CN108007560B - Dolphin acoustic protection device based on medium-high frequency signals and protection method thereof - Google Patents
Dolphin acoustic protection device based on medium-high frequency signals and protection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A dolphin acoustic protection device and a protection method based on medium-high frequency signals relate to dolphin acoustic protection. The dolphin acoustic protection device is provided with a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching module, a transmitting transducer and a power supply module. Measuring and analyzing sounding signals of dolphin widescription and white dolphin China; measuring and analyzing auditory properties of dolphin and Chinese white dolphin to obtain auditory curves; selecting signal frequency and waveform according to the sound signal characteristics and auditory characteristics of dolphin, and designing a signal source; according to a designed signal source, an acoustic signal transmitting system is built, a dolphin behavior response test is carried out, and a dolphin behavior response threshold is obtained; and adjusting the source level of the signal source by using the acquired behavior response threshold value, and finally determining the acoustic protection method based on the medium-high frequency signal suitable for the dolphin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to dolphin acoustic protection, in particular to a dolphin acoustic protection device based on medium-high frequency signals and a protection method thereof, wherein dolphins are driven to a safe distance range before construction of dolphin-involved engineering such as underwater blasting and underwater piling, and the dolphins are prevented from being damaged by underwater noise generated by construction.
Background
Marine mammals are valuable natural resources on earth, and have extremely high scientific research, economic and military values. China's sea area has many species peculiar to China or rare species in the world, such as Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis), wide-mouth dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), finless porphin (Neophocaena) and the like, however, due to the rapid development of ocean economic activities, these species are very rare species in China, such as the Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis), the wide-mouth dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the likeSpecies are facing serious crisis for survival. Especially, the underwater strong noise generated in the offshore engineering construction period seriously interferes the dolphin sounding and auditory system, influences the foraging and group activities of dolphin, and even causes the damage of auditory organs[1]. How to protect the safety of dolphins in construction sea areas is a difficult problem faced by the marine management department, and has become a problem to be solved urgently by marine researchers at present. The government and the public hope that an effective method can be provided, and the method can prevent accidental injury and mistaken killing of endangered species such as dolphin and the like while developing marine economy and realize 'development of marine economy and ecological protection of dolphin' win-win.
Scientists at home and abroad are also exploring effective means for protecting the safety of dolphin in dangerous areas, and the existing main methods in the aspect of acoustic technology have three types: firstly, the method is driven to sound wall and noise, utilizes and drives the ship, sets up one row of vertical bamboo poles leading to under water on the ship limit, strikes the sound that the bamboo pole produced under water, prevents that the dolphin from mistake goes into the danger area to reach the protection purpose. The method can reduce the harm of the underwater explosion to the dolphin to a certain extent, but is too original and needs a large amount of material resources and financial resources. And the other is a bubble curtain method, which utilizes a 'bubble curtain' formed by a pipeline in water to absorb most of energy generated by blasting shock waves, thereby reducing the influence on the dolphin. The bubble curtain method has large engineering quantity, and the application effect is not obvious in the prior public report. And thirdly, an acoustic signal driving method, which utilizes the acoustic signal in the sensitive frequency band of the dolphin to be transmitted to force the dolphin to leave the dangerous area. The method is simple and convenient, low in required cost, scientific and effective, and suitable for engineering application.
The acoustic signal driving technology is earlier researched abroad, has commercialized equipment, is applied to fishery mis-catching, and finds that: the action effect of the same sound signal driving equipment on dolphins of different species is greatly different[2]. Therefore, whether the sounding frequency band and the signal waveform of the existing internationally commercialized acoustic signal driving equipment are sensitive to dolphins and white dolphins or have a protection effect or not needs to be explored in practice. Due to the influence of factors such as near shore and strong background noise of ships, the driving device for foreign acoustic signalsThe distance and effect are not good, and the distance and effect also need to be continuously researched and optimized in practice.
At present, foreign acoustic driving technology is most researched for the dolphin in the estuary rat and has a more definite effect conclusion[3][4]However, the application effect of the dolphin and the white dolphin is not clearly concluded; as for commercial equipment, the domestic is blank.
Reference documents:
[1]Williams R.,Wright A.J.,Ashe E.,et al.Impacts of anthropogenicnoise on marine life:Publication patterns,new discoveries,and futuredirections in research and management.Ocean&Coastal Management,2015,115:17-24.
[2]
T.,Janik V.M.Target-specific acoustic predator deterrence inthe marine environment.Animal Conservation,2014,18:102–111.
[3]Kastelein R.A.,Verboom W.C.,Jennings N.,et al.Behavior avoidancethreshold level of a harbor porpoise(Phocoena phocoena)for a continuous 50kHzpure tone.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2008a,123(4):1558-1861.
