CN108347266B - Receiving device and receiving method for determining modulation coding mode based on channel capacity - Google Patents

Receiving device and receiving method for determining modulation coding mode based on channel capacity Download PDF

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CN108347266B
CN108347266B CN201710062932.2A CN201710062932A CN108347266B CN 108347266 B CN108347266 B CN 108347266B CN 201710062932 A CN201710062932 A CN 201710062932A CN 108347266 B CN108347266 B CN 108347266B
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channel capacity
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CN108347266A (en
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林专湖
张仲尧
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Realtek Semiconductor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation

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Abstract

A receiving device and receiving method based on channel capacity to determine modulation coding mode, the receiving device includes a channel estimation unit for generating a plurality of channel estimates according to a plurality of reference signals; a characteristic value calculating unit, coupled to the channel estimating unit, for generating at least one characteristic value corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of channel estimates; a channel compensation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit, for generating correlation correction values for compensating the plurality of channel estimates according to the at least one eigenvalue; a channel capacity calculation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit and the channel compensation unit, for generating a channel capacity according to the at least one eigenvalue and the correlation correction value; and a selecting unit, coupled to the channel capacity calculating unit, for determining a modulation and coding scheme according to the channel capacity.

Description

Receiving device and receiving method for determining modulation coding mode based on channel capacity
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for a communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for determining a modulation and coding scheme.
Background
In a wireless communication system, since a channel is time-varying, in order to improve throughput (throughput) of a ue, a receiving end selects a better Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) according to a channel condition and reports the selected MCS to a transmitting end. After receiving the modulation and coding scheme from the receiving end, the transmitting end may transmit data using the received modulation and coding scheme.
Generally, the receiver selects modulation and coding scheme using Exponential Effective signal-to-noise and interference ratio Mapping (EESM). However, the exponential effective SINR mapping is suitable for linear detectors, but is difficult to apply to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear detectors.
Therefore, how to select the modulation and coding scheme more accurately under the condition of using the nonlinear detector becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention provides a receiving apparatus and a receiving method, which can be applied to a receiving apparatus having a linear detector or a non-linear detector for determining a modulation and coding scheme, so as to solve the above problems.
The invention discloses a receiving device, which comprises a channel estimation unit, a channel estimation unit and a channel estimation unit, wherein the channel estimation unit is used for receiving a plurality of reference signals and generating a plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of reference signals; a eigenvalue calculation unit, coupled to the channel estimation unit, for generating at least one eigenvalue (eigenvalue) corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of channel estimates; a channel compensation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit, for generating correlation correction values for compensating the plurality of channel estimates according to the at least one eigenvalue; a channel capacity calculation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit and the channel compensation unit, for generating a channel capacity according to the at least one eigenvalue and the correlation correction value; and a selecting unit, coupled to the channel capacity calculating unit, for determining a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) according to the channel capacity.
