CN108347483B - Decentralized computing system based on double-layer network - Google Patents
Decentralized computing system based on double-layer network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
Abstract
The invention discloses a decentralized computing system based on a double-layer network, which consists of a plurality of light nodes, a plurality of full nodes and a plurality of main nodes, wherein a block chain main network is formed among the light nodes, the full nodes and the main nodes, and the main nodes form a main node processing network; in a blockchain primary network, a plurality of light nodes are used for storing user-specific data; the system comprises a plurality of full nodes and a plurality of main nodes, wherein the full nodes and the main nodes are used for storing a complete block chain based on a consensus mechanism; in a master node processing network, a plurality of master nodes comprising: and the computing node with the computing function is used for executing the data computing task under the chain to obtain a computing result. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, a plurality of main nodes are utilized for resource isolation, so that the expandability is higher, the data processing constraint is reduced, and the data throughput of the system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a decentralized computing system based on a double-layer network.
Background
With the popularization of bitcoin, people begin to recognize that the blockchain technology behind bitcoin has not only been the basis of a new electronic currency, but also has extremely huge application potential. In short years, many decentralized application systems, such as application systems applied to the fields of data encryption, cloud computing, social media and the like, are established based on the blockchain technology. In the existing decentralized application system, all computation and storage are executed on a chain, the hardware cost required to be invested is high, and especially for a large-scale application system, a large amount of hardware cost is consumed. In addition, in the existing decentralized application system, because each full node needs to store a complete block chain and execute a calculation task, the data throughput is low, and the application requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention has been developed to provide a two-tier network-based decentralized computing system that overcomes, or at least partially addresses, the above-identified problems.
The invention provides a decentralized computing system based on a double-layer network, which consists of a plurality of light nodes, a plurality of full nodes and a plurality of main nodes, wherein a block chain main network is formed among the light nodes, the full nodes and the main nodes, and the main nodes form a main node processing network;
in a blockchain primary network, a plurality of light nodes are used for storing user-specific data; the system comprises a plurality of full nodes and a plurality of main nodes, wherein the full nodes and the main nodes are used for storing a complete block chain based on a consensus mechanism;
in a master node processing network, a plurality of master nodes comprising: and the computing node with the computing function is used for executing the data computing task under the chain to obtain a computing result.
Further, the plurality of master nodes further comprises: a verification node having a verification function;
the verification node is configured to: verifying the calculation result; and if the verification fails, sending the data calculation task under the link to the main network of the block link for on-link execution.
Further, the plurality of master nodes are nodes selected from the initial full nodes of the block chain master network and meet a preset selection strategy.
Further, the preset selection strategy includes: the number of the owned coins exceeds a preset threshold value; and/or the hardware condition meets the preset hardware requirement; and/or the network connection state is always on-line.
Further, the plurality of master nodes includes: an ore excavation node having an ore excavation function and a non-ore excavation node not having an ore excavation function;
the excavation node is used for: and packing the data needing to be identified into a new block, adding the new block into the block chain, and broadcasting the block chain added with the new block into the main block chain network.
Further, after the mining node acquires the rights and interests, the rights and interests are distributed to each main node according to a preset proportion.
Further, the mining nodes are produced by election through an election mechanism.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, a plurality of main nodes are utilized for resource isolation, so that the expandability is higher, the data processing constraint is reduced, and the data throughput of the system is effectively improved. Specifically, the technical scheme effectively improves the storage performance of the system, fully utilizes the storage space of the main node, effectively reduces the data calculation amount, reduces the calculation cost and utilizes the calculation capacity of the main node. The technical solution solves the most fundamental and time consuming problem of decentralized application development, allowing developers to focus on application scenarios and customer needs. Based on the core function and standard interface of the system, developers can conveniently complete decentralized application development through hundreds of lines of codes.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a two-tier network-based decentralized computing system, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a decentralized computing system based on a two-tier network according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the system is composed of a plurality of light nodes, a plurality of full nodes, and a plurality of master nodes, wherein the plurality of light nodes, the plurality of full nodes, and the plurality of master nodes form a master node processing network.
