CN108411220A - High vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108411220A CN108411220A CN201810387273.4A CN201810387273A CN108411220A CN 108411220 A CN108411220 A CN 108411220A CN 201810387273 A CN201810387273 A CN 201810387273A CN 108411220 A CN108411220 A CN 108411220A
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- abrasion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/003—Moulding by spraying metal on a surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, chemical constituent includes by mass percentage：C：2.0 3.0%, W：3.5 5.0%, Mo：2.0 4.0%, Cr：4.0 5.0%, V：7.0 9.0%, surplus is iron；The carbide group of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon becomes MC carbide and M6C carbide, the wherein type of MC carbide are VC.High vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of the present invention has uniform microstructure, has excellent wear-resisting property, hardness and worked structure, widely used.The preparation method cost of the present invention is less than powder metallurgical technique, integrally reduces production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-speed steel, more particularly to a kind of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon.Meanwhile the invention further relates to a kind of high-carbon
The preparation method of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee.
Background technology
High-speed steel is the abbreviation of high-speed tool steel, is a kind of compound of complicated component, and high-speed steel, which removes, contains high carbon amounts
Outside, the alloying components such as also a large amount of W, Cr, V, Mo；Alloy and carbon form a large amount of carbide, and high-speed steel is made to have
High rigidity, high red hardness, high-wearing feature and enough toughness, greatly improve its cutting speed, bring machine tool row
The revolution of industry.
With the continuous needs changed and produce and process of machined material, people constantly change the ingredient of high-speed steel, first
After there is high molybdenum high speed steel M1, tungsten high speed steel M2, high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel, vulcanization easy cutting high-speed steel, super-hard high-speed steel
M40 series.High-speed steel is usually used in the precision instruments such as drill bit, screw tap, saw blade and hobboing cutter, pinion cutter, broaching tool, is particularly suitable for making
Make metal cutting tool.Therefore, the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon is to the more demanding of wearability.Currently, high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel increases
The content of carbon forms VC, so that the high-speed steel is obtained high hardness and wearability.Patent CN104878304B discloses one kind
Injection forming wear resistant corrosion resistant tool steel, although this tool steel compared to other high-speed steel in wear-resisting property and corrosion resistance
Aspect all significantly improves, but its wear-resisting property and hardness need to be improved, thus its received in application aspect it is a degree of
Limitation.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, has uniform microscopic structure with acquisition
The steel of structure so that steel have excellent wear-resisting property, hardness and worked structure, expand its application range.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
The chemical constituent of a kind of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon includes by mass percentage：C：
2.0-3.0%, W：3.5-5.0%, Mo：2.0-4.0%, Cr：4.0-5.0%, V：7.0-9.0%, surplus are iron；The high-carbon
The carbide group of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee becomes MC carbide and M6C carbide, the wherein type of MC carbide are VC.
The present invention uses sprayup process by using high C, high V and containing the design principle of W, promotes alloying element
Forming core and the refinement that carbide is participated under spray deposition processing, to improve the wearability and toughness of alloy.
The effect of C element：C element is one of component of carbide, and part C element part is solid-solution in matrix, is improved
Matrix strength.The content of C is not less than 2.0%, to ensure that alloying element can fully participate in the precipitation of carbide, when C content is low
When 2.0%, the quantity of carbide is accordingly reduced, and the wearability of steel and cutting ability is made to reduce.The maximum level of C is not higher than
3.0%, to ensure the uniformity and obdurability of steel, when C content is higher than 3.0%, then a large amount of superfluous carbide can be formed, is led
It causes the nonunf ormity of carbide to increase, the plasticity of steel, toughness is made to reduce, forgeability is deteriorated, and when Quench heating, holds
It is also easy to produce harmful structure, performance is caused to decline.It is that can be obtained maximum wear-resisting within the scope of 2.0-3.0% in above-mentioned C content
The cooperation of property, uniformity and obdurability.When designing alloying component, the content calculation formula of C element is：C%=0.235V%+
The wearability of 0.060Cr%+0.063Mo%+0.033W%, steel are improved with the increase of C element content.
