CN108180870B - Large forgings concentricity testing device and its detection method based on range measurement principle - Google Patents
Large forgings concentricity testing device and its detection method based on range measurement principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN108180870B CN108180870B CN201810005285.6A CN201810005285A CN108180870B CN 108180870 B CN108180870 B CN 108180870B CN 201810005285 A CN201810005285 A CN 201810005285A CN 108180870 B CN108180870 B CN 108180870B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle, including laser detector, detection driving device, control processing unit and display device；Wherein laser detector is mainly made of Z-shaped frame and five laser range finders；Detection driving device is mainly made of pedestal, bracket, first and second crossbearer and three servo motors；Laser detector includes right angle Z-shaped frame and five laser range finders；Driving device is detected for realizing the conversion between non-detection position and detection position；Processing unit is controlled to be used to send control signal to five laser range finders and three servo motors, receive five collected range informations of laser range finder, information of adjusting the distance is filtered denoising, information separation, multi parameter analysis and the processing of optimal CENTER ALGORITHM, obtains the size and orientation of measured piece center position coordinates and center offset.Measuring speed of the present invention is fast, and short the time required to measurement, concentricity resultant error reaches 1mm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large forgings concentricity testing device and its detection method based on range measurement principle, belongs to machine
Concentricity of workpiece field of measuring technique in tool processing.
Background technique
Measuring technique is the basis of industrial development, currently, concentricity measurement is as one of geometric parameter measurement field
Many fields are had been widely used for, most of porose machine parts of band suffer from concentricity requirement, to guarantee the conjunction of product
Lattice.But in many cases, Concentricity tolerance can not be obtained directly or indirectly in process, and can only be passed through after processing
Detection obtains.Although defect has obtained amendment appropriate, but has a great deal of after some products pass through subsequent processing
Product finally because defect be unable to get amendment due to become waste product, to cause the serious waste of resource and the energy, increase
The cost of product.Therefore, center position measurement is carried out in process for the quality of guarantee production product, improves production effect
Rate is of great significance.
Currently, large scale forging concentricity detection technique can be divided into mechanical detection instrument, laser detecting apparatus according to principle difference
With three kinds of CCD detector, two axis for being widely used in various rotating machinerys look for concentricity to work.Wherein, Beijing Institute of Technology develops
DTZ_1 type large scale axiality measuring apparatus out, overcome when previous large scale coaxality measurement it is at high cost, to super-huge workpiece
Immeasurable disadvantage, error source is more and not easy to control, to measuring, environment and testee requirement are high, it is small to cannot be used for
Type component detection field.
The method of laser ranging can substantially be divided into time-of-flight method, interferometry and three kinds of trigonometry, in apparatus of the present invention
In, used is laser triangulation ranging.After the Laser emission that light source issues first, light is generated on the surface of object to be measured
Spot, after the optical effect of object to be measured, light is imaged on the focal plane of placement location Sensitive Apparatus by lens.When with swash
When optical scanning object to be measured moves, the location of hot spot can equally change on body surface, in this way on focal plane
The variation of picture can position by position sensitive detector and find out the variable quantity of object, realize the requirement of ranging.It will be measured
Data reach processing system, realized using algorithm, two testee section central coordinate of circle acquired, thus according to concentricity parameter
Adjust the relative position of measured piece.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages that the measurement accuracy in existing concentricity detection technique is insufficient and easily affected by environment, mention
