CN108225578B - Dual-laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement - Google Patents
Dual-laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/04—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by beating two waves of a same source but of different frequency and measuring the phase shift of the lower frequency obtained
Abstract
The utility model provides a twin laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement, including main laser, main laser frequency stabilization module, first beam splitting module and first frequency shift beam splitting unit, be used for providing back pump light and raman main laser; the slave laser, the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module, the second beam splitting module, the laser amplifier and the second frequency shifting beam splitting unit are used for providing Raman slave laser, cooling light, probe light, clearing light and state preparation light; the Raman main laser and the Raman auxiliary laser generate Raman laser through the Raman optical frequency shift unit. The dual-laser system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple, compact and stable structure, novel and flexible frequency adjustment, and suitability for miniaturization, engineering and productization, and is particularly suitable for providing laser solutions for absolute gravimeters, gradiometers, gyroscopes and the like based on cold atom interferometry.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of laser frequency control technology, and in particular, to a dual laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement.
Background
With the continuous development and maturity of cold atom technology, the application potential of the cold atom technology in the field of precision measurement is more and more emphasized. Among them, the precision measurement based on the cold atom interferometry is one representative. Cold atom interferometry requires the use of lasers of various frequencies for purposes such as atom cooling trapping, atom energy state preparation, Raman interference, and atomic fluorescence detection. The required lasers typically include cooling light, pump back light, raman light, probe light. For the full-light type cold atom interference gravimeter, additional state preparation light and clearing light are needed and are matched with the existing combination action of Raman light and back pump light to replace the action of a radio frequency microwave source in the atomic state preparation stage. In order to obtain these lasers, more than 3 lasers are needed in the general laser scheme, which not only increases the complexity of the laser frequency stabilization phase-locked system, but also makes the optical path system too large, which is not conducive to miniaturization and the anti-interference capability worsens. Meanwhile, in order to obtain laser with a desired frequency, the specification types and the number of frequency shift devices used in the optical path system of a common laser scheme are also more and more complicated, which increases the complexity of the frequency shift device driving system and also increases the instability of the system. These deficiencies and drawbacks severely limit the practical and engineered implementation of cold atom interferometric precision measurements.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a dual laser system suitable for cold atom interferometry precision measurements. The dual laser system has the advantages of simple, compact and stable structure, novel and flexible frequency adjustment, and convenience for miniaturization, engineering and productization.
(II) technical scheme
The present disclosure provides a twin laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement, including: the device comprises a main laser, a main laser frequency stabilizing module, a first beam splitting module and a first frequency shift beam splitting unit, wherein the main laser is used for providing back pump light and Raman main laser; the slave laser, the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module, the second beam splitting module, the laser amplifier and the second frequency shifting beam splitting unit are used for providing Raman slave laser, cooling light, probe light, clearing light and state preparation light; the Raman main laser and the Raman auxiliary laser are firstly combined by the Raman beam combining unit, and a part of combined laser enters a photoelectric detector of the auxiliary laser phase-locking frequency stabilizing module to perform beat frequency for phase locking of the auxiliary laser; and the other part of the combined laser enters a Raman optical frequency shift unit to shift the frequency in a negative direction to generate Raman laser required by measurement.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, laser light output by the main laser is divided into three paths by the first beam splitting module; the first path of laser frequency-stabilizes the main laser through a main laser frequency stabilizing module; the second path of laser directly passes through the first frequency shift beam splitting module to obtain back pump light; and the third path of laser is input into the Raman laser beam combining unit.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser light output from the laser is divided into a fourth laser light and a fifth laser light by the second beam splitting module; the fourth path of laser is input into the Raman laser beam combining unit, and is combined with the third path of laser divided by the main laser firstly and then is divided into a sixth path of laser and a seventh path of laser; the sixth path of laser enters the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module as a beat frequency optical signal; the seventh path of laser passes through a Raman optical frequency shift unit to obtain Raman laser; and the fifth path of laser as seed light enters a laser amplifier to be amplified and then enters a second frequency shift beam splitting unit to obtain cooling light, probe light, state preparation light and clearing light.