CN108366420B - Synchronous detection method based on Golay complementary sequence - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronous detection method based on Golay complementary sequences, which aims at specially designed Golay complementary training sequences, firstly, cross-correlation operation is carried out on an input sequence and a local sequence by utilizing a Golay fast correlator to obtain two paths of correlation values, and the two paths of correlation values are subjected to weighted delay superposition; then setting a threshold value based on the power of the received signal, and carrying out peak value detection on the correlation value after delay superposition; and finally, performing synchronous judgment by using the detected peak value. The method integrates the characteristics that the sum of the Golay complementary sequence autocorrelation values has a unique peak value and the side lobe is zero, improves the robustness of the system and effectively solves the problem of positioning ambiguity caused by the traditional time delay autocorrelation algorithm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a synchronous detection method based on Golay complementary sequences.
Background
In a wireless communication system, synchronization is a prerequisite for correct data transmission, and the process is generally divided into two steps of initial acquisition and tracking, wherein acquisition is one of the most important links in the synchronization technology, and comprises two parts of time synchronization and frequency synchronization. In general, a receiving end does not know a start position of a signal, and cannot directly receive and demodulate data information, so time synchronization is required. Typical algorithms such as the Schmidl & Cox algorithm use a frame preamble that includes two identical parts to estimate the frame start position by obtaining an "autocorrelation plateau" through a simple delayed autocorrelation operation. The problem of timing ambiguity is caused by adopting a delay autocorrelation algorithm, delay cross-correlation operation is introduced for improving the timing precision of a synchronization algorithm, and synchronization judgment is carried out by detecting the number of related peak value clusters.
The Golay complementary sequence is proposed for the first time by Marcel Golay in 1949 and has good complementary autocorrelation characteristics, although the autocorrelation sidelobe of a single sequence in the Golay complementary sequence is not zero, but the sidelobe of the sum of the autocorrelations of the two sequences is equal to zero. And due to the unique recursive generation mode, the matched filter of the Golay sequence has a quick implementation algorithm, so that the hardware implementation resource consumption is low, and the working frequency is high. The traditional synchronization sequence only utilizes the repeatability of a single sequence to carry out symbol synchronization, and because only the single sequence is utilized, a receiving end cannot fully utilize the good complementary autocorrelation characteristic of the Golay sequence when carrying out symbol synchronization, so that a synchronization method which can fully utilize the good complementary autocorrelation characteristic of the Golay sequence and improve the performance of the traditional scheme is required to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems that the timing position is fuzzy, the side lobe is not zero, the maximum peak value cannot be accurately obtained and the like in the frame synchronization detection scheme, the invention provides a synchronization detection method based on a Golay complementary sequence, which can ensure that the sum of the delayed cross-correlation values of the synchronization sequence under an ideal condition has a unique peak value and the side lobe is zero, and simultaneously, the maximum peak value is searched through comparison and replacement, so that the performance of maximum peak value detection is improved, the reliable synchronization of a communication party is met, and in order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a synchronization detection method based on the Golay complementary sequence, which comprises the following steps:
step 3, comparing the module of the correlation value with a threshold value, and judging the correlation value as a correlation peak if the module of the correlation value exceeds the threshold value; turning to the step 4; if the correlation peak is lower than the threshold value, the correlation peak is considered to be absent;
step 4, synchronous judgment is carried out according to the detected peak value, and the position interval is keptthFinding the sample point with the maximum peak value in the same peak value cluster in the range of (1) and recording the size and the bit of the sample pointSimultaneously updating the number of peak value clusters, wherein the peak value clusters are defined as a plurality of peak values possibly appearing around the maximum peak value due to the influence of factors such as multipath and the like, the maximum peak value and the peak value around the maximum peak value are one peak value cluster, if the number of the peak value clusters is equal to the number of the preset peak value clusters, synchronous detection is completed, and if the number of the peak value clusters in the length of one frame is less than the number of the preset peak value clusters, synchronous failure occurs;
In step 1, a Golay fast correlator is used to perform correlation operation on the digital received signal, and the correlation values are overlapped in a delayed manner, and the method includes the following steps:
step 1-1, obtaining two-way cross-correlation values alpha (k), beta (k) of a receiving sequence r (k) and local Golay complementary sequences a (k), b (k) through a Golay correlator, wherein the form is as follows:
step 1-2, performing different time delays on the two paths of cross-correlation values through a time delay module, and multiplying the delayed correlation values by a weighting coefficient w ═ w0，w1，…，w7]And then adding, wherein the basic length of the delay is Golay sequence length L, and the finally obtained correlation value is as follows:
in a further improvement of the present invention, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, selecting NsampAnd each receiving signal sampling point calculates the power of the sampling point and carries out accumulation and summation:
step 2-2, setting threshold value V of peak detection according to the obtained accumulated power value P (k)th；
Vth＝ρ*|P(k)|2；
Wherein ρ is a threshold coefficient, | P (k) is non-volatile2Is NsampThe modulo square of the sum of the individual sample powers.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating a modulo-squared | γ (k) of a correlation value γ (k) to count the cells2And comparing the current Y (k) with the detection threshold set in the step 2-2, and calculating the Y (Y) when the Y (k) is zero2＜VthIndicating that the kth correlation value is not a peak value; when | gamma (k) & gtdoes not fume2＞VthWhen the k-th correlation value is the peak value gammapeak(k)。
In a further improvement of the present invention, the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4-1: initializing maximum Peak storage sequence of M length Peak _ Values ═ 0,0, …,0]The maximum Peak position storage sequence Peak _ Index ═ 0,0]Position interval thresholdthNumber of current peak clusters CpeakNumber of desired peak clusters C of 0num＝M；
Step 4-2: calculating the peak value gammapeak(k) And the Peak _ Index in the maximum Peak position storage sequence is [0 ]]Is equal to | k-Peak _ Index [0 ]]If |, if <thThen the peak value γpeak(k) And Peak value Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Belonging to the same peak value cluster, and turning to the step 4-3; if the peak value is greater than th, the cluster belongs to different peak value clusters, and the step 4-4 is switched;
step 4-3: comparing the peak values gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Of magnitude of (a), if γpeak(k)＞Peak_Values[0]Then replace Peak _ Values [0 ]]Has a value of gammapeak(k) While replacing Peak _ Index [0 ]]The value of (b) is k; if gamma ispeak(k)＜Peak_Values[0]Then, without any operation, the next peak value gamma is selectedpeak(k') rotationStep 4-2;
step 4-4: the position interval is greater than an interval thresholdthI.e. to illustrate the peak value gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ]]If the peak value clusters belong to different peak value clusters, the number C of the peak value clusters is updatedpeak＝Cpeak+1, updating the Values of the Peak _ Values of the maximum Peak storage sequence and the Peak _ Index of the maximum Peak position storage sequence simultaneously, wherein the Peak _ Values updating formula is as follows:
Peak_Values[M-1]＝Peak_Values[M-2]；
Peak_Values[M-2]＝Peak_Values[M-3]；
Peak_Values[0]＝γpeak(k)；
the Peak _ Index update formula is as follows:
Peak_Index[M-1]＝Peak_Index[M-2]；
Peak_Index[M-2]＝Peak_Index[M-3]；
Peak_Index[0]＝k；
and 4-5: within a frame, if the number of peak clusters CpeakIf the number of the clusters is the same as the expected Peak value cluster, the synchronous decision is successful, the synchronous signal is output, and the output synchronous position is Peak _ Index [ 1]]+ L; number of clusters if peak value CpeakIf the number of the clusters is less than the expected peak value cluster number, the synchronization fails and the step 4-1 is carried out, and the synchronization judgment is carried out again.
The invention discloses a synchronous detection method based on Golay complementary sequences, which utilizes the Golay complementary sequences as synchronous sequences, avoids the problem of fuzzy timing position caused by delayed autocorrelation and reduces the influence of side lobes on synchronous detection; meanwhile, the complexity of correlation operation is reduced by using a special matched filtering structure of a Golay complementary sequence; the peak value is searched through comparison and replacement, and the performance of maximum peak value detection is greatly improved. The invention is not only suitable for a low data rate communication system, but also suitable for a high speed communication system; compared with the traditional synchronization algorithm, the method obviously improves the synchronous detection probability of the wireless communication system, and has low implementation complexity, high timing precision and strong application value.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system employed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general flowchart of a synchronous detection method;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of Golay complementary sequence correlation peaks;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating comparison of detection performances of Golay sequences and PN sequences respectively adopted in an additive white gaussian noise channel (AWGN) according to the embodiment of the present invention and a conventional synchronous detection method.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
the invention provides a synchronization detection method based on Golay complementary sequences, which can ensure that the sum of delayed cross-correlation values of the synchronization sequences under an ideal condition has a unique peak value and a side lobe is zero, and simultaneously, the maximum peak value is searched through comparison and replacement, so that the performance of maximum peak value detection is improved, and the reliable synchronization of a communication party is met.
