CN108251100A - It is a kind of at room temperature can gelation and selfreparing electrochromic solutions and its application - Google Patents
It is a kind of at room temperature can gelation and selfreparing electrochromic solutions and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108251100A CN108251100A CN201611245485.6A CN201611245485A CN108251100A CN 108251100 A CN108251100 A CN 108251100A CN 201611245485 A CN201611245485 A CN 201611245485A CN 108251100 A CN108251100 A CN 108251100A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/095—Oxygen containing compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
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- G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochromic solutions, the electrochromic solutions include：Solvent, anode electroactive material, cathodic electroactive materials and the ketone groups of benzofuran containing diaryl polymer.The present invention electrochromic solutions at room temperature can gelation, gel at room temperature can selfreparing and on the electrochromic property of electrochromic solutions without influence.The invention further relates to the electrochromic devices for filling the electrochromic solutions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochromism fields, relate more particularly to the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device.
Background technology
Electrochromism is a kind of electric drive color-change technology, is that material makes material under applied voltage effect by receiving and losing electrons
The changed process of self color.It is in electrochromic, automobile rearview mirror, electrochromism glasses, high-resolution photoelectric camera
As equipment, optical electro-chemistry can convert/reservoir, camouflage and ornament materials etc. have great application value.
For the basic structure of electrochromic device similar to sandwich, electrochromic media is placed in is coated with conductive material by two
Among substrate.Electrochromic device can be divided into 3 classes according to electrochromic media physical state, and one kind is solution type electrochromic
Device, wherein, electrochromic material dissolves in a solvent always.Second class be half solution-type electrochromic device, device
Along with the transmission of electronics and the change of materials chemistry property during being converted between color state and transparent state, when device is in saturating
During bright state, electrochromic material is dissolved in solvent；When device is in colored state, electrochromic material can be in electrode table
Face is enriched with.Third class is full-solid electrochromic device, and during the entire process of device discoloration, electrochromic material is in always
Solid state.
In the electrochromic device of above-mentioned three types, solution type electrochromic device has simple in structure, preparation work
The features such as skill simplicity and short response time, thus always electrochromic device research hot spot and be widely used.But
During long-time service, electrochromic solutions are there may be phase separation, deposition or defect so as to influence vision；Further, since not
Evitable external force effect, may result in electrochromic device rupture, simultaneously may so as to reveal toxic electrochromic solutions
Injure the safety of driver or other staff.
In order to overcome the above problem, United States Patent (USP) US5801873 is molten as electrochromism using the polymer of acrylic compounds
The thickener of liquid so as to increase the viscosity of solution, is avoided generating phase separation or deposition in electrochromic device and be reduced
Solution flow rates so that the injury of easy cleaning and reduction noxious material to personnel after electrochromic device rupture.Although
Its concentration is higher（Optium concentration is 7 ~ 15% (w/w)）, but due to there is no crosslinking so the gelatinisation ability to solution is limited；And
And in terms of processing, volatilized first on the conductive layer of substrate of glass by solvent and the film of polyacrylic is made, increased
The complexity of technique.United States Patent (USP) US8928966 adds in crosslinked poly- with creep-resistant property into electrochromic solutions
Polymer electrolyte, but polymer dielectric is electrically conductive, can have a certain impact to the performance of electrochromic device.It is Chinese special
Sharp CN201410165629.1 introduced into electrochromic solutions can the acrylic acid derivative through ultraviolet light cross-linking, the gel of formation
Stability it is good, it is simple for process, can inhibit electrochromic device rupture after solution outflow etc., but to due to caused by shock
Gel breaks are difficult to repair.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of electrochromic solutions, can gelation and
It can selfreparing at room temperature after gel breaks.In addition, the present invention also provides the solution-type electricity comprising the electrochromic solutions
Mutagens color device.
A kind of electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device include solvent, anode electroactive material, anodic electroactive material
Material and the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula；
Formula 1
In formula 1, R1And R2It is independently chosen from H or C1~20Alkyl.
