CN108108566B - BIM-based highway tunnel design method - Google Patents
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- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM-based highway tunnel design method, which comprises the following steps of 1: establishing a terrain and geological model according to the mapping and surveying data, and determining the grade of the tunnel surrounding rock; 2: defining a tunnel material characteristic library, and establishing a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation; 3: according to the overall project design scheme, building a three-dimensional tunnel route, a transverse channel and an inclined shaft space curve model; 4: designing mileage according to each cross section of the tunnel, and establishing a tunnel main hole segmentation model; 5: building a structure model of an inclined shaft, a transverse passage and a portal; 6: building other auxiliary engineering measure components of the tunnel, such as steel bars, steel supports, steel frames and electromechanical components; 7: and (4) carrying out statistics on the tunnel engineering quantity and applying a BIM (building information modeling) model. The invention fuses the terrain and geological models with the tunnel main body, and can modify the three-dimensional line in real time and automatically modify the associated drawings, thereby achieving the purpose of completely embodying the engineering design information in the BIM model and providing help for later model information transmission and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a highway tunnel design method, in particular to a highway tunnel design method based on BIM.
Background
The BIM (Building Information model, an abbreviation of English Building Information Modeling) technology is developed rapidly, and is gradually extended and developed from the civil Building industry to the field of infrastructure construction such as municipal engineering, rail transit, roads, railways, water transportation ports and the like, so that the BIM is also rapidly developed from a design stage to a later operation and maintenance stage.
The three-dimensional design software of the highway infrastructure industry is lagged behind the establishment of standard specifications compared with the building industry, and the BIM application is less in the aspect of highway tunnel design. This is because the road tunnel design work is a highly complex task, and is constrained by many external conditions while considering design efficiency. Therefore, when the BIM three-dimensional design method is applied to the design of the highway tunnel, the constraint problem which is possibly influenced on the project in the future can be displayed in advance and quickly solved; from the perspective of a constructor and an owner, a designer provides an accurate and easy-to-use three-dimensional model, can solve a plurality of management problems existing in the current road tunnel construction, and can also avoid economic losses caused by information loss of a traditional two-dimensional construction drawing, but related reports are not seen at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a BIM-based highway tunnel design method, which decomposes a tunnel model into components with different grades, achieves quick customization and calling along with design requirements by establishing a section template library, a material library and a component library, and realizes quick and efficient completion of tunnel engineering design tasks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a BIM-based highway tunnel design method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a terrain and geological model according to the mapping and surveying data, and determining the grade of the tunnel surrounding rock;
step 2: defining the tunnel material characteristic library, and establishing a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation;
and step 3: according to a project overall design scheme, building a three-dimensional path, a transverse channel and an inclined shaft space curve model of the tunnel;
and 4, step 4: designing mileage according to each cross section of the tunnel, and establishing a tunnel main hole segmentation model;
and 5: building structural models of the inclined shaft, the transverse passage and the tunnel portal;
step 6: building other auxiliary engineering measure components of the tunnel, such as steel bars, steel supports, steel frames and electromechanical components;
and 7: and (4) carrying out statistics on the tunnel engineering quantity and applying a BIM (building information modeling) model.
In step 1, the steps of establishing a terrain and geological model according to the mapping and surveying data and determining the grade of the tunnel surrounding rock are as follows: s11, selecting contour lines and elevation points in a set range according to a topographic map provided by a surveying and mapping specialty, creating a filter group, and defining source data generated by a digital topographic model by using characteristics, wherein the type of the source data is random, a broken line, an external boundary, an internal boundary or a contour; s12, creating a triangular plane through three points closest to the elevation point by means of an 'automatic selection' tool in the filter group, forming a three-dimensional terrain through triangulation network combination on the inner and outer boundaries of the contour line, and building a tunnel section geological model according to the drilled pile data; and S13, dividing the tunnel surrounding rock grade according to the design specification.
In step 2, the step of defining the tunnel material characteristic library and establishing a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation comprises the following steps: s21, defining a tunnel component material library template, including name and type of building materials, concrete grade, strength standard, material performance and chartlet type, and completing feature library self-definition through a feature definition associated layer; s22, determining tunnel building limits according to design specifications and design requirements, designing a lining structure, determining a corresponding surrounding rock cross section, adding and associating the defined material characteristics of the tunnel member, including a main hole, a vehicle transverse channel, a pedestrian transverse channel, an inclined shaft and an emergency stop belt, and completing customization of a tunnel cross section template library.
