CN108287056A - Optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system and assessment method - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system and assessment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108287056A CN108287056A CN201711351718.5A CN201711351718A CN108287056A CN 108287056 A CN108287056 A CN 108287056A CN 201711351718 A CN201711351718 A CN 201711351718A CN 108287056 A CN108287056 A CN 108287056A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system and assessment methods, it is related to technical field of optical fiber sensing, including pulse laser, Polarization Controller, fiber optical circulator, optical fiber sensing ring, line pulse polarization state receiver, digital oscilloscope and computing module, pulse laser can emit continuous light and pulsed light, and the test end of optical fiber sensing ring is connected with polarization analysis instrument；When carrying out coupled characteristic test and appraisal, eigenstate of polarization alignment is carried out first with polarization analysis instrument, the pulsed light consistent with eigenstate of polarization is inputted again, using the Stokes vector of backscattering light measurement optical fiber sensing ring each point reflected light, 3 Quaternion Methods and birefringent filters sciagraphy is finally utilized to calculate the polarization state electric field vector mode coupling coefficient and extinction ratio of each point.The present invention is suitable for the variation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling parameter caused by the high-acruracy survey and extraneous factor of high quality optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling, realizes the distributed sensing of many reference amounts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, and in particular to a kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling distribution character
Evaluation system and assessment method.
Background technology
As a kind of inertial survey technique of key, optical fibre gyro (FOG) just causes after 1976 are put forward for the first time
The great attention of many countries, by fast development for many years, FOG has become the mainstream selection of field of inertia technology, wide
It is general to be applied to aircraft and ship navigation, panzer, gesture stability and the spacecraft stabilization etc. of tank and pendulum train.Optical fiber is quick
Sense ring is the core component of optical fibre gyro, it is formed by polarization-maintaining polarization-maintaining fiber of good performance (PMF) coiling, but by light
Intrinsic polarization modes coupling caused by fine fault of construction and the induction introduced by stress and main shaft misalignment in winding process are inclined
Mode coupling of shaking can all cause significant polarization state to fluctuate, and lead to drift.The performance that fundamentally improve optical fibre gyro, needs more
The accurate polarization modes coupling coefficient for measuring optical fiber sensing ring and raising coupling spot placement accuracy, further investigation optical fiber sensing ring
Polarization-maintaining performance.
Optical fiber sensing ring also obtains extensive use other than applying in optical fibre gyro in fibre optic current sensor.
Different from the optical fiber sensing ring of optical fibre gyro, it is two orthogonal that it keeps optical fiber, its eigenstate of polarization using elliptical polarization
Ellipse.
The method for being presently used for the detection of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling is mainly Fiber White-light Interferometer, and principle is logical
Overcompensation Coupling power point optical path difference determines mode coupling point；But this technology is for that when measuring polarization modes coupling, can go out
Existing following problem：First, the wide spectrum optical only specific wavelength energy resonance in optical fiber sensing ring, and polarization modes coupling is wave
Length is relevant；However the light source of white light interference is wide spectrum light source, the mode coupling intensity measured is the average mould coupling of the wide spectrum optical
It closes, therefore, accurate description difference fiber resonance cavity resonance wavelength is unable to using the mode coupling that is averaged of the wide spectrum optical of white light interferometric
It is influenced by polarization modes coupling；Second, polarization modes coupling coefficient can just be born because polarization modes coupling be substantially due to
Caused by adjacent two sections of fiber birefringence axis (also referred to as polarization principal axis) misalignment, the angle of main shaft misalignment can just be born；In vain
Mode coupling coefficient measured by optical interferometer is strength mis-matching coefficient, and value is all positive, cannot reflect true polarization mode electricity
The coefficient of coup of field vector；Third can lead to prodigious polarization mode dispersion, spatial resolution meeting due to the use of wide spectrum light source
It is reduced with the increase for measuring length；4th, white light interferometer is to change interferometer two-arm by way of mechanical scanning
Optical path difference, and speculum can make reflection polarization state change in Machine Movement Process, to influence measurement accuracy.The
Five, white light interferometer will use polarization splitting prism in measurement process, therefore can only detect linear polarization and keep the inclined of optical fiber
It shakes mode coupling, the mode coupling between two orthogonal elliptical polarization states in polarization ellipse optical fiber cannot be detected.For many years, although optical fiber
White light interferometer technology has reached quite high level, practical and commercialization.But for higher-quality optical fiber
Sensing ring, mode coupling coefficient smaller, measurement request higher, and white light interferometer is limited by its principle, is further increased
Space is limited.Therefore, in order to further increase the sensitivity of detection, the mode coupling coefficient for detecting polarization mode electric field intensity,
It keeps the polarization modes coupling of the optical fiber sensing ring of optical fiber fabrication to measure elliptical polarization to realize, explores new method
It is an important demand.
