CN108362379B - Wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and device - Google Patents
Wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dispersion type spectrum, in particular to a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and a device. The device comprises a first dispersion system, an image splitter, a first light focusing module, a second collimation module, a second dispersion system and a detector which are sequentially arranged along a light path; the point target is led into a spectrometer system through an optical fiber, enters a first dispersion system for light splitting after collimation, forms images on the plane of an image splitter after convergence, splits light of different spectral ranges through the image splitter, reflects the light of different angles, converges and collimates the light, enters a second dispersion system for secondary light splitting, and forms images on the detector surface. Can realize wide-spectrum high-resolution spectral dispersion, and is suitable for various fields such as material component analysis, astronomical optical signal detection, atmospheric wind field velocity measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dispersion type spectrum, in particular to a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and a spectrometer.
Background
The spectrum technology has wide application in the fields of remote sensing, biochemistry, environmental protection, astronomy, agriculture and the like. The core of the spectroscopic technique is the spectroscopic technique, and the current spectroscopic technique mainly comprises dispersion spectroscopy, optical filter spectroscopy and interferometry spectroscopy.
The optical filter is a newly developed light-splitting element and has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, simple optical design and the like, but the processing technology of the optical filter is not mature. Interferometric spectrometer technology is mature and can achieve high spectral resolution over a broad spectrum. However, the high-resolution interference spectrometer has a large volume affected by the optical path, and cannot be miniaturized or light-weighted. Dispersive spectrometers are currently the most widely used spectroscopic technique.
Wherein the light splitting element in the dispersive spectrometer mainly comprises a prism, a grating or a filter. The prism has simple structure and wide application, but has larger volume and weight and uneven dispersion; in contrast, gratings are widely used in spectroscopic instruments with small volume, light weight, and strong dispersion capability; the optical filter beam splitting is limited by technology, so that the realization of a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum is very difficult and the cost is high.
The problem of limited spectrum band caused by the number of detector pixels exists in the high-resolution dispersive spectrometer, and the problem is generally realized by adopting a method of splicing a line detector or adopting a method of combining high-resolution echelle grating and prism cross dispersion with a large area array detector. The method for splicing the linear array detector has the advantages that the achievable spectral range and spectral resolution are difficult to get rid of the limitation of the detector, and the size and the cost are large. In the scheme of the high-resolution echelle grating and the prism cross dispersion, the high-resolution echelle grating has higher cost, and the prism has large volume and weight, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the spectrometer are higher, and the cross dispersion can lead to spectrum line bending, thereby causing various system errors and reducing the system measurement precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method and a device. The problems that the wide-spectrum high-resolution range is limited by detector row or column pixels, the volume and weight of a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum instrument are large, the cost is high and the like are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: dispersing the collimated target light to the direction of a detector row pixel or a detector column pixel;
step two: reflecting the spectrum dispersed along the detector row pixels or column pixels to different row or column positions of the same plane according to different spectrum segments;
step three: and D, carrying out secondary dispersion along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector after converging and collimating the reflected light beams in the step two, and dispersing spectrum bands positioned on different rows or columns to different rows or columns of the detector.
Preferably, the above object is a single or multiple point light sources.
The invention also provides a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion device for realizing the method, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a first dispersion system, an image splitter, a first light-gathering module, a second collimation module, a second dispersion system and a detector which are sequentially arranged along a light path;
the first dispersion system comprises a first alignment module and a first dispersion module which are sequentially arranged along the light path;
the first collimation module expands the point target into plane parallel light, the plane parallel light enters the first dispersion module to be dispersed, the first dispersion module spreads the plane parallel light along the direction of the detector row pixels or the detector column pixels, the dispersed light beam is transmitted to the image splitter, the image splitter cuts the dispersed light beam, different spectral sections are reflected along different angles, and the reflection direction is perpendicular to the dispersion direction of the first dispersion module; the first light condensing module converges the reflected light beams of the image splitter and then enters the second collimating module to be collimated, so that parallel light beams with different spectral bands are obtained; the parallel light beams with different spectral ranges enter a second dispersion system, the second dispersion system carries out secondary dispersion on the parallel light along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector, and the spectral ranges positioned in different rows or columns are dispersed to different rows or columns of the detector.
Preferably, a converging mirror is further included between the first dispersing module and the image splitter, and the converging mirror is used for converging the light beams of the first dispersing module according to different spectral bands.
Preferably, the second dispersion system may include a second dispersion module and a second light-focusing module sequentially arranged along the optical path; and the second dispersion module carries out secondary dispersion on the parallel light along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector, and then the parallel light enters the second dispersion module for convergence, and each spectrum is obtained on different rows or columns of the detector.
