CN108287150B - Method and equipment for detecting buffer gas in atomic bubble - Google Patents
Method and equipment for detecting buffer gas in atomic bubble Download PDFInfo
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- CN108287150B CN108287150B CN201711272812.1A CN201711272812A CN108287150B CN 108287150 B CN108287150 B CN 108287150B CN 201711272812 A CN201711272812 A CN 201711272812A CN 108287150 B CN108287150 B CN 108287150B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
Abstract
The application discloses a method and equipment for measuring buffer gas of atomic bubbles, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a laser, a first light detector, a second light detector and a measurement controller, wherein the laser is used for emitting light waves with at least one frequency; the first optical detector is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, converting the light wave into a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the measurement controller; the second optical detector is used for receiving the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converting the light into a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the measurement controller, wherein the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and absorbed by the buffer gas; and the measurement controller is used for measuring the composition and the content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal. The content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble is determined through the absorption amount of the atomic absorption spectrum, and the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of atomic frequency standard, in particular to a method and equipment for detecting buffer gas in atomic bubbles.
Background
Atomic gas is a basic substance for scientific research and industrial production, and plays an important role in the fields of cold atom systems, condensed state physics, electronics, biomedicine, spectrum technology, time-frequency measurement and the like.
Specifically, in the field of time-frequency measurement, atomic gas, as a working substance of a physical part, can output a high-performance time-frequency signal through energy level transition. However, the atomic frequency standard technology is the most accurate time measurement technology at present, and the physical part working substances generally adopt atomic gases such as hydrogen, rubidium, cesium and the like. These atomic gases are generally sealed in atomic bubbles, and in order to easily light the atomic bubbles, it is necessary to reduce the mean free path of the atomic gases in the atomic bubbles, and therefore, a method of flushing buffer gas into the atomic bubbles is employed.
The composition and content of the buffer gas, which is the basic gas of the atomic bubble, is critical to the stability of the atomic bubble, the physical part of the atomic clock and the whole atomic clock.
Because the phenomenon of air leakage is easy to occur when the atomic bubble is sealed, the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in a atomic bubble, so as to solve the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble in the prior art cannot be accurately measured.
The embodiment of the application provides a detection equipment of buffer gas in atomic bubble, includes: laser instrument, first photo detector, second photo detector and measurement controller, wherein:
the laser is used for emitting light waves of at least one frequency;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, converting the light wave into a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the measurement controller;
the second photodetector is used for receiving the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converting the light into a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the measurement controller, wherein the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and absorbed by the buffer gas;
and the measurement controller is used for measuring the composition and the content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for detecting buffer gas in atomic bubbles, which comprises the following steps:
the laser emits light waves of at least one frequency;
the first optical detector receives the light wave emitted by the laser, converts the light wave into a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to the measurement controller;
the second optical detector receives the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converts the light into a second electric signal and sends the second electric signal to the measurement controller, and the light is the transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and then absorbed by the buffer gas;
the measurement controller measures the composition and content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal.
The application provides at least one embodiment with the following beneficial effects:
the detection method provided by the embodiment of the application determines the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble through the absorption amount of the atomic absorption spectrum, and effectively solves the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to achieve the purpose of the present application, an embodiment of the present application provides a method and an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble, including: laser instrument, first photo detector, second photo detector and measurement controller, wherein: the laser is used for emitting light waves of at least one frequency; the first optical detector is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, converting the light wave into a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the measurement controller; the second photodetector is used for receiving the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converting the light into a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the measurement controller, wherein the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and absorbed by the buffer gas; and the measurement controller is used for measuring the composition and the content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal. The content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble is determined through the absorption amount of the atomic absorption spectrum, and the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured is effectively solved.
