CN108501743B - Wireless charging device for electric automobile - Google Patents

Wireless charging device for electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108501743B
CN108501743B CN201810219606.2A CN201810219606A CN108501743B CN 108501743 B CN108501743 B CN 108501743B CN 201810219606 A CN201810219606 A CN 201810219606A CN 108501743 B CN108501743 B CN 108501743B
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China
Prior art keywords
iron core
receiving coil
cylinder
coil
electromagnetic
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CN108501743A (en
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施艳艳
冯静
王萌
王璨
范悦
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Henan Normal University
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Henan Normal University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wireless charging device for an electric automobile, which adopts a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless electric energy receiving and transmitting mode and comprises an electromagnetic receiving part, a processing circuit and a storage battery pack, wherein the electromagnetic receiving part comprises a receiving coil and a coupling reinforced iron core; the coupling reinforced iron core comprises an iron core middle cylinder and iron core two-end cylinders positioned at two ends of the iron core middle cylinder; radius R of cross section of cylinder in middle of iron core and radius R of receiving coil2Equal; the height h of the cylinders at the two ends of the iron core is 1/4 of the length L of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core. The invention enhances the magnetic coupling effect between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil during long-distance transmission and improves the transmission distance of wireless charging of the electric automobile.

Description

Wireless charging device for electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless power transmission, and relates to a wireless charging device for an electric automobile.
Background
Wireless power transmission is also called contactless power transmission, and refers to a mode of power transmission from a power source to a load without direct electrical contact. Wireless power transmission has been a dream for humans. Nikola Tesla, a scientist in the United states, showed his wireless phosphorescent lighting lamp as early as 1893 at the Columbia world exposition. The nikola tesla lights the bulb without any wire connection using the principle of wireless power transmission. This is an important attempt by humans in the early stages of wireless power transmission. In 2007, professor Marin Soljacic, Inc. of the national institute of technology and technology, Massachusetts, USA, made a new development in medium-distance wireless power transmission. Subsequently, researchers around the world have conducted more and more research into wireless power transmission.
According to different transmission mechanisms, wireless power transmission can be classified into a magnetic induction coupling type, a magnetic coupling resonance type, a microwave radiation type, a laser type, an electric field coupling type, an ultrasonic type, and the like. The magnetic induction coupling type and magnetic coupling resonance type wireless electric energy utilizes an alternating magnetic field generated by a transmitting coil to couple electric energy to a receiving coil, so that wireless electric energy transmission of a load is realized. The inductive coupling technology has a large transmission power, a high transmission efficiency in a short transmission distance, and a rapid decrease in the transmission efficiency with an increase in the transmission distance. The microwave radiation type and the laser mode utilize the far field radiation effect of an electromagnetic field to transmit electric energy in a free space, but the microwave radiation type has larger divergence angle and lower power density in the transmission process; the laser method requires high orientation precision, and is not mature at present. The wireless power transmission in the ultrasonic mode mainly uses ultrasonic waves as a coupling medium, and realizes energy conversion of electric energy-mechanical energy-sound energy and sound energy-mechanical energy-electric energy through the inverse piezoelectric effect and the positive piezoelectric effect of the transmitting/receiving transducer, so that the wireless power transmission is realized. However, the transmission power of this method is low, and the transmission efficiency is not high. In electric field coupling type wireless power transmission, the harm of an electric field to a human body is more serious than that of a magnetic field, so that the research is less at present; the magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission transmits energy through near-field magnetic coupling between 2 inductance coils which resonate at the same frequency, and compared with coupling induction type energy transmission, the transmission distance is greatly expanded; compared with radiative energy transfer, the electromagnetic energy transfer has less influence on the electromagnetic environment and larger transmission power, and therefore, the electromagnetic energy transfer has received more and more extensive attention and research.
With the wide use of electric vehicles, the problem of charging electric vehicles is a problem which puzzles people for a long time. How to realize flexible and efficient charging of an electric automobile becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in society. The magnetic coupling resonance technology utilizes resonance coupling between coils to perform efficient energy transmission, and is a direction and idea for solving the current charging problem of the electric automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless charging device for an electric automobile, aiming at the problem of low wireless charging efficiency of the electric automobile. On the basis of basic two-coil structural design, the coil with the enhanced iron core structure is used as a receiving device, so that the magnetic coupling effect between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil during long-distance transmission is enhanced, and the wireless charging transmission distance of the electric automobile is increased. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a wireless charging device for an electric automobile adopts a magnetic coupling resonant wireless power receiving and transmitting mode, and comprises an electromagnetic receiving part, a processing circuit and a storage battery pack, wherein the electromagnetic receiving part comprises a receiving coil and a coupling reinforced iron core; the coupling reinforced iron core is characterized by comprising an iron core middle cylinder and iron core two-end cylinders positioned at two ends of the iron core middle cylinder; the receiving coil is tightly attached to the middle cylinder of the iron core for winding; the radius R of the cross section of the middle cylinder of the iron core and the radius R of the receiving coil2Equal; the height h of the cylinders at the two ends of the iron core is 1/4 of the length L of the cylinder at the middle part of the iron core, and the minimum loss parameter is FminLet Fc＝FminAnd calculating the length L of the middle cylinder of the iron core according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001599252940000021
