CN108426898A - The method that heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ - Google Patents
The method that heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
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- G01N2223/639—Specific applications or type of materials material in a container
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for quickly identifying heavy nucleus material using cosmic ray μ, solve the problems, such as that the prior art judges that the time is long and accuracy is low in the application scenarios of preventing nuclear proliferation such as harbour, airport security inspection to whether having concealed special nuclear material in container or other containers.The present invention includes the following steps：Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model is built first, calculates 106A μ passes through common senior middle school's low atomic number material object angle of scattering root-mean-square value θiSequence；Secondly it calculates and measures μ in the detection system short time across object angle of scattering root-mean-square value θx；Then θ is calculatedxWith θiThe grey relational grade being each worth in sequence, when grey relational grade highest, then object is attached most importance to nuclear material.The present invention is ingenious in design, and is easily achieved, and can quick and precisely judge whether concealed special nuclear material in closed container, is highly suitable for whether having concealed heavy nucleus material in customs wharf and airport are to container or other containers and other items and is detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Application of Nuclear Technology fields, and in particular to the side of heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ
Method.
Background technology
With the development of nuclear technology, the recovery of nuclear power, more the appearance of " true nuclear power ", terrorism force seek core
Material, nuclear weapon possibility be continuously increased, international nuclear safety situation very severe, in this regard, one side concerned countries relate to core
The supervision of unit and customs all in reinforcing nuclear material production, storage and transportational process；Another aspect every country is all in effort
High performance detecting system is developed and develops, with the smuggling for effectively hitting nuclear material and illegal transport.Nuclear material be often referred to containing
There is the substance of high atomic number element, the substance of these high atomic numbers can be described as heavy nucleus again for uranium, plutonium of fissible reaction etc.
Substance.Existing nuclear material monitoring system can be examined in such a way that highly sensitive gamma detector and neutron detector are combined
Measure the heavy nucleus substance concealed in the large-sized objects such as container.However it is limited or artificially increase radiation agent to penetrate dense matter ability
Amount is existing imaging technique in the detection unavoidable problem of nuclear material.The either nuclear material of weapongrade or low enrichment,
If by common relatively high atomic number material (such as lead, tungsten), hydride (such as polyethylene) or other neutron-absorbing materials
Expect that (compound containing lithium, boron) shielding, conventional radic cannot effectively play a role.Cosmic Ray Muon (space
The main component that cosmos ray reaches ground is μ) imaging technique is as a kind of non-intrusion type lossless detection skill emerging in recent years
Art proposes and realized by the U.S. in the beginning of this century, it is special to the scattering of natural cosmic ray μ based on different atomic number materials
Sex differernce carrys out inverting target object interior three-dimensional image, to obtain material composition inside target object, geometry, size
Etc. information, there is safety (be not necessarily to artificial irradiation), non-destructive (without dismantling, will not damage component), sensitive to nuclear material
Degree is high, the incomparable inherent advantage of numerous similar techniques such as strong that penetrates screening ability, and technique is taking precautions against nuclear smuggling, core not
The fields such as diffusion show wide application prospect.Algorithm is the core of the technology, calculation of the exploitation suitable for various scenes
In terms of method is important research.Since cosmic-ray flux is relatively low, developing heavy nucleus material algorithm in quickly identification sealing container is
The technology is in the precondition for taking precautions against the application of the fields such as nuclear smuggling, nuclear non-proliferation.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：The method that heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ, solution are provided
Certainly the prior art prevents nuclear proliferation application scenarios to whether being concealed in container or other containers in harbour, airport security inspection etc.
There is the problem that special nuclear material judges that the time is long and accuracy is low.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
The method that heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ, is included the following steps：
(1) Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model is built, common senior middle school's low atomic number material object is placed in ultra rays
It is defeated in Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model using Monte-Carlo code packet Geant4 simulations μ in μ detection system models
Fortune process, record 106A μ passes through common senior middle school's low atomic number material in the search coverage of Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model
The scattering angular data generated after material object, while μ is calculated according to the scattering angular data and passes through common high, normal, basic atomic number
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of number material object objecti, wherein i indicates the type serial number of common senior middle school's low atomic number material, according to
Angle of scattering root-mean-square value θiEstablish μ scattering data complete datas library；
(2) object to be identified is placed in the search coverage of the Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model in step (1), is counted
Calculate the angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ that different number μ passes through object to be identifiedx, while calculating θ using following algorithmxWith μ
θ in scattering data complete data libraryiGrey relational grade γ, γ between sequence indicate θxWith in μ scattering data complete datas library
θiThe computational methods of the similitude of some value in sequence, the grey relational grade γ are as follows：
δi=| θx-θi|, (1.1)
M=max | θx-θi|, m=min | θx-θi| (1.2)
Wherein, i indicates material category serial number, and i=(1,2,3 ..., m), ξ indicate to distinguish coefficient, δiIndicate θi
And θxAbsolute difference, M indicate δiMaximum value, m indicate δiMinimum value, and ξ ∈ (0,1)；
(3) according to the grey relational grade γ calculated in step (2), using decision function f (x) to object to be identified into
Row identification, the decision function f (x) are specially：
Wherein, when f (x) values are 1, object to be identified is attached most importance to nuclear material, when f (x) is less than 1, then target to be identified
Object is not heavy nucleus material.