(present invention is also referred to as the polymerization of the ketone groups of benzofuran containing diaryl to the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula
Object) may occur from the balanced reaction of dynamic circuit breaker key and combination at room temperature, mechanism is shown below, so as to assign gel-forming and
Self-repair function.
Preferably, in formula 1, R1And R2For H or tertiary butyl.
The polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula can be that the polymer that main chain contains 1 structural unit of formula or side group contain
There is the polymer of 1 structural unit of formula.
Further preferably, it in the electrochromic solutions, preferably comprises such as the hyperbranched poly of 3 structure fragment of formula 2 and formula
Close object：
2 formula 3 of formula
Dissaving polymer is since the degree of branching is high, and molecular entanglement is few, therefore compared with the linear polymer of identical molecular weight,
Viscosity is much lower, and dissolubility is good and facilitates in injection electrochromic device；Secondly, dissaving polymer has the branch knot of height
Structure, shrinking percentage is small during curing.
In the present invention, in the electrochromic solutions, a concentration of 1 ~ 15 % of the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula
(w/v)；
The meaning of the unit % (w/v) is the quality of polymer divided by the body of electrochromic solutions containing 1 structural unit of formula
Product；When the concentration of the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula is less than 1% (w/v), gel strength is poor and selfreparing is slow；When containing formula
The concentration of the polymer of 1 structural unit is higher than 15% (w/v), and there are shrinkage phenomenons so as to cause gel for degree of cross linking height.
In the electrochromic solutions, the concentration of the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula is more preferably 2 ~ 5 %
(w/v)。
In the present invention, the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula preferably containing amido bond, imide bond, ehter bond,
Ester bond, ammonia ester bond, hydroxyl, ketone group, carboxyl, nitro, cyano or sulfydryl polymer, the presence of above-mentioned group contributes to containing formula
The polymer of 1 structural unit dissolves in the polar solvent of common electrochromic solutions.
The anode electroactive material is selected from triphenylamine, the triphenylamine of substitution, ferrocene, the ferrocene of substitution, two cyclopentadienyls
In molysite, the ferrocene salt of substitution, phenthazine, the phenthazine of substitution, thianthrene, the thianthrene of substitution, azophenlyene and substituted azophenlyene
It is at least one.
Preferably, in the electrochromic solutions, a concentration of the 0.001 ~ 0.5 of the anode electroactive material
mol/L；Further preferably 0.002 ~ 0.1 mol/L.
Preferably, the cathodic electroactive materials are in purpurine, the purpurine of substitution, green onion quinone and substituted anthraquinone
It is at least one.
Preferably, in the electrochromic solutions, a concentration of the 0.001 ~ 0.55 of the cathodic electroactive materials
mol/L；Further preferably 0.002 ~ 0.1 mol/L.
In the present invention, the solvent is selected to the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula, anode electroactive material
There is excellent dissolution or Swelling Capacity and the chemical reagent not chemically reacted with cathodic electroactive materials.
Preferably, the solvent is propene carbonate, butyrolactone, 2- acetyl butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, carbonic acid
Vinyl acetate, sulfolane, 3- methyl sulfolanes, dimethylacetylamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 2- methylpents two
At least one of nitrile, 3- hydroxypropionitriles, tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethoxy ethanol and cyclopentanone.
This paper terms " electroactive " are defined as, when being exposed under specific potential difference, undergoing the change of its oxidation state.
Cathodic electroactive materials are reduced under electric field action by receiving electronics from cathode；Anode electroactive material is under electric field action
It is aoxidized by supplying electronics to anode.Cathodic electroactive materials and anode electroactive material are electric with the use of that can play balance
The effect of lotus.Wherein, at least one of the anode electroactive material and cathodic electroactive materials are electrochromic material, i.e.,
Has electrochromic property.
The polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula can live with the solvent, anode electroactive material and cathode electricity
Property material mixing before synthesize, can also by monomer reaction and with the solvent, anode electroactive material and cathode electricity live
Property material mixing after formed.
Preferably, the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula is by monomer reaction and electric with the solvent, anode
It is formed after active material and cathodic electroactive materials mixing, the initial viscous of electrochromic solutions can be reduced using this method
Degree facilitates in injection electrochromic device.
In the electrochromic solutions, can also add other functional materials, as UV light stabilizing agent, heat stabilizer,
Antioxidant, thickener, viscosity modifier and redox-stable agent.
The invention also includes a kind of electrochromic device, including preceding substrate and rear substrate；The a certain surface of preceding substrate
Plating is formed with conductive material, and a certain surface plating of the rear substrate is formed with conductive material；The table of the conductive material of the preceding substrate
The surface of the conductive material of face and rear substrate is placed in opposite directions, and is passed through and sealed so as to form sealed chamber around gluing knot, described
Sealed chamber in be filled with the electrochromic solutions.
The preceding substrate or rear substrate can be by it is any have be enough to make the electrochromic device in the environment exposed
The middle intensity used and the material manufacture that predetermined shape can be processed into.
Preferably, the preceding substrate and rear substrate be independently chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, polyester, polyvinyl chloride,
The high-molecular organic materials such as Vingon, polyamide, polyimides, polypropylene, polyethylene, makrolon and glass, pottery
At least one of porcelain, metal.
Further preferably, the preceding substrate is identical with rear substrate material；
Preferably, the preceding substrate and rear substrate are glass.
Preferably, the conductive material that the preceding substrate and rear substrate are coated with is independently chosen from tin oxide, zinc oxide, oxidation
At least one of tin indium, indium gallium zinc complexes, fluorine doped tin oxide, Al-Doped ZnO and fluorine doped zinc oxide.
In addition to conductive material, according to it is specifically used when requirement to function and performance, can be coated in substrate for example anti-
Penetrate the functional materials such as material, antireflection material, water wetted material, ultraviolet photoresist；
For example, the requirement to adapt to specific function and performance, is coated with instead in advance on the surface of the preceding substrate and rear substrate
It is coated with described lead again after penetrating at least one functional materials such as material, antireflection material, water wetted material, ultraviolet photoresist
Electric material.
The invention also includes the application of the solution type electrochromic device, rearview mirror applied to the vehicles is built
Build with the window of aircraft, optical filter, ornament materials, stealth material, presentation of information and military technology etc..
The electrochromic device is prepared building gradual change glass, vehicle intelligent by a kind of preferred application for assembling
Color-changing window, aircraft windows, color-changing solar glasses or the anti-string mesh rearview mirror of automobile.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in：
In the present invention, by the control of the electrochromic solutions component and concentration, cross-linked network knot can be formed at room temperature
Structure realizes the gelation of the electrochromic solutions in solution type electrochromic device, so as to inhibit to be generated in electrochromic solutions
Phase separation or deposition and the bad phenomenons such as solution leakage when electrochromic device ruptures.Moreover, to due to external world's shock etc.
Caused micro-crack, can be realized self-healing at room temperature, notable so as to have to the service life for extending electrochromic device
Effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the electrochromic device described in application examples of the present invention.In figure, 1 and 2 be substrate of glass；3 and 4
It is the transparent conductive material plated in substrate of glass；5 be frame adhesive；6 be the cavity for filling electrochromic solutions.
Fig. 2 is the gel reparation figure described in Application Example 1 of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, it is necessary to be pointed out that the present embodiment is only used
It is further detailed in the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1：
Using equimolar phenol and 4- hydroxymandelic acids as raw material, glacial acetic acid is solvent and pyrovinic acid is dehydrating agent, in 95 degree
Reaction solution, is poured into water by reaction 3 hours after reaction, collects solid and with ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtains shown in structural formula 1
Compound.1 compound represented of structural formula and the sodium hydroxide of 2 times of moles and the 3- bromos propyl alcohol of 2.5 times of moles in
Back flow reaction 3 hours, after reaction pour into reaction solution in ethyl alcohol in acetonitrile, collect solid and with ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtain
To 2 compound represented of structural formula（Synthetic route is shown below）.
