CN108360587B

CN108360587B - Thin-layer material shovel loader

Info

Publication number: CN108360587B
Application number: CN201810272377.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹永平; 屈胜英
Original assignee: Dong Guanxian
Current assignee: GAOTANG Rongzhi Rongzhi Technology Service Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2018-03-29
Filing date: 2018-03-29
Publication date: 2020-09-01
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-29
Also published as: CN108360587A

Abstract

The thin-layer material shovel loader comprises a movable arm, a bucket, a rotary oil cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a truck body and a self-dumping truck bed. A left movable arm, a right movable arm, a left bucket arm, a right bucket arm, a left bucket and a right bucket are respectively arranged on two sides of a machine frame in front of a vehicle body. Only one end of each bucket is connected with one bucket arm, and one bucket can pass by the upper edge and the lower edge of the other bucket. The vehicle body is provided with a self-discharging wagon box. When shoveling materials, a driver drives the vehicle to move forward at a proper speed, and a bucket is put down from the front of the vehicle body, lands and moves forward along with the vehicle to shovel the materials, and simultaneously moves forward by a certain distance and is increased by a certain distance from the front of the vehicle body. The other bucket is put down from the position which is vacated in front of the vehicle body to be shoveled into the ground. The former bucket is lifted by the movable arm and the bucket arm immediately and rotates to the upper part of the self-dumping compartment for unloading. The two buckets alternately land and shovel materials, and alternately unload materials. After the self-discharging wagon box is filled, the wagon box is driven to a designated place for discharging. The device is suitable for quickly collecting and loading thin-layer ground garbage, silt and various raw materials, and improves the working efficiency.

Description

Thin-layer material shovel loader

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of environment-friendly machinery, and particularly relates to a thin-layer material shovel loader.

Background

On present square, on the broad road surface, because near construction, often pile up a large amount of silt subaerial, especially street side underground installation, change large-scale underground drain pipe, all piled up earth along the street. The soil is shoveled by a bucket of an excavator to fill the underground sewer pipe during construction. However, after a large amount of soil is shoveled away, the remaining thin layer of soil is difficult to be shoveled by the excavator bucket. And a lot of time is spent on shoveling, a little of the soil is shoveled, the soil is poured out, the scattered soil is scraped together, and finally the residual soil is still not shoveled completely. And the materials such as stacked coal, raw materials and the like in the factory area of an enterprise, the ground of a mine are often loaded and transported away by a loader. But later, a large residual thin layer of material on the ground is shoveled, turned around a bit and poured out, and then turned back to shovel again. Still take a lot of time to shovel and scrape, the work efficiency is extremely low to still shovel not clean at last, still must be cleaned by the environmental protection workman, adorn with the spade.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing thin-layer material shoveling machine and provides a thin-layer material shoveling machine capable of quickly and continuously shoveling, which is hereinafter referred to as a shovel machine.