In a blockchain primary network, a plurality of light nodes are used for storing user-specific data; the plurality of full nodes and the plurality of master nodes are configured to store a complete blockchain based on a consensus mechanism. Through the light nodes, the user can verify the whole node even if the whole node is not operated as long as the user stores all the block header information. The light node does not verify on its node itself, but with the associated full node, the light node itself only needs to store user-specific data. The full node may be a server running on the P2P network that allows peers to use them to receive updates about events on the network. Full nodes are very important to the health of the network because they provide users with the ability to synchronize and quickly propagate messages throughout the network.
In order to provide better service to the system, the system adopts a two-layer network design. In addition to the blockchain primary network in etherhouses (Ethereum), the system adds a secondary network, referred to as the primary node processing network. A blockchain host network is a blockchain based network, such as an etherhouse, that acts as a backbone for the entire system. With the equity incentives, the master node of the system will have high availability and provide the required level of service to the blockchain network.
In a master node processing network, multiple master nodes are also used for resource isolation. The master nodes are specifically nodes which are selected from initial full nodes of the block chain master network and meet a preset selection strategy, that is, the master nodes belong to special full nodes.
In order to ensure that the master node can provide the service well, the master node needs to conform to a preset selection policy. Specifically, the preset selection policy may include: the number of the owned coins exceeds a preset threshold value; and/or the hardware condition meets the preset hardware requirement; and/or the network connection state is always on-line. The skilled person can set the preset selection policy according to the actual need, which is not limited herein. For example, the preset threshold may be set to 20000, and the preset hardware requirement may include requirements for a hard disk, a memory, a processor, and the like. In addition, in order to avoid the master node from handling network centralization, the master node may be required to pay a preset number of coins as a security deposit.
Wherein the plurality of master nodes include: an excavation node having an excavation function and a non-excavation node having no excavation function. And the mining node is used for packaging the data needing to be identified together into a new block, adding the new block into the block chain, and broadcasting the block chain added with the new block into the main block chain network. And after the ore excavation node executes the operation, the right is obtained. In order to encourage more users to participate in the main node processing network, the system provides a main node reward mechanism, and after the mining node acquires the rights and interests, the rights and interests are distributed to each main node according to a preset proportion. Specifically, a portion of 50% of the equity may be allocated as rewards to various non-mining nodes in the master node. Wherein the equity allocated to each non-excavation node is proportional to the margin.
The mining nodes are created by election through an election mechanism. In particular, the election mechanism may be a delegation rights attestation mechanism (i.e., a DPoS mechanism). According to the DPoS mechanism, the token holder selects the producer of the block (i.e., the mine excavation node) that is responsible for generating the block and gains rights as a result of generating the block. Producers of elections will have the opportunity to produce blocks proportional to the total number of votes they obtain. The voting process is continuous and therefore the producer has the incentive to perform its functions with the highest standard, otherwise there is a risk of losing the number of votes.
In a particular implementation, the system delegates 2n +1 mining nodes. Specifically, one producer is authorized to produce blocks at any given point in time. In each round of election, the first 2n main nodes with the largest number of owned coins are elected as producers, and the last producer can obtain a random number generated according to the block time.
Based on the DPoS mechanism and the main node reward mechanism, the system adopts a mixed mining mechanism, namely, a commission rights and interests certification (DPoS) and a main node certification. Delegation rights prove to ensure the efficiency of blockchain master networks, while the master node reward mechanism encourages more master nodes to participate.
The system utilizes an ownership model, such as EOS, to give the user a proportional share of network resources, such as bandwidth, storage and processing power, based on the number of tokens in possession. This means that if one owns 1% of the tokens of the system, they will always be able to utilize 1% of the network bandwidth, regardless of the load on the rest of the network. Furthermore, there is no development cost for the network other than the originally purchased tokens for the system, since the network will have a zero transaction fee. However, if it is desired to reclaim the initial investment, tokens for the system may be sold.