For a kind of large forgings concentricity testing device and its detection method based on range measurement principle, realize during forging process
To the precise measurement of concentricity, the processing quality of forging on the one hand can be improved, on the other hand can reduce due to mismachining tolerance
It is larger and caused by the wasting of resources.The present invention mainly realizes concentricity during forging process using laser distance measuring principle
Detection.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle, including laser detector, detection driving dress
It sets, control processing unit and display device；Wherein laser detector is mainly by right angle Z-shaped frame and five laser range finder groups
At；Detection driving device is mainly made of pedestal, bracket, the first crossbearer, the second crossbearer and three servo motors；
The laser detector includes right angle Z-shaped frame and five laser range finders, and right angle Z-shaped frame includes first segment,
Automatically controlled telescopic rod is respectively arranged in two sections and third section, first segment and third section；First segment be vertically to, second segment is horizontal direction,
First segment is at right angles connect with second segment one end；Third section is also vertically at right angles connecting with the second segment other end, first
In the same plane, and first segment and third section are directed toward on the contrary, first segment end and third section end for section, second segment and third section
For retractable structure；First laser ranging
Instrument is mounted on the automatically controlled telescopic rod of first segment end, and can be stretched together with end, second laser rangefinder peace
Mounted in the middle part of first segment, and the first, second laser range finder is installation in the same direction；5th laser range finder is in second laser ranging
It the lower part of instrument and is mounted on first segment relative to the reversed 180 degree of first laser rangefinder；Third laser range finder is mounted on
Three sections of middle part, the 4th laser range finder are mounted on the automatically controlled telescopic rod of third section end, and can be stretched together with end；The
Three, the 4th laser range finder be in the same direction installation and it is opposite with the first, second laser range finder；
The detection driving device is for realizing the laser detector between non-detection position and detection position
Conversion；Wherein support vertical is mounted on the central location of pedestal, and bracket side is equipped with the first guide rail, and the first crossbearer is mounted on bracket
The first guide rail on, by first servo motor driving can make the first crossbearer along hang down straight elevator；It is equipped on the upside of first crossbearer
Second guide rail, the second crossbearer are mounted on the second guide rail of the first crossbearer, can make the second cross by the driving of the second servo motor
Frame horizontally moves left and right；Right angle Z-shaped frame is mounted on the end of the second crossbearer, and makes right angle by the driving of third servo motor
Z-shaped frame is realized to be rotated in 360 degree of ranges；
The control processing unit using industrial personal computer as processing core component, by built-in programming software program to the
One~third servo motor and the first~the 5th laser range finder send control signal, realize to first~third servo motor
Start and stop and measurement action control to the first~the 5th laser range finder；And it receives the first~the 5th laser range finder and collects
Range information, denoising, information separation, multi parameter analysis and optimal center are filtered respectively to received range information data
Algorithm process, obtains the size and orientation of measured piece center position coordinates and center offset, and by the size of center offset
With orientation real-time display on said display means, offset result is shown in a graphical form, finally by concentricity
As a result and forging adjustment requirement is shown on said display means in a graphical form；The display device is aobvious on industrial personal computer
Display screen is shown on a display screen by the human-computer interaction interface that software programming designs, and above-mentioned knot is removed on human-computer interaction interface
Outside fruit display area, it is additionally provided with virtual push button control area.
