CN108324267A

CN108324267A - Electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location

Info

Publication number: CN108324267A
Application number: CN201810159352.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 边俊杰; 邹文初; 邹旭辉
Original assignee: Henan Benevolent Medical Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Henan Benevolent Medical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-02-26
Filing date: 2018-02-26
Publication date: 2018-07-27

Abstract

Electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location, including synchronous acquisition and synchronous recording electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram, electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram use same timeline；Identify the heart sound feature in caardiophonogram, heart sound feature includes at least S1, S2 and cardiac cycle, with S1 moment t_S1, S2 moment t_S2Time shaft is marked with cardiac cycle；Identify that the ecg characteristics in electrocardiogram, ecg characteristics include at least R waves and T waves；Ecg characteristics and the identification of heart sound characteristic synchronization or ecg characteristics and heart sound feature identify in a designated order；Judge whether S1 occur after R waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Judge whether S2 occur after T waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Alternatively, judging between S1 S2 whether the phase corresponds to and T waves occur, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Judge between the next S1 of S2 whether the phase corresponds to and P waves and R waves occur, and P waves are before R waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm.The present invention has the advantages of matching relationship of ecg characteristics and heart sound feature capable of being utilized tentatively to identify heart body situation, being suitable for household heart monitoring.

Description

Electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of analysis methods of electrocardiogram caardiophonogram.

Background technology

In human heart, sinoatrial node automatically, generate electric current with having the rhythm and pace of moving things, electric current is transmitted to the heart by the sequence of conductive tissue Dirty each position, so as to cause the contraction and diastole of cardiac muscle cell.The excitement sent out by sinoatrial node is by certain approach and mistake Cheng Yici is transmitted to atrium and ventricle, causes the excitement of entire heart.Therefore, the electricity occurred in heart each section excited process becomes Direction, approach, order and the time of change have rule.This biology Electrical change is anti-by conductive resistance value around heart and body fluid Body surface is reflected, makes parts of body that regular Electrical change occur in each cardiac cycle.It is placed in limb with guiding motor The cardiac electric change curve that the appointed part of body or body records out becomes electrocardiogram.

Caardiophonogram shows heart sound and heart adventitious sound, noise figure.Form and frequency of the caardiophonogram to judgement heart murmur Composition has great role, more can determine that the time of heart sound and noise, clearly distinguishes the sequence that certain heart sound occur, differentiates week aroused in interest Interim coherent continuous murmur.There is tricuspid valve between atrium dextrum and right ventricle, there is bicuspid valve between atrium sinistrum and left ventricle, it is right There is pulmonary valve between ventricle and pulmonary artery, there is aorta petal between left ventricle and aorta.Atrium dextrum is excited, and tricuspid valve is beaten It opens, blood flow enters right ventricle, and tricuspid valve closure, right ventricle is excited, and blood flow inputs pulmonary artery.Blood after pulmonary circulation enters the left heart Room, bicuspid valve open blood and enter left ventricle, and mitral valve closure, left ventricle is excited, and blood flow inputs aorta.S1's results from two Cusp (T1) is related with the closure of tricuspid valve (M1), and the generation of S2 is that the closure of aorta petal (A2) and pulmonary valve (P2) is drawn It rises.

About heart sound and cardiac electrical combined monitoring research, there are more trial, but previous heart work(both at home and abroad Energy detector is only limitted to traditional cardiac auscultation digitlization, the clinical value of heart sound is underused, also not by heart sound The analysis for carrying out cardiac function is associated by physiologic relation with electrocardio.

And existing electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram still rest on the stage of manual reading of drawings, it is necessary to rely on the experience of doctor The information of electrocardiogram or caardiophonogram can be parsed, people need to carry out electrocardio or heart sound inspection to hospital, by professional couple The deciphering of caardiophonogram and electrocardiogram judges whether with heart disease or disease risk；Be unfavorable for that cardiac is in from I monitors.

The portable electrocardiograph occurred now can only monitor electrocardio, can not monitor heart sound, and electrocardiogram equipment only exports the heart Electrograph shape, without sending out whether heart abnormal prompt occurs, still to rely on professional could understand EGC pattern.

It is explained about the term of caardiophonogram and electrocardiogram in the application：

First heart sound S1,.M1 is first ingredient that can be heard in S1, T1 be in S1 second can hear at Point.Under normal circumstances, T1 closely follow M1, betide tricuspid valve be closed after.Interval only has between M1 and T1 under normal circumstances 0.02s。

The generation of second heart sound S2, S2 are that the closure of aorta petal (A2) and pulmonary valve (P2) causes, and A2 is the of S2 One constituent, P2 are second constituents of S2, and P2, which is typically only capable to portion's left part deep down, can just hear.

Third heart sound S3, after S3 results from S2, the probability occurred before 20 years old is 84.4%；Later generation in 25 years old is general Rate is 46.6%, S3 is rarely heard within 40 years old or more.

Fourth heart sound S4, S4 are betided before first heart sound

From the point of view of cardiac cycle, S1~S2 corresponds to the systole phase of heart, and the S1 in S2~next period corresponds to the diastole of heart Phase.

In electrocardiogram, a cardiac cycle includes P waves, QRS wave and T waves, and first heart sound S1 lags behind P waves, second heart sound Lag behind T waves, between RT the phase refer to that Q waves arrive moment to the phase between T wave finish times.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind capable of monitoring electrocardio, cardiechema signals simultaneously, and whether provide heart abnormal The electrocardiogram heart sound map analysis tentatively judged method.