In step 3, the step of establishing the three-dimensional tunnel route, the transverse passage and the inclined shaft curve model according to the project overall design scheme is as follows: s31, importing the tunnel three-dimensional route data, generating a three-dimensional route curve of the tunnel segment, and defining a stake number; s32, adding pedestrian crosswalk, vehicle crosswalk and inclined shaft sections in a mode of giving a vertical section by using a plane line, then establishing corresponding three-dimensional route curves, and combining all three-dimensional route curve files into one file.
In step 4, the step of establishing the tunnel main hole section model according to the design mileage of each cross section of the tunnel comprises the following steps: s41, arranging cross sections corresponding to different pile number sections of the tunnel on the three-dimensional curve line, and finishing a tunnel structure model of the corresponding section, wherein the tunnel structure model comprises sprayed concrete, a secondary lining arch wall, a secondary lining arch, left and right cable trenches, a central drainage trench, a drainage trench cover plate, a cable trench cover plate, a pavement structure and a decorative surface; and S42, establishing a primary support anchor rod model according to the corresponding surrounding rock, and setting equidistant lofting of the anchor rod unit along the path.
In step 5, the steps of establishing the inclined shaft, the transverse passage and the portal structure model are as follows: s51, establishing the inclined shaft model by setting the pile number and the section and lofting and stretching the section of the inclined shaft; s52, after the model of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage is established, processing a redundant model at the joint of the pedestrian transverse passage and the main hole, establishing a tunnel inner wall outline closed entity model at the main hole where the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage are located, performing Boolean operation on the tunnel inner wall outline closed entity model and all components of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage, reserving the crossed external parts of the pedestrian transverse passage, the vehicle transverse passage and the main hole, removing the pedestrian transverse passage, the vehicle transverse passage and the tunnel inner wall outline closed entity parts, and finishing shearing the redundant parts of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage; s53, adopting a pedestrian and vehicle transverse channel inner wall contour closed solid model to be established for opening corresponding to the main tunnel portal, carrying out Boolean operation on the transverse channel inner wall contour closed solid model, main tunnel sprayed concrete, secondary lining arch walls, secondary lining inverted arches, transverse channel side cable trench structures and cable trench cover plates, and keeping the main tunnel structure; s54, processing the vehicle transverse passage and the main hole lane entrance, manufacturing the splayed access way outer walls on the two sides and the cable trench cover plate into an integral unit, and placing the integral unit in the shearing port corresponding to the longitudinal slope and the plane position; s55, building an integral unit by the tunnel portal structure, and placing the integral unit in an orthogonal mode with the tunnel axis according to the pile number.
In step 6, the step of establishing the other auxiliary engineering measure components of the tunnel comprises steel bars, steel supports and steel frames, and electromechanical and other drainage facility components comprises the following steps:
s61, accurately lofting the auxiliary engineering measure components as independent units along a three-dimensional path;
s62, lofting the transverse steel bars, the steel frame and the steel supports along a three-dimensional path by adopting independent units, and establishing section lofting of the steel bars on the vertical section through coordinates;
s63, arranging the electromechanical and other drainage facilities according to the pile numbers and positions, and projecting the marked lines to the tunnel pavement by adopting a plane.
In step 7, the engineering quantity statistics, the BIM model application is as follows: and automatically counting the engineering quantity of the component by using the established model, outputting a table, drawing a cross section and a longitudinal section, performing a local construction process, performing animation simulation and displaying the construction progress.
The method has the advantage of realizing the basic flow of the three-dimensional highway tunnel design. In the three-dimensional design, the terrain and geological model is fused with the tunnel main body, so that the conditions of terrain and geological surrounding rocks of any cross section of the tunnel main body can be checked in real time, meanwhile, the three-dimensional line can be modified in real time, and the associated drawings can be automatically modified, so that the purpose of completely reflecting engineering design information in the BIM model is achieved, and help is provided for later model information transmission and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are provided, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing a road tunnel based on BIM according to the present invention is performed according to the following steps:
step 1, establishing a terrain and geological model according to surveying and mapping data and determining the grade of tunnel surrounding rocks; according to a topographic map provided by a surveying and mapping specialty, contour lines and elevation points in a specific range are selected, a filter group is created, and source data generated by a digital topographic model is defined by using characteristics, wherein the source data can be one of five types: random, break line, outer boundary, inner boundary or contour; a triangular plane is created for three points closest to the elevation point through an automatic selection tool in the filter group, and a three-dimensional terrain is formed by combining the internal and external boundaries of the contour lines through a triangulation network; establishing a tunnel section geological model according to the drilling pile data; and investigating and comprehensively considering the classification of tunnel surrounding rocks according to the design specification.