The effect of V element：V element is carbide, is combined with C element to form high rigidity, high-strength in steel
The MC carbide of degree is the decisive organizational factor of steel wearability.The characteristics of spray technology quickly solidifies can prepare superelevation and contain
The steel of C, V and N are measured, obtains super-high wear-resistant, the content of V element is not less than 7.0%, to guarantee to be formed sufficient amount of MC
Carbide, when the content of V is less than 7.0%, the quantity of MC carbide is accordingly reduced, and makes the wearability and cutting ability drop of steel
It is low.The maximum level of V is not higher than 9.0%, and the machinability of steel otherwise can be made to be deteriorated.With the increase of V element content, can get
It takes measurements greatly tiny, graininess MC type carbide, to improve the wearability of high-speed steel.
The effect of W elements：In common high-speed steel, W elements are combined with C element, Fe elements, formation is a certain number of be difficult to it is molten
The primary carbide of solution, i.e. M6C carbide.And the main function of W elements is to form sufficient amount of proeutectoid carbide in this steel,
The proeutectoid carbide is M6C obtains the martensite containing certain W elements by high temperature solid solution, ensure that martensite is enough
Alloy degree, and then improve the hardness of steel.Compared to commonly without W element high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steels, the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon of the present invention
Under the premise of with super-high wear-resistant, it may have high rigidity makes it particularly suitable for manufacture metal cutting tool.W elements contain
Amount is not less than 3.5%, to ensure enough alloy degree.The maximum level of W is not higher than 5.0%, to ensure its processing performance.
The effect of Mo elements：Mo elements are suitable with the main function of W elements, to form sufficient amount of proeutectoid carbide.
But in terms of post-curing characteristic, Mo elements cannot still replace W elements completely, this is because its temper resistance is poor.This hair
The content of bright Mo elements is 2.0-4.0%.
The effect of Cr elements：Cr elements can promote the precipitation of carbide, meanwhile, part Cr element portions are solid-solution in base
Body improves the quenching degree of steel.The content of Cr elements of the present invention is 4.0-5.0%.
Further, the chemical constituent of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of the high-carbon includes by mass percentage：C：2.3-2.6%；
W：3.8-4.5%；Mo：3.2-3.4%；Cr：4.0-4.5%；V：7.8-8.3%, surplus are iron.
In order to reach better comprehensive performance, each chemical constituent in the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon of the present invention, which should control, to be required
In the range of.
Further, the volume fraction of the MC carbide is 16-20%.
Further, at least carbide size≤3 μm MC of 5-7% volume fractions, MC carbide full-size is not
More than 12 μm.
Further, the M6The type of C carbide is (Mo, W)6(C、N)。
Further, the M6The volume fraction of C carbide is 3-5%.
Further, the M6Size≤4 μm C carbide MC.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, high to prepare high-carbon as described above
Vanadium abrasion-resistant stee.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of preparation method of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, specifically includes the following steps：
A, molten steel is prepared by above-mentioned chemical composition requirement：By smelting furnace smelting molten steel, the side of external refining is then used
Method, removal of inclusions improve the degree of purity of molten steel.
B, steel ingot is prepared by spray technology：Using 200-250 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepare a diameter of 350-550mm's
Steel ingot.
The content general control of V element is 3% or so in traditional smelting process, and MC morphology of carbides when more than 3%
Drastically deteriorate, and the content of V element is unrestricted in powder metallurgical technique, due to the setting rate that it is exceedingly fast, MC carbide one
As control at 3 μm or so.The setting rate of spray deposition processing is between the two, unrestricted in terms of Composition Control, together
When, proeutectic carbide MC sizes are about 8 μm, and there are a certain number of M6C, the tiny carbide of MC, this just determines injection
The wear-resisting property of the superelevation of steel.
C, ingot annealing：It is annealed to steel ingot by the way of residual heat annealing.Using 800 DEG C heat preservation 1-4h, after with 10
DEG C/speed of s is cooled to 700 DEG C, furnace cooling.
D, Heating Steel Ingots：Heating temperature keeps the temperature 10-15 hours to 1100-1120 DEG C.
Spray steel consistency be about 98%, 100% cannot be reached, there are it is loose the defects of.In order to overcome the defect, carry
The hardness and wearability of Gao Gang, present invention design heat steel ingot.Since the thermal conductivity of air will be less than metal heat-conducting,
This requires Heating Steel Ingots time lengthenings.Meanwhile steel ingot is sprayed because there is no component segregation and microstructure segregation, temperature can slightly drop
It is low.
E, steel ingot hot-working：Single depression amount 60-100mm obtains forging material.
