CN108306288A - A kind of microgrid community distributed energy distribution method based on Demand Side Response - Google Patents
A kind of microgrid community distributed energy distribution method based on Demand Side Response Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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Abstract
The microgrid community distributed energy distribution method based on Demand Side Response that the present invention relates to a kind of.Include the following steps：(1) it establishes distributed optimization algorithm (3) of the Operator Optimized models (2) based on Demand Side Response and introduces a peak-to-average force ratio PAR to adjust load side to meet bulk power grid requirement.The Demand Side Response technology uses distributed AC servo system strategy, each microgrid concurrent operation, the effective leakage for avoiding privacy information, and be not in Single Point of Faliure problem, and it can coordinate to control the workload demand of entire microgrid community by the setting of PAR, by population intelligent optimization algorithm, it ensure that the operating cost of microgrid is optimal, reduce the electric cost of user.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed energy distribution method based on Demand Side Response technology in the microgrid building of communities,
Especially for the microgrid community system containing a large amount of single microgrids, optimize the workload demand of entire microgrid community to meet access bulk power grid
Requirement, abandoning tradition central controller mode, using distributed control method improve microgrid community system stability and warp
Ji property, and the transmission of private data between microgrid is reduced, it ensure that the privacy of single microgrid key load data.
Background technology
Micro-capacitance sensor is as a kind of integrated system for integrating distributed power generation, by distributed generation resource, energy storage device, load and energy
The compositions such as distribution system are measured, can effectively solve the problem that new energy accesses power grid problem.Microgrid community is then by two or more Dan Wei
The microgrid group of net, microgrid community layer equipment (energy storage device, diesel engine) composition, due to point of each microgrid in microgrid community system
Cloth unit composition is different, and all kinds of power loads of load side have different power demands, how to coordinate each single microgrid with
And the power output of microgrid community layer equipment, meet the steady of single microgrid while the high-quality and efficient operation of the micro- electricity community system of guarantee
Qualitative and economy, wherein energy distribution technique are crucial.Therefore, novel energy distributing method and control mode are probed into, is solved
Certainly conventional central control model it is computationally intensive, stability is poor the problems such as, the construction and promoting in microgrid community has very heavy
Big practice significance.
The research for microgrid energy distribution is concentrated mainly on the application of Demand Side Response technology at present, can be divided into two
Type：The first is electricity price indirect adjustments and controls, and by the height of electricity price, intelligent subscriber can adjust the power demand of oneself, to reach
Few to peak period (electricity price setting is high) power demand, low ebb phase (electricity price setting is low) power demand is more.This regulative mode is small
Micro-grid system in range tends to obtain preferably as a result, still when user base number is too big, and the unified selection of user will be led
It causes to generate new load peak, i.e. peak value transfer phenomena；Second is long-range direct regulation and control, and bulk power grid is adjusted by peak valley to be arranged
The optimum load demand at the moment obtains the start and stop power of user equipment by signing an agreement, to remote operation workload demand
Size.This regulative mode needs to obtain the privacy information (the specific power demand of equipment) of user, and belongs to remote central tune
Section, when user base number is excessive, central controller needs great computing capability and communication capacity, in addition, remote control has
Higher control cost is often to be used for some in emergency circumstances, such as short trouble occurs in this way.
Therefore, a kind of New Type of Demand side response technology for serving microgrid community is developed, solves have Demand Side Response skill
The deficiency of art reduces computing capability and communication capacity needed for conventional central control mode, improves the privacy of user, reduces and divide
The cost of electricity-generating of cloth unit, and the power supply cost of reduction multiclass intelligent subscriber have great theoretical and practical significance.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of microgrid community distributed energies point of New Type of Demand side response that serving microgrid community
Method of completing the square is transmitted using reaching consistency in finite time in multi-agent system as theoretical direction by the information between microgrid,
Obtain the integral load demand information of microgrid community, it is therefore an objective to avoid the exposure of privacy information and making for central controller
With；Using particle cluster algorithm as optimization algorithm, the optimal output of microgrid community layer equipment is calculated；With PAR (peak-to-average force ratio) for reference value,
It proposes an indirect load and adjusts algorithm, calculate adjustment afterload demand curve, it is therefore an objective to meet the PAR of setting.
