CN107991623A - It is a kind of to consider temperature and the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of degree of aging - Google Patents
It is a kind of to consider temperature and the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of degree of aging Download PDFInfo
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- CN107991623A CN107991623A CN201711208271.6A CN201711208271A CN107991623A CN 107991623 A CN107991623 A CN 107991623A CN 201711208271 A CN201711208271 A CN 201711208271A CN 107991623 A CN107991623 A CN 107991623A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging to integrate SOC methods of estimation, including：Consider that temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery the correction coefficient for obtaining battery SOC initial value and being influenced by temperature and degree of aging；Consider that degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery the correction coefficient for obtaining maximum available and being influenced by degree of aging；According to obtained correction coefficient, the battery charging and discharging electric current i measured is detected and preserved in real time by current sensorbat, rudimentary algorithm is integrated by ampere-hour, obtains the situation of change of battery battery SOC under different temperatures and degree of aging, that is, the SOC estimation expression formulas corrected.The influence of battery temperature and degree of aging to SOC is considered, can accurately estimate battery SOC initial value, while solves the problems, such as cumulative errors existing for current integration method, improves current integration method SOC estimated accuracies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power battery technology field, considers temperature and the battery ampere-hour of degree of aging more particularly to a kind of
Integrate SOC methods of estimation.
Background technology
Lithium-ion-power cell is because of energy density height at present, and self-discharge rate is low, and memory-less effect and monomer voltage height etc. are excellent
Point, becomes one of rechargeable battery of electric automobile most attraction.As the core of electric automobile, power battery is to make at present
The about key factor of electric automobile scale development.Different from conventional fuel oil automobile, the energy of electric automobile comes from power battery, moves
Power battery and its management system are most important to performances such as the power of vehicle, safe operation and economy.
The state-of-charge (state of charge, SOC) of battery, is very important one in electric automobile operational process
A parameter index, is to judge battery dump energy, prevent over-charging of battery is crossed from putting and judging whether to need the raising such as equilibrium cell performance
Can important evidence, and battery management system needs one of key technology for solving.The oil meter of similar conventional fuel oil automobile, electricity
Pond SOC reflects the remaining capacity situation of battery.But different from the Fuel Oil Remaining detection method of conventional fuel oil automobile, battery remains
Remaining electricity can not use sensor directly measurement to obtain, it is necessary to survey physical quantity (such as battery terminal voltage, charge and discharge by some other
Electric current, battery temperature etc.) and estimated indirectly using respective algorithms.
Existing SOC methods of estimation mainly have electric discharge, open circuit voltage method, Electrode with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, current integration method, nerve net
Network method, Kalman filtering method etc., various algorithms there are the problem of it is as follows：
The SOC estimations of electric discharge are more accurate, but need lot of experimental data, and are unsatisfactory for electric automobile in actual row
On-line Estimation requirement in sailing, it is difficult to practical application；SOC estimation effect of the open circuit voltage method in the discharge and recharge beginning and end stage
Preferably, but error is larger in charge and discharge process, and due to open-circuit voltage to be expected, it is necessary to long-time resting batteries group, this and electricity
The application contradiction of electrical automobile, is seldom used alone in practice；Electrode with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is when battery capacity is relatively low or higher, SOC
Estimation is more accurate, and electricity causes SOC estimations inaccurate in interlude since AC impedance change is smaller, and impedance is by first
Beginning electricity, temperature, degree of aging etc. have a great influence and estimate difficulty, are also difficult to realize on hardware, in practical applications seldom；
Neural network needs substantial amounts of data to do training, is easily influenced by training data and training method, processing procedure is complex；
Kalman filtering method is the more algorithm of current research, and the research of various Kalman filtering optimization algorithms is very much, but neural
Network and Kalman filtering method are difficult since system is set, in application, cost is very high without having advantage in battery management system；
Current integration method, also known as Current integrating method or coulomb count, and are current electric automobile applications because method is simple, practicability and effectiveness
Most common SOC algorithm for estimating.Current integration method calculates the charged shape of battery by the way that battery current integrates the time
State, this method have certain accuracy for calculating the electricity that battery is released.However, the chemical reaction inside battery charging and discharging
Process is sufficiently complex, while battery SOC is easily by many factors such as temperature, degree of aging (cycle-index), current ratio, self discharges
Influence, cause power battery SOC accurately estimate it is difficult, it is extremely challenging.Current integration method does not solve also at present
The problem of initial SOC of battery accurately estimates, once because environment temperature changes, the active volume of battery and initial SOC can change
Become.In addition, if current measurement is not allowed in Current integrating method, SOC calculation errors are will also result in, and error has cumulative bad,
It can increase over time and gradually increase.
