CN108434587A - A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device - Google Patents
A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108434587A CN108434587A CN201810787862.1A CN201810787862A CN108434587A CN 108434587 A CN108434587 A CN 108434587A CN 201810787862 A CN201810787862 A CN 201810787862A CN 108434587 A CN108434587 A CN 108434587A
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- nozzle
- sacculus
- injection pipe
- vertebral body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M29/00—Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies
- A61M29/02—Dilators made of swellable material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8805—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
- A61B17/8825—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by syringe details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/885—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein
- A61B17/8852—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc
- A61B17/8855—Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc inflatable, e.g. kyphoplasty balloons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation devices, including injection pipe and push rod, the push rod is worn in the injection tube, and the push rod can be slided along the injection pipe, the distal end of the injection pipe is equipped with a nozzle, the first end of the nozzle is removably attachable to the distal end of the injection pipe, the internal cavity of the nozzle is connected to the internal cavity of the injection pipe, the outside of the nozzle is equipped with a sacculus, there is the nozzle at least one first through hole, the first through hole to be connected to the internal cavity of the internal cavity and the sacculus of the nozzle.The first end of the nozzle is connect with the distal threads of the injection pipe；The second end of the nozzle is equipped with the closed head of default taper.The implantable vertebral body augmentation apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, easily fabricated, can mitigate the leakage of bone cement while expanding compressed vertebral, can restore the height for simultaneously effectively keeping centrum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical instruments fields, and in particular to the one kind used in the operation of percutaneous puncture kyphoplasty
Implantable vertebral body augmentation device.
Background technology
Reply compression fracture of vertabral body the best way mainly has percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous puncture ball at present
Capsule Kyphoplasty.The latter is improved on the basis of drawing the former experience and lessons, extensive using balloon expandable
Compound compression vertebral height forms cavity in centrum, and fills bone cement into cavity, to stablize centrum, to ensure lesion
Compression fracture, reduction of patient pain no longer occur for centrum.Compressed vertebral forms cavity after balloon expandable, and bone cement can be
It is injected under low pressure, to greatly reduce the risk of leakage.
However, due to the mobility and sclerotin feature of bone cement, in injection process, the risk of bone cement leakage still can not
Control, to the complication be easy to causeing after bone cement leakage.Due to needing to take out after balloon expandable, dredged especially for sclerotin
The patient of conifer, there are the secondary risks collapsed.
Sacculus pressurization balloon kyphoplasty in the prior art can efficiently reduce bone cement leakage, but be also to deposit
In some defects：First, sacculus is that made of being woven by nondistensible high molecular material, have the characteristics that non-compliance,
It is limited that it, which restores the height of compressed vertebral,；Secondly, bone cement enters from inlet in sacculus, from balloon proximal to distally not
Disconnected accumulation, can cause bone cement to be unevenly distributed, expansion effect is bad in this way.
Therefore, the application is dedicated to providing a kind of novel implantable vertebral body augmentation device.
Invention content
It is simple in structure, easily fabricated the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device, it is expanding
The leakage that bone cement can be mitigated while compressed vertebral can restore the height for simultaneously effectively keeping centrum.
Technical solution provided by the invention is as follows：
A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device, including：Injection pipe and push rod, the push rod are worn in the injection tube, and
The push rod can be slided along the injection pipe, and the distal end of the injection pipe is equipped with a nozzle, and the first end of the nozzle is detachable
Ground is connected to the distal end of the injection pipe, and the internal cavity of the nozzle is connected to the internal cavity of the injection pipe, the spray
The outside of mouth is equipped with a sacculus, and there is the nozzle at least one first through hole, the first through hole to be connected to the interior of the nozzle
The internal cavity of portion's cavity and the sacculus；The nozzle runs through the sacculus, and when unimplanted bone cement in the sacculus,
The sacculus is folded on the outer wall of the nozzle or shrinks on the outer wall of the nozzle.