The Demand Side Response technology of the present invention uses distributed control method, each microgrid concurrent operation effectively to avoid
The leakage of privacy information, and be not in Single Point of Faliure problem, and the setting of PAR can be passed through and coordinate to control entire microgrid society
The workload demand in area ensure that the operating cost of microgrid is optimal, reduce the electricity consumption of user by population intelligent optimization algorithm
Cost.
Microgrid community model
In recent years, in order to reduce the influence that new energy uncertainty generates microgrid, meet the overall operation in residing region
Target (economy, Environmental etc.) improves the stability of single microgrid, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of novel micro-grid system --- microgrid
Community system starts to be applied, and thought is that microgrid is connected to the low pressure layer of microgrid community, by the energy of microgrid community
Distribution system, entire microgrid community can monitor the demand of power consumption and each microgrid of low pressure layer, distribution microgrid community
Middle laminate layer energy-storage system carries out intelligent adjusting, in case of emergency, microgrid community system for the client that on-peak demand is checked
The middle laminate layer diesel engine system of microgrid community, control, equilibrium energy demand will be started.
Microgrid community includes the micro-capacitance sensor of low pressure layer and the microgrid community layer equipment of middle laminate layer, and community layer equipment includes mainly
Energy storage device and diesel engine, it is ensured that the equilibrium of supply and demand of microgrid community, and coordinate the overall operation that microgrid reaches microgrid community
Target.Microgrid community environment is similar to more microgrid environment, but the two still has following difference：
1) microgrid community possesses microgrid community layer equipment to ensure the equilibrium of supply and demand, more microgrid environment only rely on microgrid itself or
Person's bulk power grid.
2) microgrid community belongs to co-operative environment, and low pressure layer micro-capacitance sensor and the mutually coordinated control of community layer equipment reach microgrid society
Area's overall operation target.More microgrid environment many places are in non-co-operative environment or alliance's environment.
3) microgrid community structure is time-varying, and low pressure layer microgrid can select access microgrid community or islet operation.
The number of microgrid is known under more microgrid environment.
Microgrid net load model
Net load model includes the load model of Demand-side and the new energy model of Generation Side.Load model includes non-adjustable
Save load (BtAgent), adjustable load (RtAgent).BtAgent includes uninterrupted load (refrigerator, important illumination etc.),
Such workload demand must satisfy.RtAgent includes translatable load (charging-discharging controller, washing machine etc.) and interruptible load
(air-conditioning, insignificant illumination etc.), RtAgent, which has, divides load priority, ensures the high load power supply of priority, and according to reality
Border situation translation and cut-out burden functional.Herein according to the consumption habit of resident in life, in general, substantially by adjustable load
It is divided into four periods, the first period was the electricity consumption period in the morning：00:00~08:00, the second period was the electricity consumption period at noon：08:
00~13:00, the third period is the electricity consumption period in the afternoon：13:00~19:00, the 4th period was the electricity consumption period at night：19:00~
00:00.Adjustable load can only be adjusted within respective institute's period, big to prevent there is being adjusted load scheduling span, with microgrid
Actual motion is runed counter to.Therefore, load model can be described as：
dmin-b(t)≤r(t)≤dmax-b(t) (2)
In formula, y (t) indicates the desired value that load is adjusted, that is, adjustable load in the prediction a few days ago of each period
Value.A few days ago predicted value of the unadjustable load of b (t) expressions in each period.The adjustable load of r (t) expressions passes through higher level
Dispatch value after Agent optimizations, DiminEnsure the minimum value that workload demand power is adjusted in i-th of period, prevents
The case where load is all adjusted in excision.dminAnd dmaxIt is the bound constraint of Demand-side physics inlet wire capacity.