The invention is realized by the following steps: the thin-layer material shovel loader comprises a movable arm, a bucket, a rotary oil cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a truck body and a self-dumping truck bed. The bucket comprises a left bucket and a right bucket, the movable arm comprises a left movable arm and a right movable arm, and the bucket arm comprises a left bucket arm and a right bucket arm. Only one end of each bucket is connected with a bucket arm as a support, and the other end of each bucket is not supported. The rear ends of the left and right movable arms are respectively arranged on the machine frame in front of the vehicle body, hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged between the left and right movable arms and the lower part of the machine frame, and the front ends of the left and right movable arms are respectively connected with the rear ends of the left and right bucket arms. A rotary oil cylinder and a gear are arranged between the movable arm and the bucket arm, and the movable arm controls the rotation angle of the bucket arm through the rotary oil cylinder and the gear. A rotary oil cylinder and a gear are arranged between the bucket arm and the bucket, and the bucket arm controls the rotation angle of the bucket through the rotary oil cylinder and the gear. When thin-layer materials are shoveled, the left shovel bucket and the right shovel bucket can continuously and alternately shovel and load ground materials and alternately lift and rotate the shovel buckets to unload the materials into the self-unloading carriage on the vehicle body. The left bucket and the right bucket alternately shovel materials and unload materials, and the vehicle body can not decelerate and stop. Either one of the left and right buckets can be bypassed above and below the other bucket. The self-discharging wagon body is provided with a self-discharging wagon box capable of self-discharging materials, the left and right shovels scoop up the materials and pour the materials into the self-discharging wagon box, and the self-discharging wagon box is driven to a specified place to automatically discharge the materials after loading rated materials. The rear end of the bucket arm is connected with a shaft pin pipe into a whole, one end of the shaft pin pipe is connected with a gear into a whole, and the gear is provided with a through hole which is the same as the shaft pin pipe. The axle pin tube and the gear are penetrated by an axle pin and are arranged in the shell at the front end of the movable arm. A rotary oil cylinder is arranged in the shell in front of the bucket arm, a pinion is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary oil cylinder, and the pinion is meshed with the gear. The shaft lug of the bucket is connected with a shaft pin pipe into a whole, the shaft lug connected with the shaft pin pipe is connected with a gear into a whole, and the gear and the shaft lug are provided with through holes which are the same as the shaft pin pipe. The shaft lug of the bucket, the shaft pin pipe connected with the shaft lug and the gear are arranged in the shells at the two sides of the front end of the bucket arm in a penetrating way by a shaft pin. A rotary oil cylinder is arranged in a shell at the front end of the bucket arm, and a pinion is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary oil cylinder and meshed with a gear connected with a shaft lug of the bucket.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. a left bucket and a right bucket are arranged, and only one end of each bucket is connected with a bucket arm. Under the control of the left and right movable arms and the bucket arm, the two buckets can alternately shovel materials and alternately discharge materials. The vehicle body moves forward at a proper speed, and continuous operation can be carried out without stopping or reducing. The material such as ground rubbish can be shoveled and loaded one by one ground, and the work efficiency is greatly improved. 2. The vehicle body is provided with a self-discharging carriage, and a certain material shoveled by the bucket can be poured out in time, so that the next shoveling is convenient. When the dumper is loaded with materials with certain weight and volume, the dumper can be unloaded at a specified place.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a thin material shovel loader configuration and the shovel loader in operation.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the connection of the boom, arm, and bucket.

Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the boom and the arm are drivingly connected.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the drive connection between the arm tip and the bucket.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the position of the bucket as the arm rotates during scooping, lifting, and discharging.

In the drawings: material 1, left bucket 2, left arm 3, left boom 4, hydraulic cylinder 5, frame 6, right arm 7, right boom 8, right bucket 9, wheels 10, cab 11, girder 12, dump truck bed 13, axle pin 14, vehicle body 15, gear 16, rotary cylinder 17, pinion 18, axle pin tube 19, axle lug 20, right boom housing 21, right arm housing 22.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a thin-layer material shovel loader and the operation of the shovel loader. The right bucket 9 is shoveling the material 1 on the ground and the left bucket 2 is dumping the material 1. A cab 11 and a dump box 13 are provided on a girder 12 of the vehicle body. Beneath the body are wheels 10. The upper surface of the front of the dump box 13 is provided with an inclined opening which extends to the top of the cab 11. The self-discharging wagon box is a backward dumping structure. The structure of the lower portion of the dump box, including the hydraulic cylinder, is the same as that of the conventional dump box, and will not be described in detail. A frame 6 is provided in front of the vehicle body. The rear end of the right movable arm 8 is hinged on the right frame 6. A hydraulic cylinder 5 is mounted below the right boom 8. A rotary cylinder and gears are installed between the right boom 8 and the right arm 7 to control the rotation of the right arm 7. The right end of the right bucket 9 is connected with the front end of the right bucket arm 7, and the rotation of the right bucket is controlled by a rotary oil cylinder and a gear. The rear end of the left movable arm 4 is hinged on a frame 6 on the left side of the vehicle body. A hydraulic cylinder 5 is also arranged between the left movable arm and the lower edge of the frame. A rotary oil cylinder and a gear are also arranged between the front end of the left movable arm 4 and the left bucket arm 3 to control the left bucket arm to rotate. The left end of the left bucket 2 is connected with the left bucket arm 3, and the left bucket is controlled to rotate by a rotary oil cylinder and a gear.