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fifth laser beam enters the second frequency shift beam splitting unit after being amplified by the laser amplifier, and is divided into the eighth laser beam and the ninth laser beam after passing through the λ/2 wave plate and the polarization beam splitting prism; the eighth path of laser passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through the first acousto-optic modulator, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate, and then is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the first acousto-optic modulator and the polarization beam splitter prism to obtain cooling light; the ninth path of laser is divided into a tenth path of laser and an eleventh path of laser after passing through a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism; the tenth path of laser passes through the second acousto-optic modulator after passing through the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate and is reflected by the reflector, the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the second acousto-optic modulator, the polarization beam splitting prism, the third acousto-optic modulator, the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism and is divided into two paths, one path of laser is used as clearing light, and the other path of laser is used as detecting light through the reflector; the eleventh path of laser is divided into a twelfth path of laser and a thirteenth path of laser after passing through the lambda/2 wave plate and the polarization beam splitting prism; the thirteenth path of laser is transmitted to the light shield; the twelfth path of laser passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through the fourth acoustic optical modulator, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate and is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the fourth acoustic optical modulator and the polarization beam splitter prism to obtain the state prepared light.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, in the atomic state preparation stage, the output laser frequency from the laser is the frequency required by the raman slave laser, and the clearing light and the state preparation light of the atomic state preparation stage are obtained by frequency shifting the acousto-optic modulator.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the master laser frequency stabilization module includes a fifth acousto-optic modulator and a modulation transfer spectrum optical path; the first path of laser is subjected to forward frequency shift through a fifth acousto-optic modulator, the laser subjected to forward frequency shift is divided into two paths through a polarization beam splitter prism, one path of laser is probe light, and the other path of laser is used as pump light and enters an electro-optic modulator EOM to be modulated; obtaining superposition of modulated pump light and beaten detection light in rubidium bubbles, generating four-wave mixing action, then transferring modulation to the detection light, obtaining the detection light after modulation transfer, entering a photoelectric detector, and obtaining a frequency locking error signal after the signal of the photoelectric detector is demodulated; and a bias magnetic field is added to the rubidium bubble along the polarization direction of the detection light, so that a frequency locking error signal is optimized, and the main laser can be locked more stably.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the sixth laser enters the photodetector, the beat frequency electrical signal of the photodetector is amplified by the low-phase-noise microwave amplifier and then mixed with the microwave signal f1 output by the low-phase-noise microwave source in the mixer, the mixed signal enters the signal input port of the phase-locking module, the low-phase-noise signal source output signal f2 acts on the external reference signal input port of the phase-locking module, and the phase-locking output signal of the phase-locking module acts on the current modulation port of the slave laser to perform phase locking.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the switching of the slave laser at both the cooling light and raman slave laser operating frequencies is achieved by changing the output frequency f1 of the low phase noise microwave signal source, or by changing the phase-lock module external reference signal input frequency f2 throughout the measurement sequence; the frequency sweep of the atomic cooling phase and the raman interference phase are achieved by varying either f1 or f2 in order to compensate for the doppler induced frequency sweep.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the raman optical frequency shift unit comprises a sixth acousto-optic modulator for raman laser negative frequency shift; the first frequency shift beam splitting unit comprises a seventh acousto-optic modulator which is used for forward frequency shift of the second path of laser light.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the driving frequencies of the first acousto-optic modulator, the second acousto-optic modulator, the third acousto-optic modulator, the fourth acousto-optic modulator, the sixth acousto-optic modulator and the seventh acousto-optic modulator are the same.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the dual-laser system has the advantages of simple, compact and stable structure, novel and flexible frequency adjustment, convenience for miniaturization, engineering and productization, and is particularly suitable for providing laser solutions for absolute gravimeters, gradiometers, gyroscopes and the like based on cold atom interferometry. Meanwhile, the laser provided by the double-laser system is complete in type and is an all-optical type double-laser system, so that the use of the microwave antenna in the preparation stage is avoided. The device is simplified, the structure of the vacuum cavity state preparation part of the interferometer is simplified, the volume is reduced, and the vacuum device is convenient to miniaturize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram of a dual laser system suitable for cold atom interferometry precision measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module of a dual-laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main laser frequency stabilization module optical path of a dual-laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure of a second frequency shift beam splitting unit of a dual laser system suitable for cold atom interference precision measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 587Rb atom D2 spectral line and each laser transition frequency.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a slave laser frequency control scheme of a twin laser system suitable for cold atom interferometry precision measurement according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[ notation ] to show
1-a master laser; 2-a slave laser; 3-a main laser frequency stabilization module; 4-slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module; 5-a first beam splitting module; 6-Raman laser beam combination unit; 7-a second beam splitting module; 8-a laser amplifier; 9-a first frequency shifting beam splitting unit; 10-Raman optical frequency shift unit; 11-a second frequency shifting beam splitting unit; 12-a photodetector; 13-low phase noise microwave amplifier; 14-a mixer; 15-a phase-locking module; 16-a low phase noise microwave source; 17-Low phase noise signal source.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints.
