spectrum transparency of color filter is consistent to the merchant of the spectral response curve of the corresponding receptor of color vision eyes to be changed with the spectral response curve of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor basically in described three wavelength coverages according to the optical devices of claim 4.

6, according to the optical devices of claim 4, it is characterized in that selecting like this spectrum transparency of color filter, so that color filter provides wavelength shift in described three wavelength coverages, these skews correspond essentially to the wavelength value related with the spectral response curve maximum point of first kind of receptor of the human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, second kind of receptor and the third receptor and fixed, and the related wavelength value of the maximum point of the spectral response curve of the color vision corresponding receptor of eyes to be changed between difference.

7, according to the optical devices of claim 6, the dull rising in each scope of described three wavelength coverages causes to the shorter direction of wavelength and moves the spectrum transparence value that it is characterized in that described color filter, perhaps dull decline causes to wavelength moves than length direction, perhaps be essentially constant, cause mobile hardly along wavelength.

8, according to any optical devices in the claim 4 to 7, the transparent normalization maximal value of characteristic of penetrating of spectrum that it is characterized in that color filter is greater than 90%.

9,, it is characterized in that described three wavelength coverages are for first wavelength coverage that extends to 780nm from 550 ± 30nm, extend to second wavelength coverage of 550 ± 30nm and extend to the wavelength range of 480 ± 20nm from 380nm from 480 ± 20nm according to the optical devices of claim 4.

10, according to the optical devices of claim 4, it is characterized in that optical devices are the eyeglass (1 that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, 2,3,4), it has an additive, this additive is in its material, and/or be painted on its surface, and/or form by two or more different nonferrous layers, and/or have one group of optics thin layer (15) to form interference light filter in its surface.

11, according to the optical devices of claim 4, it is characterized in that optical devices are the contact lense (5) that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, it has an additive, this additive is in its material, and/or be painted on its surface, and/or form, and/or there is one group of optics thin layer (20) to form interference light filter in its surface by two or more different nonferrous layers.

12, according to the optical devices of claim 4, it is characterized in that optical devices are the intraocular lens (6) that diopter or zero diopter are arranged, it has an additive, this additive is in its material, and/or be painted on its surface, and/or form, and/or there is one group of optics thin layer (24) to form interference light filter in its surface by two or more different nonferrous layers.

13,, it is characterized in that optics thin layer group (20,24) is sealed in the material of lens (5,6) according to the optical devices of claim 11 or 12.

14, according to the optical devices of claim 4, it is characterized in that described optical devices are glass or transparent plastic filter (7), it has an additive, this additive is in its material, and/or be painted on its surface, and/or by two or more different nonferrous layers (31,32) compositions, and/or there is one group of optics thin layer to form interference light filter in its surface.

15, according to the optical devices one of in claim 10 to 12 and 14, it is characterized in that further comprising that a protective seam is with ultraviolet radiation preventing.

16, a kind of method of improving or changing the optical devices of human eye color vision of making, in manufacture process, form an optical body, described optical body comprises color filter, it is characterized in that selecting like this spectrum transparency of color filter, make the first kind receptor of color filter at the normal human eye of color vision, the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the eyes that the fixed color vision of compensation is to be changed near three wavelength coverages the maximal value of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and normal color sight is arranged or the spectrum sensitivity of the corresponding receptor of the human eye of desirable color vision between difference.

17, method according to claim 16, it is characterized in that by determining first kind of receptor of the eyes that color vision is to be changed, the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor, first kind of receptor from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, the spectral response curve of the corresponding receptor of the eyes that the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and fixed color vision are to be changed produces three Shangqu lines, and, in each of described three wavelength coverages, select the spectrum transparency to obtain the spectrum transparency of color filter in fact according to each bar Shangqu line.

18, method according to claim 16, it is characterized in that by first kind of receptor definite and eyes that color vision is to be changed, the wavelength value that the maximum point of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor is associated, produce and first kind of receptor that the human eye of normal color sight or desirable color vision is arranged, the wavelength value that the maximum point of the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor is associated and fixed, with the difference between the wavelength value that the maximum point of the spectral response curve of the corresponding receptor of color vision eyes to be changed is associated, and select the spectrum transparency that color filter is provided in each scope of described three wavelength coverages basically corresponding to the wavelength shift of each difference, obtain the spectrum transparency of color filter.

19, method according to claim 18, it is characterized in that by first kind of receptor from human eye that normal color sight or desirable color vision are arranged, the spectral response curve of second kind of receptor and the third receptor and the maximum point of these spectral response curves is moved on to the curve that obtains on the maximum point of spectral response curve of corresponding receptor of the color vision determined eyes to be changed and produce three Shangqu lines, in each scope of described three wavelength coverages, select the spectrum transparency by each bar Shangqu line in fact, obtain to provide the spectral-transmission characteristics of the color filter of described wavelength shift.

20, according to the method for claim 17 or 19, it is characterized in that when determining the spectrum transparency of color filter, a continuous curve and described three Shangqu lines are complementary, and described curve are carried out conversion, make its normalization maximal value greater than 90% by multiply by a constant.

21, according to the method for claim 17 or 19, it is characterized in that when determining the spectrum transparency of color filter, obtain a continuous curve by the multiplication by constants of described three Shangqu lines being made they on the border of described three wavelength coverages, mate mutually, and logical multiply by a constant described continuous curve is carried out conversion, make its normalization maximal value greater than 90%.

22, according to the method for claim 17 or 19, it is characterized in that when determining the spectrum transparency of color filter, the multiplication by constants of described three Shangqu lines, make a continuous curve and be complementary, described continuous curve is carried out conversion make its normalization maximal value greater than 90% by multiply by a constant by the described curve that obtains that multiplies each other.

23, according to the method for claim 1 or 16, it is characterized in that described three wavelength coverages for extending to first wavelength coverage of 780nm from 550 ± 30nm, extend to second wavelength coverage of 550nm and extend to the wavelength range of 480 ± 20nm from 380nm from 480 ± 20nm.

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