A kind of detection method of large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle, this method content include
Following steps:
Step 1: controlling the rotation of the first, second servo motor by virtual push button, make the first~the 5th laser range finder
Reach measurement position；
Step 2: by the first~the 5th laser range finder measure laser detection system between object under test surface at a distance from；
Step 3: control processing unit is adjusted the distance, and information is filtered, multi parameter analysis and optimal CENTER ALGORITHM are handled, and is obtained
To the center position coordinates of two measured pieces, center offset is obtained by calculation；
Step 4: the size of center offset and direction are carried out by real-time display by computer programming on the display apparatus,
Visual graphical information is provided for adjustment forging position.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention have compared with prior art it is such the utility model has the advantages that
Detection device of the invention reaches specified measurement position in a short time；Laser measurement speed is fast, measures institute
It takes time short, measurement and the display of result can be completed in 5-8min, suitable for the concentricity detection during forging process；Data
Processing aspect uses multiple data processing method, so that concentricity resultant error is reached 1mm, and can reduce scene to the full extent
Ambient noise bring influences；Detection device measurement forging's block dimension range of the invention is wide, suitable for the concentric of most of forging
Degree detection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is concentricity detection driving device structure figure；
Fig. 2 is control processing and display system figure；
Fig. 3 is detection device measuring state schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is same cylinder two sections centre coordinate display schematic diagram up and down；
Fig. 5 is centre coordinate display schematic diagram when two cylindrical-concentrics are placed；
Centre coordinate display schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is the non-concentric placement of two cylinders.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle of the invention, as shown in Figure 1, including that laser is examined
Survey device, detection driving device, control processing unit and display device 17；Wherein laser detector is mainly by right angle Z-shaped frame
15 and five laser range finders composition；Driving device is detected mainly by pedestal 8, bracket 7, the first crossbearer 11, the second crossbearer 4 and three
Platform servo motor composition；
The laser detector includes right angle Z-shaped frame 15 and five laser range finders, and right angle Z-shaped frame 15 includes first
Automatically controlled telescopic rod is respectively arranged in section, second segment and third section, first segment and third section；First segment is vertically to second segment is water
It puts down to first segment is at right angles connect with second segment one end；Third section be also vertically to, at right angles connect with the second segment other end,
In the same plane, and first segment and third section are directed toward on the contrary, first segment end and third section for first segment, second segment and third section
End is retractable structure；First laser rangefinder 1 is mounted on the automatically controlled telescopic rod of first segment end, and can be with end together
Flexible, second laser rangefinder 2 is mounted on the middle part of first segment, and the first, second laser range finder 1,2 is installation in the same direction；The
Five laser range finders 3 second laser rangefinder 2 lower part and be mounted on relative to the reversed 180 degree of first laser rangefinder 1
On one section；Third laser range finder 13 is mounted on the middle part of third section, and the 4th laser range finder 12 is mounted on third section end
On automatically controlled telescopic rod, and it can stretch together with end；Third, the 4th laser range finder 13,12 be installation in the same direction and with first, the
Dual-laser rangefinder 1,2 is opposite；
The detection driving device is for realizing the laser detector between non-detection position and detection position
Conversion；Wherein bracket 7 is vertically mounted on the central location of pedestal 8, and 7 side of bracket is equipped with the first guide rail 9, the installation of the first crossbearer 11
On the first guide rail 9 of bracket 7, the first crossbearer 11 can be made along vertical straight elevator by the driving of first servo motor 10；First
The second guide rail 6 is equipped on the upside of crossbearer 11, the second crossbearer 4 is mounted on the second guide rail 6 of the first crossbearer 11, passes through the second servo electricity
The driving of machine 5 can be such that the second crossbearer 4 horizontally moves left and right；Right angle Z-shaped frame 15 is mounted on the end of the second crossbearer 4, and logical
Crossing the driving of third servo motor 14 realizes right angle Z-shaped frame 15 in 360 degree of ranges rotations；
As shown in Fig. 2, the control processing unit is used as processing core component using industrial personal computer 16, pass through built-in programming
Software program sends the 10,5,14 and first~the 5th laser range finder 1,2,13,12,3 of first~third servo motor and controls
Signal, realize to the start and stop of first~third servo motor 10,5,14 and to the first~the 5th laser range finder 1,2,13,
12,3 measurement action control；And the collected range information of the first~the 5th laser range finder 1,2,13,12,3 is received, docking
The range information data of receipts be filtered respectively denoising, information separation, multi parameter analysis and optimal CENTER ALGORITHM processing, obtain by
The size and orientation of part center position coordinates and center offset are surveyed, and by the size of center offset and orientation in the display
Real-time display on device 17 shows offset result in a graphical form, finally adjusts concentricity result and forging
It is required that being shown in the display device 17 in a graphical form；The display device 17 is the display screen on industrial personal computer 16, is led to
The human-computer interaction interface for crossing software programming design is shown on a display screen, and the above results viewing area is removed on human-computer interaction interface
It is overseas, it is additionally provided with virtual push button control area.