Because the rubidium source is easy to obtain, the laser technology for controlling rubidium atoms is mature. The following examples are directed to the hyperfine transition structure of D2 with 87Rb atoms, but the disclosure is not limited thereto, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dual laser system suitable for cold atom interferometry precision measurement, including:
the main laser 1, the main laser frequency stabilizing module 3, the first beam splitting module 5 and the first frequency shifting beam splitting unit 9 are used for providing back pump light and Raman main laser light;
the slave laser 2, the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module 4, the second beam splitting module 7, the laser amplifier 8 and the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11 are used for providing Raman slave laser light and cooling light, probe light, clearing light and state preparation light required by measurement.
The Raman main laser and the Raman auxiliary laser are combined by the Raman beam combining unit, and a part of combined laser enters the photoelectric tube to be subjected to beat frequency for phase locking of the auxiliary laser; the other part enters a Raman optical frequency shift unit to shift the frequency in a negative direction to generate Raman laser required by measurement.
The laser output by the main laser 1 is divided into three paths by the first beam splitting module 5, wherein one path of laser is subjected to frequency stabilization on the main laser 1 by the main laser frequency stabilization module 3. The other path of laser directly passes through the first frequency shift beam splitting module 9, and passes through the acousto-optic modulator in the first frequency shift beam splitting module 9 in a reciprocating mode to shift 533.3MHz in the forward direction, and required pumping light is obtained. The third path of laser enters a Raman laser beam combining unit 6, is combined with a part of laser output from the laser 2 in the Raman laser beam combining unit 6, a part of combined laser is used as a beat frequency optical signal to enter a photoelectric detector 12 in the slave laser phase-locked frequency stabilizing module 4, the other part of combined laser enters a Raman optical frequency shifting unit 10, and is subjected to common negative frequency shifting by an acousto-optic modulator AOM to obtain Raman (Raman) laser required by an experiment.
The laser light emitted from the laser 2 is split into two beams by the second beam splitting module 7. One beam is input into a Raman laser beam combining unit 6, and is combined with one path of light separated from the main laser 1 in the beam combining unit 6, and the combined laser is divided into two parts: one part is used for generating phase-locked beat frequency optical signals, and the other part enters the Raman laser frequency shift unit for frequency shift to obtain Raman laser. The other beam enters the laser amplifier 8 as seed light, is amplified and then enters the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11, and cooling light, probe light, state preparation light and clearing light required by cold atom interference precision measurement are obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application provides a feasible optical path structure with respect to the second frequency-shifting beam splitting unit 11 according to the D2 transition structure of 87Rb atoms. The output laser of the laser amplifier 8 enters the second frequency-shift beam-splitting unit 11, and is divided into two paths after passing through the lambda/2 wave plate and the polarization beam-splitting prism. One path of laser passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism, then passes through the acousto-optic modulator AOM1, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate, and is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected light passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the acousto-optic modulator AOM1 and the polarization beam splitting prism, and then cooling light is obtained. The laser passes through an acousto-optic modulator AOM1 twice in a round trip, and the forward frequency is shifted by 2 × 266.65MHz to 533.3MHz to obtain cooling light.
The other path of laser is divided into two paths after passing through a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism. One path of laser passes through a reflector and a polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through an acousto-optic modulator AOM2, shifts frequency in the forward direction by 266.65MHz, then is reflected by the reflector through a 1/4 wave plate, the reflected light passes through a 1/4 wave plate, an acousto-optic modulator AOM2, shifts frequency in the forward direction by 266.65MHz, then passes through the polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through an acousto-optic modulator AOM3, shifts frequency in the forward direction by 266.65MHz, then passes through a lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitter prism, and is divided into two paths, wherein one path is used as clearing light, and the other path is used as detection light through the reflector. After the laser passes through the acousto-optic modulator AOM2 forward frequency shift 533.3MHz twice, the laser forward frequency shift 533.3MHz +266.65MHz is 799.9565MHz under the combined action of the acousto-optic modulator AOM3 forward frequency shift 266.65MHz, AOM2 and AOM 3. Thereby obtaining detection light and clearance light. In actual use, AOM2 is normally open, and AOM3 controls the switches for the probe light and the clear light. In this embodiment, an appropriate feedback loop can be constructed to stabilize the detection light intensity. Specifically, the laser is diffracted by the acousto-optic modulator AOM2 to split a part of light to be monitored by the photodetector, and a monitored light intensity signal is fed back to the driver of the acousto-optic modulator AOM2 through PID to form a feedback closed loop, so that the laser can be used for stabilizing the light intensity of the detection light. The same AOM3 can be used for both the probe light and the purge light to switch on and off, since they are typically independent of each other in terms of space on the vacuum system.
