CN108435523B - Water drop type flextensional transducer - Google Patents
Water drop type flextensional transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108435523B CN108435523B CN201810234796.5A CN201810234796A CN108435523B CN 108435523 B CN108435523 B CN 108435523B CN 201810234796 A CN201810234796 A CN 201810234796A CN 108435523 B CN108435523 B CN 108435523B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
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- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/08—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with magnetostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/57—Electrostrictive transducer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
- B06B2201/58—Magnetostrictive transducer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
- B06B2201/74—Underwater
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a water drop type flextensional transducer, which comprises a water drop type radiation shell, a transition block and a driving element, wherein the water drop type radiation shell comprises: the water drop type radiation shell is an equal-thickness shell, the outer side of the shell is formed by splicing two semi-ellipses with equal minor axes and unequal major axes, and two end faces of the shell are sealed by cover plates. The vibrator assembly is arranged on an equivalent long shaft in the flextensional shell and is rigidly connected with two vertical end surfaces in the shell. The invention utilizes the asymmetry of the shell structure to generate a first-order asymmetric bending mode, and utilizes the coupling of the first-order asymmetric bending mode and the first-order bending mode to expand the bandwidth of the flextensional transducer. The method can be used in the fields of underwater acoustic detection, countermeasure, communication, measurement, marine resource exploration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an underwater acoustic transducer, in particular to a water drop type flextensional transducer.
Background
As is well known, underwater communication relies primarily on sound waves, and instruments capable of generating sound waves underwater are known as transmitting transducers. For many years, researchers have been working on improving the performance of transmitting transducers, one of which is to expand the bandwidth of the transducers.
The research of broadband transducers has important significance. First, broadband transducers have advantages in the transmission of signals. Secondly, the transducer is capable of broadband transmission, so that the transmitted signal is not limited to a single-item pulse, and a frequency modulated signal may be considered. Especially for communication sonar, the broadband transducer can improve the transmission rate of signals, improve the reliability and confidentiality of communication and reduce the error rate.
There are three main ways to achieve broadband emission from a transducer.
For a single resonant operating transducer, bandwidth can be extended by increasing radiation resistance, reducing structural mass, and reducing structural stiffness.
The combination of two or more transducers with similar frequencies can obtain broadband emission response. Raymond Porzio (US) from Lockheed Martin Corporation, USA, proposes a slotted ring and rare earth longitudinal combination broadband transducer.
Multi-modal coupling can also enable broadband transmission of the transducer. The blue space of Harbin engineering university has designed and fabricated a double-shell flextensional transducer. The piezoelectric monocrystal long-axis lengthened IV-type flextensional transducer is designed and manufactured by Cheng.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a water drop type flextensional transducer, which expands the bandwidth of the flextensional transducer through multi-mode coupling.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: including radiation casing, array assembly body, the radiation casing is the equal thickness casing of the drop shape that is formed by two semi-ellipse shells concatenations, and wherein, the minor axis of semi-ellipse shell equals, and the major axis inequality, array assembly body includes two transition pieces, the drive element of setting between two transition pieces of being connected with radiation casing internal surface circular arc department, is provided with upper cover plate and lower apron respectively at the upper and lower both ends of radiation casing, and realizes being connected through the cooperation of threaded rod screw thread between upper cover plate and the lower apron, is provided with cable head and hanging head on the upper cover plate, all is provided with the backing plate at the junction of upper cover plate and radiation casing, the junction of lower apron and radiation casing.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the driving element comprises a PLZST antiferroelectric crystal stack, the PLZST antiferroelectric crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular antiferroelectric ceramic sheets, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, and an electrode sheet is arranged between every two antiferroelectric ceramic sheets.
2. The driving element comprises a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, and an electrode piece is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
3. The driving element comprises a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil framework is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil is wound on the coil framework, two permanent magnetic sheets are respectively arranged at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, and the two permanent magnetic sheets are connected with corresponding connecting blocks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the asymmetric elliptical shell structure of the water drop type flextensional to generate a first-order asymmetric bending mode, and utilizes the coupling of the first-order asymmetric bending mode and the first-order bending mode to expand the bandwidth of the flextensional transducer. The invention provides a novel transducer structural form of an asymmetric flextensional shell. The asymmetric flextensional shell structure enables the first-order asymmetric bending mode not to be completely offset in the vibration effect, thereby generating the first-order asymmetric bending mode. The coupling of a first-order bending mode and a first-order asymmetric bending mode can be realized by adjusting the size of the asymmetric shell, so that the bandwidth expansion of the flextensional transducer is realized. The water drop type flextensional transducer of the invention adopts the basic principle of the flextensional transducer, thus having the advantages of low frequency, high power, small size and light weight. The water drop type flextensional transducer can be applied to the fields of underwater sound detection, countermeasure, communication, measurement, marine resource exploration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drop flextensional transducer of the present invention using antiferroelectric ceramic as the driving element;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a water droplet flextensional transducer using antiferroelectric ceramic as the driving element according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the oscillator using antiferroelectric ceramic as the driving element according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the overall profile of a drop flextensional transducer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation curve of the transmission voltage response of a drop flextensional transducer of the present invention using antiferroelectric ceramic as the driving element;
fig. 6a and 6b are directional diagrams of a water droplet flextensional transducer using antiferroelectric ceramic as a driving element according to the present invention at frequencies corresponding to the first two modes, respectively;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a drop flextensional transducer using a rare earth super-magnetostrictive rod as a driving element according to the present invention.
