CN108631028B - Broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmon polaritons and working method thereof - Google Patents

Broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmon polaritons and working method thereof Download PDF

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CN108631028B
CN108631028B CN201810238330.2A CN201810238330A CN108631028B CN 108631028 B CN108631028 B CN 108631028B CN 201810238330 A CN201810238330 A CN 201810238330A CN 108631028 B CN108631028 B CN 108631028B
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conducting block
waveguide
block
equivalent
end surface
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CN108631028A (en
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汪宽
李茁
宋佳佳
董晓航
徐佰杰
季玉雷
陶满
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons, which comprises a first conduction block and a second conduction block; the first conducting block is a hollow isosceles trapezoid block with an opening at the lower end surface; the second conducting block is a hollow cuboid with two open ends, and a through hole with the same shape as the lower end surface of the first conducting block is arranged in the center of one side surface of the second conducting block; a plurality of metal strips parallel to the end surface of the opening of the first conducting block are periodically arranged on the through hole; four sides of the lower end surface of the first conducting block are fixedly connected with four sides of the through hole in a seamless mode, one opening end surface of the second conducting block serves as an input end of the guided wave signal, and the other opening end surface serves as an output end. When the waveguide signal conversion device works, waveguide signals are converted into equivalent surface plasmons from TE10 modes, and the equivalent surface plasmons are converted into TE10 modes for output after being efficiently and rapidly transmitted in a bound state in a plasma waveguide. The invention has small size, simple structure, convenient integration and wide application, and supports the efficient transmission of equivalent surface plasmons in broadband.

Description

Broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmon polaritons and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of guided wave structures, in particular to a broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons and a working method thereof.
Background
Surface plasmons (Surface Plasmon Polaritons, SPPs for short) are a non-radiative electromagnetic mode formed by the mutual coupling of free electrons and incident photons on the surface of a metal, and are electromagnetic waves which locally propagate at the interface between the metal and a medium. When electromagnetic waves are incident on the interface between the metal and the medium, surface electromagnetic wave oscillation is generated at the interface, the amplitude of the surface electromagnetic wave oscillation is strongest at the interface, and the surface electromagnetic wave oscillation decays exponentially in the metal and the medium after leaving the interface. The high constraint characteristic of SPPs to electromagnetic fields enables the SPPs to break through diffraction limit, sub-wavelength constraint of the electromagnetic fields is realized, and meanwhile, local convergence and amplification of electromagnetic energy can be realized on a nanometer scale.
In order to realize the SPPs phenomenon similar to the optical band at the low frequency band (microwave or terahertz band) and design a low frequency band plasma metamaterial device by utilizing the superior performance thereof, in 2004, pendry et al proposed a concept of metal artificial surface and artificial surface plasmons (Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons, abbreviated to SSPPs). In the microwave or terahertz wave band, the metal is generally regarded as an ideal conductor, the smooth metal surface can not transmit SPPs at all, however, after holes which are distributed periodically are etched on the metal surface, the surface can transmit electromagnetic modes similar to the SPPs in the optical wave band, so that the plasma frequency of the metal surface layer is reduced equivalently, and the key problem that the SPPs in the low frequency band can not be generated is solved for the first time. In 2016, professor engreta, university of bincyfaberia, et al, proposed the concept of equivalent surface plasmons (Effective Surface Plasmon Polaritons, ESPPs for short) that in metal waveguides, such as parallel plate waveguides, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, etc., a structural dispersion induced ESPPs could be realized in the low frequency band. SPPs produced in the optical band originate from metals that exhibit negative dielectric constants in the optical band, with the real parts of the dielectric constants being opposite in sign across the metal and air interface. According to the theory of equivalent media, the equivalent dielectric constant of the filling media in the metal wall waveguide can be arbitrarily regulated and controlled by changing the port size of the waveguide and the relative dielectric constant and working frequency of the media, and when the real parts of the equivalent dielectric constants of different filling media of the waveguide show different numbers, electromagnetic modes similar to SPPs in an optical frequency band can be found on a media interface. Compared with SSPPs, the ESPPs concept not only eliminates the influence of metal loss on signal transmission, but also omits the design of a periodic structure and reduces the complexity of structural design.