Further, in step (1), the μ scattering datas complete data library includes that different sizes are common high, normal, basic
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of atomic number material objectiDatabase, and in step (2), the scattering of object to be identified
Angle root-mean-square value θxSelection common senior middle school's low atomic number material object identical with the size of the object to be identified
Angle of scattering root-mean-square value θiθ in databaseiSequence carries out grey relational grade γ calculating.
Further, in step (2), the ξ is 0.5.
The present invention judges result in practical application, choosing 100 groups of data and being utilized respectively decision function f (x), obtains
The detection time needed when being more than 95% to accuracy rate, one is trained using the recurrence of machine learning by above three step
Detection model, specific method are by the detection of object to be detected size heavy nucleus material data identical with database and needs
Time corresponds.
When needing to differentiate object to be detected, can according to the corresponding database of size selection of object and
Detection time is measured the μ scattering datas of stipulated time using detecting system, and the μ scattering datas is input to above-mentioned instruction
It can differentiate the material category of object in the detection model practised.
The design principle of the present invention is that it is approximately a Gaussian Profile that Cosmic Ray Muon, which passes through the angle of scattering after material, short
The a small amount of μ scattering angular datas obtained in time are incomplete Gaussian Profiles, according to incomplete data characteristic value and heavy nucleus material μ
Similarity before sub- angle of scattering characteristic value judges whether object attaches most importance to nuclear material.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is ingenious in design, and is easily achieved, and it is special quick and precisely to judge whether concealed in closed container
Nuclear material is highly suitable for whether having concealed heavy nucleus material in customs wharf and airport are to container or other containers and other items
It is detected.
(2) since the angle of Cosmic Ray Muon and Energy distribution ratio are more random, conventional method is all by mathematical statistics come real
Now to the processing of muonic number evidence, and quantity statistics need mass data, it is meant that detection time takes longer；And the present invention
Advantage is to have initially set up μ angle of scattering complete datas library, and has first been trained using machine learning and be directed to different size mesh
The detection model of object is marked, need to only be inputted according to related data is obtained using detection system the time required to differentiating different size objectives objects
Model can judge result, and many steps are eliminated in actual mechanical process, greatly improve detection efficiency.
(3) present invention need to only detect the track of μ, obtain the scattering angular data that μ passes through search coverage, it is not necessary to
To μ energy datums, detecting system cost is significantly reduced.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Cosmic Ray Muon detection system dimensional structure diagram used in specific example of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to distinguish 10 × 10 × 10cm in specific example of the present invention under different time3The uranium of size, the standard of iron and air
True rate.
Fig. 3 is that judgement shield whether there is the accuracy rate of uranium button under different time in specific example of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is detection system overall structure diagram in specific example of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is software package Geant4 in Monte Carlo of the present invention modeling figures.
Fig. 6 is that cosmic ray μ passes through 10 × 10 × 10cm in the present invention3The angle of scattering root-mean-square value of different materials.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and mode of the invention includes but not only limits
In following embodiment.