Various embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings attached hereto, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The detection apparatus includes: a laser 101, a first light detector 102, a second light detector 103, and a measurement controller 104, wherein:
the laser 101 is used for emitting light waves of at least one frequency;
the first optical detector 102 is configured to receive the optical wave emitted by the laser, convert the optical wave into a first electrical signal, and send the first electrical signal to the measurement controller;
the second photodetector 103 is configured to receive light transmitted from the atomic bubble, convert the light into a second electrical signal, and send the second electrical signal to the measurement controller, where the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and then absorbed by the buffer gas;
the measurement controller 104 is configured to measure the composition and content of the buffer gas according to the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the frequency range of the laser may be 300 to 1000nm, and the frequency output by the laser needs to include the eigen spectrum of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble, so as to ensure that the light wave is absorbed by the buffer gas through the atomic bubble, and is used as the basis for detecting the absorption spectrum of the buffer gas.
According to the embodiment of the application, the buffer gas in the atomic bubble and the light waves with different frequencies are enabled to act through the frequency sweeping of the laser, and then the components and the content of the buffer gas are determined by comparing the absorbed spectrum with the original laser spectrum, so that the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured is effectively solved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is based on fig. 1, and the measuring device further comprises: a polarizing plate 201, wherein:
the polarizer 201 is configured to receive the optical wave emitted by the laser 101, and split the optical wave into two beams, where one beam is transmitted to the first photodetector 102, and the other beam is transmitted to the atomic bubble.
Preferably, the measuring apparatus further comprises: a grating 202, wherein:
the grating 202 is configured to receive the optical wave emitted by the laser 101, and screen sub-optical waves of different frequency bands included in the optical wave to obtain monochromatic light matched with a wavelength band corresponding to the buffer gas;
the polarizer 201 is configured to receive the monochromatic light and divide the monochromatic light into two beams, where one beam is transmitted to the first light detector and the other beam is transmitted to the atomic bubble.
It should be noted that, since the polarized light of the monochromatic light enters the atomic bubble, and the monochromatic light is the local oscillation spectrum of the buffer gas, the buffer gas in the atomic bubble absorbs the local oscillation spectrum and generates an energy level transition (here, the condition of the energy level transition may be hv ═ E1-E2), and the intensity of the monochromatic light after passing through the atomic bubble is reduced.
Preferably, the measuring apparatus further comprises: integrating sphere 203, wherein:
the integrating sphere 203 is configured to collect the transmitted light from the atomic bubble and transmit the transmitted light to the second photodetector 103.
Preferably, the measuring apparatus further comprises: a thermistor 204, wherein:
one end of the thermistor 204 is connected with the atomic bubble, and the other end is connected with the measurement controller 104;
and the measurement controller is used for measuring the temperature of the atomic bubble through the thermistor.
In the embodiment of the present application, the measurement controller 104 is specifically configured to determine an absorption intensity of the light wave by the buffer gas according to the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal, and measure a composition and a content of the buffer gas according to the absorption intensity.
In the embodiment of the present application, the measurement controller 104 is specifically configured to calculate and obtain concentration values of measured elements contained in the buffer gas by the following method:
I＝ρ*L*η*W12*A；
wherein: i is the absorption intensity, rho is the concentration value of the element to be measured, L is the length of the atomic bubble, eta is the percentage of the particle number at the low energy level before the transition of the buffer gas generation level to the total particle number, eta is related to the temperature of the atomic bubble, W12A is the detection coefficient of the second photodetector, and A is the transition probability of the buffer gas generation energy level transition.
The buffer gas contains particles at a low energy level at a certain temperature, and the absorption intensity increases as the number of low-energy-level particles increases and the light is absorbed before the buffer gas in the atomic bubbles absorbs the light.
In this embodiment, the measurement controller 104 is further configured to determine different components contained in the buffer gas and the content corresponding to each component according to the components and the contents corresponding to different frequency light waves when obtaining the components and the contents of the buffer gas corresponding to a plurality of frequency light waves emitted by the laser.
The measuring device provided by the embodiment of the application comprises: laser instrument, first photo detector, second photo detector and measurement controller, wherein: the laser is used for emitting light waves of at least one frequency; the first optical detector is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, converting the light wave into a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the measurement controller; the second photodetector is used for receiving the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converting the light into a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the measurement controller, wherein the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and absorbed by the buffer gas; and the measurement controller is used for measuring the composition and the content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal. The content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble is determined through the absorption amount of the atomic absorption spectrum, and the problem that the content of the buffer gas in the atomic bubble cannot be accurately measured is effectively solved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may be as follows.
