CN108230306A - Eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods - Google Patents
Eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods.Automatic positioning and measurement to each position in the color picture of eyeground, achieve the effect that disease prescreening, the picture Automatic sieve for having lesion suspicion is selected, can identification accurately and effectively be marked to vessel profile and vascular arteriovenous, then by calculating the diameter ratio of quiet artery, working doctor amount can be reduced with diseases such as auxiliary diagnosis retinal vessels；And its result is independent of doctors experience, more objective, can effectively assist a physician and carry out the diagnosis of disease, realizes the purpose of remote medical consultation with specialists.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods.
Background technology
In order to carry out the blood vessel and arteriovenous identification and boundary mapping in the color picture of eyeground in large quantity rapidly, with can be accurate
It, can be with then by calculating the diameter ratio of quiet artery really effectively to vessel profile with vascular arteriovenous identification being marked
The diseases such as auxiliary diagnosis retinal vessel.In clinic, due to outlying mountain area, basic hospital oculist diagosis related to eyeground
The manpowers such as personnel are limited, and such as a large amount of eyeground color picture is mechanically reviewed one by one, and action is heavy, single heavy
It is multiple and inefficient, waste a large amount of valuable human resources.Existing eyeground color picture automatic recognition system is also related to eyeground
Image automatic identification partition method, but be not to carry out being accurately positioned for eyeground locations of structures, lesion identification.In addition it is existing, side
Fado is to carry out reference using online normal pictures to compare identification, however the eyeground color picture picture in real-life clinical is not mark
Quasi- picture in addition including much focusing on, all problematic picture of light and shade, many systems are all directly to know picture at present
Not, without component tablet quality, because online java standard library is all the preferable picture of quality, and quantity is all seldom.
Invention content
The primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods.To in the color picture of eyeground
The automatic positioning and measurement at each position, achieve the effect that disease prescreening, and the picture Automatic sieve for having lesion suspicion is selected, with
It can be accurately and effectively to vessel profile with vascular arteriovenous identification be marked, then by calculating the diameter of quiet artery
Than working doctor amount can be reduced with diseases such as auxiliary diagnosis retinal vessels；And its result is independent of doctors experience, more
It is objective to add, and can effectively assist a physician and carry out the diagnosis of disease, realizes the purpose of remote medical consultation with specialists.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
Color picture blood vessel in eyeground provided by the invention and arteriovenous recognition methods have the characteristics that：
1st, by the way that morphological method is combined with machine learning method, the region of positioning is carried out by morphological method
Then preliminary treatment carries out machine learning method prediction, is finally accurately positioned again by morphological method；
2nd, the eyeground color picture of a large amount of patients acquired to hospital or community carries out automatic identification, to assist doctor to a large amount of
The screening of the disease pathologies such as retinal vessel and medical center routine eyeground color picture picture are diagnosed；
3rd, using a large amount of Zhang Zhenshi eyeground color picture make model fully learn it is various in the case of image data feature so that
Judge more accurate, and have better fault-tolerance, simultaneity factor carries out eyeground color picture pretreatment and picture quality first
Differentiate, to ensure this system in the case where picture quality is irregular, can also have good recognition capability, there is universality.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing for forming the part of the application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the example images of selection of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the intensity profile of image selected by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is vessel profile schematic diagram when blood vessel of the embodiment of the present invention identifies substantially；
Deburring treated vessel profile schematic diagram when Fig. 4 is identified for blood vessel of the embodiment of the present invention；
Vessel profile schematic diagram breakpoint is fitted schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is identified for blood vessel of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 determines vessel borders schematic diagram when being identified for blood vessel of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is blood vessel recognition effect schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is eye fundus image arteriovenous recognition result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods, include the following steps：
Picture quality detects：
First, feature extraction：
Using the skeleton of image, its textural characteristics, RGB, three figure layers, 15 features of each figure layer extraction are extracted.
Edge detection is carried out to image using canny operators first, then denoising is carried out with medium filtering, later with pre-
Processed figure calculates the number of the total pixel in the edge, overall circumference at edge, the maximum height of fringe region, maximum width, strange
Chain number of codes (number of edge discrete point), target area, rectangular degree, the elongation of number chain.
Followed by seven invariant moment features of extraction image：
The sum of horizontal and vertical directed variance,more
distributed towards horizontal and vertical axes,the values are enlarged.
The covariance value of vertical and horizontal axes when the
variance intensity of vertical axis and horizontal axis were similar.
The result emphasizing the values inclined to left/right and
upper/lower axes.
The result emphasizing the values counterbalancing to left/right
and upper/lower axes.
