CN108235131A - A kind of panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH - Google Patents
A kind of panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44209—Monitoring of downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. bandwidth variations of a wireless network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
- H04N21/21805—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays enabling multiple viewpoints, e.g. using a plurality of cameras
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/44213—Monitoring of end-user related data
- H04N21/44218—Detecting physical presence or behaviour of the user, e.g. using sensors to detect if the user is leaving the room or changes his face expression during a TV program
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/442—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. detecting the failure of a recording device, monitoring the downstream bandwidth, the number of times a movie has been viewed, the storage space available from the internal hard disk
- H04N21/4424—Monitoring of the internal components or processes of the client device, e.g. CPU or memory load, processing speed, timer, counter or percentage of the hard disk space used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/81—Monomedia components thereof
- H04N21/816—Monomedia components thereof involving special video data, e.g 3D video
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/858—Linking data to content, e.g. by linking an URL to a video object, by creating a hotspot
- H04N21/8586—Linking data to content, e.g. by linking an URL to a video object, by creating a hotspot by using a URL
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of panoramic video adaptive transmission methods based on DASH, belong to panoramic video transmission technique field.This method includes：Establish the mapping relations model of three-dimensional panoramic video and two dimensional surface panoramic video, area priorities division is carried out to panoramic video based on human visual and kinetic characteristic, panoramic video is carried out Slice by server end, client bandwidth estimation module carries out prediction available bandwidth using Kalman filtering algorithm, client video cache module is smoothed available bandwidth based on buffer state, client user's form sensing module is based on motional inertia and carries out user's form prediction, client decision-making module considers user's form, network environment and buffer state Adaptive Transmission panoramic video.Compared to conventional video transmission method, the present invention has considered network environment, buffer state and user's form, improves user experience quality QoE.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to panoramic video transmission technique fields, are related to a kind of panoramic video Adaptive Transmission side based on DASH
Method.
Background technology
With the fast development of information technology, Virtual Reality is constantly popularized and is promoted, before possessing wide market
Scape.VR panoramic videos are made of the video pictures of 360 degrees omnidirection, and user can be by using head-mounted display
(head-mounted display, HMD) selection any angle watches interested content, and it is heavy as on the spot in person to obtain
Immersion experience sense.Panoramic video is huge compared to conventional video data amount, how to be transmitted in the limited network environment of bandwidth complete
Scape video becomes where a critical issue.
Panoramic video transmission is used as emerging research hotspot, has carried out correlative study exploration both at home and abroad.The Guo Zong of Peking University
It is bright etc. elaborate panoramic video transport frame, key technology current situation.Hosseini etc. employs prioritization techniques to grind
Study carefully effective transmission.Niamut etc. describes the utilization of DASH standards and DASH technologies in video transmitting procedure in detail, but simultaneously
Adaptive Transmission algorithm is not provided.Yanan Bao etc. analyze the historical viewing data of 150 users, it is proposed that a kind of
The only transmission user method that may watch part based on motion prediction, but user will be unable to viewing video when forecasting inaccuracy is true
Content.Therefore, it is necessary to one kind based on DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, moving based on HTTP
State adaptive multimedia stream) panoramic video adaptive transmission method.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH, purports
In the shortcoming for improving panoramic video conventional transfer techniques, the user experience quality QoE of panoramic video user is improved.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH, the strategy transmitted completely using video content are based on
Panoramic video region is carried out priority division by user's form, transmits the panoramic view data of height mass combination.This method is to establish
The mapping relations model of three-dimensional panoramic video and two dimensional surface panoramic video, based on human visual and kinetic characteristic to panoramic video
Area priorities division is carried out, panoramic video is carried out Slice by server end, and client bandwidth estimation module utilizes Kalman
Filtering algorithm carries out prediction available bandwidth, and client video cache module smoothly locates available bandwidth based on buffer state
Reason, client user's form sensing module are based on motional inertia and carry out user's form prediction, and client decision-making module considers
User's form, network environment and buffer state Adaptive Transmission panoramic video.