The meaning of each figure in the drawings is: 1-water drop type radiation shell, 2-driving element, 3-transition block, 4-cover plate, 5-backing plate, 6-threaded rod, 7-nut, 8-cable, 9-cable head, 10-hanging head, 11-first-order bending mode corresponding response peak, 12-first-order asymmetric bending mode corresponding response peak, 13-coil skeleton, 14-permanent magnet sheet, 15-rare earth super magnetostrictive rod and 16-coil
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the drop-shaped flextensional transducer of the invention is manufactured, and comprises a drop-shaped radiation shell, a transition block and a driving element, wherein the outer edge of the drop-shaped uniform-thickness shell 1 is formed by splicing two semi-ellipses, wherein the short axes of the semi-ellipses are equal, the long axes of the semi-ellipses are unequal, and the semi-ellipses are all made of aluminum alloy materials. Two end faces of the shell are sealed by cover plates; the vibrator assembly is arranged on the equivalent long shaft in the flextensional shell and is rigidly connected with the inner wall of the shell.
Preferably, the equivalent major axis of the drop flextensional transducer of the invention is 270mm (172 mm for the left ellipse semimajor axis and 98mm for the right ellipse semimajor axis), the common minor axis is 120mm, the shell thickness is 14mm, and the shell height is 90 mm.
The driving element and the transition block 3 form a vibrator assembly body, and the transition block 3 is made of aluminum alloy. The longitudinal dimension of the vibrator assembly body is slightly larger than or larger than the distance between two vertical end faces in the long axis direction of the inner side of the shell, the vibrator assembly body is fixed between the two vertical end faces of the inner side of the shell by reducing the equivalent short axis of the water drop type radiation shell in advance and utilizing the pressure generated by the increase of the equivalent long axis.
Preferably, the longitudinal dimension of the vibrator assembly is 0.32mm larger than the distance between the two perpendicular end surfaces in the long axis direction inside the transducer case. When the transducer is assembled, pressure is applied to the equivalent short axis direction of the water drop type radiation shell, the distance between two vertical end faces in the long axis direction inside the shell is increased to be larger than the longitudinal size of the vibrator assembly body, the vibrator assembly body is placed between the two vertical end faces and the pressure is released, and at the moment, the vibrator assembly body is fixed between the two vertical end faces in the transducer shell through prestress and is rigidly connected with the transducer shell.
The transducer is sealed by a cover plate 4, and a base plate 5 is added between the cover plate 4 and the transducer shell to play the roles of sealing and vibration isolation. The cover plate 4 is fastened at two ends of the transducer shell through threaded rods 6 and nuts 7 distributed on the outer side of the transducer shell, so that a closed air cavity is formed inside the transducer. The cover plate 4 is provided with a cable head 9 and a hoisting head 10. The backing plate 5 of this embodiment adopts the silica gel board, and thickness is 5mm, and apron 4 adopts aluminum alloy material, and threaded rod 6 adopts stainless steel material.
The driving element 2 is made of 100 rectangular PLZST antiferroelectric ceramic plates, the size of the antiferroelectric ceramic plate is 30mm x 1mm, the antiferroelectric vibrators are connected in parallel, and the wiring is shown in fig. 2. The antiferroelectric ceramic plates were sandwiched with foils of brass material having dimensions of 30mm by 0.1mm for soldering the leads. The antiferroelectric ceramic plates and the metal sheets are alternately bonded one by using epoxy resin to form the driving element.
When the transducer works, a direct current bias electric field and an alternating current electric field are applied to the antiferroelectric vibrator through the cable 8, at the moment, the antiferroelectric generates periodic phase change, so that the whole antiferroelectric vibrator generates longitudinal stretching vibration, different vibration modes of the shell can be excited in different frequency ranges through mechanical coupling of the driving element and the shell, and bandwidth expansion of the transducer is realized by coupling of a generated first-order bending mode and a first-order asymmetric bending mode.
The transmit voltage response simulation curve for the transducer is shown in fig. 5. In FIG. 5, the first order harmonic peak 11 is generated by the first order bending vibration of the transducer, with a resonant frequency of about 1260 Hz; the second order harmonic peak 12 results from first order asymmetric bending vibrations of the transducer with a resonant frequency of approximately 2220 Hz. Within the frequency range of 1.08 kHz-2.52 kHz, the maximum sending voltage response of the transducer is 149.1dB (at the position of 1m with reference level of 0 dB: 1 pPa/V), the maximum response fluctuation is 6.4dB, and the bandwidth expansion of the flextensional transducer can be realized.