The other path of laser light is divided into two paths after passing through the lambda/2 wave plate and the polarization beam splitting prism, wherein one path of laser light is transmitted to the light shield, the other path of laser light passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism, then passes through the acousto-optic modulator AOM4, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate and is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected light passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the acousto-optic modulator AOM4 and the polarization beam splitting prism to obtain the state preparation light. The laser passes through the acousto-optic modulator AOM4 twice in a round trip, and the forward shift frequency is 533.3MHz to obtain the state preparation light of which the transition frequency corresponds to F2 to F' 2.
Since the laser system of the present application is an all-optical laser system, the state preparation phase requires the use of pump-back light, state preparation light, clearing light, and raman light in a very short time. Whereas the clean-up light and the slave raman laser have a large frequency difference and are both supplied by the slave laser 2, it is not convenient in practical use to obtain this directly by controlling the output frequency of the slave laser 2 to switch rapidly between the two laser frequencies. In this embodiment, the output laser frequency of the slave laser 2 is set to the frequency required by the slave raman laser in the atomic state preparation stage, and the erasing light and the state preparation light at this time are mainly obtained by shifting the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator. Another basis of this approach is that the laser power required for the preparation light and the cleaning light and the subsequent probe light is very small relative to the raman laser, which reduces the laser power waste caused by the frequency shift diffraction efficiency limitation of the aom.
As shown in fig. 3, it is a schematic diagram of an optical path of the main laser frequency stabilization module 3, which includes a front-stage forward frequency-shifted AOM and a modulation transfer spectrum optical path, where the modulation transfer spectrum optical path includes: the device comprises a reflector, a lambda/2 wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, an electro-optical modulator EOM, a rubidium bubble and a bias magnetic field coil. In the modulation transfer spectrum, the direction of the bias magnetic field applied to the rubidium bubble is the same as the polarization direction of the probe light. One path of light in the first beam splitting module 5 enters the main laser frequency stabilizing module 3, then passes through the AOM (acousto-optic modulator) for forward frequency shift, and the laser after frequency shift sequentially passes through the two reflectors, the lambda/2 wave plate and is divided into two paths by the polarization beam splitter prism. One path of laser is probe light, and the other path of laser is pump light and enters an electro-optical modulator EOM to obtain modulation. The obtained modulated pump light enters the rubidium bubble after sequentially passing through the two reflectors and the polarization splitting prism. The detection light also enters the rubidium bubble after passing through the reflector and is superposed with the pumping light. The modulation of the pump light is transferred to the probe light by four-wave mixing in the rubidium bubble. The detection light obtained through modulation transfer is reflected by the polarization beam splitter prism to enter the photoelectric detector PD, and the signal of the photoelectric detector PD is demodulated to obtain an error signal. The fast feedback signal output by the error signal after passing through the PID unit is applied to a current modulation port of the main laser 1 for frequency stabilization; the slow feedback signal in the PID is applied to the temperature control or piezoelectric ceramic control port of the main laser 1, so that the main laser 1 can lock the frequency more stably.
As shown in FIG. 3, the AOM forward frequency shift through the acousto-optic modulator is mainly due to the consideration of increasing the detuning of the main Raman laser. The selection of the forward frequency shift value does not limit the laser system in principle, and can be changed appropriately according to the measurement requirements. For the D2 transition structure of 87Rb atoms, the forward shift value is 304.06MHz in this embodiment, so that in combination with the optical path structures of the first frequency shift beam splitting unit 9 and the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11, the driving frequencies of the remaining 6 acousto-optic modulators (AOM 1 to AOM4 of the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11, the first frequency shift beam splitting unit 9 and the raman optical frequency shift unit 10 each including an AOM) in the laser system can be selected to be the energy level difference 266.65MHz between F '2 and F' 3. Therefore, the specification of the acousto-optic modulator is unified, and an acousto-optic driving system is simplified. Meanwhile, the cost is reduced, and later maintenance is facilitated.
