CN108430082B - Vehicle-mounted network switching method under heterogeneous vehicle networking environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted network switching method under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking communication. Firstly, constructing an evaluation utility function of a vehicle-mounted user on a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to a wireless communication network; then establishing a network switching decision model in a biological heuristic heterogeneous vehicle networking environment; and finally, selecting the optimal network accessed after switching by using a multi-attribute decision method. The invention comprehensively considers the throughput factor of the heterogeneous network environment and the QoS requirement conditions of vehicle-mounted applications on different vehicle-mounted mobile terminals, quickly adapts to the vehicle-mounted communication environment with dynamic change, quickly achieves global optimum, effectively prevents the ping-pong effect in the traditional switching theory, makes network switching more intelligent and has high adaptivity and robustness; the invention fully utilizes the advantages of the intelligent calculation of the biological population, maintains the fairness of the global network resource allocation and ensures the global benefit of the limited network resource use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking communication, relates to a biological intelligent network switching method, and particularly relates to a vehicle network switching method in a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment.
Background
The integration application of the traditional cellular wireless network, the wireless local area network and the vehicle-mounted information technology promotes the generation of heterogeneous vehicle networking, the integration, interoperation and fusion of wireless communication networks with different characteristics become the main trend of the current vehicle networking evolution, and the support of intelligent vehicle-mounted terminal interaction, calculation and decision making are important characteristics of the heterogeneous vehicle networking application development. The vehicle information service based on heterogeneous internet of vehicles is becoming a core functional element of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS).
In the mobile communication process, a terminal enters a new network service area from a current network service area, switches a link connected with an original wireless network base station or an access point to the new wireless network base station or the new access point, and continuously maintains a network communication link on the terminal. The seamless nature of network handover and the automation of the handover process require that the handover technique be able to satisfy the requirement for a mobile terminal with multi-mode communication capability to autonomously switch to the most suitable access network from a variety of alternative networks. For a vehicle-mounted information system, a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal realizes autonomous decision, reasonably selects an accessed wireless network, dynamically switches among different network ports, and is also a research hotspot of ubiquitous communication and ubiquitous computing under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment.
Due to the dynamic characteristics of the heterogeneous Internet of vehicles environment, the wireless network conditions change in real time along with time, and the dynamic change of parameters is involved, the traditional network switching decision optimization method based on the utility function and the multi-attribute decision mainly switches according to the optimal values of the parameters, so that a ping-pong effect is easily caused, frequent network switching not only accelerates the energy consumption of hardware equipment of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, but also finally influences the benefit of the whole network communication service.
Network switching oriented to the heterogeneous internet of vehicles environment faces challenges in the aspects of Quality of service (QoS) demand diversity, wireless network heterogeneity and dynamics, concurrency of multi-terminal resource competition, and the like of vehicle-mounted applications. Therefore, how the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal autonomously, optimally and reliably selects a reasonable target network for various vehicle-mounted applications under the condition of meeting certain network resource constraints and vehicle-mounted application QoS requirement constraints and realizes switching among heterogeneous wireless links according to dynamically changed network conditions and a vehicle-mounted mobile environment becomes a core problem of multi-mode communication application under the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biological heuristic vehicle-mounted network switching method under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment by taking the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment as a background. The vehicle-mounted network switching method applies a biological heuristic intelligent method, namely a cell attractor selection model, to the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal network switching optimization decision problem under the dynamic heterogeneous network environment, fully utilizes the advantages of biological population intelligent calculation on the premise of meeting the QoS requirement of vehicle-mounted application, maintains the fairness of global network resource allocation and ensures the global benefit of limited network resource use.
The invention simulates the gene expression behavior generated by the adaptation of microbial cells to the dynamic nutritional environment, induces the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to make a self-adaptive network switching decision, analogizes the dynamic vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to the microbial cells, rapidly reacts to the self-adaptive mechanism of the external dynamic nutritional environment through the microbial cells, influences the gene expression and microbial cell activity inside the microbial cells, further influences the generation of cell attractors, and finally induces the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to make a network switching decision with high adaptivity and robustness. And the invention further combines a multi-attribute decision method to evaluate the performance index of the alternative access network and select the optimal network access suitable for the vehicle-mounted user on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal.
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted network switching method under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment, which comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, constructing an evaluation utility function of a vehicle-mounted user on a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to a wireless communication network;
A. for the wireless network i, the number of channels of the wireless network i is marked as Ci(t) average throughput per channel of RiLet it be assumed that n exists at time ti(t) vehicle applications are connected to the wireless network i, then the average throughput q that can be received by the vehicle applications connected to the wireless network at that timei(t) the average of the wireless network total throughput assigned to each vehicular application. For the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, it is noted that a plurality of vehicle-mounted users exist in each vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, and each vehicle-mounted user can execute a single vehicle-mounted application after connecting to the wireless network.