A kind of analysis method of electrocardiogram caardiophonogram, includes the following steps：

Step 1：Synchronous acquisition and synchronous recording electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram, electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram are using at the same time Axis；

Step 2：Identify the ecg characteristics in electrocardiogram；And/or the heart sound feature of identification caardiophonogram；Ecg characteristics at least wrap R waves and T waves are included, heart sound feature includes at least S1 and S2；

Step 3：The correspondence for identifying ecg characteristics and heart sound feature ecg characteristics and heart sound feature, when ecg characteristics and When heart sound feature mismatches, output heart abnormality is reminded.

Identify that ecg characteristics and identification heart sound feature without precedence relationship, can first identify ecg characteristics, with electrocardio in step 2 Feature location caardiophonogram searches for heart sound feature in the time zone of ecg characteristics positioning；Can also first heart sound feature, with heart sound Feature location electrocardiogram searches for ecg characteristics in the time zone of heart sound feature location；Can also be that synchronous identification electrocardio is special It seeks peace heart sound feature, ecg characteristics and heart sound feature is mutually matched, judge between the time between ecg characteristics and heart sound feature Every whether meeting medicine rule, does not meet medicine rule and be then considered as heart abnormality.

The acquisition methods of ecg characteristics can be trained using support vector machines based on previous ECG data and obtained P The model of wave, R waves, T waves carries out the electrocardiogram obtained in real time the identification of ecg characteristics；Can also be to be gone out by ecg wave form Now P waves, R waves, T waves are identified with duration, can also be and P waves, R waves, T are identified by peak value of Electrocardiogram Feature etc. Wave.

Preferably, electrocardiogram uses II lead electrocardiogram, heart sound probe to be located at the areas T or the areas P.

It identifies ecg characteristics, cardiac cycle is determined with ecg characteristics

As a kind of preferred scheme of determining ecg characteristics：The determination method of ecg characteristics R waves is：

1), obtain user heart rate, calculate the average time t of each heartbeat, using t as cardiac cycle when It is long；

2), the EGC pattern that acquisition a period of time length is t in electrocardiogram is as current EGC pattern, to current electrocardio Figure samples, and obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, finds the maximum amplitude point of current EGC pattern, the maximum amplitude point conduct Current R waves, record the R wave moment.

As a preferred solution：The determination method of ecg characteristics T waves is：1), it is from intercepted length after current R wave direction The electrocardiogram of t samples current EGC pattern as current EGC pattern, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, and identification is worked as All wave crests in preceding EGC pattern, wave crest refer to that the amplitude is more than its front and back adjacent sampled point；

2) wave crest for, finding amplitude maximum, judges the time interval T of the wave crest and current R waves_R1Whether be less than the wave crest with The time interval T of current EGC pattern finish time_R2, if so, using the wave crest of the amplitude maximum as T waves, and when marking T waves It carves.

As a preferred option, ecg characteristics also include P waves, and the determination method of P waves is：Length is intercepted after current R wave direction Degree is the EGC pattern of t, and interception, as present analysis figure, samples present analysis figure, obtain from the figure after T waves The amplitude for taking each sampled point identifies that all wave crests in current EGC pattern, wave crest refer to that the amplitude is more than before and after it Adjacent sampled point；

The wave crest for finding amplitude maximum, judges the time interval T of the wave crest and current T waves_P1Whether it is more than the wave crest and works as The time interval T of preceding EGC pattern finish time_P2, if so, using the wave crest of the amplitude maximum as P waves, arrived with previous P waves The latter P waves are as a cardiac cycle.

Heart sound feature is identified, with heart sound feature location cardiac cycle

Step 2, the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram is identified：

Step 2.1, step obtain the heart rate of user, the average time t of each heartbeat are calculated, using t as the heart The duration in dynamic period；The figure of a length of t is as current heart sound figure when being intercepted since caardiophonogram starting point；

Step 2.2 samples current heart sound figure, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, judge in current caardiophonogram whether At least two independent waveforms can be divided into, independent waveform refers to continuously having between two figures that multiple sampled points, these adopt The amplitude of sampling point is vibrated in the range of only descending error to allow on a horizontal；If at least two independent waveforms can be divided into, divide The maximum amplitude sampled point of each independent waveform is not obtained, obtains maximum amplitude sampled point and the second amplitude sampled point；

Step 2.3, the position for judging current heart sound transducer, if heart sound transducer is located at apex or left border of sternum, Using the corresponding independent waveform of maximum amplitude sampled point as S1, maximum amplitude sampled point at the time of is t_S1, the sampling of the second amplitude The corresponding independent waveform of point is as S2；It, will be then corresponding solely by maximum amplitude sampled point if heart sound transducer is located at heart bottom Vertical wave shape is as S2, and for the corresponding independent waveform of the second amplitude sampled point as S1, the second amplitude sampled point at the time of is t_S1；

Step 2.4, acquisition S1 are as current S1, in caardiophonogram, a length of t when being intercepted backward from the starting point of current S1 Heart sound figure samples heart sound figure and obtains the amplitude of each sampled point；Intercept the caardiophonogram after the end point of current S1 For shape as present analysis figure, end point refers to continuously having multiple such sampled point, these sampled points after the sampled point Amplitude only descend on a horizontal error permission in the range of vibrate；The maximum amplitude sampled point in present analysis figure is found, Judge whether the maximum amplitude meets the amplitude of S2, if using the corresponding waveform of maximum amplitude sampled point as S2, the maximum As t at the time of amplitude sampled point_S2；If otherwise output current cardiac cycle lacks S2, heart abnormality；

Step 2.5, since the starting point of first S1, per t durations as a cardiac cycle.

