CN108496354A - Apparatus for camera calibration and camera bearing calibration - Google Patents
Apparatus for camera calibration and camera bearing calibration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108496354A CN108496354A CN201780007829.6A CN201780007829A CN108496354A CN 108496354 A CN108496354 A CN 108496354A CN 201780007829 A CN201780007829 A CN 201780007829A CN 108496354 A CN108496354 A CN 108496354A
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- camera
- characteristic point
- area
- correction
- calibration
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002945 steepest descent method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
Abstract
Apparatus for camera calibration has feature point extraction portion, areal calculation portion and adjustment section.The multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out that feature point extraction portion is marked from the correction shot using camera.Areal calculation portion calculates the area for utilizing figure as defined in extracted characteristic point.The area of coordinate and calculated figure of the adjustment section based on the characteristic point extracted, to adjust the camera parameter for correcting camera.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to a kind of apparatus for camera calibration and camera bearing calibration for carrying out the correction of camera.
Background technology
A kind of known following technology:It is shot around vehicle using the camera for being installed on vehicle, is obtained using shooting
Image carry out driving auxiliary.In this art, due to the error of the installation site of camera and camera itself
Foozle etc., the deviation of generation and design value in the image that shooting obtains.Therefore, it is necessary in the correction photograph in advance such as factory
The error etc. of the installation site of machine.It in timing, is marked using camera shooting correction, the correction label obtained from shooting
Image zooming-out characteristic point, the camera parameter (example for correcting camera is adjusted based on the coordinate of the characteristic point extracted
As referring to patent document 1).Occupation ratio of the image of correction label in the image that shooting obtains is bigger, and characteristic point
It is distributed more evenly and with high density, then more can improve correction accuracy.
Patent document 1:Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2011-155687 bulletins
Invention content
The apparatus for camera calibration of certain mode of the disclosure has feature point extraction portion, areal calculation portion and adjustment section.
The multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out that feature point extraction portion is marked from the correction shot using camera.It counts in areal calculation portion
Calculate the area using figure as defined in the characteristic point extracted by feature point extraction portion.Adjustment section is based on being carried by feature point extraction portion
The coordinate of the characteristic point of taking-up and area by the calculated figure in areal calculation portion, to adjust the photograph for correcting camera
Machine parameter.
The other manner of the disclosure is camera bearing calibration.This method includes:From the school shot using camera
The positive multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out with label;Calculate the area for utilizing figure as defined in extracted characteristic point;And base
In the area of the coordinate and calculated figure of the characteristic point extracted, to adjust the camera parameter for correcting camera.
The effect of invention
According to the disclosure, the correction accuracy of camera can be improved.
Description of the drawings
Figure 1A is the figure of the vehicle and the position relationship of correction label that indicate the timing involved by an embodiment.
Figure 1B is the plan view of an example for the correction label for indicating Figure 1A.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the Sketch for the apparatus for camera calibration for indicating Figure 1A.
Fig. 3 A are to indicate that the installation site of camera does not have the figure of the image of the correction label ideally of error.
Fig. 3 B are to indicate the installation site of camera there are the images of the correction label in the case of the error of yaw angle
Figure.
Fig. 4 A are the figures for overlappingly showing the characteristic point of Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B.
Fig. 4 B are the figures for showing the characteristic point of Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B and graphics overlay.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the processing for the apparatus for camera calibration for indicating Figure 1A.
Specific implementation mode
Before illustrating embodiment of the present disclosure, the problems in previous apparatus for camera calibration point is simplyd illustrate.
In the correction of camera, from the restriction of installation space, it is expected that being marked using small-sized correction.Correction is got over label
Small, then the quantity for the characteristic point that can be extracted is fewer, and the part of the more intensive image obtained in shooting of characteristic point.In the feelings
Under condition, the movement of the characteristic point caused by error by the installation site of camera is difficult to be influenced by lens distortion, approaches
It moves in parallel, therefore correction accuracy reduces.
The disclosure is completed in view of such situation, and the disclosure provides a kind of correction accuracy that can improve camera
Technology.
