CN108282034B - Wireless charging method of solar cell array suitable for laser charging - Google Patents

Wireless charging method of solar cell array suitable for laser charging Download PDF

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CN108282034B
CN108282034B CN201810062442.7A CN201810062442A CN108282034B CN 108282034 B CN108282034 B CN 108282034B CN 201810062442 A CN201810062442 A CN 201810062442A CN 108282034 B CN108282034 B CN 108282034B
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solar cell
cell array
laser
battery
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CN108282034A (en
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陆健
王程民
李广济
张宏超
周广龙
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/30Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using light, e.g. lasers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless charging method of a solar cell array suitable for laser charging, which combines the requirements of users according to the power generation condition of solar cells forming the solar cell array. The invention automatically selects the battery pieces with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency to dynamically combine and output power according to three different conditions of voltage requirement, current requirement and maximum power requirement. The solar cell panel has the greatest advantages that circuits can be flexibly formed according to different photovoltaic power generation conditions of the solar cell panel and user requirements, and efficiency is maximized.

Description

Wireless charging method of solar cell array suitable for laser charging
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar cell technology, in particular to a wireless charging method of a solar cell array suitable for laser charging.
Background
Currently, wireless power transmission is mainly classified into three categories: electromagnetic induction, magnetic coupling resonance, microwave or laser. The electromagnetic induction type carries out energy exchange through two separated coils, and when current is generated in one coil and an electromagnetic field is excited, the adjacent coil generates induced electromotive force. In this way, the transmission of electrical energy has the disadvantage of being too close in transmission distance. But the technology is mature, and the mobile phone is multipurpose at present on the wireless charging of the mobile phone. According to the magnetic coupling resonance principle, the magnetic coupling resonance mode can realize the wireless power transmission of medium distance. The transmission distance and power are much larger than those of an electromagnetic induction type, but because the transmitting end and the receiving end are both provided with antennas, the structure is more complex, and certain electromagnetic radiation exists. The transmission efficiency, stability and safety of the device all have a series of problems, and the device is still in the laboratory research stage at present. The laser charging power transmission method has the advantages of long transmission distance, high transmission efficiency, small receiving device, suitability for small electronic equipment and the like, and has unique application value in remote power transmission of micro aircrafts, micro satellites, spacecrafts and the like.
According to a traditional solar photovoltaic system, the solar radiation can be more effectively absorbed by adopting a cell array. However, in the situation of laser charging, because the laser focusing point is very small, even after beam expansion, the diameter of the light spot is only in the order of centimeters, so that the size of the solar cell panel placed on a moving object is required. It is necessary to design a suitable solar cell array to obtain laser energy while reducing the power loss due to the portion of the cell that is not illuminated.
Chinese patent 201521019281.1 discloses a "high density solar module" which is designed by arranging solar cell arrays; artificially dividing a plurality of regions, each of the plurality of regions being connected in series with each other; each zone is subdivided into photovoltaic strings, each photovoltaic string of the plurality of photovoltaic strings being connected in parallel with each other; thus disposed on each region of the solar cell. Although the area of the cell for receiving the light energy is increased by the division, the photovoltaic region, the photovoltaic string and the like are artificially divided, so that the solar cell can be used under the condition of uniform irradiation of sunlight; however, in the case of laser irradiation with a much smaller irradiation area, the divided area is fixed and cannot be automatically adjusted, and energy loss due to uneven irradiation still occurs.
Chinese patent 201610787613.3 discloses a circuit design of GaAs solar cell array, which is to arrange GaAs solar cells in an array shape in order, and to provide 5 independent GaAs solar cell series arrays on an area of 103.3mm × 95.9.9 mm and to output respective voltage and current when receiving light energy, respectively, so as to avoid the efficiency reduction of the GaAs solar cell array assembly under the condition of non-uniform light spot, and to make each group of cell arrays not affected each other under different light powers, thereby effectively exerting the efficiency, but the method also has the following disadvantages that (1) the efficiency of the single independent solar cell under non-uniform illumination is not considered, (2) the 5 cells in the design are connected in series, the size and the size are not consistent, the internal resistance is also inconsistent, the efficiency is not affected, and the loss is generated, (3) the basic control circuit is not involved, only a physical cell array arrangement diagram is designed, and the method has no practical feasibility.
Chinese patent 201521049675.1 discloses a fixed wing solar powered aircraft, which is a fixed wing solar powered aircraft, comprising: the solar energy-saving airplane is connected to two sides of the middle section of the airplane body in a high aspect ratio straight wing mode, and a monocrystalline silicon solar cell array is covered on the upper surface of the middle section of the airplane body; the upper surface of the horizontal stabilizing surface of the rear wing is covered with a monocrystalline silicon solar cell array; a propeller for driving the airplane to move. Through the monocrystalline silicon solar cell array, solar energy is converted into electric energy to be used as a power source for airplane flight, so that a power system of the airplane can continuously work, and long-time flight in the air is realized. However, the method has the following disadvantages: (1) the problem of matching battery power with aircraft power requirements is not considered; (2) cell efficiency and the series-parallel relationship between cells of the array are not considered; (3) the method directly uses sunlight to irradiate the cell array to obtain electric energy without any control circuit design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless charging method of a solar cell array suitable for laser charging, which adopts a cell array formed by m × n solar cells as a device for absorbing and converting laser energy, has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, controls a laser beam to be directed at the solar cell array through a holder, and automatically selects the cell with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency to dynamically combine according to the power generation condition of each formed solar cell array and the requirements of users.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a wireless charging method for a solar cell array suitable for laser charging comprises the following steps:
step 1, building a laser charged solar cell array:
the laser-charged solar cell array comprises a laser, a first focusing lens, a beam expanding lens, an adjustable diaphragm, a holder and a solar cell array; the first focusing lens, the second focusing lens and the diaphragm are arranged on a common optical axis and fixed on the holder, and the solar cell array is fixed on an object positioned outside the holder;