Determining S1 and its moment t_S1, and determine S2 and its moment t_S2Afterwards, t is identified_S1And t_S2Between whether have extra-heart sounds And the method for the type of extra-heart sounds is as follows：

Step 1：For each cardiac cycle, in the middle interception t of caardiophonogram_S1And t_S2Between figure as current heart sound Figure samples current heart sound figure, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point；It is bright to judge whether each sampled point relative level axis has Aobvious vibration if so, output has systolic extra heart sound, and enters noise type and judges；If each sampled point relative level axis Vibration in allowed limits, then export the systole phase without noise；

Step 2：T in current cardiac cycle is obtained in caardiophonogram_S2To the figure conduct of current cardiac cycle finish time Current heart sound figure, samples current heart sound figure, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point；Judge each sampled point relative level axis Whether apparent vibration is had, if so, continuing to judge noise type；If the vibration of each sampled point relative level axis is in permission In range, then diastole is exported without noise.

Judge that the scheme of noise type is：T at the time of obtaining the maximum amplitude point of current heart sound figure and its occur_max, know Other t_maxIt is located at the position of current heart sound figure with maximum value, maximum value is contraction or early diastolic murmur, maximum when being located at front It is contraction or mid diastolic murmur when value is positioned at middle part, is contraction or late-diastolic murmue when maximum value is located at latter half of；Work as tool It is holosystolic murmur or full diastolic murmur when having multiple sampled points, the amplitude of these sampled points and close maximum amplitude.It adopts The amplitude of sampling point is with the close difference for referring to two amplitudes of maximum amplitude in given deviation range；Given deviation range It is obtained according to the past data statistics.

Identify that the scheme of third heart sound S3 is：If in caardiophonogram, when each cardiac cycle all has early diastolic murmur, then Judge whether these early diastolic murmur figures are independent pulse pattern successively, if so, comparing these early diastolic murmurs Figure feature whether having the same, if feature having the same, using the early diastolic murmur as S3；Early diastolic murmur The feature of figure includes at the time of the noise occurs and t_S2Between time interval △ t1, noise lasting duration and noise Maximum amplitude.

Identify the scheme of fourth heart sound：If in caardiophonogram, when each cardiac cycle all has late-diastolic murmue, then successively Judge whether these late-diastolic murmue figures are independent pulse pattern, if so, comparing these late-diastolic murmue figures Whether feature having the same, if feature having the same, using the late-diastolic murmue as S4；Late-diastolic murmue figure Feature include at the time of the noise occurs and t_S2Between time interval △ t2, the lasting duration and noise of noise maximum Amplitude.

Independent pulse pattern refers to the sampled point amplitude between S2 and current diastolic murmur figure only on a horizontal Lower error is vibrated in the range of allowing.

In this way, identifying cardiac cycle by the ecg wave form of electrocardiogram, the cardiac cycle of electrocardiogram is used on a timeline It corresponds to the cardiac electrical cycle of caardiophonogram, and then identifies the S1, S2, S3 in caardiophonogram, S4 and extra-heart sounds and noise.

The scheme of caardiophonogram is positioned with ecg characteristics

First identify that the ecg characteristics of electrocardiogram, the method that caardiophonogram is positioned with ecg characteristics are as follows：

Step 2：Identify the ecg characteristics in electrocardiogram, ecg characteristics include at least R waves, T waves and cardiac cycle, with R waves Moment, T wave moment and cardiac cycle mark time shaft；

Step 3：For caardiophonogram, proceeded as follows within each cardiac cycle：S1 is searched in the phase between R-T, in T waves S2 is searched between finish time cardiac cycle；If any one missing of S1, S2, then export heart abnormality alarm.

In step 3, the method for identifying ecg characteristics and the correspondence of heart sound feature is：

Step 3.1 identifies P waves, R waves and T waves in each cardiac cycle in electrocardiogram, or identification is each aroused in interest P waves in period, R waves, T waves, phase between PR, phase and ST sections between RT, at the time of label P crest values correspond to, when R crest values are corresponding At the time of quarter corresponds to T crest values；With the peak value that maximum value is R waves, and R crest values are significantly greater than P waves, T crest values, R wavefront Wave crest or trough as Q waves, the trough after R waves is as S waves, and P waves are before Q waves, and T waves are after S waves, next week aroused in interest Before the P waves of phase；

Step 3.2, in each cardiac cycle, using the figure of phase between the RT of caardiophonogram as D1 figures, D1 figures are adopted Sample obtains each crest value, using maximum crest value as S1 intensity, and records its moment as t_S1；Judge whether there is other wave crests Value is close with maximum crest value, if so, obtaining the quantity with wave crest similar in maximum crest value；If it is not, then output time t_S1 With S1 intensity；Other crest values amplitude for referring to that two crest values differ close with maximum crest value meets M1 and T1 differences Amplitude；

Figure at the time of the T crest values of caardiophonogram are to this end cycle aroused in interest carries out D2 figures as D2 figures Sampling, obtains each crest value, using maximum crest value as S2 intensity, and records its moment as t_S2；Judge whether there is other waves Peak value is close with maximum crest value, if so, obtaining the quantity with wave crest similar in maximum crest value；If it is not, then output time t_S2With S2 intensity；Other crest values amplitude for referring to that two crest values differ close with maximum crest value meets A2 and P2 and differs Amplitude；

If existing simultaneously S1, S2 within each cardiac cycle, in caardiophonogram, then it is assumed that electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram are normally right It answers；If within any one cardiac cycle, caardiophonogram only has S1 or only S2, then exports heart sound abnormity prompt.