This method specifically includes following steps：
S1：According to human visual characteristic and head movement characteristic, horizontal view angle is with vertical angle of view range at 120 degree or so
Region is the motion range of best three-dimensional sense region and human body head both horizontally and vertically respectively at 60 degree and 30
Degree left and right, three quality priority regions are divided by three-dimensional panoramic video；
S2：Panoramic video, with dividing time interval T, is divided into N=by server end in the time domain according to video total duration S
S/T segment, each video clip are expressed as Segi, i ∈ [1, N] show that each video clip is corresponding with three according to step S1
The different version of a quality, each video version divide m*n grid slice, two dimensional surface panoramic video are encoded, always
Symbiosis generates the media text containing having time, spatial position, code check, resolution ratio and frame per second information into m*n*3*N video segment
Part displaying description file；Wherein m, n expression are distributed in the video segment number on horizontally and vertically；
S3：Media file displaying description MPD file on client downloads server, parsing obtain panoramic video slice
Information includes time, spatial position, resolution ratio, URL；Based on quick starting pinciple, decision-making module generation time t ∈ [0,
JT] in download low-quality magnitude panoramic video set of URL, slice request module be based on URL request foradownloaded video slice collection；Its
Middle j represents that starting stage system drafts the number of the video clip quickly started；
S4：Bandwidth estimation module carries out prediction available bandwidth according to interim history download throughput
S5：In order to avoid video playing interim card, the available bandwidth obtained in step S4 needs to consider buffer state, video
Buffer area module considers RfillingWith RchangeStep S4 is obtainedIt is smoothed, obtains B2[i]；Wherein Rfilling
Represent the data cached percentage i.e. buffer area saturation degree for occupying buffer area, RchangeRepresent the change rate of caching depth, B2[i]
It represents and considers that buffer state is smoothSmoothing bandwidth afterwards；
S6：It obtains the data of gyroscope, i.e. user's head exercise data in real time according to panoramic video head-mounted display, uses
Family form sensing module is based on user's history exercise data and builds prediction model, predicts user's form of subsequent time；
S7：Decision-making module considers available bandwidth, buffer status and user's form and determines panoramic video to be transmitted
Mass combination, step S5 obtain it is smooth after available bandwidth B2[i] downloads code check as segment, and the user that step S6 is obtained regards
Window predicted value SpredictAs the foundation of slice different brackets code check combination, with continuing for video time, the video matter of transmission
Amount gradually improves, so as to achieve the purpose that Adaptive Transmission high quality panoramic video.
Further, three quality priority regions described in step S1 are：120 degree of regions where user's form are matter
Priority optimal region is measured, 60 degree of the left side of user's form and 60 degree of right side region are quality priority suboptimum region, and user regards
120 degree of the back side region of window is then quality priority difference region；Video quality is in step with the how far apart from user's form
Variation.
Further, the prediction of the available bandwidth described in step S4, be according to Kalman filter formulation estimate it is next
The available bandwidth of segment, formula are as follows：
Wherein,The available estimation bandwidth of current i-th of segment is represented,The average download of i-1 segment before representative
Handling capacity, k are kalman gain.
Further, which is characterized in that the smoothing processing described in step S5 is specifically to be handled according to the following formula：
α=Rfilling·(1-Rchange)
Wherein, tbuffer[i] represents the data cached depth after segment i is downloaded, tmaxThe maximum for representing buffer area is deep
Degree, α represent smoothing factor, B2[i], which is represented, considers that buffer state is smoothSmoothing bandwidth afterwards.
Further, user's form of the prediction subsequent time described in step S6, is predicted with specific reference to equation below：
Spredict=β Stest+(1-β)·Sestimate
Wherein, SpredictRepresent user's form predicted value, StestRepresent the measured value of previous moment, SestimateRepresent estimation
Value, β represent weight factor.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：This invention ensures that the video content quality at the currently viewing visual angle of user and regarding
The fluency that frequency plays, the feeling of immersion of user's real-time online viewing panoramic video are met.Compared to conventional video transmission method,
Panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH has considered network environment, buffer state and user's form,
Improve user experience quality QoE.