wherein d ═ 1-R2/L2)1/2，K＝L/R。
According to the radius R of the cross section of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core, the length L of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core, the number of turns N of the receiving coil and the wire diameter d of the receiving coilwireRespectively calculating the number of layers K of the receiving coillayerAnd the total degree l of the receiving coilwireI.e. by
Klayer＝Ndwire/L
lwire＝2πNR+πN2dwire/L。
The wireless charging device for the electric automobile has a simple structure, can be realized by only modifying the existing wireless electric energy transmission device, solves the problems of difficult point and hot point of improving the transmission distance and reducing the coil volume in the existing wireless energy transmission system, increases the path of demagnetizing magnetic lines when an iron core is magnetized, reduces the magnetization loss, realizes the function of enhancing the magnetic coupling degree between coils under the condition that the iron core volume and the coil length are both obviously reduced, and improves the transmission efficiency of the wireless charging energy of the electric automobile. The design method of the invention can obtain the length of the middle cylinder of the iron core under the condition of the minimum loss parameter, thereby reducing the magnetization loss of the iron core, increasing the magnetic field intensity passing through the coils, enhancing the magnetic coupling effect between the two coils, greatly improving the transmission distance of wireless charging of the electric automobile and simultaneously improving the transmission efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario of a wireless charging device for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic transmitting portion and the electromagnetic receiving portion;
FIG. 3 is a coupling enhancement core of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of data analysis of power transmission efficiency as a function of transmission distance.
Wherein:
1: the middle cylinder 2 of the iron core: two-end cylinder of iron core
Detailed Description
In order to make the contents and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention more clear, a wireless charging device for an electric vehicle and a design method thereof according to the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a power supply, a conversion circuit and an electromagnetic transmitting part are laid under a road, the power supply provides input power for the whole system, the conversion circuit converts alternating current input by the power supply into alternating current meeting the requirement of a load, and the electromagnetic transmitting part is used for transmitting an alternating electromagnetic field input by the conversion circuit part; the electromagnetic receiving part is positioned in the automobile part and receives the alternating electromagnetic field transmitted by the electromagnetic transmitting part in a resonant coupling mode; in addition, the processing circuit processes the alternating current input by the electromagnetic receiving part, outputs direct current with constant voltage, stores the direct current in the storage battery pack and supplies power to the electric automobile.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic transmitting part is composed of a transmitting coil and a transmitting coil compensating capacitor, and the resonant frequency of the transmitting coil is matched with the central frequency of the power supply through the transmitting coil compensating capacitor; the electromagnetic receiving part consists of a receiving coil, a receiving coil compensation capacitor and a coupling reinforced iron core, and the resonance frequency of the receiving coil is matched with the central frequency of the power supply through the receiving coil compensation capacitor; in addition, a coupling enhancement iron core is further mounted in the center of the receiving coil, the magnetic flux of the receiving coil is enhanced by utilizing a magnetic field generated when the iron core is magnetized, most of the magnetic field in the space is restrained in the iron core, and the magnetic coupling effect between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is further enhanced; the axes of the transmitting coil, the coupling reinforced iron core and the receiving coil are overlapped, the axes of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core and the cylinders at the two ends of the iron core are overlapped, and the transmitting coil is not directly electrically connected with the receiving coil.
As shown in fig. 3, the two ends of the iron core are installed at the two ends of the middle cylinder of the iron core in a cylindrical symmetry manner. In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the applicant has conducted various research, when the iron core is subjected to the action of an external magnetic field, the iron core can be remarkably magnetized, two magnetic poles of south and north are formed at two ends, and a demagnetizing magnetic field is generated. Demagnetizing field HinThe relationship with the magnetization M can be described by a loss parameter F, i.e.
Hin＝F×M (1)
Effective magnetic field inside the core is
Heff＝Hex-Hin (2)
In the formula: hexIs the external magnetic field acting on the core.
For an ellipsoidal core, the loss parameters are:
Figure BDA0001599252940000041
in the formula: a. b and c are respectively the major axis, the minor axis and the length of the ellipsoid.
Factor a can be calculated by the following equation:
Figure BDA0001599252940000042
wherein d is (1-b)2/c2)1/2。
Then the loss parameters of the middle cylinder of the iron core are as follows:
Fc＝Fe(0.85(0.5K)0.13) (5)
