CN108183050B - High-safety switch control relay driving circuit - Google Patents
High-safety switch control relay driving circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108183050B CN108183050B CN201810164117.1A CN201810164117A CN108183050B CN 108183050 B CN108183050 B CN 108183050B CN 201810164117 A CN201810164117 A CN 201810164117A CN 108183050 B CN108183050 B CN 108183050B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-safety switch control relay driving circuit which comprises a singlechip, a power supply positive electrode switch module and a grounding switch module, wherein the singlechip is connected with the power supply positive electrode switch module; one end of the relay is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a positive electrode switch module of the power supply; the other end of the relay is connected with the ground end through a grounding switch module; the power supply positive electrode switch module and the grounding switch module are connected with the singlechip; the singlechip is driven by PWM signals with the power supply positive electrode switch module; the singlechip and the grounding switch module are driven by an output port. The high-safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the invention controls the power supply anode and the grounding end of the relay respectively by setting two groups of electronic switches, namely the power supply anode switch module and the grounding switch module; the abnormal conduction probability of the relay caused by circuit faults is greatly reduced; meanwhile, through the different control signals of the two modules, the problem of relay abnormality caused by the dead halt of the single-chip microcomputer is solved, and the safety of a relay driving circuit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of relay control circuits, in particular to a high-safety switch control relay driving circuit.
Background
It is a common way to control the on or off by a relay among several ways of electrical heating control. However, for a switch like an electric heating device (a device with a certain risk of high temperature and large current, etc.), a stricter safety precaution control is required, otherwise when heating to a temperature where heating should be stopped but the heating device cannot be practically powered off due to a failure, a problem may occur in that a serious fire may be caused due to a high temperature. The prior art relay driving circuit for electric heating control is shown in fig. 1, and includes a transistor Q4, a diode D2, and resistors R8 and R9, which have the following risks:
on the one hand, after the triode Q4 is damaged and short-circuited between the collector and the emitter, the relay REL2 is in a suction state for a long time, namely, a contact of the relay REL2 is also in a connection state for a long time, so that the electric heating equipment is continuously heated when heating is not needed, the continuous high temperature is easy to cause burning of the heating equipment, and fire accidents are caused;
on the other hand, the driving signal of the triode Q4 comes from the MCU, in the use process, the MCU frequently causes the problem of MCU crash due to reasons such as programming flaws, external high-frequency spike pulse, static electricity, strong electromagnetic interference and the like, the original driving signal is high-level or low-level signal is uncertain after the MCU crashes, namely the driving signal Heat-Driver2 of the triode Q4 is possibly high-level effective driving signal after the MCU crashes, the problem is that the relay REL2 is continuously sucked and connected, and the contact of the relay REL2 is continuously connected, so that the electric heating equipment is continuously heated when heating is not needed, and the heating equipment is burnt.
In order to solve the safety defect of the relay driving circuit controlled by electric heating in the prior art, a safer and more reliable relay driving circuit controlled by electric heating switch which can solve the safety defect is urgently needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides a high-safety switch control relay driving circuit, which comprises a singlechip, a power supply positive electrode switch module and a grounding switch module; wherein:
one end of the relay is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a positive electrode switch module of the power supply; the other end of the relay is connected with the ground end through a grounding switch module; the power supply positive electrode switch module and the grounding switch module are connected with the singlechip;
the singlechip is driven by PWM signals with the power supply positive electrode switch module;
the singlechip and the grounding switch module are driven by an output port of the singlechip.
Further, the power supply positive electrode switch module comprises a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a polar capacitor C2; the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are sequentially connected between the singlechip and the relay; the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a polar capacitor C2; the power supply anode is also connected with the relay through a triode Q1.
Further, the triode Q2 is connected with the polar capacitor C2 through a resistor R4; the triode Q2 is connected with the triode Q1 through a resistor R6.
Further, the triode Q1 is also connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor R5.
Further, the singlechip is connected with the triode Q2 through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 in sequence.
Further, pull-down resistors are respectively arranged between the capacitor C1 and the singlechip and between the resistor R2 and the triode Q2.
Further, the triode Q1 is PNP; the triode Q2 is NPN type.
The high-safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the invention controls the power supply anode and the grounding end of the relay respectively by setting two groups of electronic switches, namely the power supply anode switch module and the grounding switch module; the abnormal conduction probability of the relay caused by circuit faults is greatly reduced; meanwhile, through the different control signals of the two modules, the problem of relay abnormality caused by the dead halt of the singlechip is solved, and the safety of the circuit is improved. The high-safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the invention has a simple structure, improves the safety of the relay driving circuit, and has a wide application prospect in the field of relay electric heating driving control circuits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it will be obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of an electrically heated relay driving circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a specific circuit diagram of a high safety switch control relay driving circuit.