Step 301: the laser emits light waves of at least one frequency.
Step 302: the grating receives the light waves emitted by the laser, and screens sub-light waves with different frequency bands contained in the light waves to obtain monochromatic light matched with the wave band corresponding to the buffer gas.
Step 303: the polaroid receives the light wave emitted by the laser and divides the light wave into two beams, one beam of light is transmitted to the first light detector, and the other beam of light is transmitted to the atomic bubble.
Specifically, the polarizer receives the monochromatic light screened by the grating, and divides the monochromatic light into two beams, one beam of light is transmitted to the first light detector, and the other beam of light is transmitted to the atomic bubble.
Step 304: the first optical detector receives the light wave emitted by the laser, converts the light wave into a first electric signal, and sends the first electric signal to the measurement controller.
Specifically, the first light detector receives the monochromatic light emitted by the polarized light, converts the monochromatic light into a first electric signal, and sends the first electric signal to the measurement controller.
Step 305: the second photodetector receives the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converts the light into a second electrical signal, and sends the second electrical signal to the measurement controller.
The light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and then absorbed by the buffer gas.
Preferably, the integrating sphere collects transmitted light from the atomic bubble and transmits the transmitted light to the second photodetector.
Step 306: the measurement controller measures the composition and content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal.
Specifically, the measurement controller determines the absorption intensity of the buffer gas for the light wave according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal, and measures the composition and content of the buffer gas according to the absorption intensity.
The measurement controller calculates concentration values of the measured elements contained in the buffer gas by the following method:
I＝ρ*L*η*W12*A；
wherein: i is the absorption intensity, rho is the concentration value of the element to be measured, L is the length of the atomic bubble, eta is the percentage of the particle number at the low energy level before the transition of the buffer gas generation level to the total particle number, eta is related to the temperature of the atomic bubble, W12A is the detection coefficient of the second photodetector, and A is the transition probability of the buffer gas generation energy level transition.
One end of the thermistor is connected with the atomic bubble, and the other end of the thermistor is connected with the measurement controller; the measurement controller measures the temperature of the atomic bubble through the thermistor.
Preferably, the measurement controller is further configured to determine, according to the components and the contents corresponding to different frequency light waves, different components contained in the buffer gas and the contents corresponding to each component, under the condition that the components and the contents corresponding to the plurality of frequency light waves emitted by the laser are obtained.
For example: when the laser emits light with the frequency of F1, the component a of the buffer gas and the content corresponding to the component a can be analyzed and obtained as C1 by the method described above; when the laser emits light with the frequency of F2, the component a of the buffer gas and the content corresponding to the component a can be analyzed and obtained as C2 by the method described above; the technical solution provided by the present application may be based on the content of the component a of the buffer gas obtained by analysis, and the C1 and C2 may be used for summation averaging, weighted averaging, and the like, and the calculation method is not limited in detail here.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, apparatus (device), or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (devices) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus for measuring buffer gas in an atomic bubble, comprising: laser instrument, polaroid, grating, thermistor, first light detector, second light detector and measurement controller, wherein:
the laser is used for emitting light waves of at least one frequency;
the first optical detector is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, converting the light wave into a first electric signal and sending the first electric signal to the measurement controller;
the second photodetector is used for receiving the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converting the light into a second electric signal and sending the second electric signal to the measurement controller, wherein the light is transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and absorbed by the buffer gas;
one end of the thermistor is connected with the atomic bubble, and the other end of the thermistor is connected with the measurement controller;
the measurement controller is used for measuring the temperature of the atomic bubble through the thermistor; the buffer gas is also used for determining the absorption intensity of the buffer gas to the light wave according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal, and measuring the composition and the content of the buffer gas according to the absorption intensity;
the measurement controller is specifically configured to calculate a concentration value of a measured element contained in the buffer gas by:
I=ρ*L*η*W12*A；
wherein: i is the absorption intensity, rho is the concentration value of the element to be measured, L is the length of the atomic bubble, eta is the percentage of the particle number at the low energy level before the transition of the buffer gas generation level to the total particle number, eta is related to the temperature of the atomic bubble, W12The transition probability of buffer gas generation energy level transition is shown, and A is the detection coefficient of the second photodetector;
the grating is used for receiving the light wave emitted by the laser, and screening sub-light waves with different frequency bands contained in the light wave to obtain monochromatic light matched with the wave band corresponding to the buffer gas;
and the polaroid is used for receiving the monochromatic light and dividing the monochromatic light into two beams of light, one beam of light is transmitted to the first light detector, and the other beam of light is transmitted to the atomic bubble.