Further, within the same cardiac cycle, the time difference with S1 in caardiophonogram of R waves in electrocardiogram is obtained, is judged Whether the R-S1 time differences meet medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports phono It is abnormal.

Further, within the same cardiac cycle, the time difference of T waves and S2 in caardiophonogram in electrocardiogram is obtained, judges T- Whether the S2 time differences meet medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, it is different to export phono Often.

With the scheme of heart sound feature location electrocardiogram

First identify that the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram, the method that electrocardiogram is positioned with the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram are as follows：

Step 2：Identify the heart sound feature in caardiophonogram, heart sound feature includes at least S1, S2 and cardiac cycle, with the S1 moment t_S1, S2 moment t_S2Time shaft is marked with cardiac cycle；

Step 3：For electrocardiogram, proceeded as follows within each cardiac cycle：Electrocardio T is found in the phase between S1-S2 Wave finds ecg-r wave and P waves in S2 to phase between finish time cardiac cycle；If T waves, R waves, any one feature of P waves are scarce It loses, then exports heart abnormality alarm.

The cardiac electrical cycle identification ecg characteristics determined with caardiophonogram in step 3 comprise the steps of：

Step 3.1 marks time shaft, the cardiac cycle of electrocardiogram and the week aroused in interest of caardiophonogram with the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram Phase label is consistent；

Step 3.2 uses t_S1And t_S2Time shaft is marked, is proceeded as follows within each cardiac cycle：Obtain electrocardiogram t_S1To t_S2Figure samples current EGC pattern, obtains the institute of current EGC pattern as current EGC pattern in time interval There are wave crest and its a moment, wave crest refers to that the amplitude of the sampled point is more than the amplitude of sampled point adjacent thereto, and the sampled point Amplitude is more than the error range allowed；

When the quantity of wave crest is more than 1, then heart abnormality prompting is exported；When such as atrial fibrillation, cardiac electrical QRS complex missing, is in P Wave and T wave consecutive intervals, then in the corresponding time zones of S1 and S2, multiple wave crests will occur in electrocardiogram.

When the quantity of wave crest is equal to 1, the amplitude A of the wave crest is obtained_T, using current wave crest as the peak value moment of T waves；With S2, as current EGC pattern, samples current EGC pattern to the EGC pattern between current cardiac cycle end point, obtains All wave crests of current EGC pattern and its moment, between judging whether the time interval of maximum wave crest and S1 meet the R wave-S1 times Every rule, if so, using maximum wave crest as R waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality prompting.

As a preferred option, within the same cardiac cycle, the time with S1 in caardiophonogram of R waves in electrocardiogram is obtained Difference, judges whether the R-S1 time differences meet medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports the heart Electric heart sound is abnormal.

As a preferred option, within the same cardiac cycle, the time of T waves and S2 in caardiophonogram in electrocardiogram is obtained Difference, judges whether the T-S2 time differences meet medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports the heart Electric heart sound is abnormal.

With T waves and on the basis of R waves, search P wave schemes are as follows：

The ecg wave form with the phase between the T-R of T waves to R waves is obtained as present analysis figure, judge between PR in the phase whether With P waves, P waves meet the following conditions：The starting point of P waves is close or the starting point of phase overlaps between PR, and P waves have significantly Wave crest；If having P waves, starting sample point and its moment of P waves are marked；Starting point refers to the sampled point and the sampled point The amplitude of multiple sampled points before is within the scope of allowable error；If without P waves, P waves missing is exported.

When with P waves, P waves starting sample point is obtained to the time interval of R waves, judges whether the phase between normal PR, or It is PR interval prolongations or PR interval reductions.

Synchronous identification ecg characteristics and heart sound feature, the scheme that ecg characteristics and heart sound feature are mutually located

The method that phono is mutually located analysis electrocardiogram caardiophonogram, includes the following steps：

Step 2：Identify the heart sound feature in caardiophonogram, heart sound feature includes at least S1, S2 and cardiac cycle, with the S1 moment t_S1, S2 moment t_S2Time shaft is marked with cardiac cycle；Identify electrocardiogram in ecg characteristics, ecg characteristics include at least R waves and T waves；Ecg characteristics and the identification of heart sound characteristic synchronization or ecg characteristics and heart sound feature identify in a designated order；

Step 3：Judge whether S1 occur after R waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Judge whether go out after T waves Existing S2, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Alternatively, judging between S1-S2 whether the phase corresponds to and T waves occur, if it is not, then exporting the heart Dirty abnormal alarm；Judge between the next S1 of S2- whether the phase corresponds to and P waves and R waves occur, and P waves are before R waves, if it is not, then exporting Heart abnormality is alarmed.

As a preferred option, within the same cardiac cycle, the time of R waves and S1 in caardiophonogram in electrocardiogram is obtained Difference, judges whether the R-S1 time differences meet medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports the heart Electric heart sound is abnormal.

It first identifies ecg characteristics, heart sound feature is positioned with ecg characteristics；When ecg characteristics None- identified, the Direct Recognition heart The scheme of sound feature

A kind of analysis method of caardiophonogram electrocardiogram, includes the following steps：

Step 2：Judge whether to identify the P waves in electrocardiogram, R waves and T waves；

Step 3：If P wave R waves and the T waves in electrocardiogram can be identified, phase corresponding heart sound figure between RT is intercepted, as first Waveform S1 to be screened, phase corresponding heart sound figure is as the second waveform S2 to be screened between intercepting TP；S1 is identified from S1, from S2 Identify S2；If no pulse waveform in S1, then it is assumed that S1 is lacked, heart abnormality, if no pulse waveform in S2, then it is assumed that S2 is lacked, Heart abnormality；

Step 4：If the P waves in electrocardiogram in None- identified electrocardiogram, R waves and T waves, then S1 waveforms are identified from caardiophonogram With S2 waveforms, judge whether S1 and S2 is spaced apart in caardiophonogram, if so, extracting each S1 waveforms and each S2 waveforms；If It is no, then export heart abnormality.