Optical time domain reflection technology is a kind of common technology for measuring fiber distribution parameter, in a fiber the Rayleigh of certain point
Scatter light polarization state and the point incidence are just consistent, it is possible to detect polarization state along optical fiber using Rayleigh scattering light
Variation.But there are the following problems in a particular application for optical time domain reflection technology：First, the burst length of detection polarization state variation
It is necessarily less than optical fiber and claps long transmission time, and the bat of polarization maintaining optical fibre length is very small, usually in 2~3mm or so, this requires pulse
In ps even fs magnitudes；Secondly, inclined using the line of fixed-direction commonly used in the optical time domain reflection technology of detection polarization state
Polarization state, it can not necessarily be directed at the polarization principal axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre, ensure that being directed at elliptical polarization keeps light typically without method
Fine eigenstate of polarization；The method of third, detection polarization state variation can be divided into two kinds, be measured in spy one is analyzer is used
Determine the light work(of polarization direction, thus cannot detect whole Stokes' parameters of polarization state；Another kind is that method is to polarize entirely
State detects, and the technology is by obtaining three Stokes parameters [S1, S2, S3] being distributed along fiber lengths, i.e., complete polarization
State information, still, there is presently no the equipment of the online full polarization state detection for being adapted to high-speed pulse.Therefore, currently based on
The optical time domain reflection technology of full polarization state detection is only limitted to general single mode fiber, has not been used in polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling
It can measure.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind carrying out mode coupling performance measurement to higher-quality optical fiber sensing ring,
Have compared with high detection sensitivity, and be capable of detecting when the coefficient of coup of polarization mode electric field intensity, and elliptical polarization can be kept
The optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system that the polarization modes coupling of the optical fiber sensing ring of optical fiber fabrication measures, with
Full polarization state cannot be carried out by solving in above-mentioned background technology accurately detects, and realizes the skill of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling performance measurement
Art problem.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions：
A kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system, including sending module, receiving module, computing module,
The sending module includes sequentially connected pulse laser, Polarization Controller, fiber optical circulator, and the pulse swashs
The output end of light device connects the input terminal of the Polarization Controller, and the output end of the Polarization Controller connects the optical fiber ring
The second end of the first end of device, the fiber optical circulator connects the test beginning of the testing fiber sensing ring.
The receiving module includes line pulse polarization state receiver, digital oscilloscope, and the line pulse polarization state connects
The first input end for receiving device connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator, and the output end of the line pulse polarization state receiver connects
The input terminal of the digital oscilloscope is connect, the output end of the digital oscilloscope connects the computing module.
The test end of the testing fiber sensing ring is connected with polarization analysis instrument.
Further, the pulse laser includes the continuous light laser in narrowband, lithium niobate modulator, programmable pulse volume
Code generator, modulator driver, fiber amplifier and optical filter；The continuous light laser in narrowband connects the lithium niobate
The first input end of modulator, the input terminal of the output end connection fiber amplifier of the lithium niobate modulator, the optical fiber are put
The output end of big device connects the input terminal of the optical filter, and the output end of the optical filter connects the Polarization Controller；
The output end of the programmable pulse code generator connects the input terminal of the modulator driver, the modulator driver
Output end connect the second input terminal of the lithium niobate modulator.
Further, the line pulse polarization state receiver includes polarization beam apparatus, coupler, 90 ° of optical mixer units, 3
A balance optical detector；The output end connection of the polarization beam apparatus is there are two the coupler, and the of described two couplers
One output end is separately connected two input terminals of 90 ° of optical mixer units, and two output ends of 90 ° of optical mixer units connect respectively
It is connected to the first balance optical detector and the second balance optical detector, the second output terminal of described two couplers is connected with third and puts down
Weigh optical detector, and the second output terminal of described two couplers is separately connected two inputs of the third balance optical detector
End；The input terminal of the polarization beam apparatus connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator, and described first balances the defeated of optical detector
The output end that outlet, the output end of the second balance optical detector, the third balance optical detector is all connected with the number
Oscillograph.
Further, the line pulse polarization state receiver includes coupler, 0 ° of line analyzer, 45 ° of line analyzers, right sides
Rounding analyzer, balance optical detector；Three output ends of the coupler are separately connected 0 ° of line analyzer, 45 ° described
The input terminal of line analyzer and dextrorotation circle analyzer, 0 ° of line analyzer, 45 ° of line analyzers and dextrorotation circle
The output end of analyzer is separately connected there are one optical detector is balanced, and the output end of three balance optical detectors is all connected with institute
Digital oscilloscope is stated, the input terminal of the coupler connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator.
A method of it is tested and assessed to optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic using system as described above, including such as
Lower step：
Adjustment inputs the polarization of the polarization state and the testing fiber sensing ring of the optical signal of the testing fiber sensing ring
Eigenstate is consistent, using the optical signal consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring as test optical signal input；
The reflected light signal is acquired by the line pulse polarization state receiver and the digital oscilloscope along longitudinal direction
The complete polarization state Stokes vector S of distribution；
Along the polarization modes coupling coefficient of testing fiber sensing ring genesis analysis and disappeared according to Stokes vector calculating
Light ratio.
Further, the adjustment input the polarization state of the test optical signal of the testing fiber sensing ring with it is described to be measured
The eigenstate of polarization of optical fiber sensing ring includes unanimously adjusting the pulse laser to continuous light output state, through the polarization
Controller modulating polarization state, and utilize the output polarization state of polarization analysis instrument observation testing fiber sensing ring so that it is controlled through polarization
The input polarization of injection testing fiber sensing ring is consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring after device modulation processed.
