CN108278184A - Impeller of wind turbine set imbalance monitoring method based on empirical mode decomposition - Google Patents
Impeller of wind turbine set imbalance monitoring method based on empirical mode decomposition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108278184A CN108278184A CN201711403287.2A CN201711403287A CN108278184A CN 108278184 A CN108278184 A CN 108278184A CN 201711403287 A CN201711403287 A CN 201711403287A CN 108278184 A CN108278184 A CN 108278184A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
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Abstract
A kind of impeller of wind turbine set monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition, includes the following steps：1) data acquisition when Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, acquires generator unit stator phase current iAWith rotating speed r；2) to the phase current i of acquisitionAEMD decomposition is carried out, the main component for including fault signature is chosen, is i.e. the 1st IMF component is denoted as IMF (1)；3) Hilbert envelope demodulations are carried out to main component IMF (1), extracts fault signature, spectrum signal if；4) i is extractedfAmplitude Q at 1 frequency multiplication of middle wheel speed and frequency multiplication1、Q2And Q3If its value is all higher than corresponding threshold value, judge that imbalance fault exists.The present invention improves the accuracy of monitoring, has certain engineering application value in the paddle imbalance detection of double-fed unit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the on-line fault diagnosis technical fields of Wind turbines, are related to a kind of wind turbine of empirical mode decomposition
Group impeller failure monitoring method.
Background technology
The running environment of Wind turbines is usually all relatively severe, blade but will the mass unbalance caused by dust storm, icing etc.,
The especially popularization and application of offshore wind farm unit and low wind speed type in recent years so that blade is increasingly longer, leaf destruction, icing
The also phenomenon of accumulated snow is more and more.So that transmission system is uneven, causes the vibration of complete machine to aggravate, accident is even resulted in when serious
Generation.
Otherness, the complexity of failure mechanism in view of different leaves, it is difficult to establish accurately diagnostic model.And
Unit operation operating mode changes at any time, ambient enviroment also real-time change so that noise is very big in acquisition signal, it is necessary to take effectively
Noise-reduction method.
The monitoring of wind power generating set paddle failure at present can by means such as video analysis, vibration monitoring, power information, but
It is that these methods are required for increasing equipment greatly, not only cost is big, but also reliability is not high, adaptability is poor.Each research in recent years
Mechanism and wind turbine manufacturer have also carried out correlative study to paddle failure problems, and disclose some patents.As " impeller is uneven
The double-fed aerogenerator stator current diagnostic method for the failure that weighs ", this method need to be through secondary derivation weight to the extraction of characteristic component
Structure stator current and secondary FFT operations, complex disposal process.A kind of for another example " uneven online event of doubly-fed wind turbine blade
Hinder diagnostic method ", it is to handle electrical power, needs collection voltages and the magnitude of current, and feasible on these theoretical methods, but
Blade, different fan operation operating modes above engineering to the wind field of different geographical, different manufacturers, adaptability are poor.
Invention content
Based on the above issues, the present invention proposes a kind of impeller of wind turbine set fault monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition,
This method is realized simply, the extraction of paddle fault signature is convenient without increasing additional equipment.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of impeller of wind turbine set fault monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition, includes the following steps：
1) data acquisition when Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, acquires generator unit stator phase current iAWith rotating speed r；
2) to the phase current i of acquisitionAEMD decomposition is carried out, the main component for including fault signature, i.e., the 1st IMF points are chosen
Amount, is denoted as IMF (1)；
3) Hilbert envelope demodulations are carried out to main component IMF (1), extracts fault signature, spectrum signal if；
4) i is extractedfAmplitude Q at 1 frequency multiplication of middle wheel speed and frequency multiplication1、Q2And Q3If its value is all higher than corresponding threshold value,
Judge that imbalance fault exists；
Further, in the step 3), Hilbert transformation is carried out to IMF (1) signal obtained after decomposition, is demodulated
Envelope signal afterwards, and average value processing is removed, obtain iC, to envelope signal iCIt carries out FFT transform and obtains envelope spectrum if；
In the step 4), from envelope spectrum if1 frequency multiplication of middle extraction wheel speed, the amplitude Q of 2 frequencys multiplication and 3 frequencys multiplication1、Q2With
Q3；
Judge Q1、Q2、Q3With the size of respective threshold, if meeting Q1>Q1_base、Q2>Q2_baseAnd Q3>Q3_base, then judge not
Balance exists, wherein Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_baseIt is obtained by statistical data.
In the present invention, when Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, the stator phase currents i of synchronous acquisition generatorAAnd generator speed
r.Further to stator phase currents iAEMD decomposition is carried out, main component is extracted.