Preferably, the first end of the nozzle is connect with the distal threads of the injection pipe；And/or；The of the nozzle
Two ends are equipped with the closed head of default taper, and the closed head is located at the outside of the sacculus.
Preferably, the cavity inner wall of the first end of the nozzle is equipped with internal thread, and the distal end of the injection pipe is with outer
Screw thread.
Preferably, substantially symmetrical about its central axis distribution of multiple first through hole relative to the nozzle；And/or；The nozzle
On first through hole aperture be 1-2mm.
Preferably, the sacculus is equipped at least one second through-hole, and second through-hole penetrates through the cyst wall of the sacculus.
Preferably, the aperture of the second through-hole on the sacculus is 0.1-1mm.
Preferably, the connection type of the sacculus and nozzle, which is selected from, compresses connection, binding connection, bonding, welding；And/or；
The first end of the sacculus is sealedly attached to the first end of the nozzle, and the second end of the sacculus is sealedly attached to the nozzle
Second end.
Preferably, the making material of the sacculus is selected from expanded PTFE, silicon rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic
Property polyamide；And/or；The molding mode of the sacculus is dip forming or blow molding；And/or；The sacculus is in expansion shape
Shape under state is elliposoidal or peanut shape；And/or；When the sacculus is under collapsed state, three are folded into along its axial direction
The wing, four wings or five wings.
Preferably, the proximal end of the injection pipe is equipped with first handle, and the first handle is equipped with and is used for the push rod
The through-hole passed through；And/or；The injection pipe is hollow rigid pipe.
Preferably, the proximal end of the push rod is equipped with second handle；And/or；The push rod is solid rigid rod.
A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device provided by the invention can bring following at least one advantageous effect：
1, implantable vertebral body augmentation device of the invention makes bone cement enter from injection pipe by pushing the push rod in injection pipe
Into nozzle, push rod is continued to press on, so that the bone cement in nozzle is entered in sacculus from nozzle by first through hole, balloon inflation
The centrum for expanding compression after sacculus is fully expanded, makes nozzle and injection pipe point since nozzle and injection pipe are detachably connected
From by nozzle and filling the sacculus of bone cement and integrally stay in centrum, bone cement not only can be effectively prevent to reveal, may be used also
To keep the stabilization of extension postcentrum.
2, in the present invention, nozzle is threadedly coupled with injection pipe, after sacculus is sufficiently spread out, it is only necessary to rotate injection pipe, just
Injection pipe can be made to be detached with nozzle, after injection pipe is exited, nozzle and sacculus integrally stay in centrum, nozzle and injection pipe
This type of attachment, convenient for the separation of the two, surgical procedure is simple and convenient.
3, in the present invention, nozzle is threadedly coupled with injection pipe, and the first end of nozzle is equipped with internal thread, the distal end of injection pipe
It is equipped with external screw thread, it is, the distal threads of injection pipe are connected to the inside of nozzle, when being arranged in this way, injection pipe and nozzle
Connection do not interfere with the installation of sacculus, sacculus can be installed at the end outer surface of nozzle, and setting in this way can not only have
Effect reduces the length of nozzle using the interior or exterior space of nozzle, and after nozzle can also be avoided to stay in centrum, the end of first end is stretched
For sacculus, sense of discomfort is caused to human body, in addition, the distal threads of injection pipe are connected to the inside of nozzle, can also effectively be kept away
Exempt from bone cement to leak from the junction of injection pipe and nozzle.
4, in the present invention, sacculus is equipped with the second through-hole of perforation cyst wall, and it is logical that the bone cement in sacculus can pass through second
Hole is spread into Intrapyramidal cancellous bone, is conducive to bone cement and is combined with Intrapyramidal cancellous bone, to further stablize vertebra
Body.
In the present invention, the second end of nozzle is equipped with the closed head with taper, is provided in this way conducive to being established in centrum
The channel of balloon expandable, the first through hole on nozzle is symmetrical arranged and aperture is 1-2mm, is conducive to bone cement and is uniformly diffused to
In sacculus, to realize preferable vertebral body augmentation effect.