For the D2 transition structure of 87Rb atoms, due to the energy level transition corresponding to F1- > F', the modulation transfer spectrum signal obtained by the common method is generally weak, and the requirement of stable frequency locking cannot be met. Therefore, in the modulation transfer spectrum optical path, a bias magnetic field coil is arranged on the rubidium bubble along the polarization direction of the detection light, and a bias magnetic field with proper intensity is provided, so that modulation transfer spectrum signals corresponding to F & lt 1- & gt F & lt 0 & gt transition can be greatly enhanced, modulation transfer spectrum signals corresponding to other energy level transitions can be inhibited or enhanced insignificantly, and further modulation transfer spectrum signals with good signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. The thus optimized modulation-transferred spectrum signal corresponding to the transition F1- > F' 0 can be used as a good frequency stabilization signal for the main laser 1. After which the main laser 1 is locked on the transition line of atoms throughout the time sequence of the cold atom interference precision measurement. And the back pump light required by the measurement is mainly obtained by forward frequency shift of 533.3MHz of the acousto-optic modulator in the first frequency shift beam splitting module 9. Thus the output lasing frequency of the main laser 1 does not need to be switched between the back pump light and the main raman light, increasing the stability of the system.
Referring to fig. 2, the slave laser phase-locked frequency stabilization module 4 includes a photodetector 12, a low-phase-noise microwave amplifier 13, a mixer 14, a low-phase-noise microwave source 16, a phase-locked module 15, and a low-phase-noise signal source DDS 17. A part of the combined beam laser in the raman laser beam combining unit 6 enters the photodetector 12 as a beat frequency optical signal, and a beat frequency electric signal of the photodetector 12 is amplified by the low-phase-noise microwave amplifier 13 and then mixed with a microwave signal output by the low-phase-noise microwave source 16 in the mixer 14 to obtain a signal with a smaller frequency and enter the input port of the phase-locked module 15. A low phase noise signal source DDS17 is applied to an external reference signal input port of the phase lock module 15. The output signal of the phase-locking module 15 is applied to the current modulation port of the slave laser for phase-locking.
During the whole measuring time sequence, the switching of the slave laser at two working frequencies of cooling light and Raman slave laser is realized by changing the output frequency f1 of the low-phase-noise microwave signal source 16 or changing the input frequency f2 (provided by a signal source DDS 17) of the external reference signal of the phase-locking module 15; the frequency sweep of the atomic cooling phase and the raman interference phase can also be achieved by changing f1 or f2 in order to compensate for the doppler induced frequency sweep.
The present application provides a way of frequency control from the laser 2 for the D2 transition structure of the 87Rb atom. As shown in fig. 6, the frequency of the low phase noise microwave source 16 is set to f1 and is fixed throughout the measurement sequence. In combination with the structure of the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11, the slave laser 2 works at the frequency required by the raman slave laser in the phase of state preparation, raman interference and fluorescence detection in the whole measurement time sequence. Therefore, in these three stages, the input frequency of the low-phase noise signal source DDS17 is set to be f2 ═ Δ1，2-f1, wherein f1 is selected to satisfy: let a1，2-f1 is within the output frequency range, Δ, of low phase noise signal source DDS171，2Is the frequency difference between the raman master laser and the raman slave laser. In the raman interference phase, the value of f2 needs to be scanned to compensate for the doppler shift, which is not shown in fig. 6 because the sweep range is small. In the cooling and trapping stage of the atoms, considering that the cooling light in the second frequency shifting beam splitting unit 11 has been forward-shifted by 2 × 266.65MHz to 533.3MHz, in order to obtain the cooling light of the desired frequency, the initial frequency value of the external reference signal of the phase locking module 15 (i.e. the initial frequency value of the output signal of the low phase noise signal source DDS 17) is set to (6834.682610MHz-f1-266.65MHz +3 Γ), where Γ is the natural line width of the Rb atom D2 transition. Then, the material is cooled by frequency sweep, and the frequency sweep range takes the value F. In actual measurement, the fine starting frequency and the sweep frequency range can be determined by optimizing parameters such as the cooling temperature of atoms. Here f1 is fixed, and all frequency adjustment functions are realized by changing the output frequency f2 of the external reference signal source DDS17 of the phase-locked module. The reason for this is because low phase noise microwave signal sources with an indicating modulation function are difficult to purchase, and even if they are available, they are expensive, and the size of the signal source is generally too large, which is not suitable for miniaturization. So here we have stripped out the modulation function and instead provided it by signal source DDS 17.