[4]Kastelein R.A.,Verboom W.C.,Jennings N.,et al.The influence of70and 120kHz tonal signals on the behavior of harbor porpoises(Phocoenaphocoena)in a floating pen.Marine Environmental Research,2008b,66(3):319-329.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides a dolphin acoustic protection device and a protection method based on medium-high frequency signals, which are suitable for acoustic protection based on medium-high frequency signals of dolphins and white dolphins and can be applied to construction sea areas, ship shipping, fishing net mis-catching and the like.
The dolphin acoustic protection device based on the medium-high frequency signals is provided with a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching module, a transmitting transducer and a power supply module;
the signal generation module can be realized by a commercial arbitrary waveform generator or chip custom programming, the signal generation module is used for generating medium-high frequency signal waveforms serving as signal sources, the signal sources have three modes, namely 15kHz, 20kHz and 50kHz pulse signals, and the duty ratio is 8%;
the power amplification module is used for improving the energy of the signal output by the signal source and ensuring that the driving equipment reaches a certain source level, is a commercial power amplifier or an operational amplification chip combination, and can be composed of a preamplifier, a driving amplifier, a final-stage power amplifier and the like; the preamplifier is used for matching, the input impedance of the signal generation module is high, the signal energy in front can be absorbed, the output impedance is low, and the signal energy can be transmitted out; the driving amplifier plays a role of a bridge, amplifies an output signal of the preamplifier and drives the final power amplifier to normally work; the final power amplifier plays a key role, and forms a high-power signal from a current signal of the driving amplifier and determines technical indexes of the whole power amplification module.
The impedance matching module is used for transmitting the power output by the power amplifier to the transmitting transducer with high efficiency, and the impedance matching can be divided into narrow-band matching and broadband matching; when the transmitted frequency is concentrated in a narrow frequency band near a certain central frequency, narrow-band matching can be adopted, for example, in the case that the transducer transmits a single-frequency continuous signal or a single-frequency pulse signal, each mode of the invention outputs a single-frequency pulse signal, so the narrow-band matching is adopted.
The transmitting transducer is a device for converting a voltage signal into a sound pressure signal, is used for transmitting sound waves in water, and generally works by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics or the magnetostrictive effect of iron-nickel alloy; the transmitting transducer comprises a low-frequency transducer, a medium-frequency transducer and a high-frequency transducer, and the working frequency of the medium-frequency transducer is greater than 10 kHz. The sound source level of the transducer output by the three frequency signals corresponding to the invention is not less than 163dB (re 1 mu Pa), 156dB (re 1 mu Pa) and 148dB (re 1 mu Pa) respectively.
The power module is powered by a lithium battery or a dry battery and provides electric power support for the equipment.
The dolphin acoustic protection method based on the medium-high frequency signals comprises the following steps:
1) measuring and analyzing sounding signals of the dolphin widescriptae and the dolphin Chinese white dolphin to obtain signal characteristics such as waveforms, frequency spectrum distribution and the like;
2) the auditory characteristics of the dolphin and the white dolphin are measured and analyzed to obtain the auditory curves, the auditory system of the dolphin can make different degrees of response to sound signals with different frequencies and different intensities, and the auditory ability of the dolphin can be tested by electrophysiological testing or an auditory behavior response method;
3) selecting signal frequency and waveform according to the sound signal characteristics and auditory characteristics of dolphin, and designing a signal source;
4) according to a designed signal source, an acoustic signal transmitting system is built, a dolphin behavior response test is carried out, and a dolphin behavior response threshold is obtained;
in step 4), the behavior response threshold of the dolphin is obtained, and the behavior response of the dolphin can be quantitatively analyzed by using three behavior parameters: the water surface distance of the dolphin relative to the transmitting transducer, the times of exposure to the water surface and the times of sending out positioning click sound signals; the behavioral response threshold may be obtained by test trials or by collecting data.
5) And adjusting the source level of the signal source by using the acquired behavior response threshold value, and finally determining the acoustic protection method based on the medium-high frequency signal suitable for the dolphin.