Description of the drawings
Below by a manner of clearly understandable, preferred embodiment is described with reference to the drawings, above-mentioned characteristic, skill to the present invention
Art feature, advantage and its realization method are further described.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure of specific embodiment of the implantable vertebral body augmentation device of the present invention in a disassembled state is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of nozzle in the vertebral body augmentation device that can plant shown in Fig. 1.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
Injection pipe 1, push rod 2, nozzle 3, first through hole 31, closed head 32, sacculus 4, first handle 5, second handle 6.
Specific implementation mode
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, control is illustrated below
The specific implementation mode of the present invention.It should be evident that drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing, and obtain other embodiments.To make simplified form, only schematically showing and phase of the present invention in each figure
The part of pass, they do not represent its practical structures as product.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1,2, this specific embodiment discloses a kind of more preferred of implantable vertebral body augmentation device
Embodiment, including injection pipe 1 and push rod 2, push rod 2 are threaded through in injection pipe 1, and push rod 2 can be slided along the inner passage of injection pipe 1
It is dynamic, to push the bone cement in injection pipe 1, the distal end of injection pipe 1 to be equipped with a nozzle 3, the first end of nozzle 3（As shown in Figure 1
Nozzle 3 right end）It is removably attachable to the distal end of injection pipe 1（That is the left end of injection pipe 1 shown in Fig. 1）, nozzle 3
Internal cavity is connected to the internal cavity of injection pipe 1, that is to say, that the left end of injection pipe 1 and the right end of nozzle 3 are opening knot
Structure.The outside of nozzle 3 is equipped with a sacculus 4, as shown in Fig. 2, nozzle 3 has multiple first through hole 31, the connection spray of first through hole 31
The internal cavity of the internal cavity and sacculus 4 of mouth 3, nozzle 3 run through sacculus 4, and when unimplanted bone cement in sacculus 4, sacculus 4
It is folded on the outer wall of nozzle 3 or shrinks on the outer wall of nozzle 3.
Internal cavity in injection pipe 1 pushes push rod 2, the bone cement in injection pipe 1 is made gradually to note for storing bone cement
Enter into nozzle 3, continue to press on push rod 2, the bone cement in nozzle 3 can be made to pass through first through hole 31 and gradually diffuse to sacculus 4
In until bone cement fills up sacculus 4, the centrum of expansion compression when sacculus 4 expands after centrum fully expand, makes injection pipe 1 and sprays
Mouth 3 detaches, and exits injection pipe 1, so that nozzle 3 is stayed in centrum with the sacculus 4 for filling up bone cement, sacculus 4 can effectively prevent bone
Cement leakage, nozzle 3 and 4 entirety of sacculus can fully expand centrum and its made to keep stablizing.
In the present embodiment, the first end of nozzle 3 is connect with the distal threads of injection pipe 1, the cavity of the first end of nozzle 3
Inner wall is equipped with internal thread, and the distal end of injection pipe 1 has external screw thread, that is to say, that the distal threads of injection pipe 1 are connected to nozzle
Inside 3 first end, it is arranged in this way it is possible to prevente effectively from from injection when the bone cement in injection pipe 1 enters in nozzle 3
It reveals the junction of pipe 1 and nozzle 3.In addition, the outer wall of the first end of nozzle 3 can be also used for installation sacculus 4, to reduce spray
The length of mouth 3, and the right end of nozzle 3 is made to be flushed substantially with the holding of the right end of sacculus 4, after exiting injection pipe 1, nozzle is exposed to ball
The part of capsule is less, and centrum will not be caused uncomfortable.Finally, after bone cement is injected, it is only necessary to rotate injection pipe 1
Injection pipe 1 and nozzle 3 is set to detach, and since the junction of injection pipe 1 and nozzle 3 is located inside nozzle 3, rotation injection
When pipe 1, human body will not be caused uncomfortable.