Step 2, defining a tunnel material characteristic library, and establishing a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation: defining a tunnel component material library template, wherein the template comprises building material name types, concrete grades, strength standards, material properties, chartlet types and feature definition associated layers, and finishing self-definition of a tunnel material feature library; building a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation: determining a tunnel building boundary line according to design specifications and design requirements, designing a lining structure, then determining a corresponding surrounding rock cross section, adding and associating defined tunnel member material characteristics including a main hole, a vehicle transverse channel, a pedestrian transverse channel, an inclined shaft and an emergency parking area, and finishing customization of a tunnel cross section template library.
Step 3, establishing a target three-dimensional route, a transverse channel and an inclined shaft curve model according to a project overall design scheme: importing the three-dimensional route data, generating a three-dimensional route curve of the tunnel section, and defining pile numbers; the pedestrian crosswalk, the vehicle crosswalk and the inclined shaft sections are added in a mode of giving a plane line to a vertical section, a corresponding three-dimensional route curve is established, and all three-dimensional route files are combined into one file.
Step 4, designing mileage according to each cross section of the tunnel, and establishing a tunnel main hole segmentation model: arranging cross sections corresponding to different pile number sections of the tunnel on the three-dimensional curve line, and automatically completing a tunnel structure model of the corresponding section, wherein the tunnel structure model comprises sprayed concrete, a secondary lining arch wall, a secondary lining inverted arch (if existing), left and right cable trenches, a central drainage ditch, a drainage ditch cover plate, a cable ditch cover plate, a pavement structure and a decorative surface; and then establishing a primary support anchor rod model according to the corresponding surrounding rock, and setting equidistant lofting of the anchor rod unit along the path.
Step 5, building a structure model of the inclined shaft, the transverse passage and the tunnel portal: the construction of the inclined shaft model is completed by setting the pile number and the section and lofting and stretching the cross section of the inclined shaft; after the pedestrian transverse passage and vehicle transverse passage models are established, redundant models at joints with main holes are required to be processed, tunnel inner wall outline closed entity models are established at the main holes where the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage are located, Boolean operation is carried out on the models and all components of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage, crossed external parts of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage and the main holes are reserved, the pedestrian transverse passage, the vehicle transverse passage and the tunnel inner wall outline closed entity parts are automatically removed, and redundant part cutting of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage is completed; opening holes of the pedestrian and vehicle transverse channels corresponding to the main hole door, establishing a transverse channel inner wall outline closed solid model, performing Boolean operation on the model, the main hole sprayed concrete, the secondary lining arch wall, the secondary lining inverted arch, the transverse channel side cable trench structure and the cable trench cover plate, and reserving the main hole structure; and (3) processing the vehicle transverse passage and the main hole lane inlet: manufacturing the outer walls of the splayed access roads on two sides and the cable trench cover plate into an integral unit, and placing the integral unit in the shearing port corresponding to the longitudinal slope and the plane; the tunnel portal structure establishes an integral unit which is orthogonally arranged with the axis of the tunnel according to the pile number.
Step 6, building other auxiliary engineering measures of the tunnel, steel bars, steel supports, steel frames, electromechanical and other drainage facility components: s61, accurately lofting the auxiliary engineering measure components as independent units along a three-dimensional path;
s62, lofting the transverse steel bars, the steel frame and the steel supports along a three-dimensional path by adopting independent units, and establishing section lofting of the steel bars on the vertical section through coordinates;
s63, arranging the electromechanical and other drainage facilities according to the pile numbers and positions, and projecting the marked lines to the tunnel pavement by adopting a plane.
Step 7, engineering quantity statistics, BIM model application: and automatically counting the engineering quantity of the component by using the established model, outputting a statistical table, drawing a cross section and a longitudinal section, performing a local construction process, performing animation simulation and displaying the construction progress.