Referring to fig. 1, a system block diagram is shown, in which an embodiment of the present invention provides a synchronization detection method based on Golay complementary sequences, and the synchronization detection method is applied in a wireless communication system, and includes the following steps:
the step comprises the following substeps:
step 1-1, obtaining two-way cross-correlation values alpha (k), beta (k) of a receiving sequence r (k) and local Golay complementary sequences a (k), b (k) through a Golay correlator, wherein the form is as follows:
step 1-2, performing different time delays on the two paths of cross-correlation values through a time delay module, and multiplying the delayed correlation values by weightingCoefficient w ═ w0，w1，…，w7]And then adding, wherein the basic length of the delay is Golay sequence length L, and the finally obtained correlation value is as follows:
for example, for a Golay complementary sequence with a length L of 32, the weighting factor w is [1,1, -1,1,1, -1,1,1], the transmitted synchronization sequence is constructed by the Golay complementary sequence through corresponding combinations so as to satisfy that the side lobe of the correlation value around the peak is zero, fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the correlation peak, the correlation value has a unique peak and the side lobe is zero in a certain range, and table 1 shows a specific form of the Golay complementary sequence and a construction mode of the synchronization detection sequence:
TABLE 1 Golay complementary sequences of length 32 and synchronous detection sequences
the step comprises the following substeps:
step 2-1, selecting NsampCalculating the power of the sampling points and performing accumulation and summation:
step 2-2, setting threshold value V of peak detection according to the obtained accumulated power value P (k)th:
Vth＝p*|P(k)|2
Wherein ρ is a threshold coefficient set to 0.4, | P (k) & gt2Is NsampThe modulo square of the sum of the individual sample powers.
Step 3, comparing the module of the correlation value with a threshold, if the module of the correlation value exceeds the threshold, judging the correlation value as a correlation peak, and turning to step 4; if the correlation peak is lower than the threshold value, the correlation peak is considered to be absent;
the step comprises the following substeps:
calculating a modulo-squared | γ (k) of a correlation value γ (k) to count the cells2And comparing the current Y (k) with the detection threshold set in the step 2-2, and calculating the Y (Y) when the Y (k) is zero2＜VthIndicating that the kth correlation value is not a peak value; when | gamma (k) & gtdoes not fume2＞VthWhen the k-th correlation value is the peak value gammapeak(k)。
Step 4, synchronous judgment is carried out according to the detected peak value, and the position interval is keptthFinding out the sample point with the maximum peak value in the same peak value cluster in the range of the peak value cluster, recording the size and the position of the sample point, updating the number of the peak value clusters simultaneously, completing synchronous detection if the number of the peak value clusters is equal to the number of the preset peak value clusters, and failing to synchronize if the number of the peak value clusters is less than the number of the preset peak value clusters within the length of a frame;
the step comprises the following substeps:
step 4-1: initializing maximum Peak storage sequence of M length Peak _ Values ═ 0,0, …,0]The maximum Peak position storage sequence Peak _ Index ═ 0,0, …,0]Position interval thresholdthNumber of current peak clusters CpeakNumber of desired peak clusters C of 0num＝M；
Step 4-2: calculating the peak value gammapeak(k) And the Peak _ Index in the maximum Peak position storage sequence is [0 ]]Is equal to | k-Peak _ Index [0 ]]If |, if <thThen the peak value γpeak(k) And Peak value Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Belonging to the same peak value cluster, and turning to the step 4-3; ifthIf the peak value belongs to different peak value clusters, turning to the step 4-4;
step 4-3: comparing the peak values gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Of magnitude of (a), if γpeak(k)＞Peak_Values[0]Then replace Peak _ Values [0 ]]Has a value of gammapeak(k) While replacing Peak _ Index [0 ]]The value of (b) is k; if gamma ispeak(k)＜Peak_Values[0]Then, without any operation, the next peak value gamma is selectedpeak(k') go to step 4-2；
Step 4-4: the position interval is greater than an interval thresholdthI.e. to illustrate the peak value gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ]]If the peak value clusters belong to different peak value clusters, the number C of the peak value clusters is updatedpeak＝Cpeak+1, updating the Values of the Peak _ Values of the maximum Peak storage sequence and the Peak _ Index of the maximum Peak position storage sequence simultaneously, wherein the Peak _ Values updating formula is as follows:
Peak_Values[M-1]＝Peak_Values[M-2]；
Peak_Values[M-2]＝Peak_Values[M-3]；
Peak_Values[0]＝γpeak(k)；
the Peak _ Index update formula is as follows:
Peak_Index[M-1]＝Peak_Index[M-2]；
Peak_Index[M-2]＝Peak_Index[M-3]；
Peak_Index[0]＝k；