It is illustrated for using apparatus of the present invention to measure upset cylinder below:
As shown in figure 3, first laser rangefinder 1 and second laser rangefinder 2 are for detecting upset bar or pecker appearance
Distance of the face to rangefinder；The automatically controlled telescopic rod elongation that 15 first segment end of right angle Z-shaped frame is controlled when measurement drives first laser
Rangefinder 1 reaches measurement position；Third laser range finder 13 and the 4th laser range finder 12 detect upset cylinder or mandrel retaining ring
Distance of the inner surface and the outer surface to rangefinder；When measuring upset cylinder, the 4th laser range finder 12 is in 15 third of right angle Z-shaped frame
The automatically controlled telescopic rod of section end drives the lower upset cylinder bottom of arrival, detects upset cylinder bottom concentricity；If necessary to detecting core shaft
Retaining ring concentricity, the 4th laser range finder 12 continue to be moved down into mandrel retaining ring, the inner surface distance of air plug gauge retaining ring.
Right angle Z-shaped frame 15 realizes the 360 degree of scannings of upset bar, pecker and upset cylinder surface distance under the drive of third servo motor 14
Measurement；When laser beam vertical press wall, third laser range finder 13 obtains shortest range information, and press wall is as benchmark position
It sets, when detecting concentricity every time, the azimuth information error as caused by vibration is eliminated in synchronous detection base position.
The motion process of the detection device is as follows:
(a), laser detector horizontal movement on guide rail 6 makes laser detector by being moved in press outside press；
(b), laser detector moves vertically on the rail 9, wherein third and fourth liang in right angle Z-shaped frame third section
Platform laser range finder 13 and 12 enters in upset cylinder；
(c), laser detector 360 degree rotation under the drive of third servo motor 14 realizes upset cylinder, upset bar, mandrel
The measurement of retaining ring and pecker surface distance.
As shown in Fig. 2, control program and data processor are developed using industrial personal computer 16, using VisualStudio, work
Software and Matlab combined programming are controlled, wherein Matlab is mainly used for the processing of data；Industrial personal computer 16 and three servo motors and
Five laser range finders are all made of cable and are communicated, and control program includes three servo motors of control and five laser range finders
Operation, data receiver is to receive the range information passed back of five laser range finders, and data processor includes to the excellent of data
Change, filtering, information separates and the volume of data treatment processes such as optimization CENTER ALGORITHM；It is divided into control section in display device 17
With graphic result display portion, in control interface part, operator can be realized by the virtual push button being arranged on interface to three
The action control of platform servo motor and five laser range finders；In graphic result display interface part, be tested forging profile and
Concentricity situation here it is shown that, the relative position for adjusting upset cylinder, upset bar, mandrel retaining ring and pecker for controllers provides
Visual pattern data information.
Data processing method of the invention:
(a) by five laser range finders obtain laser detection system between object under test at a distance from；
(b) information of adjusting the distance is filtered denoising, multi parameter analysis and optimal CENTER ALGORITHM and handles, if cylindrical center position
For (X1, Y1), theoretical distance, that is, cylindrical radius of cylindrical center and surface point is r1, measurement of the cylindrical center to each surface point
Distance is that R1i, each R1 and upset cylinder radius r1 have a residual values, and the quadratic sum of all residual values is f1, using most
Small square law it is found that when f1 obtain minimum value when obtain optimal center position coordinates (X1, Y1), local derviation is taken to x1, y1 and makes it
It may make that f1 is minimum value for 0, calculate to obtain center offset:
(c) rotation center for choosing the 5th laser range finder 3 establishes coordinate system as origin, to obtain in object under test
Heart coordinate value；
(d) size of center offset is shown in real time on the screen with required moving direction by computer programming
Show, provides visual graphical information to adjust the position of forging.