In recent years, many SSPPs-based different performance filters have emerged, including low pass filters, bandpass, bandstop filters, and the like. In order to solve the problems of high loss and high structural complexity of an SSPPs filter, the advantages of ESPPs compared with SSPPs are utilized, the excellent characteristics of ESPPs are applied to the design of the filter, and the construction of a microwave filter is realized in a novel mode. The ESPPs dispersion characteristics have the following characteristics: ESPPs have strong field constraints and field enhancements around progressive frequencies; the ESPPs will cut off as soon as the frequency is higher than the asymptotic frequency. Because the transmission characteristics of the traditional rectangular waveguide are similar to those of a high-pass filter, a novel broadband rectangular waveguide band-pass filter can be designed by utilizing the cut-off characteristics of ESPPs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high loss and high structural complexity of a filter based on SSPPs in the background technology, the invention provides a broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons and a working method thereof, and the filter has a simple model structure, remarkably reduces the loss and the structural complexity of the filter and realizes high-efficiency broadband filtering of the filter.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons comprises a first conduction block and a second conduction block;
the first conduction block is a hollow isosceles trapezoid block with an opening at the lower end surface and comprises a rectangular upper end surface, two rectangular inclined surfaces, two isosceles trapezoid side surfaces and an opening lower end surface;
the second conducting block is a hollow cuboid with two open ends and comprises four side faces and two open end faces, and a through hole with the same shape as the lower end face of the first conducting block is arranged in the center of one side face of the second conducting block;
a plurality of metal strips parallel to the end face of the opening of the first conducting block are periodically arranged on the through hole along the extending direction of the second conducting block;
the first conducting block is arranged on one surface of the second conducting block, which is provided with a through hole, four sides of the lower end surface of the first conducting block are seamlessly and fixedly connected with four sides of the through hole, one opening end surface of the second conducting block is used as an input end of a guided wave signal, and the other opening end surface is used as an output end;
the first conducting block, the second conducting block and the metal strip are all made of metal with good conductivity.
As a further optimization scheme of the broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons, the first conducting block, the second conducting block and the metal strip are all made of copper or aluminum.
As a further optimization scheme of the broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons, the length a of the parallel edge of the boundary line between the two opening end faces of the second conducting block and the upper end face and the inclined plane of the first conducting block is 22.86mm, and the distance b between the side face of the through hole arranged in the second conducting block and the parallel side face of the through hole is 10.16mm;
the width d=a/100 of the metal strip, and the periodic distance p=a/20 of the metal strip on the through hole;
the wall thickness t of the first conduction block and the wall thickness t of the second conduction block are both 0.5mm.
The invention also discloses a working method of the broadband band-pass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons, which comprises the following specific processes:
in the broadband band-pass filter, a first rectangular waveguide is formed between the input end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the input end; the part of the first conducting block, which is close to the inclined plane of the input end and corresponds to the inclined plane, forms a first transition waveguide; a plasma waveguide supporting equivalent surface plasmons is formed at a part corresponding to the upper end surface of the first conducting block; the part, corresponding to the inclined plane, of the first conducting block far away from the input end forms a second transition waveguide; a second rectangular waveguide is formed between the output end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the output end;
when filtering is carried out, the first rectangular waveguide firstly converts a guided wave signal input by an input end into a TE10 mode and then transmits the TE10 mode to the first transition waveguide;
the first transition waveguide converts a guiding signal of a TE10 mode into an equivalent surface plasmon and transmits the equivalent surface plasmon to the plasma waveguide;
the equivalent surface plasmons are efficiently and rapidly transmitted to the second transition waveguide in a bound state on the plasma waveguide;
the second transition waveguide transmits a guiding signal of converting equivalent surface plasmons into TE10 modes to the second rectangular waveguide;
and the second rectangular waveguide converts the broadcasting guide signal of the TE10 mode into a common waveguide signal and then outputs the common waveguide signal through an output end.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the equivalent surface plasmon waveguide can support efficient transmission of equivalent surface plasmons in a broadband.
2. The invention has the characteristics of small size, simple structure, convenient integration and wide application, and the plasma waveguide can realize the conversion from TE10 modes to equivalent surface plasmons through the combination of rectangular waveguides with different transverse widths, and can be widely applied to substrate integrated waveguides, circular waveguides and elliptical waveguides.