Further, described that the reflection is acquired by the line pulse polarization state receiver and the digital oscilloscope
The complete polarization state Stokes vector that optical signal is distributed along longitudinal direction includes, by the test optical signal through the fiber optical circulator
Enter the testing fiber sensing ring after coupling, forms reflected light signal through back rayleigh scattering, the reflected light signal returns
Second end to the fiber optical circulator enters fiber optical circulator, and the third end through the fiber optical circulator enters line pulse
Polarization state receiver.
Further, the polarization mode calculated according to the Stokes vector along testing fiber sensing ring genesis analysis
The coefficient of coup and extinction ratio include, according to the complete polarization state Stokes vector S, calculating the change of Stokes vector S
RateAccording to formulaCalculate birefringent filtersUnit vectorIndicate local polarization
The direction of main shaft, size | B | be the rate that polarization state is rotated around polarization principal axis, i.e., the birefringent size under the main shaft；According to
FormulaCalculate mode coupling coefficient k.
Further, it according to the Stokes vector relationship of three adjacent test points on the testing fiber sensing ring, adopts
The birefringent filters B is calculated with the method for 3 quaternary numbers.
Further, according to the birefringent filters B in poincare sphereTwo axis carry out projection and calculate the mould coupling
Close coefficient k.
The present invention realizes that the principle of the polarization modes coupling distributed measurement of optical fiber sensing ring is as follows：
Because Stokes vector S rotates in poincare sphere, radius vector is 1 always, therefore its change rateWith
Current Stokes vector is vertical, to have
WhereinIts direction (unit vector) be local polarization principal axis direction, size | B | be polarization state around inclined
The rate of the main shaft that shakes rotation, i.e., the birefringent size under the main shaft.When the influence for considering that polarization modes coupling transmits polarization state
When, B should include polarization modes coupling coefficient, we export the transmission of B and two vertical polarization mould using the method for quaternary number below
Constant difference Δ β=β+-β-Relationship between their mode coupling coefficient k.
When ignoring polarization maintaining optical fibre loss, two orthogonal polarisation states (including linear polarization keeps two cross lines in optical fiber inclined
Polarization state and elliptical polarization keep two orthogonal elliptical polarization states in optical fiber) between coupling, can theoretically be written as
Respectively two orthogonal eigenstates project to the electric field component in local poincare sphere, and β+, β-is respectively
The transmission of two orthogonal eigenstates, k are the coefficient of coup between them, and z is the length along optical fiber longitudinal direction.
When formula (2) is expressed as the form of Jones vector, it is
Formula (3) is expressed as to the form [32] of quaternary number, is
Wherein quaternary number(being indicated with English quirk Edwardian Script ITC, similarly hereinafter) is Jones vector
Corresponding quaternary number,It is Jones matrixCorresponding quaternary number, since Jones matrix can be decomposed into
The wherein average transmission constant of fast and slow axisTransmission difference Δ β=β+-β-, Jones matrix can be obtained
Corresponding quaternary number is
Therefore
Wherein,It isHermitian transposition.Due to Stokes quaternary numberTherefore
(7) are substituted into (8), can be obtained
Enable Stokes quaternary numberWherein s0It is scalar component, S is vector section, substitutes into (9), can obtain
Compare (11) and (1), can obtain
Therefore, as long as measuring B pairsTwo axial projections, so that it may with obtain two orthogonal eigenstates transmission difference Δ β and
Polarization modes coupling coefficient k.
Method based on 3 quaternary numbers, it is only necessary to know that the Stokes vector of certain three consecutive points of segment optical fiber,
To calculate B pairsTwo axial projections are to get to the transmission difference Δ β and polarization modes coupling coefficient k of the segment optical fiber.In addition,
The polarization state quaternary number of adjacent 3 points A, B, C for being detected in the present system from optical fiber beginning
Between rotation angle and detect in A pointsBetween rotation angle it is identical, therefore in nation
S in ball addingout(A)、Sout(B)、Sout(C) variation relation between and SA(A)、SA(B)、SA(C) variation relation between is one
It causes.Therefore, in the present system, the corresponding Stokes vector S in tri- positions A, B, C obtained by calculating optical fiber beginningout
(A)、Sout(B)、Sout(C), the polarization modes coupling coefficient k being calculated according to (12) formula, can describe A, B, C it is adjacent 3 points it
Between polarization modes coupling.
Advantageous effect of the present invention：Suitable for measuring the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling of high quality, it is dry to make up existing white light
Relate to technology measure optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling precision it is not high and be not suitable for elliptical polarization keep optical fiber deficiency,
In addition, can be used for measuring polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling caused by extraneous factor (such as stress, bending, vibrations etc.), realize a variety of
The distributed measurement of parameter.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, others are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is pulse laser in the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention
Structure diagram.
Fig. 3 is inclined for line pulse in the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The structure diagram of polarization state receiver.
Fig. 4 is inclined for line pulse in the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The structure diagram of polarization state receiver.
Fig. 5 is the corresponding Rayleigh scattering light work(of Stokes vectors three components S1, S2 and S3 described in the embodiment of the present invention
Genesis analysis figure of the rate along optical fiber sensing ring.
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention described in slave optical fiber sensing ring forward and reverse measurement obtain along optical fiber sensing ring
Genesis analysis polarization modes coupling curve graph.