The advantage of the invention is that：

1, synchronous acquisition electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram, by by the cardiac cycle of the cardiac cycle of electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram Match, realizes the tentative diagnosis to heart condition using the correspondence of phono, reduce the dependence to professional, realize Automatic identification heart abnormality is simultaneously alarmed, and household monitoring of cardiac state is suitable for.

2, the S1 for finding caardiophonogram is positioned using the R waves of electrocardiogram, the T waves of electrocardiogram correspond to the S2 for finding caardiophonogram, with Electrocardio corresponds to heart sound, identifies heart abnormality situation.

3, with S1 the and S2 positioning times of caardiophonogram, the QRS complex of electrocardiogram is searched for the S1 corresponding times, with S2 pairs The time answered searches for T waves, corresponds to electrocardio with heart sound, identifies heart abnormality situation.

4, synchronous identification ecg characteristics and heart sound feature, are matched with ecg characteristics and heart sound feature, and automatic identification The normal or abnormal situation of electrocardiogram, caardiophonogram.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the collection of illustrative plates of normal electrocardio and normal cardiac sound.

Fig. 2 is the collection of illustrative plates of the cantering rhythm of PR interval prolongations.

Fig. 3 is the collection of illustrative plates of anginal presystolic gallop.

Fig. 4 is the collection of illustrative plates of pericardiac friction sound.

Fig. 5 is the collection of illustrative plates for the ejection murmur that blood flow velocity is speeded.

Fig. 6 is the collection of illustrative plates of late systolic murmur.

Fig. 7 is the collection of illustrative plates of diastolic filling.

Fig. 8 is the collection of illustrative plates of musical murmur.

Fig. 9 is the collection of illustrative plates of the diastole middle and advanced stage noise of mitral stenosis.

Figure 10 is that mitral stenosis, diastole early stage have the collection of illustrative plates of Opening Snap.

Specific implementation mode

The principle of the present invention is：The electric signal that sinoatrial node is sent out is transmitted to atrium dextrum, atrium sinistrum, and atrium excitement shows as the heart The P waves of electrograph, the neuromuscular juinction of atrium dextrum to atrioventricular node, atrioventricular node is by neuromuscular juinction to left ventricle, right ventricle, ventricle excitement table It is now the QRS complex of electrocardiogram, ventricular bipolar shows as the T waves of electrocardiogram.Ventricular repolarisation waits for sinoatrial node next time excited. Within the same cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram should have P waves, QRS complex and T waves.

The generation of S1 is related with the closure of bicuspid valve (T1) and tricuspid valve (M1), and the generation of S2 is aorta petal (A2) and lung The closure of arterial valve (P2) causes.Within a cardiac cycle, caardiophonogram should have S1 and S2.When electrocardiogram cardiac cycle with It is then likely to heart state when the cardiac electrical cycle of caardiophonogram is not to corresponding to and exception occurs.

It is flowed to according to heart blood, there is tricuspid valve between atrium dextrum and right ventricle, there is two points between atrium sinistrum and left ventricle Valve has pulmonary valve, there is aorta petal between left ventricle and aorta between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.Atrium dextrum is excited, tricuspid Valve is opened, and blood flow enters right ventricle, and tricuspid valve closure, right ventricle is excited, and blood flow inputs pulmonary artery.Blood after pulmonary circulation enters Atrium sinistrum, bicuspid valve open blood and enter left ventricle, and mitral valve closure, left ventricle is excited, and blood flow inputs aorta.Ventricle is excited Necessarily accompany with tricuspid valve, mitral closure；Ventricular repolarisation is also necessarily with the closure phase of pulmonary valve and aorta petal It is adjoint.Therefore, there is the S1 of cardiac electrical QRS complex and heart sound medicine correspondence, the S2 of cardiac electrical T waves and heart sound to have medicine Correspondence.When cardiac electrical QRS wave and S1 be not corresponding or T waves and S2 not to it is corresponding when be then likely to heart state occur it is abnormal. Heart is occurred abnormal being to alarm, supervisor is reminded to be checked comprehensively to professional institution.

The wave crest for finding amplitude maximum, judges the time interval T of the wave crest and current T waves_P1Whether it is more than the wave crest and works as The time interval T of preceding EGC pattern finish time_P2, if so, using the wave crest of the amplitude maximum as P waves, arrived with previous P waves The latter P waves are as a cardiac cycle.Heart sound feature is identified, with heart sound feature location cardiac cycle

Step 2, the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram is identified：

In this way, identifying cardiac cycle by the ecg wave form of electrocardiogram, the cardiac cycle of electrocardiogram is used on a timeline It corresponds to the cardiac electrical cycle of caardiophonogram, and then identifies the S1, S2, S3 in caardiophonogram, S4 and extra-heart sounds and noise.With electrocardio The scheme of feature location caardiophonogram

In the electrocardiogram of normal heart as shown in Figure 1, a cardiac cycle includes P waves, QRS wave and T waves.Normal heart Caardiophonogram in, include S1 and S2 in a cardiac cycle, S1 there are two wave crest, be respectively M1 and T1, S2 there are two wave crest, point It Wei not P2 and A2.The time that S1 occurs, the time that S2 occurs was between TP in the phase between RT in the phase.