3. According to the equivalent surface plasmon waveguide provided by the invention, the equivalent dielectric constant of the air in the first conducting block is regulated and controlled by changing the transverse width of the first conducting block, so that the equivalent dielectric constant of the air in the first conducting block and the second conducting block are different in number to excite the equivalent surface plasmon, the problem of dielectric loss is solved, and a new thought is provided for the design of the guided wave structure of the microwave section.
4. The cut-off frequency of the equivalent surface plasmon waveguide supporting the equivalent surface plasmon transmission bandwidth depends on the transverse width of the first conducting block, the transmission bandwidth of the equivalent surface plasmon waveguide can be regulated and controlled at will by changing the transverse width of the first conducting block, and a wideband band-pass filter with frequency doubling and frequency tripling bandwidths can be designed based on the equivalent surface plasmon waveguide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall model structure of a plasma waveguide of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are front view of the present invention and schematic side view of the through hole of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plasma waveguide structural unit of the present invention;
FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are graphs showing the effects of the h and w variations in FIG. 3 on the dispersion characteristics, respectively;
fig. 5 (a), 5 (b) and 5 (c) are S-parameter effect graphs of the plasma waveguide at w=3a/4, w=a/2 and w=a/4 in fig. 3, respectively;
fig. 6 shows the S parameters for filter simulation and testing.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
this invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the components are exaggerated for clarity.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a broadband bandpass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons, which comprises a first conducting block and a second conducting block;
the first conduction block is a hollow isosceles trapezoid block with an opening at the lower end surface and comprises a rectangular upper end surface, two rectangular inclined surfaces, two isosceles trapezoid side surfaces and an opening lower end surface;
the second conducting block is a hollow cuboid with two open ends and comprises four side faces and two open end faces, and a through hole with the same shape as the lower end face of the first conducting block is arranged in the center of one side face of the second conducting block;
a plurality of metal strips parallel to the end face of the opening of the first conducting block are periodically arranged on the through hole along the extending direction of the second conducting block;
the first conducting block is arranged on one surface of the second conducting block, which is provided with a through hole, four sides of the lower end surface of the first conducting block are seamlessly and fixedly connected with four sides of the through hole, one opening end surface of the second conducting block is used as an input end of a guided wave signal, and the other opening end surface is used as an output end;
the first conducting block, the second conducting block and the metal strip are all made of metal with good conductivity.
The first conducting block, the second conducting block and the metal strip are all made of copper or aluminum.
In the broadband band-pass filter, a first rectangular waveguide is formed between the input end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the input end; the part of the first conducting block, which is close to the inclined plane of the input end and corresponds to the inclined plane, forms a first transition waveguide; a plasma waveguide supporting equivalent surface plasmons is formed at a part corresponding to the upper end surface of the first conducting block, wherein in the plasma waveguide, the equivalent dielectric constant of upper air is negative, and the equivalent dielectric constant of lower air is positive; the part, corresponding to the inclined plane, of the first conducting block far away from the input end forms a second transition waveguide; a second rectangular waveguide is formed between the output end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the output end;
when filtering is carried out, the first rectangular waveguide firstly converts a guided wave signal input by an input end into a TE10 mode and then transmits the TE10 mode to the first transition waveguide;
the first transition waveguide converts a guiding signal of a TE10 mode into an equivalent surface plasmon and transmits the equivalent surface plasmon to the plasma waveguide;
the equivalent surface plasmons are efficiently and rapidly transmitted to the second transition waveguide in a bound state on the plasma waveguide;
the second transition waveguide transmits a guiding signal of converting equivalent surface plasmons into TE10 modes to the second rectangular waveguide;
and the second rectangular waveguide converts the broadcasting guide signal of the TE10 mode into a common waveguide signal and then outputs the common waveguide signal through an output end.
The length of the parallel edge of the boundary line between the upper end face and the inclined plane of the first conducting block in the two opening end faces of the second conducting block is a, and the distance between the side face of the through hole arranged in the second conducting block and the parallel side face of the through hole is b; the width of the metal strip is d, and the periodic distance of the metal strip on the through hole is p; the length of the boundary between the upper end face of the first conducting block and the inclined plane is w, and the height of the inclined plane is h; the wall thickness of the first conduction block and the wall thickness of the second conduction block are both t.