The invention further discloses a receiving method for a receiving device, which comprises receiving a plurality of reference signals and generating a plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of reference signals; generating at least one eigenvalue (eigenvalue) corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates based on the plurality of channel estimates; generating a correlation correction value for compensating the plurality of channel estimates according to the at least one characteristic value; generating a channel capacity according to the at least one characteristic value and the correlation correction value; and determining a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) according to the channel capacity.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a channel quality number and bit efficiency mapping table according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The communication system 10 may be any communication system using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology (or DMT technology), and is briefly composed of a transmitting end TX and a receiving end RX. In fig. 1, a transmitting end TX and a receiving end RX are used to illustrate the architecture of the communication system 10. For example, the communication system 10 may be a wired communication system such as an Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) system, a Power Line Communication (PLC) system, an Ethernet Over Coax (EOC) system, or a wireless communication system such as a local area network (WLAN), a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, and a Long Term Evolution-advanced (LTE-advanced) system. In addition, the transmitting terminal TX and the receiving terminal RX may be disposed in a mobile phone, a notebook computer, etc., but not limited thereto
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving apparatus 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is used in the receiving end RX of fig. 1 to determine (e.g., select) a modulation and coding scheme. The receiving apparatus 20 comprises a channel estimation unit 200, a feature value calculation unit 210, a channel compensation unit 220, a channel capacity calculation unit 230, and a selection unit 240. In detail, after the receiving apparatus 20 receives the plurality of reference signals sig _ ref, the channel estimation unit 200 may generate a plurality of channel estimates ch _ est according to the plurality of reference signals sig _ ref (e.g., perform channel estimation). The plurality of reference signals sig _ ref may be pilot signals, preamble signals, etc., but are not limited thereto. The eigenvalue calculation unit 210 is coupled to the channel estimation unit 200 and configured to generate at least one eigenvalue (eigenvalue) eig _ ch corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates ch _ est according to the plurality of channel estimates ch _ est. The channel compensation unit 220 is coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit 210, and generates a correlation correction value corr _ comp for compensating the plurality of channel estimates ch _ est according to at least one eigenvalue _ ch. The channel capacity calculating unit 230 is coupled to the eigenvalue calculating unit 210 and the channel compensating unit 220, and generates a channel capacity cap _ est according to at least one eigenvalue _ ch and the correlation correction value corr _ comp. The selecting unit 240 is coupled to the channel capacity calculating unit 230, and can determine a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) MCS _ sel according to the channel capacity cap _ est.
That is, the channel varies with time, and the estimated channel estimates ch _ est may have high correlation due to multi-antenna correlation, for example. The channel capacity calculation unit 230 may use the correlation correction value corr _ comp when estimating the channel capacity cap _ est, so that the channel capacity cap _ est reflects a negative effect caused by the correlation. Therefore, the selection unit 240 can determine the modulation and coding scheme mcs _ sel suitable for the current channel condition according to the more correct channel capacity, so as to improve the throughput (throughput) of the receiving end RX. In addition, the receiver 20 can be applied to a linear detector (line detector) or a non-linear detector (non-linear detector), which solves the problem that an Exponential Effective signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) Mapping (EESM) can only be applied to a linear detector.
In one embodiment, the selection unit 240 may generate a Bit Efficiency (Bit Efficiency) according to the channel capacity cap _ est, and the selection unit 240 may determine the modulation and coding scheme according to the Bit Efficiency. Further, the selection unit 240 may determine the modulation and coding scheme according to the bit efficiency such that a block error rate (BLER) of the receiving apparatus 20 meets a predetermined BLER (e.g., 10%). In one embodiment, the eigenvalue calculation unit 210 may generate at least one eigenvalue _ ch corresponding to a plurality of channel estimates ch _ est according to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). That is, the eigenvalue calculation unit 210 calculates the at least one eigenvalue _ ch using singular value decomposition to reduce the complexity (i.e., power consumption) of calculating the at least one eigenvalue _ ch.
In one embodiment, the selection unit 240 further includes a layer processing unit 242 for dividing the channel capacities cap _ est to generate a plurality of channel capacities corresponding to a plurality of layers (layers). Further, the hierarchical processing unit 242 may divide the channel capacity cap _ est in the following manner: the channel capacity cap _ est is divided equally or divided according to a plurality of power levels of the plurality of levels. That is, when the TX uses mimo, data transmission is transmitted through multiple layers, i.e., data transmission is distributed to multiple streams (streams), and the streams may experience different channels. In this embodiment, the layer processing unit 242 calculates the channel capacities, and determines the corresponding modulation and coding scheme instead of the channel capacities (i.e., layers) to improve throughput. There are various methods for the hierarchical processing unit 242 to divide the channel capacity cap _ est. For example, the hierarchical processing units 242 may equally divide the channel capacity cap _ est, i.e., the channel capacity allocated to each hierarchy is the same. This simple allocation may reduce the complexity of the receiving device 30. In another embodiment, the hierarchical processing unit 242 may partition the channel capacity cap _ est according to a plurality of power levels of a plurality of hierarchies. This allocation may further improve throughput.
In one embodiment, the channel compensation unit 220 may generate a condition number (condition number) of the plurality of channels according to the at least one characteristic value eig _ ch, and the channel compensation unit 220 generates the correlation correction value corr _ comp according to the condition number. That is, the channel compensation unit 220 may obtain the correlation correction value corr _ comp by using the condition number.