Same cylindrical object, different cylindrical objects are placed with one heart respectively using designed experimental provision, different cylinders
Three kinds of different situations of the non-concentric placement of object are detected, and the experimental result measured is as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6.As shown in the figure
For the data processed result realized using above-mentioned Processing Algorithm, the contour images of specially tested forging and central coordinate of circle position.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle, it is characterised in that: the detection device includes swashing
Optical detection device, detection driving device, control processing unit and display device；Wherein laser detector is mainly by right angle Z-shaped
Frame and five laser range finder compositions；Detection driving device is mainly watched by pedestal, bracket, the first crossbearer, the second crossbearer and three
Take motor form；
The laser detector includes right angle Z-shaped frame and five laser range finders, and right angle Z-shaped frame includes first segment, second segment
With third section, automatically controlled telescopic rod is respectively arranged in first segment and third section；It is horizontal direction that first segment, which is vertically to, second segment, first
Section is at right angles connect with second segment one end；Third section is also vertically at right angles connecting with the second segment other end, first segment,
In the same plane, and first segment and third section are directed toward on the contrary, first segment end and third section end are can for two sections and third section
Stretching structure；First laser rangefinder is mounted on the automatically controlled telescopic rod of first segment end, and can be stretched together with end, and second
Laser range finder is mounted on the middle part of first segment, and the first, second laser range finder is installation in the same direction；5th laser range finder exists
It the lower part of second laser rangefinder and is mounted on first segment relative to the reversed 180 degree of first laser rangefinder；Third Laser Measuring
Distance meter is mounted on the middle part of third section, and the 4th laser range finder is mounted on the automatically controlled telescopic rod of third section end, and can be with end
It stretches together in portion；Third, the 4th laser range finder be in the same direction installation and it is opposite with the first, second laser range finder；
Conversion of the detection driving device for realizing the laser detector between non-detection position and detection position；
Wherein support vertical is mounted on the central location of pedestal, and bracket side is equipped with the first guide rail, and the first crossbearer is mounted on the of bracket
On one guide rail, the first crossbearer can be made along straight elevator of hanging down by first servo motor driving；Second is equipped on the upside of first crossbearer
Guide rail, the second crossbearer are mounted on the second guide rail of the first crossbearer, can make the second crossbearer edge by the driving of the second servo motor
Level moves left and right；Right angle Z-shaped frame is mounted on the end of the second crossbearer, and makes right angle Z-shaped by the driving of third servo motor
Frame is realized to be rotated in 360 degree of ranges；
The control processing unit using industrial personal computer as processing core component, by built-in programming software program to first~
Third servo motor and the first~the 5th laser range finder send control signal, realize the start and stop to first~third servo motor
And the measurement action control to the first~the 5th laser range finder；And receive the first~the 5th laser range finder it is collected away from
From information, denoising, information separation, multi parameter analysis and optimal CENTER ALGORITHM are filtered respectively to received range information data
Processing, obtains the size and orientation of measured piece center position coordinates and center offset, and by the size of center offset and side
Position real-time display on said display means, offset result is shown in a graphical form, finally by concentricity result
And forging adjustment requirement is shown on said display means in a graphical form；The display device is the display on industrial personal computer
Screen is shown on a display screen by the human-computer interaction interface that software programming designs, and the above results are removed on human-computer interaction interface
Outside display area, it is additionally provided with virtual push button control area.
2. a kind of control detection side of the large forgings concentricity testing device based on range measurement principle according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: this method content includes the following steps:
Step 1: controlling the rotation of the first, second servo motor by virtual push button, reach the first~the 5th laser range finder
Measurement position；
Step 2: by the first~the 5th laser range finder measure laser detection system between object under test surface at a distance from；
Step 3: control processing unit is adjusted the distance, and information is filtered, multi parameter analysis and optimal CENTER ALGORITHM are handled, and obtains two
The center position coordinates of measured piece, are obtained by calculation center offset；
Step 4: the size of center offset and direction being carried out by real-time display by computer programming on the display apparatus, to adjust
Monobloc forging part position provides visual graphical information.
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