B. The invention provides a satisfaction (i, s) function for quantitatively evaluating the quality of service QoS (quality of service) provided by any heterogeneous wireless network i for s-type vehicle-mounted application.
C. Providing a utility function to comprehensively measure the utility QoS obtained by the communication condition of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j currently accessed to the wireless network through the individual preference weighting of the vehicle-mounted user for each vehicle-mounted application typej(t)。
Establishing a network switching decision model in a biological heuristic heterogeneous Internet of vehicles environment;
A. to reflectService quality h generally obtained by vehicle-mounted users currently accessed to heterogeneous Internet of vehicles1The invention adopts a moving average method to divide the time period WjQoS for individual vehicular usersj(t) after summing, a moving average is performed to obtain h1。
Meanwhile, in order to measure the heterogeneous Internet of vehicles communication environment changing around the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j in real time, the invention provides the AvgQoSj(t) utility function. For the in-vehicle mobile terminal j, it is known that the set of alternative wireless networks connectable at time t is Netj(t)，kjAs a single alternative wireless network, i.e. kj∈Netj(t) reflecting the utility that the vehicular mobile terminal j can provide from the alternative heterogeneous wireless network.
B. And applying the cell attractor selection model to a dynamic optimization decision problem of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, and automatically executing network switching by the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal according to the QoS requirement of vehicle-mounted application and the resource constraint condition of the global wireless network.
Selecting an optimal network accessed after switching by using a multi-attribute decision method;
A. and establishing a QoS utility matrix. As QoS is an important index for judging network performance, the invention takes the QoS obtained by the vehicle-mounted application of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j from the alternative wireless network as an element of the QoS utility matrix.
B. A normalized QoS utility matrix is computed. Because the values of the QoS utility matrix elements are uneven, the weight factors are added, the QoS utility matrix is subjected to standardization processing, and a weight standardization matrix is constructed.
C. A positive ideal solution and a negative ideal solution are determined. Aiming at the vehicle-mounted application on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, the maximum value and the minimum value of the benefit index are evaluated to obtain a positive ideal solution and a negative ideal solution.
D. And calculating the distance between each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution respectively.
E. The proximity of each alternative wireless network to the positive ideal solution is calculated.
F. And sequencing the proximity degree of each alternative wireless network to the ideal solution. And selecting the candidate wireless network which is closest to the ideal solution from the candidate heterogeneous wireless networks as the access network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) in the vehicle networking environment, the throughput factor of the heterogeneous network environment and the QoS requirement conditions of vehicle-mounted applications on different vehicle-mounted mobile terminals are comprehensively considered, the vehicle-mounted communication system can be quickly adapted to the vehicle-mounted communication environment with dynamic change, the global optimum is quickly achieved, the ping-pong effect in the traditional switching theory is effectively prevented, the network switching is more intelligent, and the vehicle-mounted communication system has high self-adaptability and robustness.
(2) The invention adopts a cell attractor selection model, analyzes the regulation and control behavior of a microbial cell gene network, takes the cell attractor as a switching decision solution based on the self-adaptability characteristic and the mathematical representation thereof, and has novel idea. The invention fully utilizes the advantages of the intelligent calculation of the biological population, maintains the fairness of the global network resource allocation and ensures the global benefit of the limited network resource use.
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Fig. 1 is a network switching scenario diagram in a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle-mounted network switching method in the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a biological heuristic method.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a vehicle-mounted network switching method under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment, which specifically comprises the following steps of:
firstly, constructing an evaluation utility function of a vehicle-mounted user on a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to a wireless communication network;
A. for wireless network i, the number of channels of the wireless network is marked as Ci(t) average throughput per channel is RiLet it be assumed that n exists at time ti(t) vehicle applicationsThe average throughput q which can be received by the vehicle-mounted application connected to the wireless network at the momenti(t) the average value of the wireless network total throughput allocated to each vehicle-mounted application is as follows:
B. in order to quantitatively evaluate the quality of service QoS provided by any wireless network i for s-type vehicle-mounted application, the invention provides a satisfaction (i, s) function:
aiming at the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, the currently connected wireless network ijNote that the in-vehicle application running on the in-vehicle mobile terminal is pj，sThe set formed by the s-type vehicle-mounted applications on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is ASj，s. Meanwhile, aiming at the s-type vehicle-mounted application, the maximum throughput requirement limit of the vehicle-mounted application is qs，maxMinimum throughput requirement bound of qs，min。
C. Through the individual preference weighting of the vehicle-mounted user for each vehicle-mounted application type, the invention provides the following utility functions to comprehensively measure the obtained utility of the communication condition of the current access network of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j:
wherein, ω isj，sPersonal preference weight for vehicle-mounted user on vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j for s-type vehicle-mounted application, namely omegaj，s> 0, and ∑s∈Sωj，s1. S represents that the type of the in-vehicle application is S type, and S represents the set of types of all the in-vehicle applications.