In pursuit of a balance of security and efficiency, the system separates data storage and computation into two categories, namely, on-chain and off-chain. In particular, the plurality of master nodes are further configured to provide an off-link data storage service isolated from the block-link master network. In the system, the required consensus data is stored as on-chain data, which will be downloaded and identified by all users. And the non-consensus-required data will be stored as the downlink data. Multiple master nodes will store the non-consensus data as the down-link data. The non-consensus data may be text, images, etc. that do not necessarily have the same degree of consistency as the currency transaction. The storage performance of the system can be effectively improved through the storage mode, so that the storage space of the main node is fully utilized. And the plurality of main nodes generate corresponding hash values according to the non-consensus data, and the hash values are used as index addresses to enable other nodes to access the non-consensus data according to the index addresses. The invention indexes according to the hash value corresponding to the data without consensus instead of the path or URL, thereby effectively avoiding the data from being accessed maliciously, providing the built-in support for decentralized storage and allowing the user to select the reliability requirement of the data according to the balance between redundancy and reliability. Decentralized storage services are stably and reliably provided by the primary node processing network in accordance with equity incentives of the primary node reward mechanism.
In addition, in order to avoid the situation that the data is damaged and cannot be successfully accessed, the data which is stored in the main nodes and does not need to be identified in common can be backed up to a plurality of main nodes, and therefore when the data stored in one main node is damaged, the data backed up by other main nodes can be normally accessed.
Since the cost of performing heavy computing tasks on a chain is very expensive, the present invention allows users to delegate non-critical heavy computing tasks off a chain with built-in computing, validation support. In particular, the plurality of master nodes are further configured to provide an off-link data computing service isolated from the block-link master network. Wherein the plurality of master nodes may include: a compute node with a compute function and a verification node with a verification function. The computing node and the verification node may be randomly selected from a plurality of master nodes. In addition, the system can also add a computing node and/or a verification node according to actual needs. It should be noted that the compute nodes and the verify nodes may be mining nodes or non-mining nodes.
The compute node is to: executing the data calculation task under the chain to obtain a calculation result; the verification node is configured to: verifying the calculation result; and if the verification fails, sending the data calculation task under the link to the main network of the block link for on-link execution. The verification node is used for detecting errors in the calculation results submitted by the calculation nodes. And determining whether to punish the calculation nodes and/or the verification nodes according to the execution result on the chain, and charging certain guarantee money for the punished nodes so as to guarantee the reliability of the system. Compared with the method that each full node executes the calculation task, the method effectively reduces the data calculation amount and effectively utilizes the calculation capacity of the main node.
The system adopts a virtual machine independent architecture. Multiple virtual machines can be supported and new virtual machines can be added as necessary, etc. Currently, this system has a two-phase plan for system virtual machine (BVM) development: (1) ethereum Virtual Machines (EVMs) are the actual standard for intelligent contracts. Thus, the first version of the BVM is intended to be an operation code level compatible with the EVM, allowing existing EVM contracts to run on the BVM with little modification; (2) for further versions, the system plans to simulate EVM by dynamically redirecting EVM operation code to a subset of bytecode, can bring performance close to native code to system code execution, and support more programming languages.
In the long term, we believe that the cross-chain communication protocols will converge on one protocol, just as for IP and HTTP. The system will switch to this standard because of its ease of updating features. Currently, the system is designed to support two methods of cross-chain communication: (1) cross-chain transaction verification: the cross-chain transaction verification is realized through a light node verification method. The blockchain-compatible blockheader file can be stored on the primary node processing network with high reliability, so that the proof of the existence of the information and the proof of the message sequence can be easily generated. (2) Cross-chain token exchange: the exchange of evidence for cross-links will be accomplished using an atomic exchange mechanism. Tokens can be easily exchanged with the system.
The token holders of the system are network owners and managers that manage the network by delegating their rights to the block producer. The delegated block producer is given check authority to just propose hard fork changes for the underlying protocol or other administrative operation. As the holders in the system continuously vote, if a block producer refuses to make changes that the token holder desires, the block producer may drop off, thereby ensuring the token holder's influence.
