CN108295326B - 一种双腔超纯血液透析器 - Google Patents

一种双腔超纯血液透析器 Download PDF

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CN108295326B
CN108295326B CN201810120837.8A CN201810120837A CN108295326B CN 108295326 B CN108295326 B CN 108295326B CN 201810120837 A CN201810120837 A CN 201810120837A CN 108295326 B CN108295326 B CN 108295326B
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杨东生
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    • A61M1/36Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
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Abstract

本发明专利公开了一种双腔超纯血液透析器,属于医疗器械技术领域,一种双腔超纯血液透析器由双腔外壳、透析液入口、透析液出口、进血端盖、出血端盖、密封圈、密封胶、血液透析用中空纤维膜、透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球构成。其中双腔外壳由血液透析腔体和透析液净化腔体并联组成,血液透析腔体内加装血液透析用中空纤维膜,用于血液透析;透析液净化腔体内加装透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球,用于对透析液净化,使透析液达到超纯血液透析治疗的标准,从而提高透析治疗质量。

Description

一种双腔超纯血液透析器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双腔超纯血液透析器,该透析器在临床治疗肾脏疾病时可以对透析液进行过滤和对血液进行超纯透析过滤治疗,属于医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
血液透析,主要用于治疗慢性肾衰竭、急性肾衰竭和药物中毒等病症,现已在临床上得到了广泛应用。血血液透析是利用半透膜的原理,将患者血液与透析液同时引进透析器,在透析膜两侧呈反方向流动,凭借半透膜两侧的溶度梯度、渗透梯度和水压梯度。通过弥散、对流、吸附清除毒素;通过超滤和渗透清除体内多余的水分;同时补充需要的物质,纠正电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱。血液透析过程中,需要使用到透析机,透析器,透析液,透析管路等相关器械。其中,透析液通过透析器膜与患者血液进行物质交换,血液暴露于大量的透析液中,透析液的纯度,尤其是微生物纯度与透析患者的急慢性并发症的发生发展密切相关。
现有技术中,普通透析液质量标准要求细菌<100CFU/ml,内毒素<0.25EU/ml;美国AAMI对超纯透析液质量标准要求细菌<0.1CFU/ml,内毒素<0.03EU/ml;日本超纯透析JSDT标准要求细菌<0.1CFU/ml,内毒素<0.001EU/ml。进行超纯透析,患者的炎症反应发生率,补体激活率,白细胞下降率都能得到降低;同时患者的促红素使用量和抗炎药物使用量都会更低,减轻患者心血管负担,减少并发症发生,提高患者生活质量和生存年限。超纯透析现在被广泛接受为一种新的标准治疗方案。而对超纯透析液的制备,目前主要解决方案是通过在透析机的透析液循环管路之间安装过滤器进行过滤,再将滤过的透析液通过管路输送到血液透析器进行治疗。这种方案无法完全杜绝过滤器之后管路污染的风险。
发明内容
在本发明的目的在于提供一种双腔超纯血液透析器,其旨在解决现有的超纯透析技术中,透析液进入透析器前可能受到污染的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,其特征在于,它包括双腔外壳、透析液入口、透析液出口、进血端盖、出血端盖、密封圈、密封胶、血液透析用中空纤维膜、透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球。
所述双腔外壳由血液透析腔体和透析液净化腔体并联组成,血液透析腔体为柱状,其一端为进血端,一端为出血端,透析液净化腔体刚性或柔性连接于血液透析腔透析液进液端。
所述透析液入口位于透析液净化腔体外侧。
所述透析液出口位于血液透析腔体进血端外侧。
所述进血端盖安装于血液透析腔体进血端。
所述出血端盖安装于血液透析腔体出血端。
所述密封圈安置于进血端盖、出血端盖与血液透析腔体连接处,以及透析液净化腔体与透析液入口管路连接处,用于水路密封。
所述血液透析用中空纤维膜通过密封胶粘接两端,填充固定于血液透析腔体内部。
所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球,填充固定于透析液净化腔体内部,可设置一组,两组,或多组滤芯达到多重过滤冗余设计。
所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜材质为聚醚砜或者聚砜,内径为为100μm~250μm,壁厚为20μm~60μm,膜表面微孔直径为0.5nm~10nm,总计膜面积0.3m2~5m2
所述吸附球材质为活性炭或吸附树脂,其孔径1nm-40nm比表面积为600-1200m2/g。
本发明专利使用时加装于血液透析机,进行治疗时患者血液通过管路连接到进血端盖,流经血液透析用中空纤维膜,再从出血端盖流出回到患者体内。由透析机配置好的透析液从透析液入口进入透析液净化腔体,经由透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球过滤吸附后流入血液透析腔体,与患者血液进行跨膜接触,通过弥散、对流、吸附清除毒素;通过超滤和渗透清除多余的水分;同时为患者补充需要的物质,纠正电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱;完成治疗的透析液再从透析液出口流出。
相比于现有血液透析器和超纯透析解决方案,本发明有以下优点:
本发明将透析液净化腔体直接安装于血液透析器进液前端,中间无多余管路连接,可排除传统血液透析器与透析机之间的管路污染风险;
本发明的透析液净化用中空纤维膜或吸附球,能过滤和吸附绝大多数内毒素分子,保障过滤后水质达到超纯血液透析用水标准,提升透析治疗质量;
本发明可使用多重过滤和吸附设计,多重过滤吸附的冗余设计保证了过滤效果的可靠性;