Example 1
The broadband bandpass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons comprises five parts, namely a first rectangular waveguide (region I), a first transition waveguide (region II), a plasma waveguide (region III), a second rectangular waveguide and a second transition waveguide.
The wall thickness of the first conducting block and the wall thickness of the second conducting block are t=0.5 mm, and the port sizes of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide are a=22.86×10.16mm 2 The lengths of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide are l 1 The length of the first transition waveguide and the second transition waveguide is l 2 =2a, plasma waveguide length l 3 ＝4a。
As shown in fig. 2 (a), 2 (b) and 3, the whole structure of the plasma waveguide is based on an air waveguide and consists of two rectangular waveguides with unequal transverse widths up and down, and the dimensions of the lower layers are a×b=22.86×10.16mm 2 The size of the upper layer is w×h.
Metal bar width d=a/100, and metal bar periodicity distance p=a/20 on the via.
The width and period of the metal strips do not greatly affect the dispersion characteristics of the plasma waveguide structural unit, since the effect of the metal strips is to suppress only the TM mode. As shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the structural unit was subjected to dispersion simulation by changing different parameters, and as shown in fig. 4 (a), when h gradually increases, the corresponding dispersion curve gradually deviates from the dispersion curve of the TE10 mode. The inset in fig. 4 (a) is a partial enlarged view of the dispersion curve, and it can be observed that the wave vector is graded at the same frequency when the low frequency band h value is different, and the design method of wave vector matching and impedance matching can be supported by this characteristic. By keeping w unchanged and adopting gradual change type h, TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide can be stably converted into equivalent surface plasmon surface wave mode. When h=b, w gradually changes from a/4 to 3a/4 in a/8 step size, the corresponding dispersion curve is as shown in fig. 4 (b), and as the width increases, the dispersion curve deviates from the curve of the TE10 mode, and the asymptotic frequency is continuously reduced, which means that the equivalent surface plasmons transmitted in the filter are more strongly bound. Therefore, the relation between the cut-off frequency of the filter and the width of the upper rectangular waveguide also allows us to adjust the bandwidth of the filter by adjusting the geometric dimension of the structure, thereby facilitating the design of the device.
Example two
In order to analyze the relation between the bandwidth of the filter and the lateral width of the upper layer waveguide, we designed three w-type filters, w=3a/4,w =a/2,w =a/4, respectively, and obtained corresponding S parameters by using a time domain solver of electromagnetic simulation software CST, as shown in fig. 5 (a) to 5 (c). Wherein the curve of diamond symbols represents the transmission coefficient S21 and the curve of circular symbols represents the reflection coefficient S11.
Fig. 5 (a) shows S parameters when w=3a/4, the operating band is 6.6GHz to 8.6GHz, the insertion loss in the passband is above-0.3 dB, the return loss is below-15 dB, the out-of-band insertion loss is below-25 dB, the return loss is above-0.3 dB, and the cut-off frequency is well matched with the asymptotic frequency of the corresponding dispersion curve; fig. 5 (b) is the S parameter with w=a/2, the operating band is 6.6GHz to 13.1GHz, the near-doubling bandwidth is achieved, the in-band reflection coefficient S11 is even lower than-25 dB, and the transmission performance is better than the former; fig. 5 (c) is an S parameter when w=a/4, the working frequency band is 6.6GHz to 24.4GHz, the near-four frequency bandwidth is achieved, the insertion loss of the passband is above-0.3 dB, the return loss in the passband is below-30 dB, and the effect of broadband filtering is very good; according to the S parameter curves of the filter under three different parameters, the rectangular waveguide band-pass filter designed by using equivalent surface plasmons can realize broadband efficient filtering, and meanwhile, the passband bandwidth of the filter can be regulated and controlled by reasonably controlling the width of a narrow waveguide.
Example III
To verify the performance of the designed filter we made a real object of the filter. Due to the limitation of processing precision, part of parameters are redesigned: the metal wall thickness t=2 mm, p=4 mm, d=2 mm, the other parameters remaining the same as before. The S parameters of the filter are tested, flange plates at two sides of the filter are connected with a rectangular waveguide-to-SMA coaxial converter, SMA adapter at two ends of the filter are connected with an Agilent N5230C vector network analyzer, wherein the left side is a feed end, and the right side is a receiving end. The working frequency band of the joint of the coaxial rectangular waveguide is 8.2GHz to 12.4GHz.