and 4-5: within a frame, if the number of peak clusters CpeakIf the number of the clusters is the same as the expected Peak value cluster, the synchronous decision is successful, the synchronous signal is output, and the output synchronous position is Peak _ Index [ 1]]+ L; number of clusters if peak value CpeakIf the number of the clusters is less than the expected peak value cluster number, the synchronization fails and the step 4-1 is carried out, and the synchronization judgment is carried out again.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, which is a flowchart of the synchronization detection method, for the parameters set in step 1-3, the length of the storage sequence and the number of the expected Peak clusters are both equal to 3, and the initialized maximum Peak storage sequence is Peak _ Values ═ 0,0]And the maximum Peak position storage sequence is Peak _ Index [0,0 ]]The position interval threshold is set asth170. Continuously searching for exceeding threshold VthIf the interval between the peaks is withinthWithin 170, the series of peaks are considered to belong to the same Peak cluster, the magnitudes between the peaks are compared, the largest Peak among the peaks is found, the magnitude and position are recorded in Peak _ Value and Peak _ Index respectively, andand continuously accumulating the number of the peak value clusters, and finishing synchronization if 3 peak value clusters appear, and giving out a synchronization signal.
With reference to fig. 4, the detection performance of the synchronization detection method provided by the present invention is compared with that of the conventional synchronization detection method under an additive white gaussian noise channel, wherein the abscissa is SNR, the ordinate is capture probability P, the modulation method adopts BPSK, and 500 synchronization decision processes are respectively performed under different SNRs. It can be seen that the traditional time-delay autocorrelation method can not capture the synchronization signal when the SNR is less than-10 dB, and can achieve 90% of capture probability when the SNR is-1 dB, while the invention has consistent capture performance for the PN sequence and the Golay complementary sequence and is superior to the traditional synchronization detection algorithm based on time-delay autocorrelation, and can achieve 90% of correct capture probability when the SNR is-9 dB. For the Golay complementary sequence, because the correlator has a special fast correlation structure, compared with the PN sequence, the synchronous detection system based on the Golay complementary sequence is more resource-saving in hardware implementation and has a faster processing speed.
The method has the advantages that the characteristic of the Golay complementary sequence is utilized, the peak value cluster is considered, not only is a single peak value, the threshold setting method based on the signal power is applied, the processing time of the synchronous detection algorithm is effectively shortened, and the requirement of good detection performance when the signal to noise ratio is low is met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any modifications or equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A synchronous detection method based on Golay complementary sequences comprises the following steps:
step 1, performing correlation operation on the digital receiving signal after analog-digital conversion by using a Golay fast correlator, and simultaneously performing corresponding time delay on a correlation value by using a time delay module to realize time delay superposition of Golay complementary sequence correlation values;
step 2, selecting a digital receiving signal with a length range of N to perform power calculation by using a power-based threshold detection algorithm, and adjusting the size of a threshold value of peak value detection according to a power value;
step 3, comparing the module of the correlation value with a threshold value, and judging the correlation value as a correlation peak if the module of the correlation value exceeds the threshold value; turning to the step 4; if the correlation peak is lower than the threshold value, the correlation peak is considered to be absent;
step 4, synchronous judgment is carried out according to the detected peak value, and the position interval is keptthFinding out the maximum sample point of the peak value in the same peak value cluster in the range of (1) recording the size and the position of the sample point, and updating the number of the peak value clusters, wherein the peak value clusters are defined as a plurality of peak values possibly appearing around the maximum peak value due to the influence of factors such as multipath and the like, the maximum peak value and the peak value around the maximum peak value are one peak value cluster, if the number of the peak value clusters is equal to the number of the preset peak value clusters, the synchronous detection is finished, and if the number of the peak value clusters in the length of one frame is less than the number of;
step 5, outputting a synchronous signal and a synchronous position if the synchronous detection is finished; if the synchronous detection fails, all parameters are initialized, and the step 4 is switched to carry out synchronous judgment again.