Description of the drawings
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 divides schematic diagram for panoramic video area priorities；
Fig. 4 is the effect diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the panoramic video Adaptive Transmission system of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the present invention,
With reference to shown in Fig. 1,2, the panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH includes the following steps：
Step 1：According to human visual characteristic and head movement characteristic：Horizontal view angle is with vertical angle of view range at 120 degree
Left and right region is the motion range of best three-dimensional sense region and human body head both horizontally and vertically respectively at 60 degree
With 30 degree or so, three-dimensional panoramic video is divided into three quality priority regions, 120 degree of regions where user's form be matter
Priority optimal region is measured, 60 degree of the left side of user's form and 60 degree of right side region are quality priority suboptimum region, and user regards
120 degree of the back side region of window is then quality priority difference region, and video quality is in step with the how far apart from user's form
Variation, as Fig. 3 panoramic videos area priorities are divided shown in schematic diagram；
Step 2：Panoramic video, with dividing time interval T, is divided by server end in the time domain according to video total duration S
N=S/T segment, each video clip are expressed as Segi, i ∈ [1, N] show that each video clip is corresponding with according to step 1
The different version of three quality, each video version divide m*n grid slice, two dimensional surface panoramic video are encoded,
M*n*3*N video segment is collectively generated, and generates the matchmaker containing information such as having time, spatial position, code check, resolution ratio and frame per second
Body document presentation describes (Media Presentation Description, MPD) file, as the effect of Fig. 4 present invention is illustrated
Shown in figure；
Step 3：Media file displaying description MPD file on client downloads server, parsing obtain panoramic video and cut
The information (time, spatial position, resolution ratio, URL etc.) of piece, based on quick starting pinciple, decision-making module is generated in t ∈ [0, jT]
The set of URL of the panoramic video of the low-quality magnitude of interior download, slice request module are based on URL request foradownloaded video slice collection；
Step 4：Bandwidth estimation module carries out prediction available bandwidth according to interim history download throughput, according to following card
Kalman Filtering formula estimate the available bandwidth of next segment：
Wherein,The available estimation bandwidth of current i-th of segment is represented,The average download of i-1 segment before representative
Handling capacity, k are kalman gain；
Step 5：In order to avoid video playing interim card, the available bandwidth obtained in step 4 needs to consider buffer state,
RfillingRepresent the data cached percentage i.e. buffer area saturation degree for occupying buffer area, RchangeThe change rate of caching depth is represented,
Video cache area module considers RfillingWith RchangeStep 4 is obtainedIt is smoothed, α represents smoothing factor, B2
[i], which is represented, considers that buffer state is smoothSmoothing bandwidth afterwards：
α=Rfilling·(1-Rchange)
Wherein, tbuffer[i] represents the data cached depth after segment i is downloaded, tmaxThe maximum for representing buffer area is deep
Degree；
Step 6：Gyroscope is obtained according to panoramic video head-mounted display (HMD, Head Mount Display) in real time
Data, that is, user's head exercise data, user's form sensing module be based on user's history exercise data build prediction model, in advance
Survey user's form of subsequent time：
Spredict=β Stest+(1-β)·Sestimate
Wherein, SpredictRepresent user's form predicted value, StestRepresent the measured value of previous moment, SestimateRepresent estimation
Value, β represent weight factor；
Step 7：Decision-making module considers available bandwidth, buffer status and user's form and determines aphorama to be transmitted
Frequency mass combination, step 5 obtain it is smooth after available bandwidth B2[i] downloads code check as segment, and the user that step 6 obtains regards
Window predicted value SpredictAs the foundation of slice different brackets code check combination, with continuing for video time, the video matter of transmission
Amount gradually improves, so as to achieve the purpose that Adaptive Transmission high quality panoramic video, such as the effect diagram institute of Fig. 4 present invention
Show.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is based on DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP, the dynamic self-adapting based on HTTP
Media stream) panoramic video adaptive transmission method, which is characterized in that this method is to establish three-dimensional panoramic video to put down with two dimension
The mapping relations model of face panoramic video carries out area priorities division based on human visual and kinetic characteristic to panoramic video,
Panoramic video is carried out Slice by server end, and client bandwidth estimation module carries out prediction using Kalman filtering algorithm and can be used
Bandwidth, client video cache module are smoothed available bandwidth based on buffer state, client user's form sense
Know module be based on motional inertia carry out user's form prediction, client decision-making module consider user's form, network environment and
Buffer state Adaptive Transmission panoramic video；
This method specifically includes following steps：
S1：According to human visual characteristic and head movement characteristic, three-dimensional panoramic video is divided into three quality priority regions；
S2：Panoramic video, with dividing time interval T, is divided into N=S/T by server end in the time domain according to video total duration S
A segment, each video clip are expressed as Segi, i ∈ [1, N], obtaining each video clip correspondence according to step S1, there are three matter