Specifically, the second end of nozzle 3 is equipped with the closed head 32 of default taper, the angular range of taper is preset at 0 ~ 180 °
Between, the concrete numerical value of taper can be set according to actual needs, be conducive to the mistake that injection pipe 1 promotes in centrum in this way
The channel expanded convenient for sacculus 4 is set up in journey, therefore, the making material of nozzle 3 preferably uses the higher implantation grade doctor of hardness
With stainless steel, medical titanium alloy etc., and closed head 32 is located at the outside of the left end of sacculus 4.Specifically, multiple on nozzle 3
The aperture of substantially symmetrical about its central axis distribution of one through-hole 31 relative to nozzle 3, first through hole 31 is 1-2mm, and setting in this way can make spray
Bone cement in mouth 3 can be distributed evenly in sacculus 4, to realize preferable vertebral body augmentation effect.
In the present embodiment, sacculus 4 is equipped with multiple second through-holes（It is not shown in figure）, the second through-hole perforation sacculus 4
The aperture of cyst wall, the second through-hole on sacculus 4 is 0.1-1mm, after filling up bone cement in sacculus 4, the bone cement meeting in sacculus 4
It is gradually spread into Intrapyramidal cancellous bone by the second through-hole, to be conducive to bone cement and Intrapyramidal spongiosa bone photo knot
It closes, has further functioned as the effect of stable centrum.
Specifically, the connection type of sacculus 4 and nozzle 3, which is selected from, compresses connection, binding connection, bonding, welding etc., sacculus 4
First end（The right end of sacculus 4 as shown in Figure 1）It is sealedly attached to the first end of nozzle 3, the second end of sacculus 4（Such as Fig. 1 institutes
The left end of the sacculus 4 shown）It is sealedly attached to the second end of the nozzle 3（The left end of nozzle 3 as shown in Figure 1）.The system of sacculus 4
Make material and is selected from expanded PTFE, silicon rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide thermoplastic；The molding mode of sacculus 4 is leaching
Stain is molded or blow molding.The shape of sacculus 4 in the deployed state is elliposoidal, when sacculus 4 is under collapsed state, along its axial direction
Direction is folded into three wings, four wings or five wings.Structure, material, molding mode and its company with nozzle of sacculus in the present embodiment
It connects mode and makes it have good compliance, to be conducive to restore the vertebral height of compression.
In the present embodiment, the proximal end of injection pipe 1（That is the right end of injection pipe 1 shown in Fig. 1）Equipped with first handle 5,
And first handle 5 is equipped with the through-hole passed through for push rod 2, the making material of first handle 5 can be selected from acrylic nitrile-butadiene two
Alkene-styrol copolymer（ABS）, nylon etc. first handle 5 can be rotated, after bone cement is injected to make injection pipe
1 detaches with nozzle 3.In addition, injection pipe 1 is hollow rigid pipe, making material can select medical stainless steel.
Specifically, the proximal end of push rod 2 is equipped with second handle 6（That is the right end of push rod 2 shown in Fig. 1）, second handle 6
Making material can be selected from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer（ABS）, nylon etc., when injecting bone cement, Ke Yitong
Second handle 6 is crossed to push push rod 2, consequently facilitating the steady propulsion of bone cement.In addition, push rod 2 is solid rigid rod, system
Medical stainless steel can be selected by making material.