The cantering rhythm collection of illustrative plates of PR interval prolongations as shown in Figure 2, the time that S1 occurs is between RT in the phase, but S1 has multiple waves Peak, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and there is S4 waveforms, S4 to connect together with S1 before S1, pass through electrocardio Heart sound compares, and can recognize that heart abnormality.

Anginal presystolic gallop collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 3, the time that S1 occurs between RT in the phase, but S1 have it is more A wave crest, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and there is S4 waveforms S4 and S1 to connect together before S1.S2 occurs The phase between TP, but S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S2.It is compared by phono, energy Enough identify heart abnormality.

The collection of illustrative plates of pericardiac friction sound as shown in Figure 4, phase between RT time that S1 occurs, but S1 has multiple wave crests, and hold Continuous duration is more than the duration of normal S1；S2 appears in the phase between TP, but S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than just The duration of normal S2.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

The ejection murmur collection of illustrative plates that blood flow velocity as shown in Figure 5 is speeded, the time that S1 occurs is between RT in the phase, but S1 has Multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and there is S4 waveforms S4 and S1 to connect together before S1.S2 goes out Phase between present TP, but S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S2.It is compared by phono, It can recognize that heart abnormality.

Late systolic murmur collection of illustrative plates as shown in FIG. 6, t₁₂And t₂₁Interval duration do not met with heart rule, Neng Goushi Heart abnormality is not gone out.

Diastolic filling collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 7, electrocardiogram has QRS complex and T waves, but the collection of illustrative plates of electrocardiogram has Many maximum and minimum, electrocardiographic abnormality.Phase between RT time that S1 occurs, but S1 has multiple wave crests, and it is lasting when Length is more than the duration of normal S1, has S4 waveforms, S1 to have multiple wave crests, and lasting duration holding more than normal S1 before and after S1 Continuous duration；The apparent S2 of None- identified.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Musical murmur collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 8, between RT the phase without apparent S1, between TP the phase without apparent S2, pass through phono ratio It is right, it can recognize that heart abnormality.

The diastole middle and advanced stage noise collection of illustrative plates of mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 9, phase between RT time that S1 occurs, but S1 There are multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1；S2 appears in the phase between TP, but S2 has multiple wave crests, and Lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S2.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

There is the collection of illustrative plates of Opening Snap in mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 10, diastole early stage, and None- identified removes P in electrocardiogram Wave, QRS wave and T waves, can recognize that heart abnormality.

With the scheme of heart sound feature location electrocardiogram

Include S1 in the caardiophonogram of normal heart, in a cardiac cycle in the electrocardiogram of normal heart as shown in Figure 1 And S2, S1, there are two wave crest, respectively M1 and T1, there are two wave crest, respectively P2 and A2 by S2.One cardiac cycle include P waves, QRS wave and T waves.S1 is corresponding with QRS complex, and S2 is corresponding with T waves.

The cantering rhythm collection of illustrative plates of PR interval prolongations as shown in Figure 2, S1 are corresponding with QRS complex, and S2 is corresponding with T waves.But between PR The duration of phase is less than phase duration between normal PR, and S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and There are S4 waveforms, S4 to connect together with S1 before S1, is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Anginal presystolic gallop collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 3, S1 are corresponding with QRS complex, and the corresponding T waves of S2 are different Often.S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and has S4 waveforms S4 and S1 to be connected in one before S1 It rises.S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S2.It is compared, be can recognize that by phono Heart abnormality.

The collection of illustrative plates of pericardiac friction sound as shown in Figure 4, S1 are corresponding with QRS complex, and S2 is corresponding with T waves.But S1 has multiple waves Peak, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1；S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration continues more than normal S2 Duration.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

The ejection murmur collection of illustrative plates that blood flow velocity as shown in Figure 5 is speeded, S1 are corresponding with QRS complex, and S2 is corresponding with T waves, But S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, and has S4 waveforms S4 and S1 to be connected in one before S1 It rises.S2 appears in the phase between TP, but S2 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S2.Pass through the electrocardio heart Signal to noise ratio pair can recognize that heart abnormality.

Diastolic filling collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 7, S1 has corresponding QRS complex, but S1 has multiple wave crests, and holds Continuous duration is more than the duration of normal S1, has S4 waveforms before and after S1, S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than normally The duration of S1；The apparent S2 of None- identified.Electrocardiogram has QRS complex and T waves, but there are many maximum for the collection of illustrative plates of electrocardiogram And minimum, electrocardiographic abnormality.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Musical murmur collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 8 is compared by phono without apparent S2 without apparent S1, be can recognize that Heart abnormality.

The diastole middle and advanced stage noise collection of illustrative plates of mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 9, S1 are corresponding with QRS complex, and S2 is corresponding with T Wave, but S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, has S4 waveforms, S1 to have multiple waves before S1 Peak, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1；The time that S2 terminates is more than that P waves go out current moment, is advised with normal heart Rule is not inconsistent.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

There is the collection of illustrative plates of Opening Snap in mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 10, diastole early stage, S1 without corresponding QRS wave, S2 without Corresponding T waves, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Include S1 in the caardiophonogram of normal heart, in a cardiac cycle in the electrocardiogram of normal heart as shown in Figure 1 And S2, S1, there are two wave crest, respectively M1 and T1, there are two wave crest, respectively P2 and A2 by S2.One cardiac cycle include P waves, QRS wave and T waves.The phase corresponds to the phase between RT between S1-S2.