The raman optical frequency shift unit 10 includes an acousto-optic modulator for performing a negative frequency shift of the raman laser light to increase the detuning amount of the raman light with respect to F' ═ 1.
The first frequency shift beam splitting unit 9 comprises an acousto-optic modulator, and the laser transmitted by the first beam splitting unit 5 passes through the acousto-optic modulator in the first frequency shift beam splitting unit 9, so that the forward frequency shift is performed to obtain the back pump light required by the experiment.
The frequency shift beam splitting unit 9 provides back pump light, the frequency shift beam splitting unit 10 provides Raman light, and the frequency shift beam splitting unit 11 provides cooling light, probe light, clearing light and state preparation light. This results in the laser light at all frequencies required for atomic interference precision measurement full-light type laser systems. In the atomic state preparation stage, the atomic energy state can be prepared to the initial pure state required by the atomic interference precision measuring instrument under the combined action of Raman laser, state preparation light, back pump light and clearing light, and the traditional microwave antenna device is not required in the atomic initial state preparation stage. Therefore, the full-light type atomic interference precision measurement double-laser system is realized. Therefore, not only are microwave signal sources and microwave amplifiers saved, but also the structure of the vacuum cavity state preparation part of the interferometer is simplified, the volume is reduced, and the vacuum device is convenient to miniaturize.
In the dual-laser system, the primary laser frequency stabilizing module 3 adopts a preceding-stage acousto-optic modulator for forward frequency shift, so that the detuning of the Raman primary laser can be increased, the specification of the acousto-optic modulator can be unified, and the types and the number of the acousto-optic modulator driving signal sources are simplified. Except the acousto-optic modulator AOM in the main laser frequency stabilization module 3, 6 acousto-optic modulators are needed in the laser optical path system. The first frequency-shift beam-splitting unit 9 includes an AOM, the raman optical frequency-shift unit 10 includes an AOM, and the second frequency-shift beam-splitting unit 11 includes 4 acousto-optic modulators. When the forward frequency shift of the AOM in the main laser frequency stabilization module 3 is set to a proper value, the driving frequencies of the remaining 6 acousto-optic modulators can be unified as much as possible, and the purpose of simplifying the acousto-optic driving system is achieved. For the hyperfine structure of 87Rb atom D2 transition, considering that the energy level interval between corresponding F '2 < - > F' 3 is 266.65MHz, which is also the frequency difference between the state preparation light and the probe light, by means of the optical path structure of each module of the present application and the setting of the phase-locked signal in the slave laser phase-locked frequency stabilization module 4, the driving frequencies of the remaining 6 AOMs in the optical path can all be set to 266.65MHz, and at this time, the frequency shift value of the front-stage acousto-optic modulator in the master laser frequency stabilization module 3 can be inferred to be set to 304.06 MHz. The type and the number of the driving signal sources of the acousto-optic modulator are greatly simplified, and the specification of the acousto-optic modulator is unified. The structure not only reduces the system cost, but also facilitates the later maintenance. Under the frequency shift scheme, the detuning amount of the virtual energy level | i > relative to F' 1 of the raman light is about 643MHz, which can meet the practical requirement.
In the dual-laser system, the raman master laser and the raman slave laser required by the raman laser are obtained by directly outputting laser beams from the master laser 1 and the slave laser 2 and combining the laser beams. Raman laser of the interferometer needs to be collected by optical fibers, and the laser is guided to a Raman laser beam expander on the vacuum probe through an optical fiber jumper wire to be expanded for use. According to the scheme, the laser device is connected with the Raman laser beam expanding end of the vacuum probe, and Raman laser only undergoes frequency shift of the acousto-optic modulator and primary optical fiber coupling, so that the stability of the Raman laser is improved, the loss of laser power is reduced, and the requirements on the output laser power of the master laser device 1 and the output laser power of the slave laser device 2 are lowered. Meanwhile, in the application, the detuning of the raman laser is not particularly large, which also reduces the requirements on the output power of the laser. The dual laser system of the application can meet the actual requirements only by two hundred milliwatt lasers and one laser amplifier.