In addition, most application systems in the prior art require the user to pay for the service. The system provided by the invention can provide more charging strategies for developers, and can provide free services for end users, thereby gaining wider adoption and application. The system also has a well-defined voting and updating mechanism for feature enhancement, error recovery. The system can facilitate further extended cross block chain communication.
According to the system based on the double-layer network provided by the embodiment, the resource isolation is carried out by utilizing the plurality of main nodes, so that the expandability is high, the data processing constraint is reduced, and the data throughput of the system is effectively improved. Specifically, the technical scheme effectively improves the storage performance of the system, fully utilizes the storage space of the main node, effectively reduces the data calculation amount, reduces the calculation cost and utilizes the calculation capacity of the main node. The technical solution solves the most fundamental and time consuming problem of decentralized application development, allowing developers to focus on application scenarios and customer needs. Based on the core function and standard interface of the system, developers can conveniently complete decentralized application development through hundreds of lines of codes. The system supports light nodes to delegate heavy tasks of computation/storage to the master node processing network, which reduces the computational requirements of the devices connected thereto. By means of the system, the Internet of things equipment can work under the condition that no centralized server exists. The system can ensure that no particular individual or entity has a centralized advantage at any stage in the game process, which greatly improves financial transparency, and the system will provide an ideal platform for decentralized game development.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual machine, or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with the teachings herein. The required structure for constructing such a system will be apparent from the description above. Moreover, the present invention is not directed to any particular programming language. It is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any descriptions of specific languages are provided above to disclose the best mode of the invention.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
The various component embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functionality of some or all of the components in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. The present invention may also be embodied as apparatus or device programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention may be stored on computer-readable media or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website or provided on a carrier signal or in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (7)
1. A decentralized computing system based on a double-layer network is composed of a plurality of light nodes, a plurality of full nodes and a plurality of main nodes, wherein a block chain main network is formed among the light nodes, the full nodes and the main nodes, and the main nodes form a main node processing network;
in the blockchain primary network, the plurality of light nodes are used to store user-specific data; the plurality of full nodes and the plurality of master nodes are used for storing a complete block chain based on a consensus mechanism;
in the master node processing network, the plurality of master nodes comprises: and the computing node with the computing function is used for executing the data computing task under the chain to obtain a computing result.
2. The two-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of master nodes further comprises: a verification node having a verification function;
the verification node is configured to: verifying the calculation result; and if the verification fails, sending the data calculation task under the link to the block link main network for on-link execution.
3. The dual-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of master nodes are nodes selected from the initial whole nodes of the blockchain master network and meeting a predetermined selection policy.
4. The two-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 3, wherein the preset selection policy comprises: the number of the owned coins exceeds a preset threshold value; and/or the hardware condition meets the preset hardware requirement; and/or the network connection state is always on-line.
5. The two-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of master nodes comprises: an ore excavation node having an ore excavation function and a non-ore excavation node not having an ore excavation function;
the excavation node is configured to: and packaging the data needing to be identified commonly into a new block, adding the new block into the block chain, and broadcasting the block chain added with the new block into the main network of the block chain.
6. The dual-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 5, wherein after the draw node acquires the equity, the equity is allocated to each master node in a preset proportion.
7. The dual-tier network-based decentralized computing system according to claim 5, wherein the ore mining nodes are created by election through an election mechanism.
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| CN109167784A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-08 | 篱笆墙网络科技有限公司 | Data processing method and system on block chain |
| CN109309671A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-02-05 | 爱立信(中国)通信有限公司 | A kind of communications device data management method and device based on block chain |
| CN111612453A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-09-01 | 北京趣块远扬科技有限公司 | Decentralized transaction method and device based on block chain and electronic equipment |
| CN111262921B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2022-11-11 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | Application request processing method, device, equipment and medium based on block chain network |
| CN113285799B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2023-04-07 | 江苏大学 | Election method based on block chain |
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