Establishing a network switching decision model in a biological heuristic heterogeneous Internet of vehicles environment;
A. in order to reflect the current access to heterogeneous vehiclesQuality of service h obtained by networked vehicle-mounted users in total1The invention adopts a moving average method to divide the time period WjQoS for individual vehicular usersj(t) moving average after summing, QoSjThe formula for (t) is:
meanwhile, in order to measure the heterogeneous Internet of vehicles communication environment changing around the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j in real time, the invention provides the AvgQoSj(t) utility function. For the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, the set of alternative wireless networks which can be connected by the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal at the time t is known as Netj(t), and kj∈Netj(t), thereby reflecting the utility that the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j can provide from the alternative wireless network:
wherein, gamma belongs to (0, 1). The network switching process needs to consume the newly accessed network resource, gamma represents the discount coefficient when the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is switched, for simplification, the invention is set as:
h2＝AvgQoSj(t) (6)
B. the method mainly applies a cell attractor selection model to a dynamic optimization decision problem of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, and the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal autonomously executes network switching according to QoS requirements of vehicle-mounted application and resource constraint conditions of a global wireless network. And simulating the gene expression behavior of the microbial cells on the adaptability of the dynamic nutrition environment, and inducing the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal in the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment to make a self-adaptive network switching decision.
As shown in the flow chart of FIG. 3, researchers develop analysis according to the mechanism of the change of the Escherichia coli cell adaptive external environment conditions, model by means of a coupled differential equation, and introduce a random noise term to obtain a mathematical characterization form of a cell attractor selection model:
wherein A represents cell activity, η1And η2Are mutually independent white gaussian noise. S (A) and D (A) represent the synthesis and decomposition rates caused by the increase in cell volume:
p and C represent the synthesis and depletion rate coefficients of cell activity, N1And N2Representing the level of nutrients provided by the external living environment, N _ thr1And N _ thr2Representing the threshold for A gain, n, for both nutrients1And n2Indicating the sensitivity coefficient of the cell to these two nutrients.
In the cell attractor selection model, there are two attractors, i.e., there are two stable states during gene regulation of the cell: m is1>>m2Or m2>>m1. At the same time, the interaction between the cell and the environment is made by a pair of variables (N)1，N2) Typically, the selection of cells is switched from one attractor to another in order to accommodate changes in the environment, or it remains with the current attractor when changes in the environment do not require changes.
Combining the formulas (4) and (6), the invention applies Sigmoid function, and changes the value of h through the parameters a and b1And h2Mapping to [0, 10]Within the interval of (2), with a variable N representing the environmental changei(i ═ 1, 2) associated:
in summary, the handover decision proposed by the present inventionThe mechanism is induced by the cell attractor: when the cell attractor selection state is m1＞＞m2When the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is used, network switching is suggested, and the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is connected to a network with higher availability by combining a multi-attribute decision method; when the cell attractor selection state is m2＞＞m1Or
And the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal should keep the current access network state and does not generate network switching.
Selecting an optimal network accessed after switching from the alternative wireless networks by using a multi-attribute decision method;
A. and establishing a QoS utility matrix. Because QoS is an important index for judging network performance, the invention takes the QoS obtained by each vehicle-mounted application of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j from the alternative wireless network as an element of a QoS utility matrix:
X＝[x(kj，pj，s)](11)
wherein, let x (k)j，pj，s)＝satisfaction(kj，s)。
B. A normalized QoS utility matrix is computed. Because the values of the QoS utility matrix elements are uneven, the QoS utility matrix X is subjected to normalized processing, so that the matrix element values are positioned in a [0, 1] interval:
adding a weight factor omegaj，sAnd constructing a weight normalization matrix. Weighting according to different individual preference degrees of each vehicle-mounted user on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j to obtain a weight normalization matrix:
y(kj，pj，s)＝ωj，s×x′(kj，pj，s) (13)
C. a positive ideal solution and a negative ideal solution are determined. For the vehicle-mounted application on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, a positive ideal solution is obtained
Sum negative ideal solution
The following were used:
D. and calculating the distance between each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution respectively. Respectively solving the positive ideal for each alternative wireless network
Sum negative ideal solution
The distance between can be calculated by the following system of equations:
E. a proximity score is calculated for each candidate wireless network to the positive ideal solution. According to the distance between each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution and the distance between each alternative wireless network and the negative ideal solution, the proximity score between each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution can be obtained:
F. the magnitude of the proximity scores of each candidate wireless network to the positive ideal solution is ranked. Selecting the alternative wireless network with the highest proximity score from the alternative wireless networks as an access network:
Claims (3)
1. a vehicle-mounted network switching method under a heterogeneous vehicle networking environment is characterized in that: the specific steps are as follows,