In fig. 1, the vehicle body is advancing at an appropriate speed. The two buckets alternately shovel materials and alternately discharge materials. The vehicle body can continuously work without speed reduction and stopping.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the connection of the boom, arm, and bucket. The thin-layer material shovel loader is mainly used for shovel loading of ground thin-layer materials. When the bucket shovels ground materials every time, the materials are shoveled into a certain area along with the front of the vehicle body, and the materials shoveled into the bucket are not much and not heavy. The weight of the shovel is about sixty kilograms each time. Although each bucket is used for shoveling a small amount of materials, the two buckets work continuously, and the working efficiency is high. Therefore, one arm is attached to one end of each bucket, and the arm and the boom are provided with sufficient widths, the bucket housing is also thin, and the bucket itself is also light. Therefore, the bucket arm and the movable arm can bear the torsion of a bucket shoveling dozens of kilograms of materials. The torque force born by the movable arm and the bucket arm reaches more than one hundred and fifty kilograms in design.

Fig. 2 illustrates a right bucket, a right boom, and a right arm as an example. The rear end of the right movable arm 8 is hinged on a frame 6 arranged in front of the vehicle body 15. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is hinged below the frame 6. A piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the lower part of the right movable arm 8. The front end of the right movable arm 8 is connected with the shell of the right bucket arm 7, and the shell is cut in fig. 2. The rear end of the right bucket arm is connected with a shaft pin pipe 19 into a whole. The end of the pin tube facing the paper in fig. 2 is integrally connected to a gear 16. The gear 16 is provided with a through hole as the shaft pin pipe. A shaft pin 14 passes through the shells on both sides of the front end of the right movable arm and a shaft pin pipe 19, and the shaft pin pipe and the gear are arranged between the shells on both sides of the front end of the right movable arm. A rotation cylinder 17 is installed in the right boom front housing near the pivot pin pipe 19. A pinion 18 is mounted to the front end of the output shaft of the rotary cylinder 17. Pinion 18 meshes with gear 16. The rotary oil cylinder rotates forwards and backwards for a certain angle, and then the right bucket arm can be driven to rotate for a certain angle. In fig. 2, the transmission connection between the lug 20 connected to one end of the right bucket 9 and the front end of the right bucket arm 7 is also in a manner of rotating a cylinder and a gear, and the structure is the same as the connection structure between the rear end of the right bucket arm and the front end of the right movable arm.

The rotary oil cylinder can generate a large moment, the bucket shovel loads about sixty kilograms of materials, and the rotary oil cylinder is enough to drive the right bucket arm and the right bucket to rotate.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a state where the boom and the arm are in transmission connection, and is a plan view of fig. 2 in which the right boom and the right arm are cut away from the housing. In fig. 3, the rear end of the right arm 7 is integrally connected to a shaft pin tube 19. One end of the pintle tube 19 is connected to a gear 16. A shaft pin penetrates through pin holes on the shells on two sides of the front end of the right movable arm, penetrates through a shaft pin pipe and a gear center hole, and connects the rear end of the right bucket arm 7 to the front end of the right movable arm. The rotary cylinder 17 is mounted in the right boom housing 21, and a pinion 18 is mounted on the rotary cylinder output shaft. Pinion 18 meshes with gear 16.

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the state where the arm tip is drivingly connected to the bucket. The right arm and the right bucket are illustrated in a cut-away, planar view of the housing in FIG. 2. In fig. 4, the lug 20 of the bucket at the lower end of the right bucket 9 is integrally connected to a pivot tube 19. A gear 16 is connected and fixed on a shaft lug 20 of the bucket connected above the shaft pin tube 19. A pivot pin 14 passes through the gear, pin holes on the right bucket ears, and a pivot pin tube 19 to connect the right bucket in a right bucket arm housing 22 on both sides of the front end of the right bucket arm. The rotary oil cylinder 17 is arranged between the two side shells of the right arm. A pinion 18 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the rotary cylinder 17. Pinion 18 meshes with gear 16. The positive rotation and the negative rotation of the rotary oil cylinder drive the bucket to rotate up and down.