Fig. 7 is to measure the polarization state for obtaining position A (a) and E (b) in Pa'anga through being repeated several times described in the embodiment of the present invention
Distribution map on ball.
Wherein：100- sending modules；200- receiving modules；300- computing modules；110- pulse lasers；120- polarization controls
Device processed；130- fiber optical circulators；400- testing fiber sensing rings；210- line pulse polarization state receivers；220- number oscillographys
Device；500- polarization analysis instrument；The continuous light laser in the narrowbands 111-；112- lithium niobate modulators；113- programmable pulses coding hair
Raw device；114- modulator drivers；115- fiber amplifiers；116- optical filters；211- polarization beam apparatus；212- couplers；
213-90 ° of optical mixer unit；214- first balances optical detector；215- second balances optical detector；216- thirds balance optical detection
Device；211a- couplers；212a-0 ° of line analyzer；213a-45 ° of line analyzer；Analyzer is justified in 214a- dextrorotation；215a- balances light
Detector.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
It refers to there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that presence or addition to take leave " comprising "
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element and/or their group.It should be understood that " connection " used herein
Or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling, the wording "and/or" used include one or more associated list
Any cell of item and all combination.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or the meaning of too formal be explained.
It is of the invention for ease of understanding, explanation is further explained to the present invention with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and
Specific embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is this
The structure diagram of pulse laser, Fig. 3 are in optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in inventive embodiments
The knot of line pulse polarization state receiver in optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Structure block diagram, Fig. 4 polarize for line pulse in the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 2
The structure diagram of state receiver, Fig. 5 are that Stokes vectors three components S1, S2 and S3 described in the embodiment of the present invention are corresponding auspicious
Profit scattering luminous power along optical fiber sensing ring genesis analysis figure, Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention described in slave optical fiber sensing ring just
To the polarization modes coupling curve graph of the genesis analysis along optical fiber sensing ring obtained with reverse measuremenet, Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the present invention
Described obtains distribution map of the polarization state of position A (a) and E (b) in poincare sphere through measurement is repeated several times.
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that attached drawing is the schematic diagram of embodiment, the component in attached drawing is not necessarily
Implement necessary to the present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of test and appraisal of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic is
System, including sending module 100, receiving module 200, computing module 300,
The sending module 100 includes sequentially connected pulse laser 110, Polarization Controller 120, fiber optical circulator
130, the output end of the pulse laser 110 connects the input terminal of the Polarization Controller 120, the Polarization Controller 120
Output end connect the first end of the fiber optical circulator 130, the second end of the fiber optical circulator 130 connects the light to be measured
The test beginning of fine sensing ring 400；
The receiving module 200 includes line pulse polarization state receiver 210, digital oscilloscope 220, the line pulse
The first input end of polarization state receiver 210 connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130, and the line pulse polarization state connects
The output end for receiving device 210 connects the input terminal of the digital oscilloscope 220, and the output end of the digital oscilloscope 220 connects institute
State computing module 300；
The test end of the testing fiber sensing ring 400 is connected with polarization analysis instrument 500.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the pulse laser 110 include the continuous light laser 111 in narrowband,
Lithium niobate modulator 112, programmable pulse code generator 113, modulator driver 114, fiber amplifier 115 and light filtering
Device 116；The continuous light laser in the narrowband 111 connects the first input end of the lithium niobate modulator 112, the lithium niobate tune
The input terminal of the output end connection fiber amplifier 115 of device 112 processed, the output end of the fiber amplifier 115 connect the light
The output end of the input terminal of filter 116, the optical filter 116 connects the Polarization Controller 120；The programmable pulse
The output end of code generator 113 connects the input terminal of the modulator driver 114, the modulator driver 114 it is defeated
Outlet connects the second input terminal of the lithium niobate modulator 112.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the line pulse polarization state receiver 210 includes polarization beam apparatus
211,212,90 ° of coupler optical mixer unit 213,3 balance optical detector 214,215,216；The polarization beam apparatus 211 it is defeated
There are two the coupler 212, the first output ends of described two couplers 212 to be separately connected 90 ° of light and mix for outlet connection
Two output ends of two input terminals of frequency device 213,90 ° of optical mixer units 213 are connected separately with the first balance optical detector
214 and second balance optical detector 215, and the second output terminal of described two couplers 212 is connected with third balance optical detector
216, the second output terminal of described two couplers 212 is separately connected two input terminals of the third balance optical detector 216；
The input terminal of the polarization beam apparatus 211 connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130, the first balance optical detector
214 output end, the output end of the second balance optical detector 215, the output end of third balance optical detector 216 are equal
Connect the digital oscilloscope 220.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the line pulse polarization state receiver 210 include coupler 211a,
0 ° of line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a, dextrorotation circle analyzer 214a, balance optical detector 215a；The coupler
Three output ends of 211a are separately connected 0 ° of line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a and dextrorotation circle inspection
The input terminal of inclined device 214a, 0 ° of line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a and dextrorotation circle analyzer 214a
Output end be separately connected there are one optical detector 215a is balanced, the output end of three balance optical detectors 215a is all connected with
The input terminal of the digital oscilloscope 220, the coupler 211a connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130.