In order to weld with it is loose present in original steel ingot, achieve the effect that 100% densification, the present invention design to steel ingot carry out
Hot-working.Because spraying steel original structure there is no segregation, Deformation Resistance is smaller, and larger single depression amount can be used
60-100mm。
F, it anneals：Using 900 DEG C of heat preservation 1-4h, after with the speed of 10 DEG C/s be cooled to 700 DEG C, furnace cooling obtains steel
Material.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the advantage that：It is resistance to obtain the high vanadium of high-carbon for technical solution using the present invention
That grinds steel has uniform microstructure, has excellent wear-resisting property, hardness and worked structure, widely used.This
The preparation method cost of invention is less than powder metallurgical technique, integrally reduces production cost.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing for constituting the part of the present invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the organization chart of the high-carbon high-vandium steel described in the embodiment of the present invention 1.1.
Specific implementation mode
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The design philosophy of the present invention is and to use sprayup process system by using high C, high V and containing the design principle of W
The high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of standby high-carbon.
By the setting of the global design thought, alloying element can be promoted to participate in carbide under spray deposition processing
Forming core and refinement, to make steel have excellent wear-resisting property and toughness.
Based on global design thought as above, following embodiment is related to high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon and preparation method thereof.With
Detailed description to a portion concrete application under design philosophy as above.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is related to one group of high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel, and chemical constituent is as shown in table 1.1：
1.1 embodiment of table, 1 high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel, chemical constituent is as shown in table 1.1：
Using following preparation process：
A, molten steel is prepared by above-mentioned chemical composition requirement：The molten steel of ingredient qualification is smelted by smelting furnace, then uses stove
The method of outer refining, removal of inclusions improve the degree of purity of molten steel.
B, steel ingot is prepared by spray technology, prepares the steel ingot of a diameter of 350-550mm；The mistake of embodiment 1.1-1.4
It is 200,210,230 and 250 DEG C that temperature, which is set gradually,.
C, ingot annealing：Annealed to steel ingot by the way of residual heat annealing, at 800 DEG C keep the temperature 1-4h, after with 10 DEG C/
The speed of s is cooled to 700 DEG C, furnace cooling.
D, Heating Steel Ingots：By the Heating Steel Ingots of embodiment 1.1 to 1120 DEG C, 10 hours are kept the temperature；By the steel ingot of embodiment 1.2
1115 DEG C are heated to, keeps the temperature 12 hours；By the Heating Steel Ingots of embodiment 1.3 to 1110 DEG C, 14 hours are kept the temperature；By embodiment 1.4
Heating Steel Ingots to 1110 DEG C, keep the temperature 15 hours.
E, steel ingot hot-working：The single depression amount of embodiment 1.1-1.4 is respectively 80,70,100 and 60mm, obtains forging material.
F, it anneals：Using 900 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, after with the speed of 10 DEG C/s be cooled to 700 DEG C, furnace cooling obtains steel.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is related to the carbide content of the high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of embodiment 1 and granularity, heat treatment hardness, wear-resisting
The verification of performance, wherein carbide content and granularity are based on scanning electron microscope and obtain organization chart picture being analyzed, heat treatment hardness, resistance to
Mill performance is tested with reference to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 12444-2006 respectively.
By the high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel (alloy A) and powder smelting of the high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of embodiment 1.1,1.2 and purchase
The high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel (alloy B) of gold process processing procedure compares and analyzes, and result is as follows：
2.1 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table and alloy A, B are at being grouped as comparison
2.2 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table and the carbide content and granularity of alloy A, B compare
In table 2.2, the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon made from embodiment 1.1 and 1.2, Carbide size is at least 80% volume
The size of score carbide.
The carbide of high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention is analyzed, carbide group becomes MC carbide and M6C carbon
Compound, the wherein type of MC carbide are VC, the alloying elements such as main component V, C and a small amount of Fe, Cr, M6C carbide is
(Mo、W)6(C、N).The carbide size of high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention is 3 μm, and maximum MC carbide sizes are no more than 12 μ
M, since MC carbide has high rigidity, while MC carbide particles are tiny, therefore high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention is with excellent
Different wear-resisting property, while being conducive to the raising of toughness.The volume fraction of MC carbide is 16-20%, makes the high-carbon of the present invention
High-vanadium high-speed steel has excellent wearability.M in the present invention6The volume fraction of C carbide is 3-5%, carbide size 4
μm, M6C carbide particles are tiny, therefore high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention has superior wear-resisting property.Comparative alloy A, B
In Carbide size, the MC Carbide sizes of high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention are about Carbide size in alloy A, B
Half.Meanwhile the M of high-carbon high-high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention6C Carbide sizes are than M in alloy A, B7C3The granularity of carbide thin will obtain
It is more.In conclusion carbide size distribution is integrally tiny in alloy A, this just determines the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee tool of the present embodiment high-carbon
There is the wear-resisting property of superelevation.