step 2, under the control of the holder, aligning the light beam emitted by the laser to the solar cell array beyond a certain distance through focusing and expanding;
step 3, when the object is moved, the solar cell array on the object moves along with the object, and the pan-tilt is controlled to follow and aim;
step 4, numbering each cell of the solar cell array, wherein the numbering matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0001555057840000031
where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns αmnRepresenting the physical position number of each battery piece on the battery array;
step 5, respectively detecting the open-circuit voltage of each battery piece, sequencing the battery pieces according to the open-circuit voltage, and forming an open-circuit voltage value matrix according to the format of a battery piece number matrix by sequencing results:
Figure BDA0001555057840000032
among them are:
β11≥β12≥…≥β1n≥…≥β2n≥…≥βmn
β thereinmnRepresenting that the open-circuit voltages of the battery pieces are sorted from large to small;
step 6, remapping the open-circuit voltage value matrix into a battery plate numbering matrix to obtain a new battery plate numbering matrix corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value matrix elements one by one:
Figure BDA0001555057840000041
meaning of character gammamnRepresenting the new serial numbers of the corresponding battery pieces after being sorted according to the open-circuit voltage values;
and 7, outputting a circuit, wherein during output, the circuit is divided into three conditions according to the requirements of users:
A. the voltage requirement is as follows: from gamma11Starting to connect in series until reaching the specified voltage or connecting all the available battery plates in series;
B. the current requirement is as follows: from gamma11Starting parallel connection until the specified current is reached or all available battery plates are connected in parallel;
C. the maximum power requirement is as follows: from gamma11Start parallel and count x until x>(m × n) × 80%, and the remaining battery cells are connected in series to the parallel circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) each cell of the cell array can be dynamically monitored, a series-parallel circuit is formed in real time according to user requirements, and each photovoltaic power generation element can be fully utilized to obtain the maximum power generation efficiency; (2) the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the use is convenient and safe; the power generation efficiency is high, and the wireless power utilization requirement of small and medium-sized electrical equipment in the industry is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser-charged solar cell array to which the present invention is applicable.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a wireless charging method of a solar cell array suitable for laser charging according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an output circuit with voltage requirements according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an output circuit with current requirements according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output circuit with maximum power requirements according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the specific structure of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking the application of charging a solar cell array as an example. The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
With reference to fig. 2, the wireless charging method for a solar cell array suitable for laser charging according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, building a laser charged solar cell array (as shown in fig. 1):
the laser-charged solar cell array comprises a laser (1), a first focusing lens (2), a beam expanding lens (3), an adjustable diaphragm (4), a holder (5) and a solar cell array (6); the first focusing lens (2), the second focusing lens (3) and the diaphragm (4) are arranged in a coaxial manner, fixed in a dovetail groove on the holder (5) and fixed, and the solar cell array (6) is fixed on an object located outside the holder (5).
The laser 1 adopts continuous-acting laser with the wavelength of 1060-1080 nm, and the output energy of the laser is adjustable from 0W to 200W; the focal length of the first focusing lens 2 is 2mm, the focal length of the second focusing lens 3 is 7mm, and the diameter of the diaphragm 4 is 1.5 mm; the focal length of the first focusing lens 2 is 2mm, the focal length of the second focusing lens 3 is 7mm, and the first focusing lens 2 receives continuous laser emitted by the continuous acting laser 1; the second focusing lens 3 expands the laser beam passing through the first focusing lens 2; then the laser beam is adjusted by the adjustable diaphragm 4, and the diameter of the light spot is adjusted to 1.5 mm. This can be adjusted in the application depending on the actual distance of the laser 1 from the solar cell array 6. The distance from the laser 1 to the solar array 6 via the adjustable diaphragm 4 is 3 meters in this example. The continuous-acting laser 1, the first focusing lens 2, the beam expanding lens 3 and the adjustable diaphragm 4 are connected in a dovetail groove of the holder 5 in a bolt mode and are positioned on the same straight line. The holder 5 is controlled by two stepping motors and can respectively do circular motion in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction around the position of the emergent light of the laser 1 as the original point, and the motion angles are respectively +/-45 degrees and +/-15 degrees. During installation, the optical elements are adjusted to ensure that all the light path elements are on the same straight line and light spots are uniformly distributed on the solar cell array.
Step 2, under the control of the holder 5, the light beam emitted by the laser 1 is focused and expanded to be directed to a solar cell array 6 beyond a certain distance;
step 3, when the object moves, the solar cell array 6 on the object moves along with the object, and the pan-tilt is controlled to follow and aim;
step 4, numbering each cell of the solar cell array 6, wherein the numbering matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0001555057840000051
where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns αmnRepresenting the physical position number of each battery piece on the battery array;
step 5, respectively detecting the open-circuit voltage of each battery piece, sequencing the battery pieces according to the open-circuit voltage, and forming an open-circuit voltage value matrix according to the format of a battery piece number matrix by sequencing results:
Figure BDA0001555057840000061
among them are:
β11≥β12≥…≥β1n≥…≥β2n≥…≥βmn
β thereinmnRepresenting that the open-circuit voltages of the battery pieces are sorted from large to small;
step 6, remapping the open-circuit voltage value matrix into a battery plate numbering matrix to obtain a new battery plate numbering matrix corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value matrix elements one by one:
Figure BDA0001555057840000062
meaning of character gammamnRepresenting the new serial numbers of the corresponding battery pieces after being sorted according to the open-circuit voltage values;
and 7, outputting a circuit, wherein during output, the circuit is divided into three conditions according to the requirements of users:
A. the voltage requirement is as follows: from gamma11Starting to connect in series until reaching the specified voltage or connecting all the available battery plates in series (as shown in figure 3);
B. the current requirement is as follows: from gamma11Starting parallel connection until a specified current is reached or all available battery plates are connected in parallel (as shown in FIG. 4);
C. the maximum power requirement is as follows: from gamma11Start parallel and count x until x>(m × n) × 80%, and the remaining cells are connected in series to the parallel circuit (as shown in fig. 5).
The output voltage of the battery cells of the series-parallel circuit needs to exceed the voltage threshold.
The voltage threshold is set in advance or changed according to actual use conditions.