New energy model includes mainly photovoltaic generation model and wind turbine power generation model in micro-capacitance sensor.As generation of electricity by new energy
End, environmental benefit is very high, and when not considering initial outlay cost, cost of electricity-generating is negligible, therefore during actual schedule,
Generation of electricity by new energy power should preferentially be used.Generation of electricity by new energy meets following constraint：
In formula, Pi(t) it is higher level's scheduling decision information,The maximum value predicted a few days ago for new energy.It is indicated as i=1
Photovoltaic generation output valve；Wind turbine power generation output valve is indicated as i=2.
Due to not considering new energy prediction and load prediction error problem herein, then new energy and workload demand
It is indicated with " net load " variable：
In formula,It is more than needed to indicate that i-th of microgrid in t moment energy occurs, on the contrary it is then in energy vacancy state.
Microgrid community layer device model
Community layer equipment includes mainly energy storage device and diesel engine, it is ensured that the equilibrium of supply and demand of microgrid community, and coordinate
Microgrid reaches the overall operation target of microgrid community.
Energy storage device is mutually coordinated with other distributed generation resources, common to maintain micro-capacitance sensor stable operation.Since new energy is contributed
Fluctuation, energy storage device can be used as buffer unit smooth new energy fluctuation.However, energy storage device installation cost is relatively
Energy storage cost of investment is folded in energy storage service life by height, consideration, that is, optimizes the service life of energy storage, being equivalent to reduces storage
It can cost.The study found that energy storage charge and discharge number and depth of discharge can all influence the energy storage service life, therefore, by the energy storage device longevity
Life is combined with charge-discharge electric power, and obtaining energy storage device charge and discharge cost is：
In formula,For the energy storage schedule power of i-th of microgrid, it is charged state when being more than zero, is equivalent to load, is less than
It is discharge condition when zero, is equivalent to micro- source.ncAnd ndIt is energy storage device efficiency for charge-discharge, β respectivelyesEnergy storage device charge and discharge at
This coefficient.Energy storage device is to reach itself charge-discharge velocity and capacity limit,Meet constraint：
Wherein, SOCi(t) be i-th of microgrid t moment state-of-charge.αbaIt is stored energy capacitance, and is energy storage device respectively
Maximum charge-discharge electric power, and be energy storage device minimax state-of-charge respectively, it is generally set to 0.8 and 0.In order to ensure scheduling week
Independence between phase, it is equal that we provide that the battery status SOC (24) of dispatching cycle Mo with the period starts state SOCInt.
Diesel Engine Model generally considers binomial form, and the cost for the generation that generates electricity is mainly related to output power：
In formula, k1, k2, k3 are the cost coefficient of diesel engine, pD(t) output power of diesel engine is indicated, it meets as follows
Constraint：
s.t.Sd(t)∈{0,1}(8)
In formula, Sd(t) be diesel engine start and stop state, 1 indicate open, 0 indicate close.
Operator Optimized models
The main operational objective of microgrid community is the economy and stability of system operation, laminate layer in cooperation microgrid community
The Demand Side Response of equipment and low pressure layer meets following equality constraint：
In formula, pgrid(t) electricity bought from bulk power grid is indicated, since the new energy in microgrid is not that can meet always
The power shortage of user demand, this part is made up from Operator to power grid power purchase, to generate purchases strategies：
Wherein, Cb(t) be t moment purchase electricity price.The paddy period is 10:00~15:00, usually section is 01:00~09:
00、23:00~00:00, the peak period is 16:00~22:00.Present invention assumes that the electricity price of power grid day part is as shown in table 1.
1 power grid tou power price of table
Due to the constraint of micro-capacitance sensor and power grid physics interconnection, power purchase power meets following constraint：
In conclusion the present invention is as follows the problem of considered：
subject to(1)-(5),(8),(9),(11)
Distributed optimization algorithm based on Demand Side Response
In order to ensure the private data of each microgrid, critical load power information is avoided to reveal, each microgrid is announced outward
Only net load information ---To reach consistency in finite time in multi-agent system as theoretical direction, pass through
Information between microgrid is transmitted, and the integral load demand information of microgrid community is obtained：The information bar that expression iteration is k times, if
The initial information item of jth microgrid is：The mode of information iteration is shown below：
NjIndicate that the neighbor piconet set of j-th of microgrid, theoretical proof, iteration can tend to consistency in finite time,
We can obtain final information on load item：
Each microgrid can obtain global information on load as a result,.