Fig. 5 is a view showing the position of the bucket rotated by the arm at the time of scooping, lifting, and discharging. The right bucket and the right arm are described as an example. Position a in fig. 5 is the position of the right bucket 9 in horizontal shoveling. The opening of the right bucket faces the right, and the lower shell of the right bucket is grounded. In the position B in fig. 5, the right bucket arm 7 is rotating upwards and the right bucket is full of material. At this time, the automatic control part in the shovel loader control system instructs the rotary oil cylinder 17 of the right bucket to rotate correspondingly, and the opening of the right bucket is controlled to be upward all the time. The position C in figure 5 is that the right bucket arm rotates to the highest point in the unloading process. Point D in fig. 5 is the final position of the right arm during discharge. The right bucket is at B point, C point, D point position, and whole unloading in-process, and control system all automatic control right bucket's opening is upwards to prevent that the material from pouring out. An angle detector is mounted between the arm and the bucket, and between the boom and the arm, and the detector is not shown in the drawing. The control system adjusts the angle between the bucket and the arm according to the rotation angles of the movable arm and the arm, and instructs the rotating oil cylinder for controlling the bucket to rotate by a corresponding angle towards the upward opening direction of the bucket. And after the bucket arm rotates to the point D, namely the bucket arm rotates to the last angle, the control system immediately instructs the rotary oil cylinder for controlling the bucket to rotate to enable the bucket to turn over, so that the opening of the bucket faces downwards, and the bucket is unloaded. Namely, the right bucket 9 is in the E-point position state in fig. 5. Subsequently, the arm rotates back to the A position, the bucket also rotates back to the A position, and the shell below the bucket lands to start to shovel materials.

The shovel loader works as shown in figure 1. A bucket, such as the right bucket in fig. 1, is first placed on the ground as close to the front of the vehicle body as possible. The lower shell side of the right bucket has a little inclination angle with the ground. The other bucket, the left bucket in fig. 1, is placed over the dump box. The driver drives the vehicle forward at an appropriate speed. When a right bucket on the ground moves forward along with a vehicle to load materials, the right bucket arm is matched with the right movable arm, the lower end of the right bucket arm moves forward, the right movable arm rotates downwards appropriately, and then the distance between the right bucket and the vehicle body is increased, and the distance is enough for putting down another bucket, and is called as a bucket distance in the following. When the right bucket is used for shoveling materials with certain weight, the left bucket is put down to the ground in a bucket distance space which is left from the front edge of the vehicle body under the control of the left movable arm and the left bucket arm, and shovels in the back of the right bucket. The right bucket is rotated by the right bucket arm and the right movable arm immediately, the bucket opening faces upwards, and the bucket is lifted. The right movable arm and the right bucket arm both rotate upwards. No matter which position the bucket arm rotates to as in fig. 5, the control system automatically controls the opening of the right bucket to always face upwards, so that materials in the right bucket cannot fall out. When the right movable arm rotates to be close to the vertical position like the left movable arm in the figure 1, and the right bucket arm rotates to be at the position like the left bucket arm in the figure 1, the control system immediately commands the right bucket to turn over, and the right bucket opening pours materials downwards. The right bucket is in the condition of position E in fig. 5. When the left bucket moves forwards with the lower end of the left bucket arm when the left bucket moves forwards along with the vehicle on the ground, the left movable arm rotates downwards appropriately, a bucket distance is formed between the left bucket and the vehicle body, and the control system instructs the left bucket and the right bucket to carry out material shoveling and discharging according to the interval time or the advancing distance of the vehicle body. The two buckets alternately shovel and unload materials for continuous operation.

The left and right bucket structures are the same. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left arm is connected to the left of the left bucket, and the right arm is connected to the right of the right bucket. One of the two buckets is placed behind the other bucket, and the end of the bucket which is not supported is properly spaced from the arm connected with the other bucket, so that the ends of the buckets do not interfere with each other.

The weight of the material shoveled by each bucket is a rough range, and is about sixty kilograms generally. The driver can master the operation for many times according to different materials. The volume of the bucket can be reduced a little, the length of the bucket is unchanged, and the bucket is not more than eighty kilograms when the bucket is filled with earth.

When the shovel loader works on a wide ground, after one ground is shoveled and loaded in a certain direction, the shovel loader loads the next ground along the boundary of the originally shoveled and loaded ground by a back shovel. And each shovel limit repeatedly exceeds the original shovel limit to make up for the defect that the positions of the bucket arms left in the alternate shovel of the two buckets cannot be shoveled. Because the end of the latter bucket which is not supported always has to be out of the position of the arm of the former bucket, namely, the end of the latter bucket cannot extend to the lower edge of the arm of the former bucket. Namely, the ground under the bucket arm of the previous bucket is a material shoveling blind area of the next bucket. Therefore, the problem is solved when the shovel loading limit of the next shovel loading exceeds the shovel loading limit of the previous shovel loading, namely the shovel loading limit of the previous shovel loading is repeated.