Preferably, the second dispersion system may also be a curved grating.
Preferably, the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are gratings or prisms, and can be replaced by other one-dimensional dispersion elements, and the resolution of the second dispersion module is greater than that of the first dispersion module.
Preferably, the first light condensing module is a convex lens or a convex lens group, and condenses the incident parallel light with different angles at different spatial positions.
Preferably, the second collimating module is a micro lens group, and collimates light of different spectrum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the spectral dispersion capability with wider spectrum band and higher resolution;
when the grating is dispersive to the target spectrum, the spectrum resolution is inversely proportional to the spectrum dispersion range under the condition that the number of pixels in the detector row or column is determined, and the high-resolution wide-spectrum spectral measurement cannot be realized. The method comprises the steps of dispersing a target to a detector row pixel through a grating or a prism, reflecting a spectrum along the row dispersion to different plane positions through an image slicer, enabling different spectrum sections to be arranged on different rows or columns of the detector, and carrying out secondary dispersion on narrow-band spectrums located on different rows or columns of the same plane along the row or column direction through a high-resolution dispersion element to obtain a wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum line.
2. In the wide-spectrum dispersion process, the two dispersion directions are consistent, and the phenomenon of spectrum curve bending caused by cross dispersion is avoided, so that spectrum detection errors caused by spectrum line bending are avoided, the resolution of a spectrum meter is improved, and the design scheme reduces the later data processing difficulty and complexity.
3. According to the invention, the spectrum chromatic dispersion of a wider spectrum can be realized by using one detector without adopting detector splicing during spectrum broadening, so that miniaturization and light weight of an optical system design can be realized.
4. The invention does not adopt the step grating and prism cross dispersion scheme when the spectrum is dispersed in high resolution, does not adopt a prism in an optical system, can reduce the volume and the weight of the system, and the image slicer is a reflecting device, so that the optical system can be more compact by a reflecting light path.
5. The spectrum broadening and dispersion can realize high-precision dispersion by adopting a common high-resolution blazed grating without adopting a high-dispersion echelle grating, and the method has lower difficulty in engineering realization and relatively lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second dispersion system;
the reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-a first collimation module, 2-a first dispersion module, 3-an image splitter, 4-a first light condensation module, 5-a second collimation module and 6-a second dispersion system; 61-a second dispersion module, 62-a second light condensation module and 7-a converging mirror.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion technology and the spectrometer are mainly used in various fields such as substance component analysis, astronomical optical signal detection, atomic energy level detection and the like. Firstly, dispersing a target to the direction of a detector row pixel or a detector column pixel; secondly, cutting the primary dispersion image surface by adopting an image slicer, and reflecting the primary dispersion image surface to different positions of the same plane; and thirdly, carrying out secondary dispersion along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector after converging and collimating the reflected light beams, converging different spectral light beams at different positions due to different incident angles, carrying out secondary dispersion along the primary dispersion direction by a high-dispersion device after passing through a collimation system, and dispersing the whole spectral light beam to different rows or columns of the detector. On one hand, the problem that the wide spectrum is limited by the detector under the condition of high-resolution chromatic dispersion is solved, and on the other hand, the system has compact structure and no complex device, and can realize miniaturization, light weight and low cost.
In this embodiment, dispersion can be achieved by the arrangement shown in fig. 1, as can be seen in fig. 1 and 2,
the first collimating module 1, the first dispersion module 2, the converging mirror 7, the image splitter 3, the first light gathering module 4, the second collimating module 5, the second dispersion system 6 and the detector are sequentially arranged along the light path;
in this embodiment, the second dispersion system 6 includes a second dispersion module 61 and a second optical convergence module 62 that are sequentially disposed along the optical path, and may also be directly replaced by a curved grating; the first dispersion module 2 and the second dispersion module 61 are gratings, and can be replaced by prisms or other one-dimensional dispersion elements; a converging mirror 7 for converging the light beams of the first dispersion module according to different spectral bands; the image slicer 3 is a micro-step reflector array and consists of plane reflectors with different angles, and is characterized in that lines or planes are split and then reflected along different angles; the first condensing module 4 condenses incident parallel light with different angles at different space positions, and the convex lens is equivalent to a condensing light path; the second collimation module 5 is a cylindrical mirror or a beam splitting path micro lens; the resolution of the second dispersion module 61 represents the actual resolution of the spectrometer, and the second dispersion is in agreement with the first dispersion direction.