firstly, constructing an evaluation utility function of a vehicle-mounted user on a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal to a wireless communication network;
A. for the wireless network i, the number of channels of the wireless network i is marked as Ci(t) average throughput per channel of RiLet it be assumed that n exists at time ti(t) in-vehicle applications are connected to the wireless network i, then the average throughput q received by in-vehicle applications connected to the wireless network at that time isi(t) assigning the wireless network total throughput to an average of each vehicular application; for the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, recording that a plurality of vehicle-mounted users exist in each vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, and executing a single vehicle-mounted application after each vehicle-mounted user is connected into a wireless network;
B. the method adopts a satisfaction (i, s) function to quantitatively evaluate the quality of service QoS provided by any heterogeneous wireless network i for s-type vehicle-mounted application,
aiming at the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, the currently connected wireless network ijNote that the in-vehicle application running on the in-vehicle mobile terminal is pj，sThe set formed by the s-type vehicle-mounted applications on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is ASj，sMeanwhile, for s-type vehicle-mounted application, the maximum throughput requirement limit of the vehicle-mounted application is qs，maxMinimum throughput requirement bound of qs，min；
C. Providing a utility function to comprehensively measure the utility QoS obtained by the communication condition of the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j currently accessed to the wireless network through the individual preference weighting of the vehicle-mounted user for each vehicle-mounted application typej(t)：
Wherein, ω isj，sPersonal preference weight for vehicle-mounted user on vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j for s-type vehicle-mounted application, namely omegaj，s> 0, and ∑s∈Sωj，s1 is ═ 1; s represents the type of the in-vehicle application, and S represents the set of the types of all the in-vehicle applications;
establishing a network switching decision model in a biological heuristic heterogeneous Internet of vehicles environment;
A. using moving average method to divide the time period WjQoS for individual vehicular usersj(t) summing and moving averaging to obtain h1Then QoSjThe formula for (t) is:
for the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j, the set of alternative wireless networks which can be connected by the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal at the time t is known as Netj(t), and kj∈Netj(t), thereby reflecting the utility function that the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j can provide from the alternative wireless network as follows:
wherein, γ ∈ (0, 1), γ represents discount coefficient when the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal switches, and for simplification, the discount coefficient is set as follows:
h2＝AvgQoSj(t)
B. applying a cell attractor selection model to a dynamic optimization decision problem of a vehicle-mounted mobile terminal, wherein the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal autonomously executes network switching according to the QoS requirement of vehicle-mounted application and the resource constraint condition of a global wireless network;
and step three, selecting the optimal network accessed after switching by using a multi-attribute decision method.
2. The vehicle network switching method in the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment according to claim 1, wherein: the mathematical characterization form of the cell attractor selection model is as follows:
wherein A represents cell activity, η1And η2Is white gaussian noise independent of each other, s (a) and d (a) represent synthesis and decomposition rates caused by cell volume growth:
p and C represent the synthesis and depletion rate coefficients of cell activity, N1And N2Representing the level of nutrients provided by the external living environment, N _ thr1And N _ thr2Representing the threshold for A gain, n, for both nutrients1And n2Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the cell to the two nutrients;
h is changed by using a Sigmoid function and through the value change of the parameters a and b1And h2Mapping to [0, 10]Within the interval of (2), with a variable N representing the environmental changeiAnd (3) associating:
when the cell attractor selection state is m1＞＞m2When the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is used, network switching is suggested, and the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal is connected to a network with higher availability by combining a multi-attribute decision method; when the cell attractor selection state is m2＞＞m1Or
And the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal should keep the current access network state and does not generate network switching.
3. The vehicle network switching method in the heterogeneous vehicle networking environment according to claim 1, wherein: the third step is specifically that,
A. establishing a QoS utility matrix X; x ═ X (k)j，pj，s)]Wherein, let x (k)j，pj，s)＝satisfaction(kj，s)；
B. Calculating a normalized QoS utility matrix;
normalizing the QoS utility matrix X to ensure that the matrix element value is positioned in a [0, 1] interval:
adding a weight factor omegaj，sConstructing a weight normalization matrix; weighting according to different individual preference degrees of each vehicle-mounted user on the vehicle-mounted mobile terminal j to obtain a weight normalization matrix:
y(kj，pj，s)＝ωj，s×x′(kj，pj，s)
C. determining a positive ideal solution and a negative ideal solution:
D. calculating the distance between each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution respectively;
respectively solving the positive ideal for each alternative wireless network
Sum negative ideal solution
The distance between them is calculated by the following system of equations:
E. calculating a proximity score of each alternative wireless network to the positive ideal solution:
F. sorting the proximity scores of each alternative wireless network and the positive ideal solution, and selecting the alternative wireless network with the highest proximity score in the alternative wireless networks as an access network:
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