Figure 1A is to indicate that the vehicle C1 of the timing involved by an embodiment and the position of correction label M1, M2 are closed
The figure of system, Figure 1B are the plan views of the correction an example for marking M1, M2 for indicating Figure 1A.In figure 1A, it is looked down from top in vehicle
Around the vehicle C1 for the timing that the production plant etc. of C1 is carried out camera 10.Vehicle C1 has camera 10 and photograph
Machine means for correcting 20.Camera 10 is installed on the rear tailgate etc. at the rear portion of vehicle C1, the rear of shooting vehicle C1.Camera 10 was both
It can be installed near the central shaft of vehicle, install while the central shaft of vehicle can also be deviateed.Apparatus for camera calibration 20 adjusts
Camera parameter for correcting camera 10.
Correction is configured in a manner of substantially vertical with ground with label M1, M2 and is in camera 10 at the rear of vehicle C1
Coverage in pre-determined position.Correction with mark M1, M2 substantially symmetrically configure vehicle central shaft two
Side.
As shown in Figure 1B, each correction has with label M1, M2 with chessboard trrellis diagram made of 16 squares of rectangular arrangement
Case.Camera 10 shoots the chessboard grid pattern.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the Sketch for the apparatus for camera calibration 20 for indicating Figure 1A.Apparatus for camera calibration 20 has
Image storage part 22, feature point extraction portion 24, areal calculation portion 26 and adjustment section 28.
The storage of image storage part 22 shoots the image of obtained correction label M1, M2 using camera 10.
The multiple features of image zooming-out for correction label M1, M2 that feature point extraction portion 24 is stored from image storage part 22
Point.The method for extracting characteristic point is not particularly limited, feature point extraction portion 24 can also use pattern match (pattern
Matching) technology extracts characteristic point.Using pattern match technology, feature point extraction portion 24 makes each characteristic point
Template scans on the image, and the pattern on the image high from the consistent degree between the template extracts characteristic point.
Areal calculation portion 26 calculates the area using figure as defined in the characteristic point extracted by feature point extraction portion 24.Respectively
Figure is using three or more characteristic points as the polygon on vertex.
It coordinate of the adjustment section 28 based on the characteristic point extracted by feature point extraction portion 24 and is calculated by areal calculation portion 26
The area of the figure gone out adjusts camera parameter.
The detailed functions in narration areal calculation portion 26 and adjustment section 28 below.
About the structure of apparatus for camera calibration 20 CPU, the storage of arbitrary computer can be utilized in hardware aspect
Device, others LSI realize, in software aspects, can be realized by program for being loaded onto in memory etc., but describe herein
The function module realized by the cooperation of hardware and software.It therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that can be merely with hard
Part realizes these function modules by the combination of hardware and software in a variety of manners.
The adjustment of camera parameter is illustrated with reference to Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B and Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B.
Fig. 3 A are to indicate that the installation site of camera 10 does not have the figure of correction label M1, M2 ideally of error
As the figure of I1, Fig. 3 B be indicate the installation site of camera 10 there are the label M1 of the correction in the case of the error of yaw angle,
The figure of the image I2 of M2.Image I1, I2 are obtained using the shooting of camera 10.In the following, to adjusting photograph in the case of figure 3b
An example of camera parameter illustrates.
Fig. 4 A are the figures for overlappingly showing characteristic point P1C~P10C, the P1~P10 of Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, and Fig. 4 B are will to scheme
The figure that characteristic point P1C~P10C, the P1~P10 of 3A and Fig. 3 B is overlappingly shown with figure F1C~F8C, F1~F8.In order to make
Obviously really, in Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B, correction label M1, M2 are eliminated.
As shown in Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, there are 10 characteristic point P1C~P10C in image I1.There are 10 features in image I2
Point P1~P10.Characteristic point P1, P1C is located at the center of correction label M1.Characteristic point P2, P2C is located at a left side of correction label M1
On four square centers, characteristic point P3, P3C be located at correction with label M1 upper right four square centers.It is special
Four square centers that point P4, P4C are located at correction with the lower-left of label M1 are levied, characteristic point P5, P5C is located at correction label
Four square centers of the bottom right of M1.Characteristic point P6~P10, P6C~P10C are also same with the relationship of label M2 with correction
Sample, and the description is omitted.