Reference numerals:
10. singlechip 20 power supply positive electrode switch module 30 relay
40. The earthing switch module 50 is loaded
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "coupled" and "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, optical connections, and the like, whether direct or indirect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-safety switch control relay driving circuit, which comprises a singlechip 10, a power supply positive electrode switch module 20 and a grounding switch module 40; wherein:
one end of the relay 30 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through the positive electrode switch module 20 of the power supply; the other end of the relay 30 is connected with the ground through a grounding switch module 40; the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 and the grounding switch module 40 are connected with the singlechip 10;
the singlechip 10 and the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 are driven by PWM signals;
the singlechip 10 and the grounding switch module 40 are driven by an output port of the singlechip 10.
In the specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, one end of a coil of the relay 30 is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply through the positive electrode switch module 20; the other end of the coil of the relay 30 is connected with the ground end through a grounding switch module 40; the two ends of the contact of the relay 30 are connected with a load 50; the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 and the grounding switch module 40 are connected with the singlechip 10; the singlechip 10 and the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 are driven by PWM signals; the singlechip 10 and the grounding switch module 40 are driven by an output port of the singlechip 10.
By setting up two groups of electronic switches, namely the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 and the grounding switch module 40, the power supply positive electrode and the grounding end of the relay 30 are respectively controlled, and the relay 30 is not led to be abnormally attracted and conducted due to the short-circuit fault of any group of electronic switches.
In the invention, PWM signal driving is pulse width modulation, namely PWM outputs 10ms high level and 10ms low level, and the pulse signals are formed continuously and repeatedly; the circuit in the application of the invention can be effectively acted by pulse signals with continuous low level and high level which change regularly; meanwhile, the driving end reliability is enhanced through a PWM signal driving mode.
The output port drive adopted in the application of the invention is output high level or low level drive.
Because the single-chip microcomputer 10 is continuously high or low when it is dead, the output of the port of the PWM signal that is originally output is continuously high or low, unlike the PWM signal, which cannot enable the positive power switch module 20 to conduct the +24v voltage to the relay 30, but the circuit must be that the positive power switch module 20 and the grounding switch module 40 are simultaneously conducted to enable the relay 30 to work. Therefore, under the condition that the singlechip 10 is dead, the relay 30 can be disconnected, thereby playing a role in protecting the disconnection; and, when a short circuit occurs between the collector and the emitter of the triode Q3, the singlechip 10 inputs a non-PWM signal to the control power supply positive electrode switch module 20, and turns off the power supply positive electrode switch module 20, thereby realizing the protection of the relay 30.
The high-safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the invention controls the power supply anode and the grounding end of the relay respectively by setting two groups of electronic switches, namely the power supply anode switch module and the grounding switch module; the abnormal conduction probability of the relay caused by circuit faults is greatly reduced; meanwhile, through the different conduction control signals of the two modules, the problem of relay abnormality caused by the dead halt of the singlechip is solved, and the safety of the circuit is improved. The high-safety switch control relay driving circuit provided by the invention has a simple structure, improves the safety of the relay driving circuit and has a wide application prospect.
Preferably, the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 includes a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a polar capacitor C2; the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are sequentially connected between the singlechip 10 and the relay 30; the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a polar capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the power supply is also connected with the relay 30 through the triode Q1.
In particular, the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 includes a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a polarity capacitor C2; the singlechip 10 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q2; the emitter electrode of the triode Q2 is grounded; the collector electrode of the triode Q2 and the base electrode of the triode Q1 are connected with the cathode of the polar capacitor C2; the emitter of the triode Q1 and the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C2 are connected with a +24V power supply; the collector of the triode Q1 is connected with one end of a coil of the relay 30; in the circuit, the triode Q1 is an A733 type PNP triode; triode Q2 is a C945 NPN triode; the parameter of the polar capacitor C2 is 10 mu F/35V;
in addition, the grounding switch module comprises a triode Q3, a resistor R10 and a resistor R7; the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with the relay coil and the anode of the diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the relay coil and the collector of the triode Q1; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a resistor R7; the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the singlechip 10; the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded and connected with the emitter of the transistor Q3; in the circuit, the triode Q3 is a C945 NPN triode; the resistance value of the resistor R10 is 4KΩ -5KΩ; preferably, the resistance value of the resistor R10 is 4.7KΩ; the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 8KΩ -11KΩ; preferably, the resistance value of the resistor R7 is 10KΩ; the signal of diode D1 is IN4004.