本发明将血液透析器与透析液过滤器一体化设计,便于安装操作,减轻传统超纯透析方案的维护操作成本。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明,但附图中的内容不构成对本发明的任何限制。
图1为本发明的一种结构示意图;
附图标记为:
101 为双腔外壳的血液透析腔体;
102 为双腔外壳的透析液净化腔体;
201 为透析液入口;
202 为透析液出口;
301 为进血端盖;
302 为出血端盖;
401,402 为密封圈;
501,502,503 为密封胶;
601 为血液透析用中空纤维膜;
602 为透析液净化用中空纤维膜。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例1
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,如图1所示,设有双腔外壳101,102,其中101为血液透析腔体, 102为透析液净化腔体;透析液入口201;透析液出口202;进血端盖301;出血端盖302;密封圈401,402;密封胶501,502,503;血液透析用中空纤维膜601;透析液净化用中空纤维膜602。
透析液净化腔体102外接于血液透析腔体101出血端外侧;透析液入口201位于透析液净化腔体102外侧,透析液出口202位于血液透析腔体101进血端外侧;进血端盖301,出血端盖302分别采用螺纹紧固于血液透析腔体101的进血端和出血端;密封圈401,402分别套在各个腔体与端盖或者接口的连接处,用于液路密封;密封胶501,502用于将血液透析用中空纤维膜601固定密封于血液透析腔体101内部;密封胶503用于将透析液净化用中空纤维膜固定密封于透析液净化腔体102内部;透析液净化用中空纤维膜材质为聚醚砜或者聚砜内径为为100μm~250μm,壁厚为20μm~60μm,膜表面微孔直径为0.5nm~10nm,总计膜面积0.3m2~5m2
在实际使用时,需将该专利夹持于血液透析机上。患者血液由血液透析机从进血端盖 301泵入血液透析腔体101,从血液透析用中空纤维膜601的膜内经过,再从出血端盖302流出回到患者体内。制备好的透析液从透析液入口201进入透析液净化腔体102,通过透析液净化用中空纤维膜602完成过滤。过滤后的透析液进入血液透析腔体101,从血液透析用中空纤维膜601的膜外流过,与膜内患者血液进行跨膜接触,通过弥散、对流、吸附清除毒素;通过超滤和渗透清除多余的水分;同时为患者补充需要的物质,纠正电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱;完成治疗的透析液再从透析液出口202流出。
实施例2
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1中,可放弃螺纹和密封圈配合进行密封的方式,采用超声焊的工艺将进血端盖301,出血端盖302固定密封于血液透析腔体101,将透析液净化腔体102固定密封于透析液入口201。
实施例3
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1中,透析液滤过中空纤维膜可使用单束丝束,在使用时透析液经由透析液入口201进入透析液净化腔体102,流入透析液净化用中空纤维膜602 内,然后被压出膜外完成过滤,再进入血液透析腔体101。
实施例4
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1,3中,透析液进入透析液净化腔体102后,也可以从透析液净化用中空纤维膜602膜外被压入膜内完成过滤,再流入血液透析腔体101。
实施例5
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1中,透析液净化用中空纤维膜可使用3束或以上丝束,增加膜面积和过滤次数,以应对透析液质量较差的环境,需要多重过滤保障过滤效果。
实施例6
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1中,透析液净化用中空纤维膜可以使用吸附球替代,吸附球材质为活性炭或吸附树脂,其孔径1nm-40nm比表面积为600-1200m2/g。
实施例7
一种双腔超纯血液透析器,在实施例1中,透析液净化腔体102内可使用透析液滤过中空纤维膜和吸附球联用。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种双腔超纯血液透析器,设有双腔外壳、透析液入口、透析液出口、进血端盖、出血端盖、密封圈、密封胶、血液透析用中空纤维膜、透析液净化用中空纤维膜,其特征在于:
所述双腔外壳结构分为血液透析腔体和透析液净化腔体,制备好的未使用的透析液进入血液透析腔体前先由透析液净化腔体进行过滤、吸附净化,从而形成超纯透析液;所述双腔外壳的透析液净化腔体直接安装于血液透析腔体的透析液进液端前端;
所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜填充在所述透析液净化腔体中,且所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜采用所述密封胶固定密封于透析液净化腔体内部,透析液进入所述透析液净化腔体后,流入所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜内后被压出膜外或从所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜膜外被压入膜内,完成过滤,再进入所述血液透析腔体;
所述透析液净化腔体内设置多组中空纤维膜达到多重过滤冗余设计;
所述透析液净化用中空纤维膜的材质为聚砜,内径为100μm~250μm,壁厚为20μm~60μm,膜表面微孔直径为0.5nm~10nm,总计膜面积0.3m2~5m2
所述血液透析用中空纤维膜通过密封胶粘接两端,填充固定于血液透析腔体内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种双腔超纯血液透析器,其特征在于:其透析液入口设置于透析液净化腔体的外侧,其透析液出口设置于血液透析腔体进血端外侧。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种双腔超纯血液透析器,其特征在于:其进血端盖安装于血液透析腔体进血端,其出血端盖安装于血液透析腔体出血端。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种双腔超纯血液透析器,其特征在于:所述进血端盖与血液透析腔体连接处安置有密封圈,所述出血端盖与血液透析腔体连接处安置有密封圈,所述密封圈用于水路密封。
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