The cantering rhythm collection of illustrative plates of PR interval prolongations as shown in Figure 2, between S1-S2 the phase correspond to the phase between RT.But the duration of phase between PR Less than phase duration between normal PR, and S1 has multiple wave crests, lasting duration to be more than the duration of normal S1, have S4 waves before S1 Shape, S4 connect together with S1, are compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Anginal presystolic gallop collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 3, between S1-S2 the phase correspond to the phase between RT.But the phase between PR Duration is less than phase duration between normal PR, and S1 has multiple wave crests, lasting duration to be more than the duration of normal S1, have before S1 S4 waveforms, S4 connect together with S1.S2 has multiple wave crests, duration to be more than the duration of normal S2.Pass through phono It compares, can recognize that heart abnormality.

The collection of illustrative plates of pericardiac friction sound as shown in Figure 4, between S1-S2 the phase correspond to the phase between RT.But S1 has multiple wave crests, lasting Duration is more than the duration of normal S1；S2 has multiple wave crests, duration to be more than the duration of normal S2.Pass through the electrocardio heart Signal to noise ratio pair can recognize that heart abnormality.

The ejection murmur collection of illustrative plates that blood flow velocity as shown in Figure 5 is speeded, between S1-S2 the phase correspond to the phase between RT.But S1 has more A wave crest, lasting duration are more than the duration of normal S1；S2 has multiple wave crests, duration more than normal S2 it is lasting when It is long.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality

Late systolic murmur collection of illustrative plates as shown in FIG. 6, between S1-S2 the phase correspond to the phase between RT.But the t of S1₁₂With the t of S2₂₁Between It is not met every duration and heart rule, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Diastolic filling collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 7, the phase corresponds to the phase between RT between S1-S2, but S1 has multiple wave crests, and Lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, has S4 waveforms before and after S1, S1 has multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than just The duration of normal S1；The apparent S2 of None- identified.Electrocardiogram has QRS complex and T waves, but there are many greatly for the collection of illustrative plates of electrocardiogram Value and minimum, electrocardiographic abnormality.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Musical murmur collection of illustrative plates as shown in Figure 8, without apparent S1, without apparent S2, caardiophonogram None- identified goes out apparent aroused in interest Period is compared by phono, can recognize that heart abnormality.

The diastole middle and advanced stage noise collection of illustrative plates of mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 9, the phase corresponds to the phase between RT between S1-S2, but S1 has Multiple wave crests, and lasting duration is more than the duration of normal S1, has S4 waveforms before S1, S2 has multiple wave crests, and S2 is tied The time of beam is more than that P waves go out current moment, is not inconsistent with normal heart rule.It is compared by phono, can recognize that heart is different Often.

There is the collection of illustrative plates of Opening Snap in mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 10, diastole early stage, and electrocardiogram None- identified is apparent Cardiac cycle it can recognize that heart abnormality.

There is the collection of illustrative plates of Opening Snap in mitral stenosis as shown in Figure 10, diastole early stage, and electrocardiogram None- identified is apparent Cardiac cycle, caardiophonogram have S1 and S2, S1 to have noise, can recognize that heart abnormality.

Under normal conditions, electrocardiogram can recognize that cardiac cycle, but also will appear electrocardiogram None- identified P waves, QRS wave The case where with T waves, it may be possible to because heart disease causes electrocardiosignal unclear, it is also possible to because electrocardio measurement terminal is not Well contacted with human body, therefore, when electrocardiogram None- identified cardiac cycle, using also can caardiophonogram identify heart condition, Reduce cape horn fever varying signal rate.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art Member, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make several improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as In the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location, includes the following steps：

Step 1：Synchronous acquisition and synchronous recording electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram, electrocardiogram and caardiophonogram use same timeline；

Step 2：Identify the heart sound feature in caardiophonogram, heart sound feature includes at least S1, S2 and cardiac cycle, with S1 moment t_S1、 S2 moment t_S2Time shaft is marked with cardiac cycle；Identify that the ecg characteristics in electrocardiogram, ecg characteristics include at least R waves and T waves； Ecg characteristics and the identification of heart sound characteristic synchronization or ecg characteristics and heart sound feature identify in a designated order；

Step 3：Judge whether S1 occur after R waves, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Judge whether occur after T waves S2, if it is not, then exporting heart abnormality alarm；Alternatively, judging between S1-S2 whether the phase corresponds to and T waves occur, if it is not, then exporting heart Abnormal alarm；Judge between the next S1 of S2- whether the phase corresponds to and P waves and R waves occur, and P waves are before R waves, if it is not, then exporting the heart Dirty abnormal alarm.

2. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as described in claim 1, special Sign is：The determination method of ecg characteristics R waves is：

1) heart rate for, obtaining user, calculates the average time t of each heartbeat, using t as the duration of cardiac cycle；

2), the EGC pattern that acquisition a period of time length is t in electrocardiogram is as current EGC pattern, to current EGC pattern Sampling, and the amplitude of each sampled point is obtained, the maximum amplitude point of current EGC pattern is found, the maximum amplitude point is as current R waves, when recording R waves；

The determination method of ecg characteristics T waves is：1), from the electrocardiogram that intercepted length after current R wave direction is t as current electrocardiogram Shape samples current EGC pattern, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, identifies all wave crests in current EGC pattern, Wave crest refers to that the amplitude is more than its front and back adjacent sampled point；

2) wave crest for, finding amplitude maximum, judges the time interval T of the wave crest and current R waves_R1Whether be less than the wave crest with it is current The time interval T of EGC pattern finish time_R2, if so, using the wave crest of the amplitude maximum as T waves, and mark the T wave moment.