As shown in Figures 5 to 7, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of utilization system as described above and is polarized to fiber optic loop
The method that mode coupling characteristic is tested and assessed, includes the following steps：
Adjustment inputs the polarization state and the testing fiber sensing ring 400 of the optical signal of the testing fiber sensing ring 400
Eigenstate of polarization it is consistent, using the optical signal consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of the testing fiber sensing ring 400 as test light
Signal inputs；
The reflected light signal is acquired by the line pulse polarization state receiver 210 and the digital oscilloscope 220
The complete polarization state Stokes vector S being distributed along longitudinal direction；
According to the Stokes vector calculate along 400 genesis analysis of testing fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling coefficient and
Extinction ratio.
In embodiment of the method for the present invention, the adjustment inputs the test light of the testing fiber sensing ring 400
The polarization state of signal consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of the testing fiber sensing ring 400 includes adjusting the pulse laser 110
To continuous light output state, through 120 modulating polarization state of the Polarization Controller, and light to be measured is observed using polarization analysis instrument 500
The output polarization state of fine sensing ring 400 so that the input of injection testing fiber sensing ring 400 after the modulation of Polarization Controller 120
Polarization state is consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring 400.
It is described by the line pulse polarization state receiver 210 and described in embodiment of the method for the present invention
Digital oscilloscope 220 acquires the complete polarization state Stokes vector that the reflected light signal is distributed along longitudinal direction, will be described
It tests optical signal and enters the testing fiber sensing ring 400 after the coupling of the fiber optical circulator 130, through back rayleigh scattering shape
At reflected light signal, the second end of the reflected light signal back to the fiber optical circulator 130 enters fiber optical circulator
130, the third end through the fiber optical circulator 130 enters line pulse polarization state receiver 210.
It is described to be calculated along testing fiber sensitivity according to the Stokes vector in embodiment of the method for the present invention
The polarization modes coupling coefficient and extinction ratio of 400 genesis analysis of ring include, according to the complete polarization state Stokes vector S, meter
Calculate the change rate of Stokes vector SAccording to formulaCalculate birefringent filters
Unit vectorIndicate the direction of local polarization principal axis, size | B | it is the rate that polarization state is rotated around polarization principal axis, i.e., in the master
Birefringent size under axis；According to formulaCalculate mode coupling coefficient k.
In embodiment of the method for the present invention, according to three adjacent test points on the testing fiber sensing ring 400
Stokes vector relationship, the birefringent filters B is calculated using the method for 3 quaternary numbers.
In embodiment of the method for the present invention, according to the birefringent filters B in poincare sphereTwo axis into
Row projection calculates the mode coupling coefficient k.
Embodiment 1
A kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 1, including sending module
100, receiving module 200, computing module 300,
The sending module 100 includes sequentially connected pulse laser 110, Polarization Controller 120, fiber optical circulator
130, the output end of the pulse laser 110 connects the input terminal of the Polarization Controller 120, the Polarization Controller 120
Output end connect the first end of the fiber optical circulator 130, the second end of the fiber optical circulator 130 connects the light to be measured
The test beginning of fine sensing ring 400；
The receiving module 200 includes line pulse polarization state receiver 210, digital oscilloscope 220, the line pulse
The first input end of polarization state receiver 210 connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130, and the line pulse polarization state connects
The output end for receiving device 210 connects the input terminal of the digital oscilloscope 220, and the output end of the digital oscilloscope 220 connects institute
State computing module 300；
The test end of the testing fiber sensing ring 400 is connected with polarization analysis instrument 500.
As shown in Fig. 2, the pulse laser 110 described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 includes the continuous light laser 111 in narrowband, niobium
Sour lithium modulator 112, programmable pulse code generator 113, modulator driver 114, fiber amplifier 115 and optical filter
116；The continuous light laser in the narrowband 111 connects the first input end of the lithium niobate modulator 112, the lithium niobate modulation
The output end of the input terminal of the output end connection fiber amplifier 115 of device 112, the fiber amplifier 115 connects the light filter
The output end of the input terminal of wave device 116, the optical filter 116 connects the Polarization Controller 120；The programmable pulse is compiled
The output end of code generator 113 connects the input terminal of the modulator driver 114, the output of the modulator driver 114
End connects the second input terminal of the lithium niobate modulator 112.
The switching of continuous light and pulsed light can be realized by pulse laser 110 as shown in Figure 2.When emitting continuous light,
Continuous light enters testing fiber sensing ring 400 through 120 modulating polarization state of Polarization Controller by the second end of fiber optic loop 130, even
Continuous light enters polarization analysis instrument 500 by the test end of testing fiber sensing ring 400, by the observation of polarization analysis instrument 500 through inclined
Shake 120 modulating polarization state of controller, and the output polarization state of 500 observation testing fiber sensing ring 400 of utilization polarization analysis instrument, makes
It is sensitive with testing fiber to obtain the continuous polarization state of input of injection testing fiber sensing ring 400 after the modulation of Polarization Controller 120
The eigenstate of polarization of ring 400 is consistent.Emit pulsed light, the polarization control after pulsed optical signals are adjusted using pulse laser 110
Testing fiber sensing ring 400 is entered by the second end of fiber optic loop 130 as test signal after the modulation of device 120 processed, through testing fiber
Reflected light signal is formed after 400 Rayleigh scattering of sensing ring, reflected light signal enters receiving module by the third end of fiber optic loop 130
200, further complete coupled characteristic test and appraisal.