In conclusion still lack effective solution party for the accurate estimation problems of SOC of power battery in the prior art
Case.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, temperature and the battery ampere-hour product of degree of aging are considered the present invention provides a kind of
Divide SOC methods of estimation, this method considers the influence of battery temperature and degree of aging to SOC, can more precisely estimate electricity
Pond SOC initial values, and solve the problems, such as cumulative errors existing for current integration method, improve current integration method SOC estimated accuracies.
A kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging integrates SOC methods of estimation, including：
Consider that temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery and obtain battery SOC initial value by temperature and aging
The correction coefficient that degree influences；
Consider that degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery and obtain maximum available by aging journey
Spend the correction coefficient influenced；
According to obtained correction coefficient, the battery charging and discharging electric current measured is detected and preserved in real time by current sensor
ibat, rudimentary algorithm is integrated by ampere-hour, obtains the situation of change of battery battery SOC under different temperatures and degree of aging, i.e. school
Positive SOC estimation expression formulas.
Further, when the consideration temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery, battery management is passed through
System obtains the charge and discharge cycles number i.e. degree of aging of battery temperature and battery in real time, and recalculates electricity according to correction algorithm
The initial SOC in pond, can be denoted as γ SOC0, wherein, γ represents the correction that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging
Coefficient, γ SOC0Exactly consider battery SOC initial value when temperature and degree of aging influence.
Further, when the consideration degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery, according to battery
Relation between maximum available and degree of aging, that is, charge and discharge cycles number, is filled by what battery management system obtained in real time
Discharge cycles number, and the maximum available of battery is recalculated according to correction algorithm, μ can be denoted asNCmax, wherein, μNTable
Show the correction coefficient that maximum available is influenced by degree of aging, μNCmaxIt is exactly the electricity under different degree of aging i.e. cycle-indexes
Pond maximum available.
Further, above-mentioned consideration temperature and the battery ampere-hour of degree of aging integration SOC methods of estimation, wherein, battery SOC
Initial value SOC0Itself needs regular calibration, refers to when battery needs are periodically or after a period of time to battery SOC initial value
Again do and once correct.
Further, it is described that battery SOC initial value is corrected, bearing calibration：Cell voltage is up to charge cutoff electricity
Press, close to when being full of electricity condition, according to the open-circuit voltage and the relation curve of SOC measured, correct battery SOC initial value.
Further, above-mentioned consideration temperature and the battery ampere-hour of degree of aging integration SOC methods of estimation are in correction battery
Need before initial value to choose multigroup with a batch of power battery monomer, a part is used for maximum available by degree of aging
The correction experiment of influence, a part are used for the correction experiment that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging；Select electric current
The higher battery charging and discharging equipment of control accuracy, temperature accuracy and the suitable temperature control box of scope and high-precision current sensor.
Further, when the consideration temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery, detailed process is：
A part of power battery monomer is chosen, at normal temperatures, constant-current charge is carried out, returns to power battery fully charged
State；
Then, electric current constant-current discharge experiment is carried out to power battery, obtains the maximum available of power battery, and select
The maximum available C being full of for the first timemaxAs benchmark；
Then, charge and discharge cycles senile experiment is carried out to battery under continuous current, until battery maximum available
Untill the setting percentage for having initial maximum active volume, think that battery life has terminated, and obtains maximum available at this time
The correction coefficient influenced by degree of agingWherein N represents cycle-index.
Further, the cycle-index is depending on the actual cycle service life number of battery and the estimated accuracy of requirement.