The method provided by the invention that heavy nucleus material is quickly identified using cosmic ray μ, it is ingenious in design, and it is easy to real
It is existing, it can quick and precisely judge whether concealed special nuclear material in closed container, be highly suitable on customs wharf and airport
It is detected to whether having concealed heavy nucleus material in container or other containers and other items.The present invention includes the following steps：
(1) Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model is built, common senior middle school's low atomic number material object is placed in ultra rays
It is defeated in Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model using Monte-Carlo code packet Geant4 simulations μ in μ detection system models
Fortune process, record 106A μ passes through common senior middle school's low atomic number material in the search coverage of Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model
The scattering angular data generated after material object, while μ is calculated according to the scattering angular data and passes through common high, normal, basic atomic number
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of number material object objecti, wherein i indicates the type serial number of common senior middle school's low atomic number material, according to
Angle of scattering root-mean-square value θiEstablish μ scattering data complete datas library；
(2) object to be identified is placed in the search coverage of the Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model in step (1), is counted
Calculate the angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ that different number μ passes through object to be identifiedx, while calculating θ using following algorithmxWith μ
θ in scattering data complete data libraryiGrey relational grade γ, γ between sequence indicate θxWith in μ scattering data complete datas library
θiThe computational methods of the similitude of some value in sequence, the grey relational grade γ are as follows：
δi=| θx-θi|, (1.1)
M=max | θx-θi|, m=min | θx-θi| (1.2)
Wherein, i indicates material category serial number, and i=(1,2,3 ..., m), ξ indicate to distinguish coefficient, δiIndicate θi
And θxAbsolute difference, M indicate δiMaximum value, m indicate δiMinimum value, and ξ ∈ (0,1), ξ is usually arranged as 0.5；
(3) according to the grey relational grade γ calculated in step (2), using decision function f (x) to object to be identified into
Row identification, the decision function f (x) are specially：
Wherein, when f (x) values are 1, object to be identified is attached most importance to nuclear material, when f (x) is less than 1, then target to be identified
Object is not heavy nucleus material.
For the present invention in step (1), the μ scattering datas complete data library includes the different common high, normal, basic originals of size
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of sub- ordinal number material object objectiDatabase, and in step (2), the angle of scattering of object to be identified
Root-mean-square value θxSelection common senior middle school's low atomic number material object identical with the size of the object to be identified dissipates
Firing angle root-mean-square value θiθ in databaseiSequence carries out grey relational grade γ calculating.
I in the present invention indicates material category, such as uranium, plutonium, tungsten, lead, copper, iron, aluminium, air.
Since angle and the Energy distribution ratio of Cosmic Ray Muon are more random, conventional method is realized by mathematical statistics
Processing to muonic number evidence, and quantity statistics need mass data, it is meant that detection time takes longer；And the present invention's is excellent
Gesture is to have initially set up μ angle of scattering complete datas library, and has first been trained using machine learning and be directed to different size objectives
The detection model of object only need to input mould according to related data is obtained using detection system the time required to differentiating different size objectives objects
Type can judge result, and many steps are eliminated in actual mechanical process, greatly improve detection efficiency.
The present invention need to only detect the track of μ, obtain the scattering angular data that μ passes through search coverage, it is not necessary to obtain μ
Sub- energy datum significantly reduces detecting system cost.
The present invention judges result in practical application, choosing 100 groups of data and being utilized respectively decision function f (x), obtains
The detection time needed when being more than 95% to accuracy rate, one is trained using the recurrence of machine learning by above three step
Detection model, specific method are by the detection of object to be detected size heavy nucleus material data identical with database and needs
Time corresponds.
When needing to differentiate object to be detected, can according to the corresponding database of size selection of object and
Detection time is measured the μ scattering datas of stipulated time using detecting system, and the μ scattering datas is input to above-mentioned instruction
It can differentiate the material category of object in the detection model practised.
The design principle of the present invention is that it is approximately a Gaussian Profile that Cosmic Ray Muon, which passes through the angle of scattering after material, short
The a small amount of μ scattering angular datas obtained in time are incomplete Gaussian Profiles, according to incomplete data characteristic value and heavy nucleus material μ
Similarity before sub- angle of scattering characteristic value judges whether object attaches most importance to nuclear material.
The present invention is described in detail with specific example below, as shown in figures 1 to 6.
Example 1
As shown in Fig. 1 or 4, it is up and down respectively three layers of MRPC flat panel detectors, is horizontally arranged, for recording μ across tested
Position to be hit before and after object, the incident direction and exit direction of μ are calculated with this, centre is search coverage, places checking matter,
The detected material of this example is 70 × 70 × 70cm3Sealing container, and in 70 × 70 × 70cm3Sealing container in
It placed 10 × 10 × 10cm3Object to be measured object, object to be measured object is uranium, iron or air.According to the method for the present invention
Obtain under different time distinguish uranium and iron and uranium and air accuracy rate, the results are shown in Figure 2, may be implemented within 1 minute uranium and
The differentiation of uranium and 95% or more iron accuracy rate may be implemented for 4 minutes in the differentiation of 100% accuracy rate of air.Per Layer Detection device in Fig. 4
Size is 1.2 × 2.4m2, and the distance between third layer detector and the 4th Layer Detection device are 1m, is worn per Layer Detection device record μ
The position crossed.