The extraction of values invariant against size,rotation,
and location.
According to the judgement of clarity, RGB, each figure layer extracts 5 features for judging clarity.
A) gray level entropy：
It reflects the number of average information in image.The one-dimensional entropy of image represents that the aggregation of intensity profile in image is special
The included information content of sign, enables piRepresent that gray value is the ratio shared by the pixel of i in image, then defines the unitary of gray level image
Gray level entropy is：
B) Brenner gradient functions
Brenner gradient functions are simplest Gradient functions, it only simply calculates two neighboring pixel ash
Square of difference is spent, which is defined as follows：
F (x, y) represents the gray value of image f corresponding pixel points (x, y).
C) variance function
It, can be using variance function as evaluation because the image clearly focused on has the gray difference than blurred picture bigger
Function：
Wherein,For the average gray value of entire image, the function pair noise is more sensitive, and image frame is purer, function
It is worth smaller.
D) energy gradient function
E) gradient function
3rd, 256 features of grey level histogram.
RGB is such as now converted into gray-scale map, then Gray=0.29900*R+0.58700*G+0.11400*B utilizes ash
Spend histogram extraction feature.
Grey level histogram is the function about grey level distribution, is the statistics to grey level distribution in image.Intensity histogram
Figure is by all pixels in digital picture, according to the size of gray value, counts the frequency of its appearance.0-255 gray value
Frequency extracts 256 features altogether.
4th, rgb space is converted, extracts color and textural characteristics 256.
Utilize paper《Color and texture descriptors》The rgb space of script is converted into HSV space,
Color histogram is calculated, has obtained 256 features.
So far, all extraction finishes for required whole features, then by the use of all features extracted as independent variable,
The quality of picture quality predicts picture quality as dependent variable (0 or 1).Here we using Random Forest model into
Row prediction.
First, machine learning is predicted：
Random forests algorithm：
1st, training dataset d=(X, y) is given, wherein X is the feature extracted, and (0 represents figure to 0,1 classified variables of y
Tablet quality is poor, and 1 represents that picture quality is good).Fixed m≤p (m is the Characteristic Number randomly selected out, and p is characterized total number) and
Set the number B of (decision Tree algorithms).
2nd, following steps are done to each b=1,2 ..., B：
A) bootstrap training sets are constructed by extracting n times from n sample at random to training data d
B) it usesIn data configuration depth capacity treeM are extracted from p variable at random into line splitting；
C) storage tree and the information of bootstrap samples.
3rd, to arbitrary future position x0, carry out the fitting and prediction of random forest.To each treeOne will be predicted
Classification, in this way due to there is B tree, it is possible to predict B 01 classifications.Final prediction result is exactly in B classification, goes out
The most classification of occurrence number (0 or 1).
Due to the picture there is a large amount of poor qualities in true picture, so being detected by picture quality first by this batch of matter
It measures bad picture to screen, subsequent processing is carried out just for the eye fundus image that picture quality reaches a standard.
Image preprocessing：
Pretreatment is using histogram equalization.Select a recognition effect best first in all images, such as Fig. 1
It is shown, and the intensity profile of its tri- track of RGB is extracted, as shown in Figure 2.As standard drawing.
Optic disk identifies：
Optic disk identification is broadly divided into three key steps：Just positioning (ROI extractions), is accurately positioned, Smoothing fit
Just positioning：Being primarily based on optic disk has the characteristics that highlight, and the most apparent on red track, we choose first
Red track is analyzed.Specifically red green track can visually identify optic disk position, and red track becomes apparent.It is interested
Region (ROI) extraction mainly utilizes the method for adaptive threshold fuzziness.It first will be by the brighter region threshold value of whole pictures
The method of segmentation extracts, remaining darker area is filled up using mean value.Modified picture carries out threshold value cutting again.Pass through
Successive ignition reduces brighter areas area step by step.After ROI areas pre-determined threshold value, stop iteration.Then it is right again
The highlight regions extracted are screened.Then it extracts the center of the ROI and intercepts ROI for analyzing in next step.At ROI
It puts in determining method, also has simple threshold values patterning method as currently a popular method class：Optic cup and disc
localization for Detection of glaucoma usingMatlab,Hanamant M.Havagondi,2
Mahesh S.Kumbhar.Kaiser Window positioning modes：Blood vessel inpainting based technique
for efficient localization andsegmentationof optic disc in digital fundus
Images, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 25 (2016) 108-117 etc..It is compared to it
His method, we are advantage：Merely using red orbit information, blood vessel influences smaller.For the photo that boundary exposure is excessive.