The following embodiments are provided to illustrate how the eigenvalue calculation unit 210 determines at least one eigenvalue _ ch based on the channel estimates ch _ est. First, the eigenvalue calculation unit 210 calculates an mxm covariance matrix R of channelsiThe following were used:
Figure BDA0001218551200000051
wherein HkIs an M × N (estimated) channel matrix with subcarrier (subcarrier) number k, M is the number of antennas at the receiving end, N is the transmissionNumber of antennas at the end, ()HIs a conjugate transpose (conjugate transpose) operation. RB (radio B)iIs a metering unit, which may be a single subcarrier, or a Resource Block (RB) as specified by the lte system. Taking the case of the resource block as a metering unit as an example,
Figure BDA0001218551200000052
Figure BDA0001218551200000053
is the number of resource blocks of the Downlink (DL), and K is the number of subcarriers used in one metering unit. Then, the eigenvalue calculation unit 210 calculates a common variance matrix RiFor example, at least one eigenvalue eig _ ch may be obtained by singular value decomposition of equation 2:
Figure BDA0001218551200000061
wherein U isiIs an MxM unitary matrix (unity matrix), ViIs an MxM unitary matrix, SiIs a diagonal matrix of M by M, Si＝diag(λi，0，λi，1，…，λi，M-1)，λi，0≥λi，1≥…≥λi，M-1Wherein λ isi，mM is 0, 1, …, M-1 is a covariant matrix RiSingular values (i.e., eigenvalues).
The channel capacity calculation unit 230 calculates the channel capacity C using the eigenvalues according to the hierarchy for transmissioniThe method can be divided into two cases:
the first case is a Single layer (Single layer) transmission mode such as long term evolution (TM) 1, TM2, TM4Rank 1, and the channel capacity calculation unit 230 can calculate the channel capacity according to the characteristic value λi，0，λi，1，…，λi，M-1Calculating the channel capacity CiThe equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000062
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001218551200000063
is the energy of the noise. In this embodiment, the channel compensation unit 220 may be omitted or disabled.
The second case is multi-layer (Multiple layers): such as long term evolution (TM) 3, TM4Rank2, etc., the channel capacity calculating unit 230 may calculate the channel capacity according to the eigenvalue λi，D，λi，1，…，λi，M-1And correlation correction valueiCalculating the channel capacity CiThe equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000071
the correlation correction values are described in detail belowiThe manner of obtaining (a). The channel compensation unit 220 may first compensate the channel according to the eigenvalue λi，0，λi，1，…，λi，M-1Calculating a condition number kiThe following were used:
Figure BDA0001218551200000072
next, the channel compensation unit 220 compensates for the condition number kiCalculating correlation correction valuesiThe following were used:
Figure BDA0001218551200000073
among them, in one embodiment, the settable parameters are as follows: alpha is alphaL＝1,αM＝2,αH＝4,α＝32。
In the case of a single hierarchy, the selection unit 240 depends on the channel capacity CiOne modulation coding scheme is selected. In the multi-level case, the selection unit 240 may select modulation and coding schemes (same or different) according to channel conditions of each level.The following is an example of 2 levels, illustrating 2 embodiments of allocating channel capacity:
the first embodiment: the hierarchy processing unit 242 equally allocates channel capacity to 2 hierarchies. In this case, since the 2 levels have the same modulation and coding scheme, the receiving device only needs to report the modulation and coding schemes of the levels one by one. Hierarchical processing unit 242 may calculate the channel capacity as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000081
wherein C is0，iAnd C1，iThe channel capacities of the first and second levels, respectively.