By 2 compound represented of structural formula and 4,4', 4''- triphenylmethane triisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate,
Micro organotin catalysts dibutyl tin laurate, 1,1 '-di neo-pentyl -4,4 '-bipyridyl are double（Hexafluoro borate）With 5,
10- diisopropyl -5,10- dimethylphenazines are dissolved in propene carbonate, are made into electrochromic solutions（Shown in structural formula 2
A concentration of 30 mmol/L of compound；A concentration of 6 mmol/L of 4,4', 4''- triphenylmethane triisocyanate；Six methylenes
A concentration of 21 mmol/L of group diisocyanate；1,1 '-di neo-pentyl -4,4 '-bipyridyl is double（Hexafluoro borate）It is a concentration of
50 mmol/L；A concentration of 50 mmol/L of 5,10- diisopropyl -5,10- dimethylphenazines；）, it is poured into as shown in Figure 1
In electrochromic device, then sealed with glue to get to having the function of the device of electrochromism.
Test result：Above-mentioned electrochromic solutions are placed 6 hours in room temperature ~ 25 degree, gelation；After Gel Tear, in room
Temperature ~ 25 degree place 15 hours, naturally reparation（As shown in Figure 2）.Electrochromic device obtained is in no applied voltage
The reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights measured is 76%, and the reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights measured later that is powered is 5.4%；In room
The lower power cycles of temperature 10000 times（Electrochromic device powers off 5 seconds as a cycle after being powered 5 seconds）, in no applied voltage situation
Under the reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights that measures be 75%, the reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights measured later that is powered is 5.8%.
Embodiment 2：
Using equimolar 2,4-DTBP and 4- hydroxymandelic acids as raw material, it is by solvent and pyrovinic acid of glacial acetic acid
Dehydrating agent reacts 3 hours in 95 degree, is after reaction poured into water reaction solution, collects solid and with ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtains
To 3 compound represented of structural formula.The sodium hydroxide of 3 compound represented of structural formula and 2 times of moles and 2.5 times of moles
3- bromo propyl alcohol back flow reaction 3 hours in acetonitrile, after reaction pour into reaction solution in ethyl alcohol, collect solid and use second
Alcohol recrystallizes, and obtains 4 compound represented of structural formula（Synthetic route is shown below）.
By 4 compound represented of structural formula, Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH N3300 aliphatic polymeric isocyanates（The isocyanates of trifunctional）、
The polyethylene glycol, micro organotin catalysts dibutyl tin laurate, 1,1 '-dihexyl -4,4 ' that molecular weight is 500 or so -
Bipyridyl is double（Fluoroform sulphonate）It is dissolved in butyrolactone with 5,10- dihydro -5,10- dimethylphenazines, is made into electrochromism
Solution（A concentration of 20 mmol/L of 4 compound represented of structural formula；The concentration of Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH N3300 aliphatic polymeric isocyanates
For 20 mmol/L；A concentration of 10 mmol/L of polyethylene glycol；1,1 '-dihexyl -4,4 '-bipyridyl is double（Fluoroform sulphonate）
A concentration of 50 mmol/L；A concentration of 50 mmol/L of 5,10- dihydro -5,10- dimethylphenazines；）, it is poured into such as Fig. 1 institutes
In the electrochromic device shown, then sealed with glue to get to having the function of the device of electrochromism.
Test result：Above-mentioned electrochromic solutions are placed 5 hours in room temperature ~ 25 degree, gelation；After Gel Tear, in room
Temperature ~ 25 degree place 11 hours, naturally reparation.The 500 nm waves that electrochromic device obtained is measured in no applied voltage
The reflectivity of long light is 69%, and the reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights measured later that is powered is 4.3%；Power cycles at room temperature
10000 times（Electrochromic device powers off 5 seconds as a cycle after being powered 5 seconds）, measured in no applied voltage 500
The reflectivity of nm wavelength lights is 67%, and the reflectivity of 500 nm wavelength lights measured later that is powered is 4.6%.