Method therefor of the present invention can remove this some effects quickly, and ROI will not be extracted and cause to perplex.And for a part of image sheet
Height bright area is excessive (or height lesion, optic disk brightness are inadequate), these quality are not very high, the inaccurate pictures of ROI positioning
Program meeting automatic prompt quality problems, without subsequent analysis.
It is accurately positioned and Smoothing fit：
In the ROI extracted, mainly first remove noise effect using Morphological scale-space method, then image is carried out
Threshold segmentation can obtain relatively rough boundary position.Then it is (minimum external ellipse ellipse fitting to be carried out for boundary position
Circle), fit a boundary parameter equation
X=a*cos (t) * cos (θ)-b*sin (t) * sin (θ)+x0
Y=a*cos (t) * sin (θ)-b*sin (t) * cos (θ)+y0
Wherein θ is oval inclination angle, and a, b are long semi-minor axis, and t is parameter, x0, y0It is elliptical center coordinate.Finally by boundary
Equation is plotted in artwork.At present in terms of optic disk boundary alignment, mainly there are the calculations such as fixed threshold segmentation and region growing
Method.Fixed threshold segmentation stability it is worst, Boundary Recognition is not allowed, and our adaptive threshold method then according to optic disk area from
Dynamic selection optimal threshold, will not cause the apparent erroneous judgement on optic disk boundary.And algorithm of region growing then chooses initial seed point
It there are certain requirements, and be likely to result in the problem of identification region is less than normal.
Blood vessel identifies：
One, read in picture.
Two, it is the dark border removed around round eyeground picture to first processing that picture is done.
Three, picture processing
To picture processing, vessel profile substantially is obtained.First, noise is removed in pretreatment, and medium filtering, threshold value are gone later
It makes an uproar, the results are shown in Figure 3；
Then, the blood vessel obtained to pretreatment, carries out multiple etching operation, obtains the substantially distribution of blood vessel, at this moment
Due to part figure sector-meeting because the picture quality original similar to dim spot locally occurs in picture caused by the reasons such as shooting angle, light
Cause, so the picture that this step obtains is it is possible that the situation that blood vessel is broken in certain, so not connecting to what is obtained then
The blood vessel of continuous fracture carries out pixel link and diagonal filling, obtains continuous blood vessel.Then the coarse blood vessel to obtaining
Deburring processing is carried out, to the general profile of blood vessel, the results are shown in Figure 4.
Four, blood vessel identification
Then blood vessel identification is that each section of blood vessel is regarded as an individual, identifies each section of blood vessel.
Main is the center line for finding blood vessel first.Because the profile of tentatively identification blood vessel is not allowed, but pass through corrosion
Comparatively operation can find more accurately vessel centerline.This step is just separated each section of blood vessel, removes blood
The tie point of pipe, each section is all continuous line.Then breakpoint is fitted using algorithm, as shown in Figure 5.
After center line is chosen, changed using the outside shade of gray in center line both sides, determine vessel borders, as shown in Figure 6.
Finally the blood vessel of identification is drawn in original picture, as shown in Figure 7.
Vascular arteriovenous identifies：
Arteriovenous identification be blood vessel identification and firm offer identification on the basis of, using eyeground picture and it is corresponding label it is active
What the blood vessel picture row training of vein formed.
Arteriovenous identifies the method that machine learning is utilized in we.
Training is the method with machine learning, and the object identified first is blood vessel, needs to identify arteriovenous, so will
The picture feature of selected machine recognition is as criterion of identification.The required picture feature of training enters first from the position where blood vessel
Hand.Position according to where blood vessel can be divided by the region using vascular wall as boundary on the outside of blood vessel, and vessel borders are intravascular
Three sub-regions of side.Then these three subregions are extracted with the spy of shade of gray variation and two broad aspects of texture variations respectively
Sign.The shade of gray in zonule (the 3*3 regions centered on each pixel) where this category feature includes everywhere pixel
The pattern of the average of variation, median, mode and textural characteristics, also the linear and nonlinear combination including these features be total to
141 training characteristics are trained.Here selection SVM (support vector machines) is trained, and obtains the grader of our needs.
The regional choice blood vessel of arteriovenous identification is thicker, intersects less region and is identified.So select using optic disk as
Region in the certain distance of the center of circle is as target area.
Picture is inputted during identification, then identifies the blood vessel of target area, then in the outside of blood vessel, vascular wall is interior
Survey extracts us and trains selected 141 features respectively, and the Machine learning classifiers then obtained with training are identified, and obtain
To as a result, and result is illustrated in original picture, the results are shown in Figure 8.