In order to solve to have the deficiency of Demand Side Response technology, a kind of New Type of Demand side for serving microgrid community of exploitation is rung
Technology is answered, invention introduces the concepts of a PAR (peak-to-average force ratio), to adjust load side to meet bulk power grid requirement, such as following formula
It is shown：
Higher par expressions have higher peak value within the time cycle, indicate that workload demand is Yi Tiaoshui if par=1
Flat line.
New Type of Demand side of the present invention response method is as follows：
Based on the above analysis, in the operational process of microgrid community, using population etc. intelligent algorithms, definition it is corresponding
Operator decision variables, such as the middle laminate layer equipment of microgrid community：The output of energy storage device and diesel engine is carried further according to this paper
New Type of Demand side response technology can be very good the workload demand of macro adjustments and controls microgrid community mesolow layer.
The present invention provides a kind of microgrid community Energy distribution algorithm based on Demand Side Response technology, from Operator's
Angle proposes a kind of theoretical frame for the operation of microgrid community system Optimum Economic.This method solve existing Demand Side Responses
The deficiency of technology reduces computing capability and communication capacity needed for conventional central control mode, improve user privacy,
Reduce the cost of electricity-generating of distributed unit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is microgrid community system structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the overview flow chart of the microgrid community Energy distribution algorithm based on Demand Side Response technology.
Fig. 3 is the comparison figure of microgrid information bar iteration.
Fig. 4 is part design sketch.
Accompanying drawings symbol description
In Fig. 1, microgrid community system structural schematic diagram.T dispatching cycle is one day a few days ago for microgrid community, minimum scheduling time
It is 1 hour, is divided within one day 24 scheduling time sections, it is assumed that the output power of Generation Side and the need of Demand-side in each period
Power is asked to remain unchanged.
In Fig. 2, the overview flow chart of the microgrid community energy management algorithm based on Demand Side Response technology.What ACA was indicated
Finite time reaches consistency, to obtain global information on load, ensure that the privacy of user, that ICLA is indicated is the present invention
It is proposed to obtain New Type of Demand side response method.PSO then indicates intelligent granule group's algorithm.
In Fig. 3, the comparison figure of microgrid information bar iteration.Finite time congruity theory based on multiple agent, above
Iterativecurve is actual conditions, and iterativecurve below is theoretical case.Difference between the two is mainly due to actual conditions
Network Packet Loss, caused by network delay.
In Fig. 4, red is expressed as original loads curve, and design sketch is illustrated when setting value PAR is 1,1.5,2 these three feelings
Design sketch curve after Load Regulation under condition.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing and by example, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, microgrid community system of the present invention includes 5 micro-grid systems and middle laminate layer equipment：One
Cover energy-storage system and diesel engine system.Technical parameter setting is as follows：
The overall procedure of the microgrid community Energy distribution algorithm based on Demand Side Response technology is given below, as shown in Figure 2：
1. theoretical with ACA, under the premise of fully ensuring that the privacy of user, each microgrid calculates the net load of itself
Amount, and carry out information bar iteration according to institute's extracting method of the present invention.
2. iteration terminates, each microgrid obtains integral load demand information, and middle laminate layer equipment distribution obtains the information, and transports
With the optimal output of laminate layer equipment in intelligent algorithm decision (energy storage device and diesel engine).
3. judging the fitness function value f of kth stepfit(K) whether meet ffit(K+1)-ffit(K)=e ＜ ξ, if meeting
The 4th step is carried out, the 2nd step of rebound if being unsatisfactory for.
4. using New Type of Demand side proposed by the present invention response method, the load tune of each microgrid parallel computation itself simultaneously
Whole amount, iteration is until meeting par ＜=PAR always.