2. A synchronization detection method based on Golay complementary sequences according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, a Golay fast correlator is used to perform correlation operation on the digital receiving signals, and the correlation values are overlapped in a delayed manner, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1-1, obtaining two-way cross-correlation values alpha (k), beta (k) of a receiving sequence r (k) and local Golay complementary sequences a (k), b (k) through a Golay correlator, wherein the form is as follows:
step 1-2, performing different time delays on the two paths of cross-correlation values through a time delay module, wherein the time delays areThe correlation value is multiplied by a weighting factor w ═ w0，w1，…，w7]And then adding, wherein the basic length of the delay is Golay sequence length L, and the finally obtained correlation value is as follows:
3. a synchronization detection method based on Golay complementary sequences according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 2 is specifically as follows:
step 2-1, selecting NsampAnd each receiving signal sampling point calculates the power of the sampling point and carries out accumulation and summation:
step 2-2, setting threshold value V of peak detection according to the obtained accumulated power value P (k)th；
Vth＝ρ*|P(k)|2；
Wherein ρ is a threshold coefficient, | P (k) is non-volatile2Is NsampThe modulo square of the sum of the individual sample powers.
4. The Golay-complementary-sequence-based synchronization detection method according to claim 3, wherein the step 3 is as follows:
calculating a modulo-squared | γ (k) of a correlation value γ (k) to count the cells2And comparing the current Y (k) with the detection threshold set in the step 2-2, and calculating the Y (Y) when the Y (k) is zero2＜VthIndicating that the kth correlation value is not a peak value; when | gamma (k) & gtdoes not fume2＞VthWhen the k-th correlation value is the peak value gammapeak(k)。
5. The Golay-complementary-sequence-based synchronous detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 is as follows:
step 4-1: initializing the maximum peak of M lengthThe value storage sequence Peak _ Values ═ 0,0, …,0]The maximum Peak position storage sequence Peak _ Index ═ 0,0, …,0]Position interval thresholdthNumber of current peak clusters CpeakNumber of desired peak clusters C of 0num＝M；
Step 4-2: calculating the peak value gammapeak(k) And the maximum Peak position stores the Peak _ Index [0 ] in the sequence]Is equal to | k-Peak _ Index [0 ]]If |, if <thThen the peak value γpeak(k) And Peak value Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Belonging to the same peak value cluster, and turning to the step 4-3; ifthIf the peak value belongs to different peak value clusters, turning to the step 4-4;
step 4-3: comparing the peak values gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ] in the maximum Peak value storage sequence]Of magnitude of (a), if γpeak(k)＞Peak_Values[0]Then replace Peak _ Values [0 ]]Has a value of gammapeak(k) While replacing Peak _ Index [0 ]]The value of (b) is k; if gamma ispeak(k)＜Peak_Values[0]Then, without any operation, the next peak value gamma is selectedpeak(k') go to step 4-2;
step 4-4: the position interval is greater than an interval thresholdthI.e. to illustrate the peak value gammapeak(k) And Peak _ Values [0 ]]If the peak value clusters belong to different peak value clusters, the number C of the peak value clusters is updatedpeak＝Cpeak+1, updating the Values of the Peak _ Values of the maximum Peak storage sequence and the Peak _ Index of the maximum Peak position storage sequence simultaneously, wherein the Peak _ Values updating formula is as follows:
Peak_Values[M-1]＝Peak_Values[M-2]；
Peak_Values[M-2]＝Peak_Values[M-3]；
Peak_Values[0]＝γpeak(k)；
the Peak _ Index update formula is as follows:
Peak_Index[M-1]＝Peak_Index[M-2]；
Peak_Index[M-2]＝Peak_Index[M-3]；
Peak_Index[0]＝k；
and 4-5: within a frame, if the number of peak clusters CpeakIf the number of the clusters is the same as the number of the expected peak value clusters, the synchronous judgment is successful, a synchronous signal is output, and a synchronous position is outputIs Peak _ Index [ 1]]+ L; number of clusters if peak value CpeakIf the number of the clusters is less than the expected peak value cluster number, the synchronization fails and the step 4-1 is carried out, and the synchronization judgment is carried out again.
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