Fig. 1 shows the organization chart of the high-carbon high-vandium steel described in embodiment 1.1.As seen from the figure, the high-carbon of embodiment 1.1 is high
Vanadium steel Carbide size is smaller, and distribution uniform, and then determines that the present embodiment high-carbon high-vandium steel has excellent wearability
Energy and quality.
2.3 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table and heat treatment hardness, wearability and the impact flexibility of alloy A, B compare：
By table 2.3 it is found that by suitable heat treatment, high speed high-vanadium high-speed steel hardness of the invention reaches 73HRC, can
Meet the application field demand of high speed high-vanadium high-speed steel of the present invention.Compare its wear-resisting property, the results showed that, the high vanadium of high speed of the present invention
The wear-resisting property of high-speed steel is substantially better than alloy A and B.In conclusion the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high speed of the present invention has excellent hardness
And wearability, it is particularly suitable for manufacture metal cutting tool.
In conclusion the high-speed steel of the present invention has uniform microstructure, has excellent wear-resisting property, hardness
And machinability, it is widely used, it is particularly suitable for manufacture metal cutting tool.Meanwhile preparation method cost of the invention is less than
Powder metallurgical technique integrally reduces production cost.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, it is characterised in that：The chemical constituent of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon is by mass percentage
Meter includes：C：2.0-3.0%, W：3.5-5.0%, Mo：2.0-4.0%, Cr：4.0-5.0%, V：7.0-9.0%, surplus are
Iron；The carbide group of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon becomes MC carbide and M6The type of C carbide, wherein MC carbide is
VC。
2. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The chemical group of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon
Divide and includes by mass percentage：C：2.3-2.6%；W：3.8-4.5%；Mo：3.2-3.4%；Cr：4.0-4.5%；V：7.8-
8.3%, surplus is iron.
3. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of any one high-carbon according to claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：The body of the MC carbide
Fraction is 16-20%.
4. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of any one high-carbon according to claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：At least 5-7% volumes point
Several carbide size≤3 μm MC, MC carbide full-sizes are no more than 12 μm.
5. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of any one high-carbon according to claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：The M6The class of C carbide
Type is (Mo, W)6(C、N)。
6. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of any one high-carbon according to claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：The M6The body of C carbide
Fraction is 3-5%.
7. the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of any one high-carbon according to claim 1-2, it is characterised in that：M6C carbide particle sizes
≤4μm。
8. a kind of preparation method of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon, it is characterised in that：Prepare any one of the claim 1-7 high-carbon
The method of high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee, includes the following steps：
A, molten steel is prepared：It is molten steel, removal of inclusions that raw material, which is smelted,；
B, Φ 350-550mm steel ingots are prepared by spray technology；The degree of superheat is 200-250 DEG C in course of injection；
C, ingot annealing：1-4h is kept the temperature at 800 DEG C, after with the speed of 10 DEG C/s be cooled to 700 DEG C, furnace cooling.
9. the preparation method of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Further include the following steps：
D, Heating Steel Ingots：Heating temperature keeps the temperature 10-15 hours to 1100-1120 DEG C.
10. the preparation method of the high vanadium abrasion-resistant stee of high-carbon according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Further include the following steps：
E, steel ingot hot-working：Single depression amount 60-100mm obtains forging material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109763077A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-17 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Hard high-wearing feature high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114850436A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-05 | 上海交通大学 | Carbide refining method of high-carbon high-alloy steel |
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| JP2002105580A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-10 | Kogi Corp | Double-layered roll for hot rolling |
| CN101153376A (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-04-02 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-vanadium, high-cobalt high speed steel |
| CN102660714A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-12 | 河南理工大学 | High-carbon and high-vanadium wear-resistant steel |
| CN104878301A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-02 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Spray forming high-speed steel |
| CN104894482A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-09 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Spray formed tool steel |
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| CN109763077A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-17 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Hard high-wearing feature high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109763077B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2021-11-23 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | High-hardness high-wear-resistance high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114850436A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-05 | 上海交通大学 | Carbide refining method of high-carbon high-alloy steel |
| CN114850436B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-05-09 | 上海交通大学 | Carbide refining method for high-carbon high-alloy steel |
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