The present invention is the technology for the New Type of Demand side response for serving microgrid community, with finite time in multi-agent system
It is theoretical direction inside to reach consistency, is transmitted by the information between microgrid, and the integral load demand information of microgrid community is obtained,
Purpose is that of avoiding the exposure of privacy information and the use of central controller；Using particle cluster algorithm as optimization algorithm, calculate micro-
The optimal output of net community layer equipment；With PAR (peak-to-average force ratio) for reference value, it is proposed that an indirect load adjusts algorithm, calculates
Adjust afterload demand curve, it is therefore an objective to meet the PAR of setting.The Demand Side Response technology uses distributed AC servo system strategy, often
A microgrid concurrent operation, effectively avoids the leakage of privacy information, and is not in Single Point of Faliure problem, and can pass through
The workload demand that the setting of PAR coordinates to control entire microgrid community ensure that the fortune of microgrid by population intelligent optimization algorithm
Row Optimum cost reduces the electric cost of user.
It is only the preferred embodiments of invention, practical range not for the purpose of limiting the invention in summary.That is Fan Yiben
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the content of patent application the scope of the claims all should be the technology scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of microgrid community distributed energy distribution method based on Demand Side Response, includes the following steps：
(1) Operator Optimized models are established
The main operational objective of microgrid community is the economy and stability of system operation, the equipment of laminate layer in cooperation microgrid community
And the Demand Side Response of low pressure layer, meet following equality constraint：
In formula, pgrid(t) electricity bought from bulk power grid is indicated, since the new energy in microgrid is not that can meet user always
The power shortage of demand, this part is made up from Operator to power grid power purchase, to generate purchases strategies：
Wherein, Cb(t) be t moment purchase electricity price；
The paddy period is 10:00~15:00, usually section is 01:00~09:00、23:00~00:00, the peak period is 16:00~22:
00；Present invention assumes that the electricity price of power grid day part is as shown in table 1：
1 power grid tou power price of table
Due to the constraint of micro-capacitance sensor and power grid physics interconnection, power purchase power meets following constraint：
It obtains：
(2) the distributed optimization algorithm based on Demand Side Response
To reach consistency in finite time in multi-agent system as foundation, is transmitted, obtained micro- by the information between microgrid
Net the integral load demand information of community：The information bar that expression iteration is k times, if the initial information item of jth microgrid is： Indicate net load information；The mode of information iteration is shown below：
NjIt indicates that the neighbor piconet set of j-th of microgrid, iteration can tend to consistency in finite time, obtains final load
Information bar：
Each microgrid can obtain global information on load as a result,；
(3) a peak-to-average force ratio PAR is introduced to adjust load side to meet bulk power grid requirement, is shown below：
Higher par expressions have higher peak value within the time cycle, indicate that workload demand is that a level is straight if par=1
Line；
(4) Demand Side Response based on par
4.1:Initialization:The standard value PAR. that the par. acquisition bulk power grid settings at the moment are calculated according to formula (15) in addition sets variable
4.2:Ifpar≤PAR, then
4.3:Otherwise, loop iteration：
4.5:Load Regulation:Find out four P minimum in initial datanet(t), it is ordered as:Plow(1),Plow(2),Plow(3),
Plow(4).
4.6:It calculates after adjustingWhether meet PAR, is unsatisfactory for proceeding to the 4.3rd step.
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| CN110518570A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-11-29 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of more micro-grid system optimal control methods in family based on the automatic demand response of event driven |
| CN110533311A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-12-03 | 三峡大学 | Intelligent Community coordinated scheduling system and method based on energy source router |
| CN112086978A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-15 | 苏州震旦科技有限公司 | Energy scheduling and control system based on demand side response |
| CN112634076A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-09 | 上海电力大学 | Distributed regulation and control method for wind power-containing multi-microgrid system considering flexible reserves |
| CN112700084A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Competitive type energy storage distribution method, device, controller and community energy storage distribution system |
| CN112821470A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-05-18 | 江南大学 | Micro-grid group optimization scheduling strategy based on niche chaos particle swarm algorithm |
| CN113991684A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Multi-microgrid load recovery method and device |
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