In the control system, after each bucket shovels materials from the ground, programs are input into the angles of rotation of a movable arm and a bucket arm of the bucket in the unloading process and the opening of the bucket arm upwards at different positions in the lifting process, and the programs are controlled by a computer program. The angle of rotation of the movable arm and the bucket arm from the unloading position to the bucket distance before the bucket falls on the ground is controlled by a computer program. The operator only presses the unloading key, and the bucket automatically falls down according to the program to enter the material shoveling stage. The bucket on the ground is lifted up according to the program and automatically unloaded. When the material is unloaded, the operator only needs to master the time and press the unloading key. Or the time of each time of unloading can be input in the program, an 'automatic key' is set, the 'automatic key' is pressed under the condition that the thickness of the ground material is more uniform, and all unloading processes including a material shoveling process in the process that the vehicle body moves forward on the ground can be automatically completed. Such simple automatic control is a widely used prior art and will not be described here.

When the shovel loader travels, one bucket is placed above the self-discharging carriage, and the other bucket is placed in front of the body and is thirty-forty centimeters away from the ground.

Except the technical features described in the specification, the other technical features are the prior art.

Claims

1. Thin layer material shovel installation, its characterized in that:

(1) the thin-layer material shovel loader comprises a movable arm, a bucket, a rotary oil cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a vehicle body and a self-dumping wagon box;

(2) the bucket comprises a left bucket and a right bucket, the movable arm comprises a left movable arm and a right movable arm, and the bucket arm comprises a left bucket arm and a right bucket arm;

(3) only one end of each bucket is connected with a bucket arm as a support, and the other end of each bucket is not supported;

(4) the rear ends of the left and right movable arms are respectively arranged on a rack in front of the vehicle body, hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged between the left and right movable arms and the lower part of the rack, and the front ends of the left and right movable arms are respectively connected with the rear ends of the left and right bucket arms;

(5) a rotary oil cylinder and a gear are arranged between the movable arm and the bucket arm, and the movable arm controls the rotation angle of the bucket arm through the rotary oil cylinder and the gear;

(6) a rotary oil cylinder and a gear are arranged between the bucket arm and the bucket, and the bucket arm controls the rotation angle of the bucket through the rotary oil cylinder and the gear;

(7) when the thin-layer materials are shoveled, the left and right shovels can continuously and alternately shovel and load the ground materials and alternately lift and rotate the shovel bucket to unload the materials into the self-unloading carriage on the vehicle body;

(8) the left bucket and the right bucket alternatively shovel and unload materials, and the vehicle body can not decelerate and stop;

(9) any one bucket of the left bucket and the right bucket can bypass from the upper side and the lower side of the other bucket;

(10) when the right bucket shovels materials with certain weight, the left bucket is put down to the ground from a bucket distance space left from the front edge of the vehicle body under the control of the left movable arm and the left bucket arm, and shovels in the back of the right bucket;

(11) one of the two buckets is placed behind the other bucket, and the end of the bucket without support is properly spaced from the arm connected with the other bucket without mutual interference;

(12) the self-discharging wagon body is provided with a self-discharging wagon box capable of self-discharging materials, the left and right shovels scoop the materials into the self-discharging wagon box, and the self-discharging wagon box is driven to a specified place to automatically discharge the materials after loading rated materials.

2. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the rear end of the bucket arm is connected with a shaft pin pipe into a whole, one end of the shaft pin pipe is connected with a gear into a whole, and the gear is provided with a through hole which is the same as the shaft pin pipe.

3. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the axle pin tube and the gear are penetrated by an axle pin and are arranged in the shell at the front end of the movable arm.

4. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: a rotary oil cylinder is arranged in the shell in front of the bucket arm, a pinion is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary oil cylinder, and the pinion is meshed with the gear.

5. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the shaft lug of the bucket is connected with a shaft pin pipe into a whole, the shaft lug connected with the shaft pin pipe is connected with a gear into a whole, and the gear and the shaft lug are provided with through holes which are the same as the shaft pin pipe.

6. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: the shaft lug of the bucket, the shaft pin pipe connected with the shaft lug and the gear are arranged in the shells at the two sides of the front end of the bucket arm in a penetrating way by a shaft pin.

7. The thin-layer material shoveling machine as recited in claim 1, wherein: a rotary oil cylinder is arranged in a shell at the front end of the bucket arm, and a pinion is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary oil cylinder and meshed with a gear connected with a shaft lug of the bucket.