Different versions is measured, each video version divides m*n grid slice, two dimensional surface panoramic video encoded, total symbiosis
Into m*n*3*N video segment, and generate the media file exhibition containing having time, spatial position, code check, resolution ratio and frame per second information
Show description (Media Presentation Description, MPD) file；Wherein m, n expression is distributed on horizontally and vertically
Video segment number；
S3：Media file displaying description MPD file on client downloads server, parsing obtain the letter of panoramic video slice
Breath, includes time, spatial position, resolution ratio, URL；Based on quick starting pinciple, decision-making module is generated in time t ∈ [0, jT]
The set of URL of the panoramic video of the low-quality magnitude of interior download, slice request module are based on URL request foradownloaded video slice collection；Wherein j
Represent that starting stage system drafts the number of the video clip quickly started；
S4：Bandwidth estimation module carries out prediction available bandwidth according to interim history download throughput
S5：In order to avoid video playing interim card, the available bandwidth obtained in step S4 needs to consider buffer state, video cache
Area's module considers RfillingWith RchangeStep S4 is obtainedIt is smoothed, obtains B2[i]；Wherein RfillingIt represents
Data cached percentage, that is, buffer area the saturation degree for occupying buffer area, RchangeRepresent the change rate of caching depth, B2[i] is represented
Consider that buffer state is smoothSmoothing bandwidth afterwards；
S6：Obtain the data of gyroscope in real time according to panoramic video head-mounted display (Head Mount Display, HMD),
That is user's head exercise data, user's form sensing module are based on user's history exercise data and build prediction model, and prediction is next
User's form at moment；
S7：Decision-making module considers available bandwidth, buffer status and user's form and determines panoramic video quality to be transmitted
Combination, step S5 obtain it is smooth after available bandwidth B2[i] downloads code check as segment, and user's form that step S6 is obtained is pre-
Measured value SpredictAs the foundation of slice different brackets code check combination, with continuing for video time, the video quality of transmission by
Gradually improve, so as to achieve the purpose that Adaptive Transmission high quality panoramic video.
A kind of 2. panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Three quality priority regions described in S1 are：120 degree of regions where user's form are quality priority optimal region, are used
60 degree of the left side of family form is quality priority suboptimum region with 60 degree of right side region, and 120 degree of the back side region of user's form is then
For quality priority difference region；Video quality changes with the how far apart from user's form in step.
A kind of 3. panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
The prediction of available bandwidth described in S4, is the available bandwidth for according to Kalman filter formulation estimate next segment, formula
It is as follows：
Wherein,The available estimation bandwidth of current i-th of segment is represented,The average download of i-1 segment is handled up before representative
Amount, k is kalman gain.
A kind of 4. panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Smoothing processing described in S5 is specifically to be handled according to the following formula：
α=Rfilling·(1-Rchange)
Wherein, tbuffer[i] represents the data cached depth after segment i is downloaded, tmaxRepresent the depth capacity of buffer area, α
Represent smoothing factor, B2[i], which is represented, considers that buffer state is smoothSmoothing bandwidth afterwards.
A kind of 5. panoramic video adaptive transmission method based on DASH according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
User's form of prediction subsequent time described in S6, is predicted with specific reference to equation below：
Spredict=β Stest+(1-β)·Sestimate
Wherein, SpredictRepresent user's form predicted value, StestRepresent the measured value of previous moment, SestimateRepresent estimated value, β
Represent weight factor.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN109040855A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of wireless DASH streaming media bit rate smooth adaptive transmission method |
| CN109348291A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-15 | 深圳市梦网百科信息技术有限公司 | A kind of panoramic video code stream distribution method and system based on motion analysis |
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| CN109996087A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-07-09 | 武汉大学 | A kind of code rate adaptive approach and device towards net cast based on finite state machine |
| CN110099294A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-06 | 山东大学 | A kind of dynamic self-adapting streaming media bit rate distribution method of the holding space-time consistency for 360 degree of videos |
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| CN113453076A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-28 | 中国移动通信集团河北有限公司 | User video service quality evaluation method and device, computing equipment and storage medium |
| WO2022048277A1 (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-10 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Virtual reality video processing method and terminal thereof, server and storage medium |
| CN114268835A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-01 | 北京航空航天大学 | VR panoramic video space-time slicing method with low transmission flow |
| CN115052182A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | Ultra-high-definition video transmission system and method based on queue learning and super-resolution |
| US11831883B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-11-28 | Hefei University Of Technology | QoE-based adaptive acquisition and transmission method for VR video |
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