Second embodiment: the layer processing unit 242 calculates the channel capacity of each of 2 layers. In this case, the receiving device needs to report the modulation and coding scheme of each layer. Taking long term evolution TM4Rank2 as an example, the channel matrix is expressed as
Figure BDA0001218551200000082
The layer processing unit 242 may then calculate the channel capacity by calculating the power level of each layer as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000083
if p is0，i≥p1，iThe hierarchical processing unit 242 may obtain the channel capacity as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000084
wherein
Figure BDA0001218551200000085
On the contrary, if p0，i＜p1，iThe hierarchical processing unit 242 may obtain the channel capacity as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000091
wherein
Figure BDA0001218551200000092
After obtaining the channel capacity according to the above, the selecting unit 240 may determine the modulation and coding scheme accordingly. The following embodiments are provided to illustrate how the selection unit 240 determines the modulation and coding scheme according to the channel capacity. The selecting unit 240 first calculates an average value of the channel capacities of each hierarchy as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000093
wherein l is the hierarchy number. Next, the selection unit 240 may use the transfer function fc() Will channel capacity ClConversion to bit efficiency C'l＝fc(a，Cl) Wherein f isc() A is a set of coefficients corresponding to a single level or multiple levels of the system block error rate (e.g., 10%) for the transfer function. Selection unit 240 can be C'lAnd a predetermined bit efficiency ynN is compared to 1, 2, …, 15 to select the channel quality number n corresponding to the bit efficiencylThe following were used:
nl＝minn＝0，…，15{C′l-yn|C′l≥yn} (formula 12)
Thus, the receiving device can transmit the channel quality number nlTo the transmitting end, so that the transmitting end can number n according to the channel qualitylTo obtain a better modulation and coding scheme.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a channel quality number and bit efficiency mapping table 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 3 illustrates the correspondence between different channel quality numbers, modulation and coding schemes, modulation, code rate, and bit efficiency. As described above, if the bit rate obtained by the conversion function of the channel capacity estimated by the receiver RX is 3.8, the receiver 20 can calculate the corresponding bit rate to be 3.3223 according to the mapping table 30,and feeding back the channel quality number "11" to the transmitting end TX to inform the transmitting end TX to use the modulation and coding scheme "21". In other words, the selection unit determines the modulation and coding scheme according to the bit efficiency, so that the bler of the receiving apparatus 20 can meet a predetermined bler requirement (e.g., 10%). Of course, the transfer function f is changed when the block error rate required by the system changesc() Corresponding changes are required. In other words, the transfer function fc() Depending on the bler requirements set.
It is noted that fc() Can be in various forms as long as the channel capacity C can be appropriately adjustedlConversion to bit efficiency C'lAnd (4) finishing. The following illustrates an example of determining a quadratic polynomial fc(a，x)＝a2x2+a1x+a0The method of (1).
1. Selecting a channel quality number j, and randomly generating a fading channel (fading channel) to perform system simulation of the block error rate.
2. C is obtained by calculating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) required for 10% of the block error rate and inputting this SNR into the calculation of the channel capacityj，n。
3. Repeating the steps 1 and 2 for N times, and calculating the average channel capacity of the N fading channels as follows:
Figure BDA0001218551200000111
4. repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3 until the average channel capacity X of all channel quality numbers is obtainedj，j＝1，2，…，15。
5. Definition of X ═ X1 X2 … X15]Vector matrix of average channel capacity numbered for channel quality, Y ═ Y1y2…y15]＝[0.1523 0.2344 … 5.5547]A bit efficiency vector matrix numbered for channel quality. In one embodiment, the polynomial f may be obtained using a least squares error (least square error)c(a，Cl) The following were used:
J(X，Y)＝min{|Y-fc(a，X)|2} (formula 14)
Wherein [ a ] is obtained roughly when used in a single-level case2 a1 a0]＝[0.014 0.7052 - 0.0609]And for multi-level cases, [ a ] can be obtained roughly2 a1 a0]＝[0.212 0.6407 0.0843]。
The operation of the receiving apparatus 20 can be summarized as a process 40 for receiving RX, as shown in fig. 4. The process 40 comprises the following steps:
step 400: and starting.
Step 402: a plurality of reference signals are received, and a plurality of channel estimates are generated according to the plurality of reference signals.
Step 404: at least one eigenvalue corresponding to the plurality of channels is generated according to the plurality of channel estimates.
Step 406: generating a correlation correction value for compensating the plurality of channels according to the at least one characteristic value.
