CN108195322A - A kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband and its detection method - Google Patents

A kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband and its detection method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108195322A
CN108195322A CN201810208412.2A CN201810208412A CN108195322A CN 108195322 A CN108195322 A CN 108195322A CN 201810208412 A CN201810208412 A CN 201810208412A CN 108195322 A CN108195322 A CN 108195322A
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graduation
frame
light
graticle
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CN108195322B (en
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李刚
黄富瑜
刘锋
张晓良
李青
禹烨
邹昌帆
王元铂
李莉
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Army Engineering University of PLA
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband, including parallel light tube, the side of parallel light tube is equipped with the first speculum, the opposite side of parallel light tube is provided with light hole, the bottom of parallel light tube is provided with light well, rail plate is provided on the outside of light well, infrared light supply and visible light source are installed on rail plate, rotating disc type target plate is provided with above rail plate, annular array has transmission-type frame-type graticle on rotating disc type target plate, transmission-type cross-graduation plate and photographic paper, the second speculum is provided on the inside of light well, optical axis translation device is provided on the outside of light hole.The present invention can improve the deficiencies in the prior art, not influenced by environment and weather condition, can realize fast, accurately multispectral multiaxis detection.

Description

A kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband and its detection method
Technical field
It is observed the present invention relates to weapon and aims at collimation technique field, especially a kind of more plain shaft parallelism detection systems of multiband System and its detection method.
Background technology
With the continuous development of science and technology, weapon system observation and aim at window also present multiaxis and it is multispectral become Gesture.By taking certain type weapon system as an example, contain visible ray sight take aim at axis, infrared thermal imagery sight take aim at axis, laser range finder Laser emission axis, TV track axis etc..It is whether consistent and whether it is consistent with tank fire system barrel axis between these axis, it directly affects whole The strike efficiency of a weapon system.
Therefore, it is an important, regular job to the multispectral multiaxis collimation calibration of weapon system.At present, Common method is aiming point method and checks target method.But aiming point method can not be realized and be examined under round-the-clock, arbitrary geographic environmental condition School;Check that target method can not realize quick, high-precision calibration.Therefore, it is badly in need of developing a kind of multispectral multiaxis calibration system, Neng Gou Under any environment and weather condition, fast, accurately multispectral multiaxis detection is realized.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband and its detection sides Method can solve the deficiencies in the prior art, not influenced by environment and weather condition, can realize fast, accurately multispectral more Shaft detection.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
A kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband, including parallel light tube, the side of parallel light tube is equipped with first Speculum, the opposite side of parallel light tube are provided with light hole, and the bottom of parallel light tube is provided with light well, is set on the outside of light well There is rail plate, infrared light supply and visible light source on rail plate are installed, rotating disc type target plate is provided with above rail plate, is turned Annular array has transmission-type frame-type graticle, transmission-type cross-graduation plate and photographic paper on disc type target plate, is set on the inside of light well The second speculum is equipped with, optical axis translation device is provided on the outside of light hole.
Preferably, the parallel light tube is off-axis parabolic collimator, the first speculum is off-axis parabolic Face speculum, the second speculum are plane mirror.
Preferably, the effective aperture of the parallel light tube is 100mm, the effective focal length of parallel light tube is 300mm.
Preferably, the angle of inclination in the first speculum Relative vertical direction is 1 °~3 °, the second speculum is opposite The angle of inclination of horizontal direction is 45 °~55 °, and the horizontal distance of the first speculum and the second speculum is 250mm, and second reflects A diameter of 17mm of mirror.
Preferably, the minimum lattice value of the transmission-type frame-type graticle is 10 ', a frame-type graduation, water are set every 20 ' Gentle vertical graduation range is the corresponding groove size of space of 120 ', 10 ' lattice values of -120 '~﹢ for 0.873mm, transmission-type frame A diameter of 21.825mm of type graticle, line width 0.06mm.
Preferably, the line width of the transmission-type cross-graduation plate is 0.06mm, a diameter of 0.15mm of central small hole, A diameter of 21.825mm of transmission-type cross-graduation plate.
Preferably, the visible light source is LED matrix lamp bead.
Preferably, the infrared light supply includes condenser, incandescent tengsten lamp, incandescent tungsten are provided in the focus of condenser The rear of silk lamp is provided with baffle.
Preferably, the optical axis translation device includes two groups of reflectors being mutually parallel, each reflector includes two instead Plate is penetrated, the spacing with two reflecting plates of group is 200mm.