Electrochromic solutions in above-described embodiment at normal temperatures crosslinking curing so as to fulfill the gelation of solution, technique
Simply, the gel self-repairability of formation is good, and on the performance of electrochromic device without influence.
Claims (9)
1. the electrochromic solutions in a kind of electrochromic device, which is characterized in that include solvent, anode electroactive material, the moon
Pole electroactive material and the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula；
Formula 1
In formula 1, R1And R2It is independently chosen from H or C1~20Alkyl.
2. the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in formula 1, R1And R2For H
Or tertiary butyl.
3. the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described is electroluminescent
In electrochromic solution, a concentration of 0.001 ~ 0.5 mol/L of the anode electroactive material, the cathodic electroactive materials
A concentration of 0.001 ~ 0.55 mol/L；A concentration of 1 ~ 15 % (w/v) of the polymer containing 1 structural unit of formula.
4. the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the anode electricity is lived
Property material be selected from triphenylamine, substitution triphenylamine, ferrocene, substitution ferrocene, ferrocene salt, substitution ferrocene salt, fen
Thiazine, the phenthazine of substitution, thianthrene, substitution at least one of thianthrene, azophenlyene and substituted azophenlyene.
5. the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cathode electricity is lived
Property material be selected from purpurine, substitution at least one of purpurine, green onion quinone and substituted anthraquinone.
6. the electrochromic solutions in electrochromic device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the solvent is carbon
Acid propylene ester, butyrolactone, 2- acetyl butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, ethylene carbonate, sulfolane, 3- methyl sulfolanes, diformazan
Yl acetamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 2- methyl cellosolve acetate glutaronitriles, 3- hydroxypropionitriles, tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, diformazan
At least one of base sulfoxide, ethoxy ethanol and cyclopentanone.
7. a kind of solution type electrochromic device, which is characterized in that including preceding substrate and rear substrate；The a certain table of preceding substrate
Face plating is formed with conductive material, and a certain surface plating of the rear substrate is formed with conductive material；The conductive material of the preceding substrate
The surface of the conductive material of surface and rear substrate is compound by fluid sealant and forms sealed chamber, is filled in the sealed chamber
It has the right 1 ~ 6 any one of them electrochromic solutions of requirement.
8. solution type electrochromic device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the preceding substrate and rear substrate are coated with
Conductive material be independently chosen from tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide target, indium gallium zinc complexes, fluorine doped tin oxide, mix alumina
At least one of zinc and fluorine doped zinc oxide.
9. the application of the solution type electrochromic device described in a kind of claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that prepared for assembling
Build gradual change glass, vehicle intelligent color-changing window, aircraft windows, color-changing solar glasses or the anti-string mesh rearview mirror of automobile.
Priority Applications (1)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115521278A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-27 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of benzofuranone derivative |
| US11604393B2 (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2023-03-14 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | Electronic apparatus and electrochromic device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060139726A1 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2006-06-29 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic medium having a self-healing, cross-linked polymer matrix and associated electrochromic device |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060139726A1 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2006-06-29 | Gentex Corporation | Electrochromic medium having a self-healing, cross-linked polymer matrix and associated electrochromic device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KEIICHI IMATO ET AL.: "Network Reorganization of Dynamic Covalent Polymer Gels with Exchangeable Diarylbibenzofuranone at Ambient Temperature", 《J. AM. CHEM. SOC.》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11604393B2 (en) | 2019-05-30 | 2023-03-14 | Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. | Electronic apparatus and electrochromic device |
| CN115521278A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-27 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of benzofuranone derivative |
| CN115521278B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-03-22 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of benzofuranone derivative |
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| CN108251100B (en) | 2020-08-07 |
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