Figure F1 is using characteristic point P1~P3 as the triangle on vertex.Figure F2 is using characteristic point P1, P4, P5 as top
The triangle of point.Figure F3 is using characteristic point P1, P2, P4 as the triangle on vertex.Figure F4 is by characteristic point P1, P3, P5
Triangle as vertex.
Figure F5 is using characteristic point P6~P8 as the triangle on vertex.Figure F6 be using characteristic point P6, P9, P10 as
The triangle on vertex.Figure F7 is using characteristic point P6, P7, P9 as the triangle on vertex.Figure F8 be by characteristic point P6, P8,
Triangles of the P10 as vertex.
The relationship of figure F1C~F8C and characteristic point P1C~P10C is also likewise, and the description is omitted.
In this way, the areal calculation portion 26 of Fig. 2 calculates correction substantially (upper and lower in a first direction in the image of label M1
To) area of block graphics F1, a F2 that arranges on y and the block graphics substantially arranged on second direction (left and right directions) x
The area of F3, F4.In addition, areal calculation portion 26 calculates correction with arranging on substantially in a first direction y in the image for marking M2
The area of the area of one block graphics F5, F6 and block graphics F7, the F8 substantially arranged on second direction x.Second direction x with
First direction y intersects.
Here, correction is set to position pre-determined as described above with label M1, M2, and therefore, correction label
The coordinate in the frame of reference (world coordinate system) of each characteristic point on the basis of by vehicle C1 on M1, M2 is known.It is logical
Coordinate and camera parameter come characteristic point known to operation in the frame of reference using well known method are crossed, figure can be calculated
As the coordinate of upper characteristic point.Here, setting the coordinate of the characteristic point on the calculated image of camera parameter using initial value
It is equal with the coordinate of characteristic point P1C~P10C ideally of Fig. 3 A.
If camera parameter is optimum value, each coordinate of calculated characteristic point P1C~P10C is obtained with from shooting
The coordinate of corresponding characteristic point P1~P10 that goes out of image zooming-out it is equal.Camera parameter is different from optimum value, then feature
Point P1C~P10C and the difference of the coordinate of corresponding characteristic point P1~P10 are bigger.Therefore, the adjustment section 28 of Fig. 2 is so that evaluation of estimate becomes
Small mode adjusts camera parameter repeatedly, makes camera parameter close to optimum value.Evaluation of estimate is that the first evaluation of estimate is commented with second
The sum of value.
First evaluation of estimate is the summation of distance L1~L10 shown in Fig. 4 A.Distance L [i] (i is 1~10 integer) is meter
At a distance from the coordinate for the characteristic point P [i] that the coordinate of characteristic point P [i] C of calculating goes out with the image zooming-out obtained from shooting.In addition,
In Figure 4 A, the diagram of distance L1 and L6 is omitted.
Second evaluation of estimate is the summation of difference in areas S1~S8.Difference in areas S [j] (j is 1~8 integer) is to be based on calculating
The area of calculated figure F [j] C of characteristic point P1C~P10C calculated with based on the characteristic point P1~P10 gone out from image zooming-out
The difference of the area of the figure F [j] gone out.
As the method for adjusting camera parameter in a manner of making evaluation of estimate become smaller, can use known in steepest descent method etc.
Method.For example, in the case of evaluation of estimate constant or in the case that evaluation of estimate is less than defined threshold value, the tune of Fig. 2
Whole 28 are determined as that evaluation of estimate restrains, and terminate the adjustment of camera parameter.
For example, the figure of the calculated characteristic point P2C and characteristic point P2 distances L2, Fig. 4 B extracted compared to Fig. 4 A
The area of shape F3C and the difference in areas S3 of the area of figure F3 are numerically big.Thus, compared with using only characteristic point the case where,
The variation in interative computation can be significantly captured, the precision of correction can be improved.
In addition, the difference in areas S3 of the area and the area of figure F3 compared to figure F3C, the area and figure of figure F1C
The difference in areas S1 of the area of F1 is small.The difference in areas S4 of area and the area of figure F4 compared to figure F4C, the face of figure F2C
Product is small with the difference in areas S2 of the area of figure F2.That is, the error of the yaw angle due to the installation site of camera 10, figure F1~
The area of F8 is changed with different trend respectively.Therefore, pass through the tune in a manner of making the summation of difference in areas S1~S8 become smaller
Whole camera parameter can more accurately correct the error of the yaw angle of the installation site of camera 10.