Further, when the consideration degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery, detailed process
For：
Set Range of measuring temp and temperature change step-length；
At different temperatures, to the partial power battery cell of selection, constant-current charge is carried out, power battery is returned to and fills
The state of full electricity；
Electric current constant-current discharge experiment is carried out to power battery, obtains the maximum available of power battery；
Charge and discharge cycles senile experiment is carried out to battery under continuous current, until battery maximum available is only initial
Untill the setting percentage of maximum available, think that battery life has terminated at this time, and select maximum during room temperature can use
Capacity is as benchmark, at this point it is possible to obtain under T DEG C of different temperatures, different cycle-index N, battery SOC initial value by temperature and
The correction coefficient that degree of aging influences
Further, above-mentioned consideration temperature and the battery ampere-hour of degree of aging integration SOC methods of estimation are applied to cell tube
Reason system.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging proposed by the present invention integrates SOC methods of estimation, is examined
Consider correction coefficient meter battery SOC initial value that the maximum available of temperature and degree of aging influenced by degree of aging by temperature and
The correction coefficient that degree of aging influences, is optimized current integration method, simple and reliable, it is easy to accomplish.
(2) a kind of battery SOC method of estimation of the invention, it is contemplated that the influence of battery temperature and degree of aging to SOC, energy
Enough accurate estimation battery SOC initial values, while solve the problems, such as cumulative errors existing for current integration method, improve ampere-hour integration
Method SOC estimated accuracies.
(3) present invention provides a kind of more accurate battery SOC method of estimation for battery management system, for safety, closes
Reason, effective use power battery provide basic guarantee.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawings which form a part of this application are used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are used to explain the application, do not form the improper restriction to the application.
Fig. 1 is a kind of consideration temperature of the present invention and the battery SOC method of estimation schematic diagram of degree of aging.
Embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all illustrative, it is intended to provides further instruction to the application.It is unless another
Indicate, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, the method for existing current integration method estimation battery SOC does not have in the prior art
Consider the influence of the factor such as temperature and degree of aging, estimated accuracy is limited, and in order to solve technical problem as above, the application proposes
It is a kind of to consider temperature and the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of degree of aging.
In a kind of typical embodiment of the application, as shown in Figure 1, there is provided a kind of to consider temperature and degree of aging
Battery ampere-hour integrates SOC methods of estimation, is wrapped in a kind of battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation for considering temperature and degree of aging
The battery SOC initial value correction step for considering temperature and degree of aging is included, the battery maximum that considering degree of aging influences, which can be used, to be held
Aligning step is measured, is realized according to the correction coefficient that above-mentioned steps obtain using current integration method rudimentary algorithm and battery SOC is estimated.
Wherein, on battery SOC, battery dump energy and the percentage of maximum available are referred to, wherein battery remains
Remaining electricity refers to that battery is discharged to the total electricity for being discharged and being released in state procedure from current state；Maximum available refers to electricity
Pond from full of electricity condition with sufficiently small current discharge to being discharged the total electricity released in state procedure, this value and temperature without
Close, it is only related with battery design capacity and degree of aging.Battery SOC can be expressed as：
Wherein, Crem、CmaxThe remaining capacity and maximum available of battery are represented respectively；
On current integration method, refer to calculate the SOC of battery by the way that battery current integrates the time, it is substantially former
Manage and be：
Wherein, SOC0Represent battery SOC initial value, ibatRepresent the charging and discharging currents of battery.
On battery SOC initial value SOC0, refer to battery when discharge and recharge starts, the SOC value of battery of initial time.
Consider the battery SOC initial value correction of temperature and degree of aging, refer to obtain electricity in real time by battery management system
The charge and discharge cycles number (degree of aging) of pond temperature and battery, and the initial SOC of battery is recalculated according to correction algorithm, can
To be denoted as γ SOC0, wherein, γ represents the correction coefficient that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging, γ SOC0It is exactly
Consider battery SOC initial value when temperature and degree of aging influence.