A kind of detection method of the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of above-mentioned multiband, includes the following steps:
A, system under test (SUT) is erected on the workbench before optical axis translation device, using external equipment by tested system IR, visible Light and other vision signals are sent to computer disposal and display unit;
B, visible light source is opened, transmission-type frame-type graticle is introduced into parallel light tube light path by adjustment turntable target plate;Adjust quilt Detecting system position, is observed by video, makes to be located in transmission-type frame-type graticle by check system visible ray cross-graduation center Near the heart, on the basis of frame-type graduation, position of the system under test (SUT) visible ray graduation center in frame-type graduation at this time is recorded()And the scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between two graduation, it is seen that light graticle minimum lattice value is, then it and frame-type Scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between graduationFor:
C, using optical axis translation device, infrared thermal imagery optical axis is imported into parallel light tube;Open infrared light supply, mobile rail plate Infrared light supply is placed in behind transmission-type frame-type graticle, infrared illumination is provided;It is observed and transmitted using system under test (SUT) infrared channel Formula frame-type graticle image, on the basis of frame-type graduation, record at this time the infrared graduation center of system under test (SUT) in frame-type graduation Position(), thus can calculate the parallel misalignment between visible ray optical axis and infrared optical axis:
(1);
D, using optical axis translation device, Laser emission optical axis is imported into parallel light tube;Turntable target plate is rotated, photographic paper is put In on the target surface of parallel light tube;System under test (SUT) emits laser, is formed on photographic paper and burns hot spot;It is visible using system under test (SUT) Optical channel observes light spot image, records spot center corresponding reading on system under test (SUT) graticle(), it is translated into Frame-type graduation value(), it is flat in X, Y both direction with visible ray optical axis to calculate Laser emission optical axis Row sexual deviation,
(10).
It is using advantageous effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal:The detecting system that the present invention designs can be used for laser light Axis, visible ray optical axis, in 0.4 μm ~ 14 μm wide spectral ranges of infrared optical axis multiple wave bands, multiple optical axises collimation detection, can The translation and the measurement of paralleism of optical axis are carried out in the range of 0mm-500mm large spans, accuracy of detection < 1 ' can be fully met big absolutely The detection demand of most optoelectronic devices.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of a specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of a specific embodiment transfer disc type target plate of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of a specific embodiment mid-infrared light source of the invention.
In figure:1st, parallel light tube;2nd, the first speculum;3rd, light well;4th, light hole;5th, rail plate;6th, infrared light supply; 7th, visible light source;8th, the second speculum;9th, rotating disc type target plate;10th, optical axis translation device;11st, transmission-type frame-type graticle;12nd, thoroughly Penetrate formula cross-graduation plate;13rd, photographic paper;14th, condenser;15th, incandescent tengsten lamp;16th, baffle;17th, reflecting plate.
Specific embodiment
The standardized element used in the present invention can commercially, and shaped piece is according to specification and attached drawing Record can carry out customized, and the specific connection mode of each part is using bolt ripe in the prior art, rivet, weldering The conventional means such as connect, paste, this will not be detailed here.
With reference to Fig. 1-3, one specific embodiment of the present invention includes parallel light tube 1, and the side of parallel light tube 1 is equipped with the One speculum 2, the opposite side of parallel light tube 1 are provided with light hole 4, and the bottom of parallel light tube 1 is provided with light well 3, light well 3 Outside is provided with rail plate 5, and infrared light supply 6 and visible light source 7 are equipped on rail plate 5, and 5 top of rail plate is provided with Rotating disc type target plate 9, annular array has transmission-type frame-type graticle 11, transmission-type cross-graduation plate 12 and photosensitive on rotating disc type target plate Printing paper 13,3 inside of light well are provided with the second speculum 8, and the outside of light hole 4 is provided with optical axis translation device 10.
Off-axis parabolic collimator is by different-waveband on rotating disc type target plate(It is visible ray, infrared)Target collimation For directional light, infinity target is provided for system under test (SUT).The parallel laser of system under test (SUT) laser emission channel incidence is converged to On the printing paper of mounted disc target plate, laser facula is formed.
Optical axis translation device is realized by two rectangle speculum groups with hinge type, and larger model can be realized by optical axis translation device Enclose the translation of interior optical axis.