and K is L/R, and L and R are the length and the cross section radius of the middle cylinder of the iron core respectively.
The loss parameters of the middle cylinder of the iron core are as follows:
Figure BDA0001599252940000043
for best practical effect, b-R, c-L, i.e. d-1-R2/L2)1/2. According to the given cross-section radius R of the central cylinder of the iron core and the minimum loss parameter FminLet Fc＝FminAnd calculating the length L of the middle cylinder of the iron core by using the formula.
Number of layers of receiving coil
Klayer＝Ndwire/L (7)
Total line length of receiving coil
lwire＝2πNR+πN2dwire/L (8)
Based on the constructed system platform, the related simulation data is obtained as shown in FIG. 4. Compared with the traditional wireless charging technology of the electric automobile, the invention greatly improves the transmission efficiency and the transmission efficiency.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A wireless charging device for an electric automobile adopts a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless electric energy receiving and transmitting mode, a power supply, a conversion circuit and an electromagnetic transmitting part are laid under a road, the conversion circuit converts alternating current input by the power supply into alternating current meeting the load requirement, and the electromagnetic transmitting part is used for transmitting an alternating electromagnetic field input by the conversion circuit part; the electromagnetic receiving part is positioned at the bottom of the automobile and receives the alternating electromagnetic field emitted by the electromagnetic emitting part in a resonant coupling mode; the processing circuit processes the alternating current input by the electromagnetic receiving part, outputs constant-voltage direct current, stores the direct current in the storage battery pack and supplies power to the electric automobile; the electromagnetic transmitting part consists of a transmitting coil and a transmitting coil compensating capacitor, and the resonant frequency of the transmitting coil is matched with the central frequency of the power supply through the transmitting coil compensating capacitor; the electromagnetic receiving part consists of a receiving coil, a receiving coil compensation capacitor and a coupling reinforced iron core, and the resonance frequency of the receiving coil is matched with the central frequency of the power supply through the receiving coil compensation capacitor; the center of the receiving coil is also provided with a coupling reinforced iron core, the magnetic flux of the receiving coil is reinforced by utilizing the magnetic field generated when the iron core is magnetized, most of the magnetic field in the space is restrained in the iron core, and further the magnetic coupling effect between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is enhanced, and the coupling reinforced iron core comprises an iron core middle cylinder and iron core two-end cylinders positioned at the two ends of the iron core middle cylinder; the receiving coil is tightly attached to the middle cylinder of the iron core for winding; the axes of the coupling reinforced iron core and the receiving coil of the transmitting coil are superposed, the axes of a cylinder in the middle of the iron core and cylinders at two ends of the iron core are superposed, and the transmitting coil is not directly electrically connected with the receiving coil;
when the iron core is acted by external magnetic field, it can be magnetized obviously, and two magnetic poles of south and north are formed at two ends to produce demagnetizing field HinThe relationship with the magnetization M is described by a loss parameter F, i.e.
Hin＝F×M
Effective magnetic field inside the core is
Heff＝Hex-Hin
In the formula: hexAn external magnetic field acting on the iron core;
for an ellipsoidal core, the loss parameters are:
Figure FDA0002930172920000011
in the formula: a. b and c are respectively the major axis, the minor axis and the length of the ellipsoid,
factor a is calculated by the following equation:
Figure FDA0002930172920000012
wherein d is (1-b)2/c2)1/2；
Then the loss parameters of the middle cylinder of the iron core are as follows:
Fc＝Fe(0.85(0.5K)0.13)
wherein, K is L/R, L and R are the length and the cross section radius of the middle cylinder of the iron core respectively;
the loss parameters of the middle cylinder of the iron core are as follows:
Figure FDA0002930172920000021
the radius R of the cross section of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core and the radius R of the receiving coil are arranged2Equal; the height h of the cylinders at the two ends of the iron core is 1/4 of the length L of the cylinder at the middle part of the iron core, b is R, c is L, namely d is (1-R)2/L2)1/2According to the given cross-section radius R of the central cylinder of the core and the minimum loss parameter FminLet Fc＝FminCalculating the length L of the middle cylinder of the iron core;
according to the radius R of the cross section of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core, the length L of the cylinder in the middle of the iron core, the number of turns N of the receiving coil and the wire diameter d of the receiving coilwireRespectively calculating the number of layers K of the receiving coillayerAnd the total degree l of the receiving coilwireI.e. by
Klayer＝N dwire/L
lwire＝2πNR+πN2dwire/L。
CN201810219606.2A 2018-03-16 2018-03-16 Wireless charging device for electric automobile Expired - Fee Related CN108501743B (en)

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CN110077246A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-02 安徽工程大学 A kind of wireless charging electromagnetic coupling structure and its design method

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US4800328A (en) * 1986-07-18 1989-01-24 Inductran Inc. Inductive power coupling with constant voltage output
US5619078A (en) * 1992-05-10 1997-04-08 Boys; John T. Primary inductive pathway
US20150136499A1 (en) * 2012-05-09 2015-05-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Vehicle
WO2014006895A1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 パナソニック株式会社 Wireless power transmission device, wireless power sending device and power receiving device
DE102013219536A1 (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Charging station for wireless energy-related coupling of an electrically driven vehicle
CN104362771A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-02-18 刘跃进 Dynamic magnetic coupling resonance array technology supporting wireless mobile charging of electric vehicle

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