As shown in figure 3, the line pulse polarization state receiver 210 includes polarization beam apparatus 211,212,90 ° of coupler
213,3 balance optical detectors 214,215,216 of optical mixer unit；There are two institutes for the output end connection of the polarization beam apparatus 211
Coupler 212 is stated, the first output end of described two couplers 212 is separately connected two inputs of 90 ° of optical mixer units 213
End, two output ends of 90 ° of optical mixer units 213 are connected separately with the first balance optical detector 214 and second balance light and visit
Device 215 is surveyed, the second output terminal of described two couplers 212 is connected with third balance optical detector 216, described two couplers
212 second output terminal is separately connected two input terminals of the third balance optical detector 216；The polarization beam apparatus 211
Input terminal connect the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130, the output end of the first balance optical detector 214, described the
The output end of two balance optical detectors 215, the output end of third balance optical detector 216 are all connected with the digital oscilloscope
220。
Embodiment 2
A kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system described in the embodiment of the present invention 2, including sending module
100, receiving module 200, computing module 300,
The sending module 100 includes sequentially connected pulse laser 110, Polarization Controller 120, fiber optical circulator
130, the output end of the pulse laser 110 connects the input terminal of the Polarization Controller 120, the Polarization Controller 120
Output end connect the first end of the fiber optical circulator 130, the second end of the fiber optical circulator 130 connects the light to be measured
The test beginning of fine sensing ring 400；
The receiving module 200 includes line pulse polarization state receiver 210, digital oscilloscope 220, the line pulse
The first input end of polarization state receiver 210 connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130, and the line pulse polarization state connects
The output end for receiving device 210 connects the input terminal of the digital oscilloscope 220, and the output end of the digital oscilloscope 220 connects institute
State computing module 300；
The test end of the testing fiber sensing ring 400 is connected with polarization analysis instrument 500.
As shown in Fig. 2, the pulse laser 110 described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 includes the continuous light laser 111 in narrowband, niobium
Sour lithium modulator 112, programmable pulse code generator 113, modulator driver 114, fiber amplifier 115 and optical filter
116；The continuous light laser in the narrowband 111 connects the first input end of the lithium niobate modulator 112, the lithium niobate modulation
The output end of the input terminal of the output end connection fiber amplifier 115 of device 112, the fiber amplifier 115 connects the light filter
The output end of the input terminal of wave device 116, the optical filter 116 connects the Polarization Controller 120；The programmable pulse is compiled
The output end of code generator 113 connects the input terminal of the modulator driver 114, the output of the modulator driver 114
End connects the second input terminal of the lithium niobate modulator 112.
The switching of continuous light and pulsed light can be realized by pulse laser 110 as shown in Figure 2.When emitting continuous light,
Continuous light enters testing fiber sensing ring 400 through 120 modulating polarization state of Polarization Controller by the second end of fiber optic loop 130, even
Continuous light enters polarization analysis instrument 500 by the test end of testing fiber sensing ring 400, by the observation of polarization analysis instrument 500 through inclined
Shake 120 modulating polarization state of controller, and the output polarization state of 500 observation testing fiber sensing ring 400 of utilization polarization analysis instrument, makes
It is sensitive with testing fiber to obtain the continuous polarization state of input of injection testing fiber sensing ring 400 after the modulation of Polarization Controller 120
The eigenstate of polarization of ring 400 is consistent.Emit pulsed light, the polarization control after pulsed optical signals are adjusted using pulse laser 110
Testing fiber sensing ring 400 is entered by the second end of fiber optic loop 130 as test signal after the modulation of device 120 processed, through testing fiber
Reflected light signal is formed after 400 Rayleigh scattering of sensing ring, reflected light signal enters receiving module by the third end of fiber optic loop 130
200, further complete coupled characteristic test and appraisal.
As shown in figure 4, line pulse polarization state receiver 210 described in the embodiment of the present invention 2 include coupler 211a, 0 °
Line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a, dextrorotation circle analyzer 214a, balance optical detector 215a；The coupler 211a
Three output ends be separately connected 0 ° of line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a and the dextrorotation circle analyzer
The input terminal of 214a, 0 ° of line analyzer 212a, 45 ° of line analyzer 213a and dextrorotation circle analyzer 214a's is defeated
Outlet be separately connected there are one the output end of balance optical detector 215a, three balance optical detectors 215a be all connected with it is described
The input terminal of digital oscilloscope 220, the coupler 211a connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator 130.
As shown in figure 5, polarization state Stokes vectors three components S1, S2 of the acquisition of the digital oscilloscope 220 and S3 pairs
Genesis analysis of the Rayleigh scattering luminous power answered along optical fiber sensing ring.It is calculated and is can get along the longitudinal direction of optical fiber sensing ring using algorithm
The complete polarization state information of distribution.
Fig. 6 be respectively from the forward and reverse of optical fiber sensing ring measure, by Matlab algorithms be calculated along optical fiber
The polarization modes coupling curve of the genesis analysis of sensing ring；It can be seen that this two curves are almost the same, optical fiber sensing ring A,
B, the position detection of C and D goes out the larger polarization modes coupling that compares, and in the polarization modes coupling very little of position E.