2. The measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an integrating sphere, wherein:
and the integrating sphere is used for collecting the transmitted light transmitted from the atomic bubble and transmitting the transmitted light to the second photodetector.
3. The measurement device according to claim 1 or 2,
the measurement controller is further configured to determine different components contained in the buffer gas and contents corresponding to each component according to components and contents corresponding to different frequency light waves under the condition that the components and contents of the buffer gas corresponding to the multiple frequency light waves emitted by the laser are obtained.
4. A method for detecting a buffer gas in an atomic bubble using the measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
the laser emits light waves of at least one frequency;
the first optical detector receives the light wave emitted by the laser, converts the light wave into a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to the measurement controller;
the second optical detector receives the light transmitted from the atomic bubble, converts the light into a second electric signal and sends the second electric signal to the measurement controller, and the light is the transmitted light after the light wave emitted by the laser is transmitted to the atomic bubble and then absorbed by the buffer gas;
the measurement controller measures the composition and content of the buffer gas according to the first electric signal and the second electric signal.
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| CN201711272812.1A CN108287150B (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Method and equipment for detecting buffer gas in atomic bubble |
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| US4313057A (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1982-01-26 | Gelbwachs Jerry A | Ultrasensitive trace element analyzer |
| JPS62129741A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Photoacoustic analysis method and apparatus |
| JP4023046B2 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2007-12-19 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Flame atomic absorption spectrometer |
| DE10011171A1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Perkin Elmer Bodenseewerk Zwei | Process for detecting mercury in a sample solution comprises a detection device consisting of an atomic spectrometer with a measuring cell, a precious metal enriching device and a control unit for controlling the feed of gaseous mercury |
| US6775001B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-08-10 | Lambda Control, Inc. | Laser-based spectrometer for use with pulsed and unstable wavelength laser sources |
| CN1195215C (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for simutaneously measuring two kinds of gases by using one diode-laser device |
| CN100542038C (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2009-09-16 | 江汉大学 | Passive Rb atom frequency standard locking indication and method for diagnosing faults |
| CN201867365U (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-06-15 | 浙江大学 | Saturated absorption spectrum device based on internal surface reflection of atomic gas sample cell |
| CN101995384B (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-06-06 | 浙江大学 | Saturated absorption spectrum method and device based on internal surface reflection of atomic gas sample cell |
| US8837540B2 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-09-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Simple, low power microsystem for saturation spectroscopy |
| CN103162829B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2015-02-25 | 电子科技大学 | Transmissive and reflective spectrum detection system and sensor using same |
| CN103501180A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Light wave anti-reflection type atom bubble and application method thereof |
| CN103472000B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-11-18 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Containing detection method and the device of component ratio each in the atomic gas of cushion gas |
| CN103528994B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2016-01-20 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Based on atomic gas concentration detection apparatus and the method for optical coherence backward scattering effect |
| CN103929175B (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2017-01-18 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Quantum system device for CPT atomic frequency maker |
| CN103760135B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江大学城市学院 | The speed transfer laser spectrum measuring apparatus of V-type level structure atom and method |
| DE102014227052A1 (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-06-30 | Universität Stuttgart | Steam cell and use of graphene in a steam cell |
| US11002133B2 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2021-05-11 | Iball Instruments Llc | Multigas multisensor redundant Mudlogging system |
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