Plane mirror makes convergence of rays anti-to off axis paraboloid mirror for that will turn back from off-axis parabolic mirror It penetrates on the focal plane of mirror;Light for rotation in future disc type target plate is turned back, and makes light after off-axis parabolic mirror With parallel light emergence.
Rotating disc type target plate is located on off-axis parabolic mirror focal plane, " frame-type " graticle, " aperture " graticle and sense Light printing paper is entered by the way of light path is rotated into light path, and graduation center is overlapped with focus, wherein " frame-type " graticle For transmission-type graticle.
Infrared light supply and visible light source are located on rail plate, by translation, can be provided for graticle infrared illumination or Visible illumination, and then infrared frame-type graduation, the graduation of visible ray frame-type, infrared aperture graduation, visible ray aperture graduation are provided.
Off axis paraboloid mirror reflective structure avoids transmittance structure more difficult the problem of being designed to multispectral form, overcomes altogether The shortcomings that reflective central shielding of shaft type is unfavorable for system detectio, no color differnece can be provided perfectly in the case of reflecting aluminium coated film From ultraviolet to infrared multispectral infinity target, there is small, light weight, at low cost, meet system requirements, institute To select off-axis parabolic collimator.
The pore size of off-axis parabolic collimator should match with system under test (SUT) optical aperture.Synthesis is examined Consider the pore size of current most of more optical axis photoelectric instruments, determine that off-axis parabolic collimator effective aperture is 100mm。
Effective focal length directly affects the alignment precision of parallel light tube, for practical standpoint, alignment precision≤ 12 " just can Meet more plain shaft parallelism testing requirements.
When installation error is on the axis of parallel light tube object lensWhen, according to optical imagery theory, effective focal length, effective hole Diameter, alignment precisionAnd installation errorBetween meet relationship:
(3)
Level, installation error are added with existing machineIt can be controlled within 0.05mm, much smaller than focal length, thus by above formula abbreviation:
(4)
It can thus be concluded that:
(5)
For this purpose, directional light light pipe effective focal length takes300mm。
Light is blocked for secondary mirror less as possible, primary mirror Relative vertical direction tilts 1 ° ~ 3 ° placements, secondary mirror relative level Direction tilts 45 ° ~ 55 ° placements, by adjusting primary and secondary mirror placement direction, incident ray is made to turn back 90 ° of post-concentrations to rotating disc type target On plate.
To reduce secondary mirror size as far as possible, set primary and secondary mirror horizontal distance as250mm, it can thus be concluded that going out secondary mirror size For:
(5)
Substituting into numerical value can acquire:, according to upper limit value and consider amount of redundancy, determine that secondary mirror size is17mm。
On rotating disc type target plate, place by transmission-type frame-type graticle, transmission-type cross-graduation plate and photographic paper three Target.
Transmission-type frame-type graticle can provide accurately parallelism error drift angle, and minimum lattice value is 10 ', is set every 20 ' A frame-type graduation is put, horizontal and vertical graduation range is -120 ' ~ ﹢ 120 '.
Graticle uses transmissive design scheme.According to theory of geometric optics, for focal lengthThe parallel light tube of=300mm, The corresponding groove size of space of 10 ' lattice values is:
(6)
Graticle is a diameter of:
(7)
To ensure groove picture and system under test (SUT) division of the graticule width(Usually 0.01mm)Quite, division of the graticule width is needed It has certain limitations.
Assuming that division of the graticule width is, then groove be relative to the subtended angle of system under test (SUT):
(9)
It is by focal lengthSystem under test (SUT) object lens after, imaging width of the groove on system under test (SUT) graticle is:
(10)
Take system under test (SUT) objective focal length=50mm,=50mm,=0.01mm substitutes into above formula, obtains the groove of frame-type graticle Width is:=0.06mm。
Transmission-type cross-graduation plate is mainly used for providing cross and central small hole picture, line width 0.06mm, center are small Bore dia is φ=0.15mm, a diameter of φ=21.825mm of graticle.
When detecting laser beam axis collimation, photographic paper is threaded to parallel light tube focal plane by rotating carousel mode On, emit laser, ablation goes out laser facula on photographic paper, and then is detected for collimation.
For observation/sighting system of different spectral bands, be equipped with after rotating disc type target plate visible illumination light source and Blackbody source combines with different graduation and provides a variety of targets:
(1)Visible illumination light source is combined with transmission-type frame-type graticle:Visible ray frame-type graticle target is provided.
(2)Visible illumination light source is combined with transmission-type cross-graduation plate:Visible ray cross, aperture graticle target are provided Mark.