Step 408: generating a channel capacity according to the at least one characteristic value and the correlation correction value.
Step 410: one modulation and coding scheme is determined according to the channel capacity.
Step 412: and (6) ending.
The process 40 is used to illustrate the operation manner of the apparatus 20, and the detailed description and the variations thereof can be referred to the above description, which is not repeated herein.
It should be noted that the implementation of the receiving apparatus 20 (and the channel estimation unit 200, the eigenvalue calculation unit 210, the channel compensation unit 220, the channel capacity calculation unit 230 and the selection unit 240 therein) can be varied. For example, the above units may be integrated into one or more units. Furthermore, the receiving device 20 can be implemented by hardware (for example, a circuit), software, firmware (for a combination of a hardware device and computer instructions and data, and the computer instructions and data belong to a read-only software on the hardware device), an electronic system, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
In summary, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for determining (e.g., selecting) a modulation and coding scheme, which can be applied to a linear detector or a non-linear detector, and can be used to determine a modulation and coding scheme suitable for the current channel condition according to the more correct channel capacity, thereby improving the system throughput.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
[ notation ] to show
20 receiving device
200 channel estimation unit
210 eigenvalue calculation unit
220 channel compensation unit
230 channel capacity calculation unit
240 selection unit
242 level processing unit
30 watch
40 flow path
400. 402, 404, 406, 408, step
410、412
sig _ ref reference signal
ch _ est channel
eig _ ch eigenvalue
corr _ comp correlation correction value
cap _ est channel capacity
mcs _ sel modulation coding mode
TX transmitting terminal
And RX receiving end.

Claims (10)

1. A receiving device, comprising:
a channel estimation unit for receiving a plurality of reference signals and generating a plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of reference signals;
a characteristic value calculating unit, coupled to the channel estimating unit, for generating at least one characteristic value corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of channel estimates;
a channel compensation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit, for generating correlation correction values for compensating the plurality of channel estimates according to the at least one eigenvalue;
a channel capacity calculation unit, coupled to the eigenvalue calculation unit and the channel compensation unit, for generating a channel capacity according to the at least one eigenvalue and the correlation correction value; and
the selection unit is coupled to the channel capacity calculation unit and used for determining a modulation coding mode according to the channel capacity.
2. The receiving device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selecting unit generates a bit efficiency according to the channel capacity, and the selecting unit determines the modulation coding scheme according to the bit efficiency.
3. The receiving device of claim 2, wherein the selection unit determines the modulation coding scheme based on the bit efficiency such that the bler of the receiving device meets a predetermined bler.
4. The receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the eigenvalue calculation unit generates the at least one eigenvalue corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates according to a singular value decomposition.
5. The receiving device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selecting unit further comprises:
the hierarchy processing unit is coupled to the channel capacity calculation unit and used for dividing the channel capacity to generate a plurality of channel capacities corresponding to a plurality of hierarchies.
6. The receiving device of claim 5, wherein the hierarchical processing unit divides the channel capacity in the following manner: the channel capacity is divided equally or divided according to a plurality of power levels of the plurality of levels.
7. The receiving device of claim 1, wherein the channel compensation unit generates a condition number for the plurality of channels according to the at least one characteristic value, and the channel compensation unit generates the correlation correction value according to the condition number.
8. A receiving method for a receiving device, comprising:
receiving a plurality of reference signals, and generating a plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of reference signals;
generating at least one eigenvalue corresponding to the plurality of channel estimates according to the plurality of channel estimates;
generating a correlation correction value for compensating the plurality of channel estimates according to the at least one characteristic value;
generating a channel capacity according to the at least one characteristic value and the correlation correction value; and
based on the channel capacity, a modulation and coding scheme is determined.
9. The receiving method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining the modulation and coding scheme comprises:
generating bit efficiencies based on the channel capacities, an
The modulation and coding scheme is determined according to the bit efficiency.
10. The receiving method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining the modulation and coding scheme comprises:
generating condition numbers for the plurality of channels based on the at least one characteristic value, an
The correlation correction value is generated based on the condition number.
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