Example 2
As shown in Fig. 1 or 4, it is up and down respectively three layers of MRPC flat panel detectors, is horizontally arranged, for recording μ across tested
Position to be hit before and after object, the incident direction and exit direction of μ are calculated with this, centre is search coverage, places checking matter,
This example is in 70 × 70 × 70cm3Sealing container in placed 20 × 20 × 20cm3Object to be measured object, object to be measured object
It is lead or iron, and object to be measured object wall thickness 5cm, inside are possible to conceal 10 × 10 × 10cm3Uranium button.According to this
Inventive method obtains judging whether to conceal in object to be measured object under different time the accuracy rate of uranium button, and the results are shown in Figure 3, and 3
Minute may be implemented to whether there is uranium button in 95% accuracy rate judgement iron shield body, and the judgement of 95% accuracy rate may be implemented within 5 minutes
It whether there is uranium button in lead screen body.Every Layer Detection device size is 1.2 × 2.4m2, third layer detector and the 4th layer of spy in Fig. 4
It is 1m to survey the distance between device, the position passed through per Layer Detection device record μ.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit the protection model of the present invention
Enclose, as long as the present invention body design thought and that mentally makes have no the change of essential meaning or polishing, solved
The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for quickly identifying heavy nucleus material using cosmic ray μ, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model is built, common senior middle school's low atomic number material object is placed in Cosmic Ray Muon
In detection system model, transported in Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model using Monte-Carlo code packet Geant4 simulations μ
Journey, record 106A μ passes through common senior middle school's low atomic number material mesh in the search coverage of Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model
The scattering angular data generated after mark object, while μ is calculated according to the scattering angular data and passes through common senior middle school's low atomic number material
Expect the angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ i of object, wherein i indicates the type serial number of common senior middle school's low atomic number material, according to scattering
Angle root-mean-square value θiEstablish μ scattering data complete datas library；
(2) object to be identified is placed in the search coverage of the Cosmic Ray Muon detection system model in step (1), is calculated not
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ x of object to be identified are passed through with quantity μ, while calculating θ using following algorithmxIt is scattered with μ
Grey relational grade γ, γ in data complete data library between θ i sequences indicate θ x and θ i in μ scattering data complete datas library
The computational methods of the similitude of some value in sequence, the grey relational grade γ are as follows：
δi=| θx-θi|, (1.1)
M=max | θx-θi|, m=min | θx-θi| (1.2)
Wherein, i indicates material category serial number, and i=(1,2,3 ..., m), ξ indicate to distinguish coefficient, δiIndicate θiAnd θx
Absolute difference, M indicate δiMaximum value, m indicate δiMinimum value, and ξ ∈ (0,1)；
(3) according to the grey relational grade γ calculated in step (2), object to be identified is known using decision function f (x)
Not, the decision function f (x) is specially：
Wherein, when f (x) values are 1, object to be identified is attached most importance to nuclear material, and when f (x) is less than 1, then object to be identified is not
It is heavy nucleus material.
2. the method according to claim 1 for quickly identifying heavy nucleus material using cosmic ray μ, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (1), the μ scattering datas complete data library includes the different common senior middle school's low atomic number material objects of size
Angle of scattering root-mean-square value θiDatabase, and in step (2), the angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of object to be identifiedxSelection with
The angle of scattering root-mean-square value θ of the identical common senior middle school's low atomic number material object of size of the object to be identifiediData
θ in libraryiSequence carries out grey relational grade γ calculating.
3. the method according to claim 2 for quickly identifying heavy nucleus material using cosmic ray μ, which is characterized in that step
Suddenly in (2), the ξ is 0.5.
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| CN110991003A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-04-10 | 华南理工大学 | Energy spectrum and scattering angle calculation method for initially-knocked-out atoms of nuclear material |
| CN111290039A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-16 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Method for detecting heavy nuclear materials in cylindrical container |
| CN111458759A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-28 | 北京埃索特核电子机械有限公司 | Multi-purpose cosmic ray detection imaging method, device and system |
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| CN112307795A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-02-02 | 清华大学 | Substance screening device and method for extracting statistical characteristic quantity based on cluster analysis |
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