To a large amount of i obtained among the aboveAData do EMD decomposition, obtain each IMF amounts, from the point of view of signal processing, EMD
Processing is an operation constantly from High frequency filter to low frequency filtering, embodies the filtering of multiresolution analysis, specific method
It is as follows：
Search signal iAWhole maximum and minimum point, uses cubic spline function i laterAMaximum point it is quasi-
It closes at u0, minimum point is fitted to v0, and calculate u0And v0Mean value, be denoted as m0
Use iASubtract mean value m0, obtain a new component for removing low frequency：
h0=iA-m0 (3)
It repeats the above process k times, until the h of kth time0It is IMF components, is denoted as IMF (1).
Take new component iA1=iA- IMF (1) repeats the above process [0010]-[0014], may thereby determine that other IMF,
Finally obtain remainder r0With each IMF of n (1), IMF (2) ..., IMF (n), contain the ingredient of different time scales.Above-mentioned IMF points
Amount is characterized in：Extreme point and zero passage points it is identical or it is most difference one and upper lower envelope about time shaft Local Symmetric.
And the feature of impeller failure is concentrated mainly in IMF (1) in statistical analysis, therefore it is selected subsequently to be divided for main component
Analysis.
Hilbert transformation carried out to treated stator phase currents signal IMF (1), the envelope signal after being demodulated, and
Average value processing is removed, i is obtainedC, method is as follows；
Z (t)=IMF (1)+jiA1(t)
I among the aboveA1(t) be IMF (1) Hilbert transform output valve, the two constitutes analytic signal Z (t) together.A(t)
It is the amplitude envelope of signal Z (t), average value processing is further done to it, obtains iC。
To envelope signal i among the aboveCFFT transform is carried out, spectrum signal i is obtainedf, and impeller is calculated according to generator speed r
Turn frequency f (k), k=1,2,3.
R is rotating speed average value in formula, and b is gear-box speed ratio.
According to calculating above-mentioned, the amplitude Q at each turn of frequency is extracted1、Q2、Q3。
The size for judging the feature amplitude of extraction, if meeting Q1>Q1_base、Q2>Q2_baseAnd Q3>Q3_base, then it is diagnosed to be leaf
Wheel breaks down.
Each threshold value Q in above-mentioned judgement1_base、Q2_base、Q3_base, after the completion of being debugged according to units' installation, unit gathered data
Statistical analysis obtain.
The present invention has the following technical effects：Without increasing new equipment, data can for the extraction of information of the present invention
It is directly obtained from unit, hardware cost is relatively low.
Because of unit operating mode, the real-time change of wind direction, wind speed, the present invention carries out noise reduction by the way of EMD decomposition to signal
Processing.Quickly Wind turbines can be diagnosed, method is simple and practicable, and quickly and effectively, characteristic value is apparent, can be used for online
Monitoring, diagnosing.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is generator unit stator A phase currents and speed curves when impeller is normal.
Fig. 3 is stator current IMF (1) time-domain diagram when impeller is normal.
Fig. 4 is stator current IMF (1) amplitude envelope figure when impeller is normal.
Fig. 5 is stator current feature extraction figure when impeller is normal.
Fig. 6 is that stator current IMF (1) time-domain diagram when imbalance fault occurs for impeller.
Fig. 7 is that stator current IMF (1) amplitude envelope figure when imbalance fault occurs for impeller.
Stator current feature extraction figure when imbalance fault occurs for Fig. 8 impellers.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific example, the present invention is described in detail.It is emphasized that following instance is only
It is limitation and application that be illustrative, being not intended to be limiting of the invention.
A kind of referring to Fig.1~Fig. 8, impeller of wind turbine set fault monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition, includes the following steps：
1) data acquisition when Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, acquires generator unit stator phase current iAWith rotating speed r；
2) to the phase current i of acquisitionAEMD decomposition is carried out, the main component for including fault signature, i.e., the 1st IMF points are chosen
Amount, is denoted as IMF (1)；
3) Hilbert envelope demodulations are carried out to main component IMF (1), extracts fault signature, spectrum signal if；
4) i is extractedfAmplitude Q at 1 frequency multiplication of middle wheel speed and frequency multiplication1、Q2And Q3If its value is all higher than corresponding threshold value,
Judge that imbalance fault exists；
Further, in the step 3), Hilbert transformation is carried out to IMF (1) signal obtained after decomposition, is demodulated
Envelope signal afterwards, and average value processing is removed, obtain iC, to envelope signal iCIt carries out FFT transform and obtains envelope spectrum if；
In the step 4), from envelope spectrum if1 frequency multiplication of middle extraction wheel speed, the amplitude Q of 2 frequencys multiplication and 3 frequencys multiplication1、Q2With
Q3；
Judge Q1、Q2、Q3With the size of respective threshold, if meeting Q1>Q1_base、Q2>Q2_baseAnd Q3>Q3_base, then judge not
Balance exists, wherein Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_baseIt is obtained by statistical data.