Claims (3)

1. A wireless charging method for a solar cell array suitable for laser charging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, building a laser charged solar cell array:
the laser-charged solar cell array comprises a laser (1), a first focusing lens (2), a beam expanding lens (3), an adjustable diaphragm (4), a holder (5) and a solar cell array (6); the first focusing lens (2), the second focusing lens (3) and the diaphragm (4) are arranged coaxially and fixed on the holder (5), and the solar cell array (6) is fixed on an object positioned outside the holder (5);
step 2, under the control of the holder (5), the light beam emitted by the laser (1) is focused and expanded to be directed at the solar cell array (6);
step 3, when the object is moved, the solar cell array (6) on the object moves along with the object, and the pan-tilt (5) is controlled to follow and aim;
and 4, numbering each cell of the solar cell array (6), wherein the numbering matrix is as follows:
Figure FDA0001555057830000011
where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns αmnRepresenting the physical position number of each battery piece on the battery array;
step 5, respectively detecting the open-circuit voltage of each battery piece, sequencing the battery pieces according to the open-circuit voltage, and forming an open-circuit voltage value matrix according to the format of a battery piece number matrix by sequencing results:
Figure FDA0001555057830000012
among them are:
β11≥β12≥...≥β1n≥...≥β2n≥...≥βmn
β thereinmnRepresenting that the open-circuit voltages of the battery pieces are sorted from large to small;
step 6, remapping the open-circuit voltage value matrix into a battery plate numbering matrix to obtain a new battery plate numbering matrix corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value matrix elements one by one:
Figure FDA0001555057830000021
meaning of character gammamnRepresenting the new serial numbers of the corresponding battery pieces after being sorted according to the open-circuit voltage values;
and 7, outputting a circuit, wherein the output is divided into the following three conditions according to the requirements of a user:
A. when a voltage is required: from gamma11Starting to connect in series until reaching the specified voltage or connecting all the available battery plates in series;
B. when the current is required: from gamma11Starting parallel connection until the specified current is reached or all available battery plates are connected in parallel;
C. when the maximum power requirement exists: from gamma11Start parallel and count x until x>(m × n) × 80%, and the remaining battery cells are connected in series to the parallel circuit.
2. The wireless charging method for a solar cell array suitable for laser charging according to claim 1, wherein: in step 7, the output voltages of the cells connected in series to the circuit all need to exceed the voltage threshold.
3. The wireless charging method for a solar cell array suitable for laser charging according to claim 2, characterized in that: the voltage threshold is set in advance or changed according to actual use conditions.
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