In other examples, the laser amplifier 8 may also be located between the slave laser 2 and the second beam splitting module 7. The laser amplifier 8 in the system can be omitted if the output laser power from the laser 2 itself is sufficiently large. Two lasers can meet the requirements. Compared with the existing three-laser scheme or the scheme of a double laser and a double laser amplifier, the required lasers and the frequency-locking phase-locking units or laser amplifiers added therewith are fewer, the system structure is simpler and more stable, and the cost is more economic. The structure avoids the problems of laser power fluctuation of the laser amplifier and Raman laser power fluctuation caused by multiple times of optical fiber coupling, so that an additional Raman laser power stabilizing unit is not needed, and the system is further simplified.
In the dual laser system of the present application, the first frequency shift beam splitting unit 9, the raman optical frequency shift unit 10, and the second frequency shift beam splitting unit 11 are used to obtain laser beams with various frequencies required for measurement. The structure of the re-beam splitting of the laser light of various frequencies that has been obtained for practical use should be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The dual laser system of the present application, in fig. 3, takes the plane of the optical path as a reference horizontal plane. In this case, the polarization splitting prism characteristics are: the detection light is linearly polarized light, the polarization direction is vertical polarization and is vertical to the reference horizontal plane; the pump light is horizontally linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction is along a reference horizontal plane. Tests show that under the simple optical path structure, the bias magnetic field is the best choice along the polarization direction of the probe light. In practice, by choosing a suitable light polarization combination for the probe light and the pump light, the spectral signal can be improved more or less under a magnetic field of suitable strength, as long as the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light beam. The method for improving the modulation transfer spectrum signal by introducing a magnetic field in the vertical direction of the light beam is invented for the first time. Other methods of improving the modulation-shifted spectral signal by employing different combinations of optical polarizations, but also methods that inherently improve the modulation-shifted spectral signal by introducing magnetic fields, should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.
The applicability of the twin laser system of the present application should not be limited by the atoms used. Because of the cold atom interferometry, rubidium atoms are more common than other atoms. The rubidium source is easy to obtain, and meanwhile, the laser technology for controlling rubidium atoms is mature in development. Therefore, the above-mentioned twin laser system is directed to the D2 hyperfine transition structure of 87Rb atoms in the operations of frequency locking and frequency shifting, and FIG. 5 shows87Rb atom D2 line and the respective laser transition frequencies. This should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure. For the use of other atoms, but similar or identical in system structure composition, laser frequency-locking phase-locking scheme, acousto-optic modulation frequency-shifting driving scheme, etc., it should be considered as the protection scope of the present disclosureAnd (5) enclosing.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A twin laser system suitable for cold atom interferometry precision measurements, comprising:
the device comprises a main laser, a main laser frequency stabilizing module, a first beam splitting module and a first frequency shift beam splitting unit, wherein the main laser is used for providing back pump light and Raman main laser;
the slave laser, the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module, the second beam splitting module, the laser amplifier and the second frequency shifting beam splitting unit are used for providing Raman slave laser, cooling light, probe light, clearing light and state preparation light;
the Raman main laser and the Raman auxiliary laser are firstly combined by the Raman beam combining unit, and a part of combined laser enters a photoelectric detector of the auxiliary laser phase-locking frequency stabilizing module to perform beat frequency for phase locking of the auxiliary laser; the other part of the laser after beam combination enters a Raman optical frequency shift unit to carry out negative frequency shift to generate Raman laser required by measurement; laser output by the main laser is divided into three paths by the first beam splitting module;
the first path of laser frequency-stabilizes the main laser through a main laser frequency stabilizing module;
the second path of laser directly passes through the first frequency shift beam splitting module to obtain back pump light;
inputting the third path of laser into a Raman laser beam combining unit;
laser output from the laser is divided into a fourth path of laser and a fifth path of laser through a second beam splitting module;
the fourth path of laser is input into the Raman laser beam combining unit, and is combined with the third path of laser divided by the main laser firstly and then is divided into a sixth path of laser and a seventh path of laser; the sixth path of laser enters the slave laser phase-locking frequency stabilization module as a beat frequency optical signal; the seventh path of laser passes through a Raman optical frequency shift unit to obtain Raman laser;