Similarly, in the installation site of camera 10 there are in the case of the error of pitch angle and angle of heel, figure F1~
The area of F8 is also changed with different trend respectively, therefore can more be accurately proceed correction.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the processing for the apparatus for camera calibration 20 for indicating Figure 1A.First, feature point extraction portion 24 is from profit
The multiple characteristic point P1~P10 (S1) of image zooming-out that label M1, M2 is used in obtained correction are shot with camera 10.Then, area
Calculating part 26 calculates the area (S2) for utilizing figure F1~F8 as defined in extracted characteristic point P1~P10.Then, adjustment section
28 adjust camera parameter based on the area of the coordinate of the characteristic point P1~P10 extracted and calculated figure F1~F8
(S3).Then, adjustment section 28 judges whether evaluation of estimate restrains (S4), in the case of not converged (S4 is "No"), is back to S3
Processing.Convergent (S4 is "Yes") in evaluation of estimate, adjustment section 28 ends processing.
Camera parameter after adjustment is stored in the storage part (not shown) in vehicle C1.Then, do not scheme in vehicle C1
The image processing apparatus shown shoots obtained image to correct using the camera parameter stored by camera 10, generate to by
The image being corrected is deformed caused by error of the installation site of camera 10 etc..Revised image is used for driver
Confirm the rear etc. of vehicle C1.
In this way, according to the present embodiment, with using only the coordinate of characteristic point the case where compared with, be used for the tune of camera parameter
Whole characteristic quantity increases.Also, according to the error of the installation site of camera 10, the variation different from characteristic point occurs for area.
In addition, error of the variable quantity of area caused by error by the installation site of camera 10 than the installation site by camera 10
The variable quantity of the coordinate of caused characteristic point is big.Thus, compared with using only characteristic point the case where, the essence of correction can be improved
Degree.
Therefore, compared with using only characteristic point the case where, correction accuracy is not made to reduce and smaller correction can be used
With label.
In addition, due at least deviation of any one in the pitch angle of camera 10, yaw angle, angle of heel, in first party
The area of block graphics F1, the F2 arranged on y and the area of block graphics F3, a F4 that is arranged on second direction x respectively with
Different trend change.Similarly, the area of the area of block graphics F5, a F6 and block graphics F7, a F8 is not respectively with yet
Same trend changes.Therefore, it is possible to the more accurately pitch angle of installation site of correction camera 10, yaw angle with
And the influence of the error of angle of heel.
More than, the disclosure is illustrated based on embodiment.The embodiment is to illustrate, and those skilled in the art answer
Understand, the combination of each integral part or each processing step of these embodiments can have various modifications example, in addition, like that
Variation also within the scope of this disclosure.
For example, it is also possible to be marked using a correction.In this case, although being corrected compared with above-mentioned embodiment
Precision reduces, but can reduce the installation space of correction label.
Alternatively, it is also possible to use three or more corrections to mark.In this case, although with above-mentioned embodiment phase
It is improved than correction accuracy, but the installation space of correction label increases.
In addition, as long as three or more the spies for providing at least one figure can be extracted in a correction marks
Point is levied, then the specific style of correction label is not particularly limited.Joined to adjust camera based on the area of a figure
In the case of number, although correction accuracy reduces compared with above-mentioned embodiment, there is also can further shorten photograph
The case where adjustment time of machine parameter.
Can also be respectively different shape in addition, figure can also be the polygon other than triangle.
Also, the first evaluation of estimate is the value based on distance L1~L10 shown in Fig. 4 A, can also be distance L1~
The average value of L10.Second evaluation of estimate is the value based on difference in areas S1~S8, can also be being averaged for difference in areas S1~S8
Value.
Also, the position for installing camera 10 can also be front or side of vehicle C1 etc..Alternatively, it is also possible to utilize
Apparatus for camera calibration 20 corrects the camera 10 for the device being installed on other than vehicle C1.
One mode of the disclosure is as follows.