When imbalance fault occurs for impeller, there can be presentation in stator current, such as be situated between by taking mass unbalance as an example
It continues.The torque of wind energy conversion system output at this time will produce wave component, and it is exactly single-phase in stator that behavior feature, which is transmitted to generator side,
1 times of impeller is generated in electric current turns frequency and its component of frequency multiplication.
From above formula, it can be seen that f can be generated when uneven in stator current1±kfmSecondary harmonic component (k=1,2,
3)。
When Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, the stator phase currents i of synchronous acquisition generatorAWith generator speed r.It is further right
Stator phase currents iAEMD decomposition is carried out, main component is extracted.
To a large amount of i obtained in step 1AData do EMD decomposition, obtain each IMF amounts, from the point of view of signal processing,
EMD processing is an operation constantly from High frequency filter to low frequency filtering, embodies the filtering of multiresolution analysis, specific side
Method is as follows：
Search signal iAWhole maximum and minimum point, uses cubic spline function i laterAMaximum point it is quasi-
It closes at u0, minimum point is fitted to v0, and calculate u0And v0Mean value, be denoted as m0
Use iASubtract mean value m0, obtain a new component for removing low frequency：
h0=iA-m0 (3)
It repeats the above process k times, until the h of kth time0It is IMF components, is denoted as IMF (1).
Take new component iA1=iA- IMF (1) repeats the above process [0010]-[0014], may thereby determine that other IMF,
Finally obtain remainder r0With each IMF of n (1), IMF (2) ..., IMF (n), contain the ingredient of different time scales.Above-mentioned IMF points
Amount is characterized in：Extreme point and zero passage points it is identical or it is most difference one and upper lower envelope about time shaft Local Symmetric.
And the feature of impeller failure is concentrated mainly in IMF (1) in statistical analysis, therefore it is selected subsequently to be divided for main component
Analysis.
Hilbert transformation carried out to treated stator phase currents signal IMF (1), the envelope signal after being demodulated, and
Average value processing is removed, i is obtainedC, method is as follows；
Z (t)=IMF (1)+jiA1(t)
I among the aboveA1(t) be IMF (1) Hilbert transform output valve, the two constitutes analytic signal Z (t) together.A(t)
It is the amplitude envelope of signal Z (t), average value processing is further done to it, obtains iC。
To the envelope signal i in stator currentCFFT transform is carried out, spectrum signal i is obtainedf, and calculated according to generator speed r
Impeller turns frequency f (k), k=1,2,3.
R is rotating speed average value in formula, and b is gear-box speed ratio.
Turn the calculating of frequency according to impeller, extracts the amplitude Q at each turn of frequency1、Q2、Q3。
The size of the feature amplitude of said extracted is judged, if meeting Q1>Q1_base、Q2>Q2_baseAnd Q3>Q3_base, then diagnose
Go out impeller to break down.
Wherein each threshold value Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_base, after the completion of being debugged according to units' installation, the statistics of unit gathered data
Analysis obtains.
The advantage of the invention is that：
The extraction of information of the present invention can be obtained directly from unit without increasing new equipment, data, hardware cost
It is relatively low；
Because of unit operating mode, the real-time change of wind direction, wind speed, the present invention carries out noise reduction by the way of EMD decomposition to signal
Processing.Quickly Wind turbines can be diagnosed, method is simple and practicable, and quickly and effectively, characteristic value is apparent, can be used for online
Monitoring, diagnosing.
Using the 1.5MW double-fed wind power generator groups of certain three blade as research object, set grid-connection acquires generator when running
Data, wherein generator unit stator A phase currents, the time domain waveform of rotating speed from rotating speed time-domain diagram as shown in Fig. 2, see, data obtain
In the period taken, rotating speed is not kept constant, therefore takes foundation of the rotating speed mean value as calculating wheel speed in the sampling time,
When feature obtains, character pair frequency value greatest around is taken, fluctuation ± 0.3Hz above and below frequency.Fig. 3, Fig. 4 be respectively impeller just
The time-domain diagram of IMF (1) and amplitude envelope of stator A phase currents when often, Fig. 5 is the fault eigenvalue extracted at this time, i.e. Q1、Q2、
Q3, corresponding characteristic frequency is 0.275Hz, 0.5Hz and 0.85Hz respectively under the operating mode, feature amplitude 0.1087,0.1003,
0.1485.Its value is all relatively small.