It is essentially identical to the processing of picture when being identified during identification to the processing of picture with blood vessel, here without superfluous
It states.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of eyeground color picture blood vessel and arteriovenous recognition methods, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Picture quality detects, and inputs original image, carries out the extraction of characteristics of image, and be trained, and picture quality is carried out pre-
It surveys, detects that the eye fundus image that picture quality reaches a standard carries out subsequent processing；
Image preprocessing selects a recognition effect best, and extracts the gray scale of its tri- track of RGB in all images
Distribution, as standard drawing；
Picture is read in, removes the frame around round eyeground picture；
Noise is removed in picture processing, first processing, and medium filtering, threshold denoising processing, obtain vessel profile substantially later；
Vessel profile is obtained, the vessel profile pre-processed carries out multiple etching operation, obtains the substantially distribution model of blood vessel
It encloses, pixel link then is carried out to the obtained blood vessel of discontinuous fracture and diagonal is filled, obtains continuous blood vessel, then
Deburring processing is carried out to obtained coarse blood vessel, to vessel profile；
Blood vessel identifies, finds the center line of blood vessel first, is changed using the outside shade of gray in center line both sides, determines blood vessel side
The blood vessel of identification is finally drawn in original picture by boundary.
2. color picture blood vessel in eyeground as described in claim 1 and arteriovenous recognition methods, it is characterised in that described image feature
Extraction include the following steps：
Edge detection is carried out to image using canny operators first, then denoising is carried out with medium filtering, later with pretreatment
The figure crossed, the number of the calculating total pixel in edge, the overall circumference at edge, the maximum height of fringe region, maximum width, odd number chain
Chain number of codes, target area, rectangular degree, elongation, then extract image seven invariant moment features；
Each figure layer extracts 5 features for judging clarity：Gray level entropy, Brenner gradient functions, variance function, energy gradient
Function, gradient function；
Feature is extracted using grey level histogram；
The rgb space of script is converted into HSV space, calculates color histogram.
3. color picture blood vessel in eyeground as described in claim 1 and arteriovenous recognition methods, it is characterised in that described to picture matter
Amount carries out prediction and includes the following steps：
1) training dataset d=(X, y) is given, wherein x is the feature extracted, and y 0,1 classified variable, 0 represents picture matter
Amount is poor, and 1 represents that picture quality is good, and fixed m≤p, m is the Characteristic Number randomly selected out, and p is characterized total number and decision
The number B set in tree algorithm；
2) to each b=1,2 ..., B do following steps：
A) bootstrap training sets are constructed by extracting n times from n sample at random to training data d
B) it usesIn data configuration depth capacity treeM are extracted from p variable at random into line splitting；
C) storage tree and the information of bootstrap samples；
3) to arbitrary future position X0, the fitting and prediction of random forest are carried out, to each treeA class will be predicted
Not, in this way due to there is B tree, it is possible to predict B 01 classifications, final prediction result is exactly in B classification, occurs
The most classification of number.
4. color picture blood vessel in eyeground as described in claim 1 and arteriovenous recognition methods, it is characterised in that further include blood vessel and move
Hand vein recognition step：
It is the region in the certain distance of the center of circle as target area to select using optic disk, the position according to where blood vessel, by the region
Using vascular wall as boundary, it is divided on the outside of blood vessel, vessel borders, three sub-regions on the inside of blood vessel；
These three subregions are extracted with the feature of shade of gray variation and two broad aspects of texture variations respectively；
Picture is inputted during identification, then identifies the blood vessel of target area, then in the outside of blood vessel, vascular wall, inside point
Indescribably take the selected feature of training；
The Machine learning classifiers obtained with training are identified, and obtain as a result, and result is illustrated in original picture.
5. color picture blood vessel in eyeground as claimed in claim 4 and arteriovenous recognition methods, it is characterised in that further include optic disk knowledge
Other step：
Just positioning, first will extract the method for whole pictures brighter region Threshold segmentation, remaining darker area profit
It is filled up with mean value, modified picture carries out threshold value cutting again, and by successive ignition, brighter areas area is subtracted step by step
It is small, after area-of-interest area pre-determined threshold value, stop iteration, then the highlight regions extracted are screened, carry
It takes out the center of the area-of-interest and intercepts to analyze in next step；
It is accurately positioned and Smoothing fit, first removes noise effect using Morphological scale-space method, threshold value then is carried out for image
Then segmentation carries out ellipse fitting for boundary position, finally paints absorbing boundary equation to obtain relatively rough boundary position
System is in artwork.
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