Consider the battery maximum available correction that degree of aging influences, refer to be used according to battery maximum to hold and aging journey
Relation between degree (charge and discharge cycles number), the charge and discharge cycles number obtained in real time by battery management system, and according to
Correction algorithm recalculates the maximum available of battery, can be denoted as μNCmax, wherein, μNRepresent maximum available by aging
The correction coefficient that degree influences, μNCmaxIt is exactly the battery maximum available under different degree of agings (cycle-index)；
It is a kind of to consider temperature and the battery SOC method of estimation of degree of aging, it can be expressed as；
In another embodiment of the application, realize that the battery SOC for considering temperature and degree of aging is estimated using above-mentioned design
Meter method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Choose multigroup with a batch of power battery monomer, a part is used for maximum available by aging journey
The correction experiment that degree influences, a part are used for the correction experiment that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging；Select electricity
The higher battery charging and discharging equipment of flow control precision, select temperature accuracy and the suitable temperature control box of scope etc., and selects high accuracy
Current sensor, reduce current measurement errors and ampere-hour integration cumulative errors；
Step 2：A part of power battery monomer is chosen, at a temperature of 25 DEG C of room temperature, constant-current charge is carried out, makes power electric
Pond returns to fully charged state；Then, carry out sufficiently small electric current constant-current discharge to power battery to test, obtain power battery
Maximum available, and select the maximum available C that is full of for the first timemaxAs benchmark；Then, under 1C continuous currents
Charge and discharge cycles senile experiment is carried out to battery, the 80% of initial maximum active volume is until battery maximum available only has
Only, it can consider that battery life has terminated, and can obtain the correction coefficient that maximum available is influenced by degree of aging at this timeWherein N represents cycle-index, due to Cmax(N) value is smaller with the amplitude of variation of cycle-index, therefore can
In the form of being reduced to segmentation, i.e.,
The specific fragmentation value 300 and 600 of above-mentioned cycle-index N, be not it is changeless, can but according to the reality of battery
Depending on the concrete condition such as border cycle life number and the estimated accuracy of requirement；
Step 3：Suitable Range of measuring temp and temperature change step-length is designed, then, at different temperatures, to choosing
Partial power battery cell, carry out constant-current charge, power battery is returned to fully charged state；Then, to power battery
Sufficiently small electric current constant-current discharge experiment is carried out, obtains the maximum available of power battery, it is then, right under 1C continuous currents
Battery carries out charge and discharge cycles senile experiment, the 80% of initial maximum active volume is until battery maximum available only has
Only, at this time it is considered that battery life has terminated, and maximum available when selecting 25 DEG C of room temperature is as benchmark, at this time,
It can obtain
Under T DEG C of different temperatures, different cycle-index N, correction system that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging
Number
Step 4：The correction coefficient obtained according to step 2 and step 3, is detected in real time by high precision electric current transducer
The battery charging and discharging electric current i measured with preservationbat, rudimentary algorithm is integrated by ampere-hour, it is possible to obtain battery in different temperatures and
The situation of change of battery SOC under degree of aging, that is, the SOC estimation expression formulas corrected
In another embodiment of the present invention, if current measurement is not allowed, SOC calculation errors will be caused, and error has
Cumulative bad, can increase over time and gradually increase, it is therefore desirable to do school to battery SOC initial value after a while or periodically
Just.Bearing calibration is to work as battery to need periodically or once correct after a period of time doing battery SOC initial value again, is corrected
Can be carried out when battery is soon fully charged, i.e., when cell voltage reaches 98% charge cutoff voltage (also known as end of charge voltage) into
OK, cell voltage is up to charge cutoff voltage at this time, and a little corresponding battery open circuit voltage changes greatly for battery SOC change, school
Positive precision is high, simultaneously because charging current is sufficiently small, can ignore Ohmic resistance pressure drop and the influence of polarizing voltage, at this time battery
Voltage is substantially equal to the open-circuit voltage of battery；According to the battery data for using early period open circuit voltage method to measure, mainly experiment is surveyed
The open-circuit voltage and the correspondence of SOC obtained, current SOC value of battery is corrected by look-up table according to current cell voltage,
Obviously, data measure early period and storage are more much more detailed, and SOC is modified more accurate, can be realized more more than
Battery SOC initial value is corrected exactly.