The dolphin acoustic protection based on the medium-high frequency signals has the following advantages and application effects:
1) based on the auditory behavior response test of the dolphin to different sound signals, the invention determines the optimal driving frequency band and waveform form of the dolphin;
2) the technology of the invention has strong applicability, can be used in all weather, can be suitable for different species such as dolphin and Chinese white dolphin by adjusting a signal source, and is not limited by a sea area;
3) the technology of the invention is mature. The technology is simple and convenient, has low cost, and is suitable for different engineering applications, such as sea-wading engineering construction, fishing net fishing, net cage culture and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform and frequency spectrum diagram of a sounding signal of a dolphin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform and spectrum diagram of a Chinese white dolphin sounding signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the waveform and time frequency of an acoustic protection signal (15kHz) according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the waveform and time frequency of an acoustic protection signal (20kHz) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the waveform and time frequency of an acoustic protection signal (50kHz) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plot of acoustic protection signal sound source level versus dolphin hearing according to an embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 8, curve a is the acoustic curve of widespondoid dolphin, and curve b is the acoustic curve of chinese white dolphin.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, the results and operation of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a composition structure of an embodiment of the present invention. The dolphin acoustic protection device based on the medium-high frequency signals is provided with a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching module, a transmitting transducer and a power supply module;
the signal generation module is realized by a commercial arbitrary waveform generator or a chip custom programming and is used for generating medium-high frequency signal waveforms as a signal source, the signal source has three modes, namely pulse signals of 15kHz, 20kHz and 50kHz, and the duty ratio is 8%;
the power amplification module is used for improving the energy of the signal output by the signal source and ensuring that the driving equipment reaches a certain source level, is a commercialized power amplifier or an operational amplification chip combination, and consists of a preamplifier, a driving amplifier, a final power amplifier and the like; the preamplifier is used for matching, the input impedance of the signal generation module is high, the signal energy in front can be absorbed, the output impedance is low, and the signal energy can be transmitted out; the driving amplifier amplifies the output signal of the preamplifier and drives the final power amplifier to work normally; the final power amplifier forms the current signal of the driving amplifier into a high-power signal and determines the technical index of the whole power amplification module.
The impedance matching module is used for ensuring high efficiency and transmitting the power output by the power amplifier to the transmitting transducer, and the impedance matching is divided into narrow-band matching and broadband matching; when the transmitted frequency is concentrated in a narrow frequency band near a certain central frequency, narrow-band matching can be adopted, for example, in the case that the transducer transmits a single-frequency continuous signal or a single-frequency pulse signal, each mode of the invention outputs a single-frequency pulse signal, so the narrow-band matching is adopted.
The transmitting transducer is a device for converting a voltage signal into a sound pressure signal, is used for transmitting sound waves in water, and generally works by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics or the magnetostrictive effect of iron-nickel alloy; the transmitting transducer comprises a low-frequency transducer, a medium-frequency transducer and a high-frequency transducer, and the working frequency of the medium-frequency transducer is greater than 10 kHz. The sound source level of the transducer output by the three frequency signals corresponding to the invention is not less than 163dB (re 1 mu Pa), 156dB (re 1 mu Pa) and 148dB (re 1 mu Pa) respectively.
The power module is powered by a lithium battery or a dry battery.
Fig. 2 shows a working flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention, and the basic principle is as follows: based on the measurement and analysis of the sound production characteristics and the auditory characteristics of the dolphin, the frequency, the waveform form and the sound source level of the high-frequency sound signal are preliminarily designed, then data are collected or a dolphin behavior response test is carried out, and the parameters of the sound signal are adjusted and finally determined.
The present embodiment will be described with reference to the working flow of the acoustic protection technology provided by the present invention, taking dolphin widoschus and white dolphin as examples.
The method comprises the following steps: measuring and analyzing sounding signals of the dolphin widescripta and the dolphin Chinese white dolphin to obtain signal characteristics such as waveform and frequency spectrum distribution of the signals, and referring to fig. 3 and 4;
step two: the auditory characteristics of the dolphin and the white dolphin are measured and analyzed to obtain the auditory curves, as shown in fig. 8. The auditory system of the dolphin can make different degrees of reactions to the sound signals with different frequencies and different intensities, and the auditory ability of the dolphin can be tested by an electrophysiological test or an auditory behavior response method;
step three: selecting signal frequency and waveform according to the sound signal characteristics and the auditory characteristics of the dolphin, and designing a signal source, please see fig. 5-7;
step four: according to the designed signal source, an acoustic signal transmitting system is built, a dolphin behavior response test is carried out, and a dolphin behavior response threshold is obtained, please see fig. 8. The behavioral response of dolphins is generally quantified using three behavioral parameters: the water surface distance of the dolphin relative to the transmitting transducer, the times of exposure to the water surface and the times of sending a positioning click sound signal; the behavioral response threshold may be obtained by test trials or by collecting data.
Step five: and adjusting the source level of the signal source by using the acquired behavior response threshold value, and finally determining the acoustic protection technology based on the medium-high frequency signal suitable for the dolphin.