The directivity patterns of the first two modes of the transducer at corresponding frequencies are shown in fig. 6a and 6 b. The transducer is basically non-directional under the condition that the first-order bending mode corresponds to 1260 Hz; under the frequency of 2220Hz corresponding to the first-order asymmetric bending mode, the transducer has the biased splayed pointing characteristic.
The water drop type radiation shell 1 and the transition block 3 can be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber besides aluminum alloy. The water drop type flextensional transducer can adopt an overflow type structure besides adopting a cover plate for sealing.
The driving element comprises a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, the piezoelectric ceramic is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, and an electrode piece is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
As shown in FIG. 7, the driving element of the present invention employs a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod 15, a coil frame 13 is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil 16 is wound on the coil frame 13, and a permanent magnetic sheet 14 is respectively placed at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod 15. The rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod 15, the permanent magnet sheet 14 and the transition block 3 form a vibrator assembly body. The transducer assembly process of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1.
When the transducer works, the rare earth super magnetostrictive rod 15 generates magnetostrictive vibration under the combined action of a static bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnetic sheet 14 and a dynamic driving magnetic field generated after the coil 14 is electrified, different vibration modes of the shell are excited in different frequency ranges through mechanical coupling of the driving element and the shell, and broadband emission of the transducer is realized by coupling of a generated first-order bending mode and a first-order asymmetric bending mode.
The water drop type radiation shell, the transition block and the cover plate can be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, glass fiber or carbon fiber.
In summary, the present invention provides a water droplet flextensional transducer. The device comprises a water drop type radiation shell, a transition block and a driving element: the water drop type radiation shell is an equal-thickness shell, the outer side of the shell is formed by splicing two semiellipses, wherein the minor axes of the semiellipses are equal, the major axes of the semiellipses are not equal, and the two end faces of the shell are sealed by cover plates. The vibrator assembly is arranged on an equivalent long shaft in the flextensional shell and is rigidly connected with two vertical end surfaces in the shell. The invention utilizes the asymmetry of the shell structure to generate a first-order asymmetric bending mode, and utilizes the coupling of the first-order asymmetric bending mode and the first-order bending mode to expand the bandwidth of the flextensional transducer. The method can be used in the fields of underwater acoustic detection, countermeasure, communication, measurement, marine resource exploration and the like.
Claims (4)
1. Drop type flextensional transducer which characterized in that: the radiation shell is a drop-shaped equal-thickness shell formed by splicing two semi-elliptical shells, wherein the short axes of the semi-elliptical shells are equal, and the long axes of the semi-elliptical shells are not equal; the array assembly body includes two transition pieces that are connected with radiation casing internal surface circular arc department, sets up the drive element between two transition pieces, is provided with upper cover plate and lower apron respectively at radiation casing's upper and lower both ends, and realizes being connected through the cooperation of threaded rod screw thread between upper cover plate and the lower apron, is provided with cable head and hangs the head on the upper cover plate, all is provided with the backing plate in the junction of upper cover plate and radiation casing, the junction of lower apron and radiation casing.
2. The drop-type flextensional transducer of claim 1, wherein: the driving element comprises a PLZST antiferroelectric crystal stack, the PLZST antiferroelectric crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular antiferroelectric ceramic sheets, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, and an electrode sheet is arranged between every two antiferroelectric ceramic sheets.
3. The drop-type flextensional transducer of claim 1, wherein: the driving element comprises a piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack, the piezoelectric ceramic crystal stack is formed by bonding N rectangular piezoelectric ceramic pieces, wherein N is an even number larger than or equal to 2, and an electrode piece is arranged between every two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
4. The drop-type flextensional transducer of claim 1, wherein: the driving element comprises a rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil framework is sleeved outside the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, a coil is wound on the coil framework, two permanent magnetic sheets are respectively arranged at two ends of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive rod, and the two permanent magnetic sheets are connected with corresponding connecting blocks.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810234796.5A CN108435523B (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2018-03-21 | Water drop type flextensional transducer |
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| CN201810234796.5A CN108435523B (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2018-03-21 | Water drop type flextensional transducer |
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| CN108435523B true CN108435523B (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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| CN112954543B (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2022-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Double-end slotted piezoelectric circular ring underwater acoustic emission transducer |
| CN113301478A (en) * | 2021-05-16 | 2021-08-24 | 西北工业大学 | Reinforced concave cylinder type flextensional transducer structure and method |
| CN114029220B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | External drive transducer with periodic amplitude amplification structure and assembly method |
| CN115278419A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Broadband underwater acoustic transducer |
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| CN101964185B (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2013-02-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultra-wideband underwater acoustic transducer |
| US9321081B2 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2016-04-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Apparatus and methods of tuning and amplifying piezoelectric sonic and ultrasonic outputs |
| CN106116573A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-16 | 成都宏明电子科大新材料有限公司 | A kind of pulse power capacitor device antiferroelectric ceramics powder body and preparation method thereof |
| CN107274877B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2020-11-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Phase inversion type deep sea bending and stretching underwater acoustic transducer |
| CN107231594B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-09-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Conformal driving IV type flextensional transducer |
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