It of courses, in other specific embodiments of the implantable vertebral body augmentation device of the present invention, nozzle and injection pipe
Detachable connection can be other types of attachment；When nozzle is threadedly coupled with injection pipe, can be set on nozzle
External screw thread is set, internal thread is set on injection pipe；The arrangement form and its pore size of first through hole on nozzle can roots
It is adjusted according to actual needs；The making material of injection pipe and push rod can be specifically chosen as needed；First handle,
Two handles can be selectively arranged；The second through-hole on sacculus can be selectively arranged, and aperture can be adjusted as needed
It is whole；The shape of sacculus in the deployed state can also be peanut shape or other irregular shapes；The type of attachment of sacculus and nozzle
And making material, molding mode of sacculus etc. can specifically be set according to actual needs, details are not described herein again.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment can be freely combined as needed.The above is only the preferred of the present invention
Embodiment, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, in the premise for not departing from the principle of the invention
Under, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device, which is characterized in that including：
Injection pipe and push rod, the push rod are worn in the injection tube, and the push rod can be slided along the injection pipe, described
The distal end of injection pipe is equipped with a nozzle, and the first end of the nozzle is removably attachable to the distal end of the injection pipe, the spray
The internal cavity of mouth is connected to the internal cavity of the injection pipe, and the outside of the nozzle is equipped with a sacculus, and the nozzle has
At least one first through hole, the first through hole are connected to the internal cavity of the internal cavity and the sacculus of the nozzle；
The nozzle runs through the sacculus, and when unimplanted bone cement in the sacculus, the sacculus is folded to the nozzle
Outer wall on or shrink on the outer wall of the nozzle.
2. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The first end of the nozzle is connect with the distal threads of the injection pipe；
And/or；
The second end of the nozzle is equipped with the closed head of default taper, and the closed head is located at the outside of the sacculus.
3. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The cavity inner wall of the first end of the nozzle is equipped with internal thread, and the distal end of the injection pipe has external screw thread.
4. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Substantially symmetrical about its central axis distribution of multiple first through hole relative to the nozzle；
And/or；
The aperture of first through hole on the nozzle is 1-2mm.
5. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The sacculus is equipped at least one second through-hole, and second through-hole penetrates through the cyst wall of the sacculus.
6. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
The aperture of the second through-hole on the sacculus is 0.1-1mm.
7. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The connection type of the sacculus and nozzle, which is selected from, compresses connection, binding connection, bonding, welding；
And/or；
The first end of the sacculus is sealedly attached to the first end of the nozzle, and the second end of the sacculus is sealedly attached to described
The second end of nozzle.
8. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The making material of the sacculus is selected from expanded PTFE, silicon rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamide thermoplastic；
And/or；
The molding mode of the sacculus is dip forming or blow molding；
And/or；
The shape of the sacculus in the deployed state is elliposoidal or peanut shape；
And/or；
When the sacculus is under collapsed state, three wings, four wings or five wings are folded into along its axial direction.
9. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The proximal end of the injection pipe is equipped with first handle, and the first handle is equipped with the through-hole passed through for the push rod；
And/or；
The injection pipe is hollow rigid pipe.
10. implantable vertebral body augmentation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The proximal end of the push rod is equipped with second handle；
And/or；
The push rod is solid rigid rod.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810787862.1A CN108434587A (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2018-07-18 | A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810787862.1A CN108434587A (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2018-07-18 | A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device |
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| CN201810787862.1A Pending CN108434587A (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2018-07-18 | A kind of implantable vertebral body augmentation device |
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| CN110180077A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-08-30 | 河南省中医院（河南中医药大学第二附属医院） | Honey suppository mold for medical aged nursing |
| CN112790852A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-14 | 无锡市锡山人民医院 | Vertebral body shaper with expansion distance control mechanism |
| CN113317911A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-31 | 张丽君 | Pressure expansion type femoral stem |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110180077A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-08-30 | 河南省中医院（河南中医药大学第二附属医院） | Honey suppository mold for medical aged nursing |
| CN110180077B (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2021-03-12 | 河南省中医院（河南中医药大学第二附属医院） | Honey suppository mold for medical aged nursing |
| CN112790852A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-14 | 无锡市锡山人民医院 | Vertebral body shaper with expansion distance control mechanism |
| CN112790852B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | 无锡市锡山人民医院 | Vertebral body shaper with expansion distance control mechanism |
| CN113317911A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-31 | 张丽君 | Pressure expansion type femoral stem |
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Application publication date: 20180824 |