In the typical embodiment of another kind of the application, a kind of battery management system is disclosed, the battery management system
Battery SOC estimation is carried out using above-mentioned consideration temperature and the battery SOC method of estimation of degree of aging.The battery management system is more
Accurately estimation battery SOC, basic guarantee is provided for safety, reasonable, effective use power battery.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the application, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of consider temperature and the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of degree of aging, it is characterized in that, including：
Consider that temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery and obtain battery SOC initial value by temperature and degree of aging
The correction coefficient of influence；
Consider that degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery and obtain maximum available by degree of aging shadow
Loud correction coefficient；
According to obtained correction coefficient, the battery charging and discharging electric current i measured is detected and preserved in real time by current sensorbat, lead to
Ampere-hour integration rudimentary algorithm is crossed, the situation of change of battery battery SOC under different temperatures and degree of aging is obtained, that is, corrects
SOC estimates expression formula.
2. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
It is that when the consideration temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery, electricity is obtained by battery management system in real time
Pond temperature and the charge and discharge cycles of battery number, that is, degree of aging, and the initial SOC of battery is recalculated according to correction algorithm, can
To be denoted as γ SOC0, wherein, γ represents the correction coefficient that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging, γ SOC0It is exactly
Consider battery SOC initial value when temperature and degree of aging influence.
3. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
Be, it is described when considering that degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery, according to battery maximum available with
Relation between degree of aging, that is, charge and discharge cycles number, the charge and discharge cycles number obtained in real time by battery management system,
And the maximum available of battery is recalculated according to correction algorithm, μ can be denoted asNCmax, wherein, μNRepresent maximum available
The correction coefficient influenced by degree of aging, μNCmaxIt is exactly the battery maximum available under different degree of aging i.e. cycle-indexes.
4. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
It is the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of above-mentioned consideration temperature and degree of aging, wherein, battery SOC initial value SOC0Itself
Regular calibration is needed, is referred to when battery needs are regular or once corrected being done again to battery SOC initial value after a period of time.
5. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 4 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
It is described to be corrected to battery SOC initial value, bearing calibration：Cell voltage is up to charge cutoff voltage, close to fully charged shape
During state, according to the open-circuit voltage and the relation curve of SOC measured, battery SOC initial value is corrected.
6. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
It is that the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of above-mentioned consideration temperature and degree of aging need before the initial value of correction battery
Choose multigroup real for the correction that maximum available is influenced by degree of aging with a batch of power battery monomer, a part
Test, a part is used for the correction experiment that battery SOC initial value is influenced by temperature and degree of aging；Select current control accuracy higher
Battery charging and discharging equipment, temperature accuracy and the suitable temperature control box of scope and high-precision current sensor.
7. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 or 2 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its
It is characterized in, when the consideration temperature and degree of aging are corrected the initial value of battery, detailed process is：
A part of power battery monomer is chosen, at normal temperatures, constant-current charge is carried out, power battery is returned to fully charged shape
State；
Then, electric current constant-current discharge experiment is carried out to power battery, obtains the maximum available of power battery, and select first
The secondary maximum available C being full ofmaxAs benchmark；
Then, charge and discharge cycles senile experiment is carried out to battery under continuous current, until battery maximum available is only first
Untill the setting percentage of beginning maximum available, think that battery life has terminated at this time, obtain maximum available by old
The correction coefficient that change degree influencesWherein N represents cycle-index.
8. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 7 integrates SOC methods of estimation, its feature
It is that the cycle-index is depending on the actual cycle service life number of battery and the estimated accuracy of requirement.
9. the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of a kind of consideration temperature and degree of aging as described in claim 1 or 3, its
It is characterized in, when the consideration degree of aging influences to be corrected the maximum available of battery, detailed process is：
Set Range of measuring temp and temperature change step-length；
At different temperatures, to the partial power battery cell of selection, constant-current charge is carried out, returns to power battery fully charged
State；
Electric current constant-current discharge experiment is carried out to power battery, obtains the maximum available of power battery；
Charge and discharge cycles senile experiment is carried out to battery under continuous current, until battery maximum available only has initial maximum
Maximum available when untill the setting percentage of active volume, thinking that battery life has terminated at this time, and selecting room temperature
As benchmark, at this point it is possible to obtain under T DEG C of different temperatures, different cycle-index N, battery SOC initial value is by temperature and aging
The correction coefficient that degree influences
10. a kind of battery ampere-hour for considering temperature and degree of aging as claimed in claim 1 integrates SOC methods of estimation, it is special
Sign is that the battery ampere-hour integration SOC methods of estimation of the consideration temperature and degree of aging are applied to battery management system.
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