When the single chip microcomputer 10 outputs a PWM-Driver signal (PWM pulse driving signal) to be at a high level, the triode Q2 is saturated and conducted; along with saturated conduction of the triode Q2, +24V connected with the emitter of the triode Q1 passes through the base electrode and then passes through the collector and the emitter of the conducted triode Q2 to GND to form an effective driving loop, so that the triode Q1 is also saturated and conducted, and positive terminal voltage +24V of the relay 30 (REL 1) is effectively output to one end of a coil of the relay 30;
meanwhile, the electrolytic capacitor of the polar capacitor C2 is connected with GND through the collector and the emitter of the conducted Q2 triode to form an effective charging loop, the voltage at two ends of the C2 is gradually increased to 23.7V (C2 voltage=24V-Vce=24V-0.3V=23.7V), vce is the collector-emitter conduction voltage drop of the triode Q2, and the negative electrode of the polar capacitor C2 is close to the GND voltage=Vce=0.3V.
When the single chip microcomputer 10 outputs a PWM-Driver signal to be at a high level, and when the single chip microcomputer 10 outputs the Driver signal to be at the high level, the triode Q3 is saturated and conducted. At this point the other end of the coil of relay 30 is effectively turned on to GND, the relay is effectively driven in motion, the contact ACL of the relay is turned on to ACL-Out for effective output, and the controlled load 50 can operate normally.
When the Driver signal output by the singlechip 10 is at a low level, the triode Q2 is turned off because of losing effective bias voltage and drive current. However, since the polar capacitor C2 has been effectively charged when the PWM-Driver pulse signal is at a high level before this moment, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C2 is also limited by the resistor R6 and the resistor R4 through the emitter to the base of the transistor Q1, and returns to the negative electrode (about 0.3V, and can be the same as GND) of the polar capacitor C2 to form another effective driving circuit, so that the saturated conduction of the transistor Q1 is maintained, and the positive voltage +24v of the relay 30 is effectively output to one end of the coil of the relay 30; the low-level moment keeping effective driving function of the PWM-Driver pulse signal is implemented in a conversion mode through the charging and discharging functions of the polar capacitor C2;
when the PWM-Driver pulse signal is at a low level and the polarity capacitor C2 is discharged to a level where the normal driving current of the transistor Q1 cannot be maintained, the transistor Q1 is turned off by +24v and the relay 30 is turned off; it can be seen that the transistor Q1 is maintained on only by the continuous PWM-Driver pulse high-low level change signal, if the MCU generating the PWM-Driver pulse signal is dead, the transistor Q1 is turned off no matter whether it is continuous high level or continuous low level, so that the relay 30 is protected and turned off, a reliable protection turn-off function when the singlechip happens accidentally is revealed, occurrence of uncontrollable danger is avoided, and thus the high reliability of driving is greatly improved;
if a short circuit occurs between the collector and the emitter of the triode Q3, the singlechip 10 inputs a non-PWM signal to the control power supply positive electrode switch module 20, and the control power supply positive electrode switch module 20 is disconnected, so that the relay 30 can be protected; in the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 provided by the invention, the probability of damage of the triode Q2 and the triode Q3 is very low, so that the disconnection protection of the relay 30 in the power supply positive electrode switch module 20 when the grounding module 40 is short-circuited is ensured.
In addition, the singlechip 10 can output a transient high-level pulse signal at the moment of power-on, so that the relay 30 is released after being temporarily sucked, the same relay 30 contacts are also temporarily connected with the power supply of a heating device, and the abnormal influence is brought to the contacts of the relay 30 by the heavy current at the moment of starting the heating device, so that the service life of the contacts of the relay 30 is shortened. The signal amplification of external interference pulse signals except the singlechip 10 through the triode Q3 also easily causes short-time effective conduction of the triode Q3, causes the contact of the relay 30 to be impacted by large current at the moment of starting the heating equipment, and similarly causes the service life of the contact of the relay 30 to be shortened; according to the invention, through the structural design of the triode Q1, the triode Q2 and the polar capacitor C2 and the mode of combining PWM signal driving and output port driving signals, the relay 30 can be protected under the condition that the singlechip 10 is electrified instantly or an external interference pulse signal exists.
Preferably, the triode Q2 is connected with the polar capacitor C2 through a resistor R4; the triode Q2 is connected with the triode Q1 through a resistor R6.
In the specific implementation, the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the polar capacitor C2 through a resistor R4; the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the base of the triode Q1 through a resistor R6; the triode Q1 is driven in a PWM signal mode of the polar capacitor C2 through the charging and discharging functions of the current limiting resistor R4 and the polar capacitor C2, the base electrode of the triode Q1 can continuously keep a low-level effective driving signal in the PWM effective driving process, the relay 30 can continuously and effectively obtain +24V voltage, and the PWM driving signal is converted into an effective low-level driving signal.
Preferably, the triode Q1 is also connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor R5.