The simulation result and the test result of the S parameter are shown in fig. 6, wherein the curve with the open symbol is the simulation result, the curve with the solid symbol is the test result, and the best-designed filter test result can be well matched with the simulation result. Simulation results show that the transmission coefficients S21 are above-0.3 dB and the reflection coefficients S11 are below-20 dB within the range from 6.6GHz to 12.8GHz, so that the electromagnetic wave can be efficiently transmitted in a broadband. Because the effective working frequency range from the rectangular waveguide to the SMA coaxial converter has limitation, the test result shows slight difference from the simulation result in the low frequency range. However, in the range of 8.2GHz to 12.4GHz, the reflection coefficient of the two is below-15 dB, and the transmission coefficient is higher than-0.6 dB, thus proving the feasibility of our design. The overall performance of the bandpass filter achieves a passband of about twice the frequency. The design utilizes the slow wave characteristic of surface plasmons to realize the design of a broadband band-pass filter. The bandwidth of the filter passband is conveniently regulated and controlled by changing the width of the upper narrow waveguide.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The working method of the broadband band-pass filter based on the equivalent surface plasmons comprises the steps of a first conduction block and a second conduction block;
the first conduction block is a hollow isosceles trapezoid block with an opening at the lower end surface and comprises a rectangular upper end surface, two rectangular inclined surfaces, two isosceles trapezoid side surfaces and an opening lower end surface;
the second conducting block is a hollow cuboid with two open ends and comprises four side faces and two open end faces, and a through hole with the same shape as the lower end face of the first conducting block is arranged in the center of one side face of the second conducting block;
a plurality of metal strips parallel to the end face of the opening of the first conducting block are periodically arranged on the through hole along the extending direction of the second conducting block;
the first conducting block is arranged on one surface of the second conducting block, which is provided with a through hole, four sides of the lower end surface of the first conducting block are seamlessly and fixedly connected with four sides of the through hole, one opening end surface of the second conducting block is used as an input end of a guided wave signal, and the other opening end surface is used as an output end;
the first conducting block, the second conducting block and the metal strip are all made of metal with good conductivity;
the method is characterized in that the working method of the broadband band-pass filter based on the equivalent surface plasmons is as follows:
in the broadband band-pass filter, a first rectangular waveguide is formed between the input end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the input end; the part of the first conducting block, which is close to the inclined plane of the input end and corresponds to the inclined plane, forms a first transition waveguide; a plasma waveguide supporting equivalent surface plasmons is formed at a part corresponding to the upper end surface of the first conducting block; the part, corresponding to the inclined plane, of the first conducting block far away from the input end forms a second transition waveguide; a second rectangular waveguide is formed between the output end and the inclined surface of the first conducting block, which is close to the output end;
when filtering is carried out, the first rectangular waveguide firstly converts a guided wave signal input by an input end into a TE10 mode and then transmits the TE10 mode to the first transition waveguide;
the first transition waveguide converts the guided wave signal of the TE10 mode into an equivalent surface plasmon and transmits the equivalent surface plasmon to the plasma waveguide;
the equivalent surface plasmons are efficiently and rapidly transmitted to the second transition waveguide in a bound state on the plasma waveguide;
the second transition waveguide transmits a guided wave signal which is formed by converting equivalent surface plasmons into TE10 modes to the second rectangular waveguide;
and the second rectangular waveguide converts the guided wave signal of the TE10 mode into a common guided wave signal and then outputs the common guided wave signal through an output end.
2. The method for operating an equivalent surface plasmon based broadband bandpass filter according to claim 1, wherein the first conducting block, the second conducting block, and the metal strip are all made of copper or aluminum.
3. The method for operating a broadband bandpass filter based on equivalent surface plasmons according to claim 1, wherein the length a of the parallel edge of the boundary line between the upper end surface and the inclined surface of the first conducting block in the two opening end surfaces of the second conducting block is 22.86mm, and the distance b between the side surface of the second conducting block where the through hole is arranged and the parallel side surface is 10.16mm;
the width d=a/100 of the metal strip, and the periodic distance p=a/20 of the metal strip on the through hole;
the wall thickness t of the first conduction block and the wall thickness t of the second conduction block are both 0.5mm.
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