(3)Visible illumination light source is combined with photographic paper:Illumination is provided for the photographic paper after ablation, is sentenced convenient for observation Disconnected laser spot position.
(4)Blackbody source is combined with transmission-type frame-type graticle:Infrared frame-type graticle target is provided.
(5)Blackbody source is combined with transmission-type cross-graduation plate:Infrared cross, aperture graticle target are provided.
According to graticle diameter, it is seen that radiant and blackbody source are both needed to selection face battle array not less than 23mm × 23mm's Face type backlight.
Blackbody source can provide infrared illumination, be realized using the controllable incandescent tengsten lamp of power.Incandescent tengsten lamp is located at Near condenser front focus, condenser diameter is more than 230mm, and the light that tengsten lamp is sent out is converted to parallel after condenser reflects Light provides infrared illumination.One baffle behind incandescent tengsten lamp is set, is showed to avoid the intermediate bright limb of lighting source appearance is dark As occurring.
Consider the detection demand of multi-spectrum light axis, optical axis translation device is realized using two rectangle speculums, using two pieces The plane mirror being mutually parallel realizes optical axis translation.It is single in view of the parallel testing demand between the multispectral multiaxis of large span Optical axis translation device span is 200mm, and more plain shaft parallelisms detection in 0mm ~ 500mm span scopes so can be achieved.
A kind of detection method of the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of above-mentioned multiband, includes the following steps:
A, system under test (SUT) is erected on the workbench before optical axis translation device 10, using external equipment by tested system IR, can See that light and other vision signals are sent to computer disposal and display unit;
B, visible light source 7 is opened, transmission-type frame-type graticle 11 is introduced into 1 light path of parallel light tube by adjustment turntable target plate 9;It adjusts Whole detected system position, is observed by video, makes to be located at transmission-type frame-type graduation by check system visible ray cross-graduation center 11 immediate vicinity of plate on the basis of frame-type graduation, records position of the system under test (SUT) visible ray graduation center in frame-type graduation at this time It puts()And the scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between two graduation, it is seen that light graticle minimum lattice value is, then it and frame Scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between type graduationFor:
C, using optical axis translation device 10, infrared thermal imagery optical axis is imported into parallel light tube 1;Infrared light supply 6 is opened, it is mobile to slide Infrared light supply 6 is placed in behind transmission-type frame-type graticle 11 by guide rail 5, provides infrared illumination;Utilize system under test (SUT) infrared channel Observe 11 image of transmission-type frame-type graticle, on the basis of frame-type graduation, record at this time the infrared graduation center of system under test (SUT) in frame Position in type graduation(), thus can calculate the parallel misalignment between visible ray optical axis and infrared optical axis:
(1);
D, using optical axis translation device 10, Laser emission optical axis is imported into parallel light tube 1;Turntable target plate 9 is rotated, by photosensitive phase Paper 13 is placed on the target surface of parallel light tube 1;System under test (SUT) emits laser, is formed on photographic paper 13 and burns hot spot;Utilize quilt Examining system visible channel observes light spot image, records spot center corresponding reading on system under test (SUT) graticle(), It is translated into frame-type graduation value(), Laser emission optical axis and visible ray optical axis are calculated in X, Y two Parallel misalignment on direction,
(2).
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", " under ", "front", "rear", The orientation or position relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", " vertical ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " interior ", " outer " is based on attached drawing institutes The orientation or position relationship shown is for only for ease of the description present invention rather than instruction or implies that signified device or element must There must be specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
The basic principles, main features and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband, it is characterised in that:Including parallel light tube(1), parallel light tube(1)'s Side is equipped with the first speculum(2), parallel light tube(1)Opposite side be provided with light hole(4), parallel light tube(1)Bottom It is provided with light well(3), light well(3)Outside is provided with rail plate(5), rail plate(5)On infrared light supply is installed(6) And visible light source(7), rail plate(5)Top is provided with rotating disc type target plate(9), rotating disc type target plate(9)Upper annular array has Penetrate formula frame-type graticle(11), transmission-type cross-graduation plate(12)And photographic paper(13), light well(3)Inside is provided with second Speculum(8), light hole(4)Outside be provided with optical axis translation device(10).
2. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The parallel light tube (1)For off-axis parabolic collimator, the first speculum(2)For off-axis parabolic mirror, the second speculum(8)For Plane mirror.
3. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The parallel light tube (1)Effective aperture for 100mm, parallel light tube(1)Effective focal length be 300mm.
4. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:First speculum (2)The angle of inclination in Relative vertical direction is 1 °~3 °, the second speculum(8)The angle of inclination of relatively horizontal orientation for 45 °~ 55 °, the first speculum(2)With the second speculum(8)Horizontal distance for 250mm, the second speculum(8)A diameter of 17mm.
5. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The transmission-type frame-type Graticle(11)Minimum lattice value for 10 ', every 20 ', a frame-type graduation are set, horizontal and vertical graduation range is -120 '~ The corresponding groove size of space of 120 ', 10 ' lattice values of ﹢ be 0.873mm, transmission-type frame-type graticle(11)It is a diameter of 21.825mm line width 0.06mm.
6. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The transmission-type cross Graticle(12)Line width for 0.06mm, a diameter of 0.15mm of central small hole, transmission-type cross-graduation plate(12)Diameter For 21.825mm.
7. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The visible light source (7)For LED matrix lamp bead.
8. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The infrared light supply (6)Including condenser(14), condenser(14)Focus on be provided with incandescent tengsten lamp(15), incandescent tengsten lamp(15)Rear It is provided with baffle(16).
9. the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The optical axis translation device (10)The reflector being mutually parallel including two groups, each reflector include two reflecting plates(17), with two reflecting plates of group(17) Spacing be 200mm.
10. a kind of detection method of the more plain shaft parallelism detecting systems of multiband described in claim 1-9 any one, feature It is to include the following steps:
A, system under test (SUT) is erected at optical axis translation device(10)On preceding workbench, using external equipment by tested system IR, Visible ray and other vision signals are sent to computer disposal and display unit;
B, visible light source is opened(7), adjust turntable target plate(9)By transmission-type frame-type graticle(11)It is introduced into parallel light tube(1) In light path;Adjustment is detected system position, is observed by video, makes to be located at transmission-type by check system visible ray cross-graduation center Frame-type graticle(11)Immediate vicinity, on the basis of frame-type graduation, record at this time system under test (SUT) visible ray graduation center in frame-type Position in graduation()And the scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between two graduation, it is seen that light graticle minimum lattice value is, then its scale lattice value proportionality coefficient between frame-type graduationFor:
C, optical axis translation device is utilized(10), infrared thermal imagery optical axis is imported into parallel light tube(1)In;Open infrared light supply(6), move Dynamic rail plate(5)By infrared light supply(6)It is placed in transmission-type frame-type graticle(11)Below, infrared illumination is provided;Using tested System IR channel observes transmission-type frame-type graticle(11)Image, on the basis of frame-type graduation, system under test (SUT) is red at this time for record Position of the outer graduation center in frame-type graduation(), thus can calculate flat between visible ray optical axis and infrared optical axis Row sexual deviation:
(1);
D, optical axis translation device is utilized(10), Laser emission optical axis is imported into parallel light tube(1)In;Rotate turntable target plate(9), will Photographic paper(13)It is placed in parallel light tube(1)Target surface on;System under test (SUT) emits laser, in photographic paper(13)Upper formation is burnt Hot spot;Light spot image is observed using system under test (SUT) visible channel, record spot center is corresponding on system under test (SUT) graticle Reading(), it is translated into frame-type graduation value(), calculate Laser emission optical axis and visible ray light Parallel misalignment of the axis in X, Y both direction,
(2).
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CN109100876A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-28 北京晶品特装科技有限责任公司 More parallel regulating devices of optical axis and the parallel adjusting method of more optical axises
CN109387163A (en) * 2018-12-08 2019-02-26 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 A kind of portable plain shaft parallelism calibration method of heavy caliber
CN109764952A (en) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-17 甘特科技(北京)有限公司 A kind of detection of dither axis, rotating speed measurement method and device
CN110440828A (en) * 2019-08-14 2019-11-12 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 A kind of infinity target generator of automatically replaceable target
CN110966962A (en) * 2018-09-29 2020-04-07 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 All-sky-domain laser parallelism calibration equipment
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CN113447245A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-09-28 南京百花光电有限公司 Multispectral optical axis consistency detection device and detection method
CN113639960A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-12 孝感华中精密仪器有限公司 Multispectral image inclination detection device
CN113847844A (en) * 2021-10-13 2021-12-28 湖南华南光电(集团)有限责任公司 Optical axis consistency adjusting method and device for wide-spectrum multi-light-path observation and aiming platform
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