Claims (1)
1. A BIM-based highway tunnel design method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a terrain and geological model according to the mapping and surveying data, and determining the grade of tunnel surrounding rocks:
s11, selecting contour lines and elevation points in a set range according to a topographic map provided by a surveying and mapping specialty, creating a filter group, and defining source data generated by a digital topographic model by using characteristics, wherein the type of the source data is random, a broken line, an external boundary, an internal boundary or a contour;
s12, creating a triangular plane through three points closest to the elevation point by means of an 'automatic selection' tool in the filter group, forming a three-dimensional terrain through triangulation network combination on the inner and outer boundaries of the contour line, and building a tunnel section geological model according to the drilled pile data;
s13, dividing the grade of the tunnel surrounding rock according to the design specification;
step 2: defining the tunnel material characteristic library, and establishing a tunnel cross section template library according to calculation:
s21, defining a tunnel component material library template, including name and type of building materials, concrete grade, strength standard, material performance and chartlet type, and completing feature library self-definition through a feature definition associated layer;
s22, determining a tunnel building boundary line according to design specifications and design requirements, designing a lining structure, determining a corresponding surrounding rock cross section, adding and associating the defined material characteristics of the tunnel member, including a main hole, a vehicle transverse channel, a pedestrian transverse channel, an inclined shaft and an emergency stop belt, and completing customization of a tunnel cross section template library;
and step 3: according to a project overall design scheme, establishing a three-dimensional path, a transverse passage and an inclined shaft space curve model of the tunnel:
s31, importing the tunnel three-dimensional route data, generating a three-dimensional route curve of the tunnel segment, and defining a stake number;
s32, adding pedestrian transverse channel and vehicle transverse channel routes and inclined shaft sections in a mode of giving vertical sections by using plane lines, then establishing corresponding three-dimensional route curves, and combining all three-dimensional route curve files into one file;
and 4, step 4: and (3) establishing a tunnel main hole segmentation model according to each cross section design mileage of the tunnel:
s41, arranging cross sections corresponding to different pile number sections of the tunnel on the three-dimensional curve line, and finishing a tunnel structure model of the corresponding section, wherein the tunnel structure model comprises sprayed concrete, a secondary lining arch wall, a secondary lining arch, left and right cable trenches, a central drainage trench, a drainage trench cover plate, a cable trench cover plate, a pavement structure and a decorative surface;
s42, establishing a primary support anchor rod model according to the corresponding surrounding rock, and setting equidistant lofting of the anchor rod unit along a path;
and 5: building a structure model of the inclined shaft, the transverse passage and the tunnel portal:
s51, establishing the inclined shaft model by setting the pile number and the section and lofting and stretching the section of the inclined shaft;
s52, after the model of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage is established, processing a redundant model at the joint of the pedestrian transverse passage and the main hole, establishing a tunnel inner wall outline closed entity model at the main hole where the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage are located, performing Boolean operation on the tunnel inner wall outline closed entity model and all components of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage, reserving the crossed external parts of the pedestrian transverse passage, the vehicle transverse passage and the main hole, removing the pedestrian transverse passage, the vehicle transverse passage and the tunnel inner wall outline closed entity parts, and finishing shearing the redundant parts of the pedestrian transverse passage and the vehicle transverse passage;
s53, adopting a man-walk and car-walk transverse channel inner wall contour closed solid model to be established for opening corresponding to the main tunnel portal, carrying out Boolean operation on the transverse channel inner wall contour closed solid model, the main tunnel sprayed concrete, the secondary lining arch wall, the secondary lining inverted arch, the transverse channel side cable trench structure and the cable trench cover plate, and keeping the main tunnel structure;
s54, processing the vehicle transverse passage and the main hole lane entrance, manufacturing the splayed access way outer walls on the two sides and the cable trench cover plate into an integral unit, and placing the integral unit in the shearing port corresponding to the longitudinal slope and the plane position;
s55, building an integral unit by the tunnel portal structure, and orthogonally placing the integral unit with the tunnel axis according to the pile number;
step 6: and (3) building other auxiliary engineering measure components of the tunnel, including steel bars, steel supports, steel frames and electromechanical components:
s61, accurately lofting the auxiliary engineering measure components as independent units along a three-dimensional path;
s62, lofting the transverse steel bars, the steel frame and the steel supports along a three-dimensional path by adopting independent units, and establishing section lofting of the steel bars on the vertical section through coordinates;
s63, arranging the electromechanical and other drainage facilities according to the pile numbers and the positions; the marking line is projected to the tunnel pavement by adopting a plane;
and 7: the tunnel engineering quantity statistics and the BIM model application are as follows: and automatically counting the engineering quantity of the component by using the established model, outputting a table, drawing a cross section and a longitudinal section, performing a local construction process, performing animation simulation and displaying the construction progress.
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