[project 1]
A kind of apparatus for camera calibration, has:Feature point extraction portion, from the correction mark shot using camera
The multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out of note;Areal calculation portion calculates and utilizes the above-mentioned spy extracted by features described above point extraction unit
The area of figure as defined in sign point;And adjustment section, based on the features described above point extracted by features described above point extraction unit
Coordinate and area by the calculated above-mentioned figure in above-mentioned areal calculation portion, to adjust the camera for correcting above-mentioned camera
Parameter.
According to which, according to the error of the installation site of camera, the variation different from characteristic point occurs for area, and
And the variable quantity of the area caused by the error of the installation site of camera is than caused by the error by the installation site of camera
The variable quantity of the coordinate of characteristic point is big, therefore can improve the precision of correction.
[project 2]
According to the apparatus for camera calibration described in project 1, above-mentioned areal calculation portion calculates one arranged in a first direction
The area of the area of block graphics and the one group of above-mentioned figure arranged in the second direction intersected with above-mentioned first direction.
In this case, due at least deviation of any one in the pitch angle of camera, yaw angle, angle of heel,
The area of the block graphics arranged on one direction is become with different respectively from the area of the block graphics arranged in a second direction
Gesture changes, therefore can more accurately correct the influence of the error of the installation site of camera.
[project 3]
A kind of camera bearing calibration, including:The image zooming-out marked from the correction shot using camera is more
A characteristic point;Calculate the area for utilizing figure as defined in extracted features described above point;Based on the features described above point extracted
Coordinate and calculated above-mentioned figure area, to adjust the camera parameter for correcting above-mentioned camera.
According to which, according to the error of the installation site of camera, the variation different from characteristic point occurs for area, and
And the variable quantity of the area caused by the error of the installation site of camera is than caused by the error by the installation site of camera
The variable quantity of the coordinate of characteristic point is big, therefore can improve the precision of correction.
Industrial availability
Apparatus for camera calibration involved by the disclosure and camera bearing calibration, can improve the correction of camera
Precision, therefore can be applied to the correction for being equipped on the camera of the moving bodys such as automobile.
Reference sign
10:Camera;20:Apparatus for camera calibration;24:Feature point extraction portion;26:Areal calculation portion;28:Adjustment section.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of apparatus for camera calibration, has:
Feature point extraction portion, the multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out marked from the correction shot using camera;
Areal calculation portion calculates the face using figure as defined in the characteristic point extracted by the feature point extraction portion
Product;And
Adjustment section, coordinate based on the characteristic point extracted by the feature point extraction portion and by the areal calculation
The area of the calculated figure in portion, to adjust the camera parameter for correcting the camera.
2. apparatus for camera calibration according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The areal calculation portion calculate the area of figure described in one group arranged in a first direction and with the first party
The area of figure described in one group arranged in the second direction of intersection.
3. a kind of camera bearing calibration, including:
The multiple characteristic points of image zooming-out marked from the correction shot using camera;
Calculate the area of figure as defined in the characteristic point for utilizing and being extracted;And
The area of coordinate and the calculated figure based on the characteristic point extracted, to adjust for correcting the photograph
The camera parameter of camera.
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JP2016016382A JP6688989B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2016-01-29 | Camera calibration device and camera calibration method |
JP2016-016382 | 2016-01-29 | ||
PCT/JP2017/001637 WO2017130823A1 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2017-01-19 | Camera calibration device and camera calibration method |
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CN109272474A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-01-25 | 大陆汽车车身电子系统(芜湖)有限公司 | Determine imaging system precorrection parametric technique and the pre-correction approach for imaging system |
CN110827357A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-21 | 深圳市安思疆科技有限公司 | Combined pattern calibration board and structured light camera parameter calibration method |
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US10504244B2 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-12-10 | Baidu Usa Llc | Systems and methods to improve camera intrinsic parameter calibration |
EP3742192B1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-09-06 | NEXION S.p.A. | System for calibrating a vehicle camera |
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CN110827357A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-21 | 深圳市安思疆科技有限公司 | Combined pattern calibration board and structured light camera parameter calibration method |
CN110827357B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2024-03-29 | 深圳市安思疆科技有限公司 | Combined pattern calibration plate and structured light camera parameter calibration method |
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CN108496354B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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