The specific dispersion process is as follows:
1) Wherein the target is a single or a plurality of point light sources, the target is imaged on a focal plane through an objective lens, the target is introduced into the first collimation module 1 through an optical fiber or the objective lens, and then the point target is expanded into plane parallel light which enters the first dispersion module 2 for light splitting. The input parallel light is dispersed along the direction of the detector row pixels or the detector column pixels through the first dispersing module 2, the dispersed light beams are transmitted to the converging mirror 7, and the light beams of the first dispersing module are converged according to different spectral ranges and then enter the image splitter 3.
2) The target dispersive spectral line is cut by an image slicer 3 and different spectral segments are reflected along different angles, the reflection direction being perpendicular to the dispersion direction of the first dispersive module 2.
3) The light reflected by the image splitter 3 is converged by the first light condensing module 4, and due to different angles of the light of each step reflection spectrum of the image splitter 3, different steps corresponding wave bands are compressed on the same plane at different positions (such as a1, a2 and a3 in fig. 1), and the compressed light enters the second collimating module 5.
4) And each compressed spectrum is collimated by the second collimating module 5, secondary dispersion is carried out by the high-resolution second dispersion module, the dispersion direction is consistent with the primary dispersion direction, and the spectrum in different rows or columns is dispersed to different rows or columns of the detector by the converging mirror.
Claims (9)
1. A wide-spectrum high-resolution spectrum dispersion device is characterized in that: the system comprises a first dispersion system, an image splitter, a first light-gathering module, a second collimation module, a second dispersion system and a detector which are sequentially arranged along a light path;
the first dispersion system comprises a first alignment module and a first dispersion module which are sequentially arranged along the light path;
the first collimation module expands the point target into plane parallel light, the plane parallel light enters the first dispersion module to be dispersed, the first dispersion module spreads the plane parallel light along the direction of the detector row pixels or the detector column pixels, the dispersed light beam is transmitted to the image splitter, the image splitter cuts the dispersed light beam, different spectral sections are reflected along different angles, and the reflection direction is perpendicular to the dispersion direction of the first dispersion module; the first light condensing module converges the reflected light beams of the image splitter and then enters the second collimating module to be collimated, so that parallel light beams with different spectral bands are obtained; the parallel light beams with different spectral ranges enter a second dispersion system, the second dispersion system carries out secondary dispersion on the parallel light along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector, and the spectral ranges positioned in different rows or columns are dispersed to different rows or columns of the detector; the dispersion direction of the first dispersion module is consistent with the dispersion direction of the secondary dispersion.
2. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a converging mirror is further arranged between the first dispersion module and the image slicer and is used for converging the light beams of the first dispersion module according to different spectral ranges.
3. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the second dispersion system comprises a second dispersion module and a second condensation module which are sequentially arranged along the light path; and the second dispersion module carries out secondary dispersion on the parallel light along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector, and then the parallel light enters the second dispersion module for convergence, and each spectrum is obtained on different rows or columns of the detector.
4. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the second dispersion system is a curved grating.
5. A broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the first dispersion module and the second dispersion module are gratings or prisms, and the dispersion capacity of the second dispersion module is larger than that of the first dispersion module.
6. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the first light condensation module is a convex lens or a convex lens group.
7. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the second collimation module is a tiny lens group.
8. A wide-band high-resolution spectrum dispersion method based on the wide-band high-resolution spectrum dispersion device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
step one: the target light is collimated and then dispersed along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector;
step two: reflecting the spectrum dispersed along the detector row pixels or column pixels to different row or column positions of the same plane according to different spectrum segments;
step three: and D, carrying out secondary dispersion along the direction of the row pixels or the column pixels of the detector after converging and collimating the reflected light beams in the step two, and dispersing spectrum bands positioned on different rows or columns to different rows or columns of the detector.
9. The broad spectrum high resolution spectral dispersion method of claim 8, wherein: the target is a single or multiple point light sources.
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| CN114659635B (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 天津师范大学 | Spectral depth imaging device and method based on image surface segmentation light field |
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| CN101059370A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2007-10-24 | 西安交通大学 | High flux, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN105371949A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-03-02 | 南京理工大学 | Format type dispersion imaging spectrometer and detecting method thereof |
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| US6747738B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-06-08 | Raytheon Company | Optical system with variable dispersion |
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| US5305082A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1994-04-19 | Chromax, Inc. | High spatial resolution imaging spectrograph |
| CN101059370A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2007-10-24 | 西安交通大学 | High flux, high detection sensitivity minitype polarization interference imaging spectrometer |
| CN105371949A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-03-02 | 南京理工大学 | Format type dispersion imaging spectrometer and detecting method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| "高分辨率光谱仪与极大望远镜耦合问题分析";张弛 等;《应用光学》;第35卷(第5期);第868-872页 * |
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