The invention utilizes the acoustic signal to drive the dolphin to the safe range dolphin, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the dolphin by the acoustic technology, being suitable for construction sea areas, ship shipping, fishing net mis-catching and the like, and comprising a signal generating module, a power amplifying module, an impedance matching module, a transmitting transducer, a power supply module and the like. The signal generation module designs signal source parameters based on the sound production characteristic, the auditory characteristic, the behavior response threshold value and the like of the dolphin, the frequency of an acoustic signal should exceed 15kHz, and the signal intensity should be higher than the behavior response threshold value of the dolphin but lower than 180 dB. The power amplification module can be a commercial power amplifier or an operational amplification chip combination, is used for improving the energy of a signal output by a signal source and ensuring that driving equipment reaches a certain source level, and generally comprises a preamplifier, a driving amplifier, a final power amplifier and the like. Its operating frequency should be greater than 10 kHz. The impedance matching module is used for ensuring that the power amplifier output electric power is transmitted to the transmitting transducer with high efficiency. The signal source output modes of the invention are single-frequency pulse signals, and the module adopts narrow-band matching. The transmitting transducer module is used for converting a voltage signal into a sound pressure signal and transmitting the sound pressure signal to a water body, and comprises a low-frequency transducer, a medium-frequency transducer and a high-frequency transducer according to the frequency, the medium-frequency transducer is adopted in the technology, and the working frequency is larger than the range of 10 kHz.
The invention utilizes the acoustic technology to drive the dolphin to a safe distance range, and avoids the harm to the dolphin caused by construction, sailing ships, fishing nets and the like, thereby realizing the protection of the dolphin. The signal source design of the invention is based on the sound production characteristics of the dolphin, the measurement and analysis of the auditory characteristics, and the auditory behavior response test of the dolphin to different sound signals, and has the best protection effect. The invention has strong applicability, can be used in all weather, can be suitable for different species by adjusting the signal source, and is not limited by sea areas. The technology of the invention is mature, the conversion into equipment is simple and convenient, the required cost is low, and the invention is suitable for different engineering applications, such as sea-wading engineering construction, fishing net fishing, net cage culture and the like.
Claims (5)
1. A dolphin acoustic protection device based on medium-high frequency signals is characterized by being provided with a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching module, a transmitting transducer and a power supply module;
the signal generating module is used for generating medium-high frequency signal waveforms as signal sources;
the power amplification module is used for improving the energy of the signal output by the signal source, and is a power amplifier or an operational amplification chip combination, and the power amplifier consists of a preamplifier, a driving amplifier and a final power amplifier; the output end of the preamplifier is connected with the input end of the driving amplifier, and the output end of the driving amplifier is connected with the input end of the final-stage power amplifier;
the impedance matching module is used for transmitting the output electric power of the power amplifier to the transmitting transducer;
the transmitting transducer is used for transmitting sound waves in water and is provided with a low-frequency transducer, a medium-frequency transducer and a high-frequency transducer;
the power supply module supplies power to the signal generation module, the power amplification module, the impedance matching module and the transmitting transducer;
the signal source has three modes, namely pulse signals of 15kHz, 20kHz and 50kHz respectively, and the duty ratio is 8%;
the sound source level output by the transmitting transducer is not less than 163dB re1 mu Pa, 156dB re1 mu Pa and 148dB re1 mu Pa respectively.
2. The acoustic dolphin protection device based on mid-high frequency signals, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said impedance matching is divided into narrow band matching and wide band matching.
3. The acoustic dolphin protection device based on mid-high frequency signals, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating frequency of said mid-high frequency transducer is greater than 10 kHz.
4. The acoustic dolphin protection device based on medium-high frequency signals as claimed in claim 1, wherein said power module is a lithium battery or a dry battery.
5. A dolphin acoustic protection method based on medium-high frequency signals is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) measuring and analyzing sounding signals of the dolphin widescriptae and the dolphin Chinese white dolphin to obtain signal characteristics such as waveforms, frequency spectrum distribution and the like;
2) the auditory characteristics of the dolphin and the white dolphin are measured and analyzed to obtain the auditory curves, the auditory system of the dolphin can make different degrees of response to sound signals with different frequencies and different intensities, and the auditory ability of the dolphin can be tested by electrophysiological testing or an auditory behavior response method;
3) selecting signal frequency and waveform according to the sound signal characteristics and auditory characteristics of dolphin, and designing a signal source;
4) according to a designed signal source, an acoustic signal transmitting system is built, a dolphin behavior response test is carried out, and a dolphin behavior response threshold is obtained; the behavior response threshold of the dolphin is obtained, and the behavior response of the dolphin is quantitatively analyzed by using three behavior parameters: the water surface distance of the dolphin relative to the transmitting transducer, the times of exposure to the water surface and the times of sending out positioning click sound signals; the value of the behavior response threshold is obtained through a test or collected data;
5) and adjusting the source level of the signal source by using the acquired behavior response threshold value, and finally determining the acoustic protection method based on the medium-high frequency signal suitable for the dolphin.
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