In specific implementation, the base electrode of the triode Q1 is also connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor R5, and the resistor R5 is a pull-up resistor and is used for preventing the triode Q1 from misoperation caused by interference signals before the triode Q2 is conducted, so that the anti-interference capability is enhanced.
Preferably, the singlechip 10 is connected with the triode Q2 sequentially through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2.
In specific implementation, the singlechip 10 is connected with the triode Q2 through the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 in sequence; through the coupling of the capacitor C1, the current of the resistor R2 is limited, and effective bias voltage and drive current are provided for the base electrode of the triode Q2, so that the triode Q2 is saturated and conducted.
Preferably, pull-down resistors are respectively arranged between the capacitor C1 and the singlechip 10 and between the resistor R2 and the triode Q2.
In specific implementation, a connecting node of the capacitor C1 and the singlechip 10 is connected with one end of the resistor R1; the connecting node of the resistor R2 and the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of the resistor R3; the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the resistor R3 are all grounded and connected with the emitter; the resistor R1 and the resistor R3 are pull-down resistors, and the resistor R1 and the resistor R3 can prevent the triode Q2 from misoperation caused by interference signals, so that the anti-interference capability is enhanced.
Preferably, the triode Q1 is PNP; the triode Q2 is NPN type.
In the circuit, the resistance values of the resistor R1 and the resistor R1 are 8KΩ -11KΩ; preferably, the resistance values of the resistor R1 and the resistor R1 are 10KΩ; the resistance value of the resistor R2 is 4KΩ -5KΩ; preferably, the resistance value of the resistor R2 is 4.7KΩ; the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 0.5KΩ -2KΩ; preferably, the resistance value of the resistor R4 is 1KΩ; the resistance value of the resistor R5 is 45KΩ -50KΩ; preferably, the resistance of the resistor R5 is 47KΩ; the resistance value of the resistor R6 is 8KΩ -12KΩ; preferably, the resistance of the resistor R6 is 10KΩ; the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 is 0.05 mu F-0.2 mu F; preferably, the capacitance C1 has a capacitance of 0.1. Mu.F.
Although terms such as a single chip microcomputer, a diode, a triode, a resistor, a capacitor, a relay, a power supply positive electrode switch module, a ground switch module, a load, etc. are more used herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely for convenience in describing and explaining the nature of the invention; they are to be interpreted as any additional limitation that is not inconsistent with the spirit of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high security switch control relay drive circuit, its characterized in that: the power supply comprises a singlechip (10), a power supply anode switch module (20) and a grounding switch module (40); wherein:
one end of the relay (30) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through the positive electrode switch module (20); the other end of the relay (30) is connected with the ground end through a grounding switch module (40); the power supply positive electrode switch module (20) and the grounding switch module (40) are connected with the singlechip (10);
the singlechip (10) is driven by PWM signals with the power supply positive electrode switch module (20);
the singlechip (10) and the grounding switch module (40) are driven by an output port of the singlechip (10);
the power supply positive electrode switch module (20) comprises a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a polar capacitor C2; the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are sequentially connected between the singlechip (10) and the relay (30); the triode Q2 and the triode Q1 are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a polar capacitor C2; the positive electrode of the power supply is also connected with a relay (30) through a triode Q1;
the grounding switch module comprises a triode Q3, a resistor R10 and a resistor R7; the collector of the triode Q3 is connected with the relay coil and the anode of the diode D1; the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the relay coil and the collector of the triode Q1; the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a resistor R7; the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with the singlechip (10); the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded and connected with the emitter electrode of the transistor Q3.
2. The high safety switch control relay driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the triode Q2 is connected with the polar capacitor C2 through a resistor R4; the triode Q2 is connected with the triode Q1 through a resistor R6.
3. The high safety switch control relay driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein: the triode Q1 is also connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor R5.
4. The high safety switch control relay driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the singlechip (10) is connected with the triode Q2 through a capacitor C1 and a resistor R2 in sequence.
5. The high safety switch control relay driving circuit according to claim 4, wherein: pull-down resistors are arranged between the capacitor C1 and the singlechip (10) and between the resistor R2 and the triode Q2.
6. The high safety switch control relay driving circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: the triode Q1 is PNP; the triode Q2 is NPN type.
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| CN201810164117.1A CN108183050B (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | High-safety switch control relay driving circuit |
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| CN108514343A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-11 | 佛山市艾美皓电子科技有限公司 | Double protection temperature control circuits and air fryer |
| CN109471025B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-12-29 | 四川赛科安全技术有限公司 | Method for realizing electromagnetic relay line detection and feedback signal detection by double voltages |
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| CN110618625B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-12-07 | 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 | Control system, control method and electronic device |
| CN114415755B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-02-28 | 河南省医疗器械检验所 | Heating system with failure prevention function and heating method |
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