Ecg characteristics also include P waves, and the determination method of P waves is：From the EGC pattern that intercepted length after current R wave direction is t, interception From the figure after T waves as present analysis figure, present analysis figure is sampled, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, Identify that all wave crests in current EGC pattern, wave crest refer to that the amplitude is more than its front and back adjacent sampled point；

The wave crest for finding amplitude maximum, judges the time interval T of the wave crest and current T waves_P1Whether it is more than the wave crest and works as front center The time interval T of electrograph shape finish time_P2, if so, using the wave crest of the amplitude maximum as P waves, with previous P waves to latter A P waves are as a cardiac cycle.

3. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as described in claim 1, special Sign is：Step 2, the cardiac cycle of caardiophonogram is identified：

Step 2.1, step obtain the heart rate of user, the average time t of each heartbeat are calculated, using t as week aroused in interest The duration of phase；The figure of a length of t is as current heart sound figure when being intercepted since caardiophonogram starting point；

Step 2.2 samples current heart sound figure, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point, judges whether can divide in current caardiophonogram It is cut at least two independent waveforms；If at least two independent waveforms can be divided into, the maximum of each independent waveform is obtained respectively Amplitude sampled point obtains maximum amplitude sampled point and the second amplitude sampled point；

Step 2.3, the position for judging current heart sound transducer will most if heart sound transducer is located at apex or left border of sternum For the corresponding independent waveform of amplitude sampled point as S1, maximum amplitude sampled point at the time of is t_S1, the second amplitude sampled point pair The independent waveform answered is as S2；It, will be then by the corresponding individual waves of maximum amplitude sampled point if heart sound transducer is located at heart bottom Shape is as S2, and for the corresponding independent waveform of the second amplitude sampled point as S1, the second amplitude sampled point at the time of is t_S1；

Step 2.4, acquisition S1 are as current S1, in caardiophonogram, the heart sound of a length of t when being intercepted backward from the starting point of current S1 Figure samples heart sound figure and obtains the amplitude of each sampled point；Intercept the heart sound figure work after the end point of current S1 For present analysis figure；The maximum amplitude sampled point in present analysis figure is found, judges whether the maximum amplitude meets S2's Amplitude, if using the corresponding waveform of maximum amplitude sampled point as S2, as t at the time of the maximum amplitude sampled point_S2；If not Then export current cardiac cycle missing S2, heart abnormality；

4. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is：Within the same cardiac cycle, the time difference with S1 in caardiophonogram of R waves in electrocardiogram is obtained, judges the R-S1 times Whether difference meets medicine rule, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports phono exception.

5. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is：Within the same cardiac cycle, the time difference of T waves and S2 in caardiophonogram in electrocardiogram is obtained, judges the T-S2 time differences Whether medicine rule is met, if meeting, then it is assumed that phono corresponds to, if not meeting, exports phono exception.

6. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as described in claim 1, special Sign is：Determining S1 and its moment t_S1, and determine S2 and its moment t_S2Afterwards, t is identified_S1And t_S2Between whether have extra-heart sounds And the method for the type of extra-heart sounds is as follows：

Step 1：For each cardiac cycle, in the middle interception t of caardiophonogram_S1And t_S2Between figure as current heart sound figure, Current heart sound figure is sampled, the amplitude of each sampled point is obtained；Judge whether each sampled point relative level axis has obviously to shake It is dynamic, if so, output has systolic extra heart sound, and enters noise type and judge；If each sampled point relative level axis shakes It moves in allowed limits, then exports the systole phase without noise；

Step 2：T in current cardiac cycle is obtained in caardiophonogram_S2Figure to current cardiac cycle finish time is used as currently Heart sound figure samples current heart sound figure, obtains the amplitude of each sampled point；Whether judge each sampled point relative level axis There is apparent vibration, if so, continuing to judge noise type；If the vibration of each sampled point relative level axis is in the range of permission It is interior, then diastole is exported without noise.

7. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as described in claim 1, special Sign is：Judge that the scheme of noise type is：T at the time of obtaining the maximum amplitude point of current heart sound figure and its occur_max, know Other t_maxIt is located at the position of current heart sound figure with maximum value, maximum value is contraction or early diastolic murmur, maximum when being located at front It is contraction or mid diastolic murmur when value is positioned at middle part, is contraction or late-diastolic murmue when maximum value is located at latter half of；Work as tool It is holosystolic murmur or full diastolic murmur when having multiple sampled points, the amplitude of these sampled points and close maximum amplitude.

8. the electrocardiogram heart sound figure analysis method based on ecg characteristics and heart sound feature location as described in claim 1, special Sign is：Identify that the scheme of third heart sound S3 is：If in caardiophonogram, when each cardiac cycle all has early diastolic murmur, then Judge whether these early diastolic murmur figures are independent pulse pattern successively, if so, comparing these early diastolic murmurs Figure feature whether having the same, if feature having the same, using the early diastolic murmur as S3；Early diastolic murmur The feature of figure includes at the time of the noise occurs and t_S2Between time interval △ t1, noise lasting duration and noise Maximum amplitude；

Identify the scheme of fourth heart sound：If in caardiophonogram, when each cardiac cycle all has late-diastolic murmue, then judging successively Whether these late-diastolic murmue figures are independent pulse pattern, if so, whether comparing these late-diastolic murmue figures Feature having the same, if feature having the same, using the late-diastolic murmue as S4；The spy of late-diastolic murmue figure Sign includes at the time of the noise occurs and t_S2Between time interval △ t2, the lasting duration and noise of noise maximum amplitude.