It should be noted that the running of wind generating set stage mentioned in text refers to rotating speed between 1500-1800rpm, and
Variable pitch is not operating, if variable pitch occurs for period, the extraction of fault message will become more difficult, and unit is exported close to specified at this time
Power.
Impeller failure is artificially manufactured in existing wind field, it is contemplated that the complexity of safety and the field experiment of unit operation makes
Unit generates 2% degree of unbalancedness.Running of wind generating set for a period of time, acquires required number in monitoring process under the scene
According to.
Analysis is monitored to the data of above-mentioned experimental conditions, choose one group of data it is normal with unit impeller when the case where into
Row comparison.When impeller imbalance fault, the time domain waveform of stator A phase currents IMF (1) and amplitude envelope is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7,
The two has no apparent difference compared with Fig. 3, Fig. 4, i.e., the imbalance fault of impeller, need pair can not be found in time-domain analysis
Data are further processed.Then the Fourier of envelope range value is handled, extraction fault signature, corresponding failure-frequency 0.275Hz,
Amplitude at 0.5Hz, 0.85Hz is respectively 0.3203,0.5101 and 0.4546.Compared with the numerical value in Fig. 5, it can be seen that
Characteristic value is obviously bigger than normal when impeller imbalance fault, and distinguishes clearly.
And within the scope of unit safety operation, increase the degree of unbalancedness of impeller, corresponding characteristic value is also bigger.In experiment
Unbalanced generation is the initial angle by artificially changing blade, and making three blades, there are angular deviations.
When real system judges mainly with three threshold value Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_baseCompare, it is contemplated that blade design, production,
Quality, aerofoil profile error in transportational process, unit is after the completion of lifting when initial launch, each unit gathered data, statistical
Analysis obtains Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_baseSize, general Q1_base、Q2_baseSize is in 0.1 or so, Q3_baseAbout 0.15.
The present invention diagnoses impeller imbalance fault by wind-driven generator rotating speed and stator phase currents, required data
It can be acquired by the existing data acquisition equipment of wind power generating set, detection pattern is run on by running the short time, it can be quick
Effective data packets are obtained, simple and effective, diagnosis is at low cost, is a kind of effectively reliable blade imbalance fault diagnostic method.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, this field
It will be appreciated by the skilled person that can be made a change in the form and details to the present invention, without departing from invention claims
Limited range.
It should also be noted that, each parameter of example description disclosed herein, merely to preferably describing this hair
Bright, professional by the parameter value for changing the present invention it is to be appreciated that can reach same diagnosis effect, but this realization
It should not be considered as beyond the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
The general principles defined herein can be real in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention
It is existing.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein
The widest range consistent with features of novelty.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of impeller of wind turbine set monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) data acquisition when Wind turbines generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, acquires generator unit stator phase current iAWith rotating speed r；
2) to the phase current i of acquisitionAEMD decomposition is carried out, the main component for including fault signature, i.e. the 1st IMF component, note are chosen
For IMF (1)；
3) Hilbert envelope demodulations are carried out to main component IMF (1), extracts fault signature, spectrum signal if；
4) i is extractedfAmplitude Q at 1 frequency multiplication of middle wheel speed and frequency multiplication1、Q2And Q3If its value is all higher than corresponding threshold value, judge
Imbalance fault exists.
2. a kind of impeller of wind turbine set fault monitoring method of empirical mode decomposition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the step 3), IMF (1) signal progress Hilbert transformation to being obtained after decomposition, the envelope signal after being demodulated, and
Average value processing is removed, i is obtainedC, to envelope signal iCIt carries out FFT transform and obtains envelope spectrum if；
In the step 4), from envelope spectrum if1 frequency multiplication of middle extraction wheel speed, the amplitude Q of 2 frequencys multiplication and 3 frequencys multiplication1、Q2And Q3；
Judge Q1、Q2、Q3With the size of respective threshold, if meeting Q1>Q1_base、Q2>Q2_baseAnd Q3>Q3_base, then judge imbalance
In the presence of wherein Q1_base、Q2_base、Q3_baseIt is obtained by statistical data.
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| CN110173453A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-08-27 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of online assessment method of power plant pressure fan state |
| CN110988472A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 清华大学 | Fault diagnosis method for variable-pitch transmission gear of wind driven generator based on current signal |
| CN111412114A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-14 | 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 | Wind turbine generator impeller imbalance detection method based on stator current envelope spectrum |
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