the fifth path of laser enters a laser amplifier as seed light, is amplified and then enters a second frequency shift beam splitting unit, and is divided into an eighth path of laser and a ninth path of laser after passing through a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarization beam splitting prism;
the eighth path of laser passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through the first acousto-optic modulator, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate, and then is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the first acousto-optic modulator and the polarization beam splitter prism to obtain cooling light;
the ninth path of laser is divided into a tenth path of laser and an eleventh path of laser after passing through a lambda/2 wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism;
the tenth path of laser passes through the second acousto-optic modulator after passing through the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate and is reflected by the reflector, the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the second acousto-optic modulator, the polarization beam splitting prism, the third acousto-optic modulator, the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitting prism and is divided into two paths, one path of laser is used as clearing light, and the other path of laser is used as detecting light through the reflector;
the eleventh path of laser is divided into a twelfth path of laser and a thirteenth path of laser after passing through the lambda/2 wave plate and the polarization beam splitting prism; the thirteenth path of laser is transmitted to the light shield; the twelfth path of laser passes through the lambda/2 wave plate, the reflector and the polarization beam splitter prism, then passes through the fourth acoustic optical modulator, then passes through the 1/4 wave plate and is reflected by the reflector, and the reflected laser passes through the 1/4 wave plate, the fourth acoustic optical modulator and the polarization beam splitter prism to obtain the state prepared light.
2. The twin laser system according to claim 1, wherein in the atomic state preparation stage, the output laser frequency from the laser is a frequency required for raman slave laser, and the clearing light and the state preparation light in the atomic state preparation stage are obtained by frequency shifting the acousto-optic modulator.
3. The twin laser system of claim 1, the master laser frequency stabilization module comprising a fifth acousto-optic modulator and a modulation transfer spectrum optical path; the first path of laser is subjected to forward frequency shift through a fifth acousto-optic modulator, the laser subjected to forward frequency shift is divided into two paths through a polarization beam splitter prism, one path of laser is probe light, and the other path of laser is used as pump light and enters an electro-optic modulator EOM to be modulated;
obtaining superposition of modulated pump light and beaten detection light in rubidium bubbles, generating four-wave mixing action, then transferring modulation to the detection light, obtaining the detection light after modulation transfer, entering a photoelectric detector, and obtaining a frequency locking error signal after the signal of the photoelectric detector is demodulated;
and a bias magnetic field is added to the rubidium bubble along the polarization direction of the detection light, so that a frequency locking error signal is optimized, and the main laser is locked more stably.
4. The twin laser system as defined in claim 1, wherein the sixth laser enters the photo detector, the beat frequency electrical signal of the photo detector is amplified by the low phase noise microwave amplifier and then mixed with the microwave signal f1 outputted from the low phase noise microwave source in the mixer, the mixed signal enters the signal input port of the phase-locked module, the low phase noise signal source output signal f2 is applied to the external reference signal input port of the phase-locked module, and the phase-locked output signal of the phase-locked module is applied to the current modulation port of the slave laser for phase locking.
5. The twin laser system as defined in claim 1 or 4, wherein the switching of the slave laser between the two operating frequencies of the cooling light and the Raman slave laser is achieved by changing the output frequency f1 of the low phase noise microwave signal source or by changing the input frequency f2 of the external reference signal of the phase-locked module during the whole measurement sequence; the frequency sweep of the atomic cooling phase and the raman interference phase are achieved by varying either f1 or f2 in order to compensate for the doppler induced frequency sweep.
6. The twin laser system as defined in claim 1 or 3, the Raman optical frequency shift unit comprising a sixth acousto-optic modulator for Raman laser negative frequency shift;
the first frequency shift beam splitting unit comprises a seventh acousto-optic modulator which is used for forward frequency shift of the second path of laser light.
7. The twin laser system as defined in claim 1 or 3, wherein the driving frequencies of the first acousto-optic modulator, the second acousto-optic modulator, the third acousto-optic modulator, the fourth acousto-optic modulator, the sixth acousto-optic modulator and the seventh acousto-optic modulator are the same.
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Application publication date: 20180629 Assignee: QUANTUMCTEK Co.,Ltd. Assignor: University of Science and Technology of China Contract record no.: X2021340000028 Denomination of invention: A double laser system for cold atom interference precision measurement Granted publication date: 20200512 License type: Common License Record date: 20211026 |