Fig. 7 be repeated several times to measure distribution of the polarization state in poincare sphere for obtaining two different locations, wherein (a) and
(b) optical fiber sensitivity ring position A and E shown in difference corresponding diagram 6.It can be seen that the polarization modes coupling of position A is larger, lead to polarization state
Deviate polarization principal axis [1,0,0] to be distributed；And the polarization modes coupling of position B is smaller, polarization state integrated distribution in polarization principal axis [1,
0,0]。
The present invention realizes that the principle of the polarization modes coupling distributed measurement of optical fiber sensing ring is as follows：
Because Stokes vector S rotates in poincare sphere, radius vector is 1 always, therefore its change rateWith
Current Stokes vector is vertical, to have
WhereinIts direction (unit vector) be local polarization principal axis direction, size | B | be polarization state around
The rate of polarization principal axis rotation, i.e., the birefringent size under the main shaft.When the shadow for considering that polarization modes coupling transmits polarization state
When ringing, B should include polarization modes coupling coefficient, we export the biography of B and two vertical polarization mould using the method for quaternary number below
Defeated constant difference Δ β=β+-β_Relationship between their mode coupling coefficient k.
When ignoring polarization maintaining optical fibre loss, two orthogonal polarisation states (including linear polarization keeps two cross lines in optical fiber inclined
Polarization state and elliptical polarization keep two orthogonal elliptical polarization states in optical fiber) between coupling, can theoretically be written as
Respectively two orthogonal eigenstates project to the electric field component in local poincare sphere, and β+, β _ be respectively
The transmission of two orthogonal eigenstates, k are the coefficient of coup between them, and z is the length along optical fiber longitudinal direction.
When formula (2) is expressed as the form of Jones vector, it is
Formula (3) is expressed as to the form [32] of quaternary number, is
Wherein quaternary number(being indicated with English quirk Edwardian Script ITC, similarly hereinafter) is Jones vector
Corresponding quaternary number,It is Jones matrixCorresponding quaternary number, since Jones matrix can be decomposed into
The wherein average transmission constant of fast and slow axisTransmission difference Δ β=β+-β_, Jones matrix can be obtained
Corresponding quaternary number is
Therefore
Wherein,It isHermitian transposition.Due to Stokes quaternary numberTherefore
(7) are substituted into (8), can be obtained
Enable Stokes quaternary numberWherein s0It is scalar component, S is vector section, substitutes into (9), can obtain
Compare (11) and (1), can obtain
Therefore, as long as measuring B pairsTwo axial projections, so that it may with obtain two orthogonal eigenstates transmission difference Δ β and
Polarization modes coupling coefficient k.
Method based on 3 quaternary numbers, it is only necessary to know that the Stokes vector of certain three consecutive points of segment optical fiber,
To calculate B pairsTwo axial projections are to get to the transmission difference Δ β and polarization modes coupling coefficient k of the segment optical fiber.In addition,
The polarization state quaternary number of adjacent 3 points A, B, C for being detected in the present system from optical fiber beginning
Between rotation angle and detect in A pointsBetween rotation angle it is identical, therefore in nation
S in ball addingout(A)、Sout(B)、Sout(C) variation relation between and SA(A)、SA(B)、SA(C) variation relation between is one
It causes.Therefore, in the present system, the corresponding Stokes vector S in tri- positions A, B, C obtained by calculating optical fiber beginningout
(A)、Sout(B)、Sout(C), the polarization modes coupling coefficient k being calculated according to (12) formula, can describe A, B, C it is adjacent 3 points it
Between polarization modes coupling.
Show that this detection method has very high repeatability by 4000 repetition experiments, measures spatial resolution and reach
To 1 meter.In addition, experiment shows that the detection method is equally applicable to measurement extraneous factor (such as stress, bending, vibrations etc.) and causes
Polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling, realize the distributed measurement of different kinds of parameters.
In conclusion the present invention can be used to measure the optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling of high quality, it is dry to make up existing white light
Relate to technology measure optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling precision it is not high and be not suitable for elliptical polarization keep optical fiber deficiency,
In addition, can be used for measuring polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization modes coupling caused by extraneous factor (such as stress, bending, vibrations etc.), realize a variety of
The distributed measurement of parameter.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：The component in device in the embodiment of the present invention can be according to embodiment
Description be distributed in the device of embodiment, respective change can also be carried out and be located at one or more dresses different from the present embodiment
In setting.The component of above-described embodiment can be merged into a component, can also be further split into multiple subassemblies.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system, including sending module (100), receiving module (200), meter
Calculate module (300), which is characterized in that
The sending module (100) includes sequentially connected pulse laser (110), Polarization Controller (120), fiber optical circulator
(130), the output end of the pulse laser (110) connects the input terminal of the Polarization Controller (120), the Polarization Control
The output end of device (120) connects the first end of the fiber optical circulator (130), and the second end of the fiber optical circulator (130) connects
Connect the test beginning of the testing fiber sensing ring (400)；
The receiving module (200) includes line pulse polarization state receiver (210), digital oscilloscope (220), the online arteries and veins
The first input end for rushing polarization state receiver (210) connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator (130), and the line pulse is inclined
The output end of polarization state receiver (210) connects the input terminal of the digital oscilloscope (220), the digital oscilloscope (220)
Output end connects the computing module (300)；
The test end of the testing fiber sensing ring (400) is connected with polarization analysis instrument (500).
2. optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pulse
Laser (110) includes the continuous light laser in narrowband (111), lithium niobate modulator (112), programmable pulse code generator
(113), modulator driver (114), fiber amplifier (115) and optical filter (116)；The continuous light laser in narrowband
(111) first input end of the lithium niobate modulator (112), the output end connection of the lithium niobate modulator (112) are connected
The output end of the input terminal of fiber amplifier (115), the fiber amplifier (115) connects the defeated of the optical filter (116)
Enter end, the output end of the optical filter (116) connects the Polarization Controller (120)；The programmable pulse coding occurs
The output end of device (113) connects the input terminal of the modulator driver (114), the output of the modulator driver (114)
End connects the second input terminal of the lithium niobate modulator (112).
3. optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described online
Pulse polarization state receiver (210) includes polarization beam apparatus (211), coupler (212), 90 ° of optical mixer units (213), 3 balances
Optical detector (214,215,216)；There are two the coupler (212), institutes for the output end connection of the polarization beam apparatus (211)
The first output end for stating two couplers (212) is separately connected two input terminals of 90 ° of optical mixer units (213), described 90 °
Two output ends of optical mixer unit (213) are connected separately with the first balance optical detector (214) and the second balance optical detector
(215), the second output terminal of described two couplers (212) is connected with third balance optical detector (216), described two couplings
The second output terminal of device (212) is separately connected two input terminals of the third balance optical detector (216)；The polarization beam splitting
The input terminal of device (211) connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator (130), and described first balances the defeated of optical detector (214)
The output end that outlet, the output end of the second balance optical detector (215), the third balance optical detector (216) connects
Connect the digital oscilloscope (220).
4. optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic evaluation system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described online
Pulse polarization state receiver (210) includes coupler (211a), 0 ° of line analyzer (212a), 45 ° of line analyzers (213a), dextrorotation
Circle analyzer (214a), balance optical detector (215a)；Three output ends of the coupler (211a) are separately connected described 0 °
The input terminal of analyzer (214a), 0 ° of line are justified in line analyzer (212a), 45 ° of line analyzers (213a) and the dextrorotation
The output end of analyzer (212a), 45 ° of line analyzers (213a) and dextrorotation circle analyzer (214a) is connected separately with
The output end of one balance optical detector (215a), three balance optical detectors (215a) is all connected with the digital oscilloscope
(220), the input terminal of the coupler (211a) connects the third end of the fiber optical circulator (130).
5. a kind of test and assess to optical fiber sensing ring polarization modes coupling characteristic using system according to any one of claims 1-4
Method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Adjustment inputs the polarization state of the optical signal of the testing fiber sensing ring (400) and the testing fiber sensing ring (400)
Eigenstate of polarization it is consistent, optical signal that will be consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring (400) is as test
Optical signal inputs；
The reflected light signal is acquired by the line pulse polarization state receiver (210) and the digital oscilloscope (220)
The complete polarization state Stokes vector S being distributed along longitudinal direction；
Along the polarization modes coupling coefficient of testing fiber sensing ring (400) genesis analysis and disappeared according to Stokes vector calculating
Light ratio.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the adjustment inputs the testing fiber sensing ring (400)
Test optical signal polarization state it is consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring (400) include adjusting the arteries and veins
It rushes laser (110) and arrives continuous light output state, through the Polarization Controller (120) modulating polarization state, and utilize polarization analysis
Instrument (500) observes the output polarization state of testing fiber sensing ring (400) so that injects and waits for after Polarization Controller (120) modulation
The input polarization for surveying optical fiber sensing ring (400) is consistent with the eigenstate of polarization of testing fiber sensing ring (400).
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described pass through the line pulse polarization state receiver
(210) and the digital oscilloscope (220) acquires the complete polarization state Stokes arrow that the reflected light signal is distributed along longitudinal direction
Amount includes：The test optical signal is entered into the testing fiber sensing ring after the fiber optical circulator (130) coupling
(400), reflected light signal is formed through back rayleigh scattering, the reflected light signal returns to the fiber optical circulator (130)
Second end enters fiber optical circulator (130), and the third end through the fiber optical circulator (130) enters line pulse polarization state and connects
Receive device (210).
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described calculate according to the Stokes vector along to be measured
The polarization modes coupling coefficient and extinction ratio of optical fiber sensing ring (400) genesis analysis include：
According to the complete polarization state Stokes vector S, the change rate of Stokes vector S is calculated
According to formulaCalculate birefringent filtersUnit vectorIndicate local polarization principal axis
Direction, size | B | be the rate that polarization state is rotated around polarization principal axis, i.e., the birefringent size under the main shaft；
According to formulaCalculate mode coupling coefficient k.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, according to upper three phases of the testing fiber sensing ring (400)
The Stokes vector relationship of adjacent test point calculates the birefringent filters B using the method for 3 quaternary numbers.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, according to the birefringent filters B in poincare sphereTwo axis carry out projection and calculate the mode coupling coefficient k.
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