CN107977038A - solar array voltage compensating device - Google Patents
solar array voltage compensating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107977038A CN107977038A CN201711452557.9A CN201711452557A CN107977038A CN 107977038 A CN107977038 A CN 107977038A CN 201711452557 A CN201711452557 A CN 201711452557A CN 107977038 A CN107977038 A CN 107977038A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/625—Regulating voltage or current wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is ac or dc
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Abstract
Solar array voltage compensating device belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field, more particularly to a kind of solar array voltage compensating device.The present invention provides a kind of solar array voltage compensating device.The present invention includes string formation voltage sample circuit, pwm voltage compensation circuit, output switch parameter control circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and master cpu circuit, the sampled signal output port of its structural feature string formation voltage sample circuit is connected with the sampled signal input port of master cpu circuit, the control signal output mouth of the master cpu circuit control signal input mouth with pwm voltage compensation circuit respectively, the control signal input mouth of output switch parameter control circuit is connected, the control signal output mouth of keyboard circuit is connected with the control signal input mouth of master cpu circuit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field, more particularly to a kind of solar array voltage compensating device.
Background technology
The combination of solar panel is connected with diversified forms in photovoltaic array, its essence can be improved directly by the series connection of solar panel
End output voltage is flowed, DC terminal output current can be improved by the parallel connection of solar panel.In most of photovoltaic generating systems, photovoltaic
Solar panel is first connected serially to high voltage, then by each string formation branch circuit parallel connection connected to export larger current.Due to photovoltaic array
There is " wooden pail effect " in power generation, if the voltage for wherein having some branch reduces, other all branches of parallel connection can be caused defeated
Go out the reduction of voltage, so that the output power of whole array significantly reduces.The reason for causing branch voltage to reduce mainly includes
Two kinds：The first is randomness reason, including shadow occlusion, winter snow cover that peripheral obstacle produces cover, photovoltaic battery panel
It is internal it is hidden split etc., these situations cause the amplitude of the reduction of string formation voltage to have erratic behavior and contingency, can cause one
Block or several pieces of solar panels do not generate electricity, and drag down branch voltage, and further influence the output power of whole array；Second is fixed
Property reason, some due to objective condition limit in the case of, it is impossible to be consistent the solar panel quantity of each series arm,
Although or series connection quantity is identical but solar panel specifications and models are different, these reasons will cause each series connection branch being connected in parallel
Road has different operating voltages, and the voltage of each branch can be dragged down by the branch with minimum operating voltage.Either which kind of
Reason, which causes the voltage of series arm to reduce, can all cause each string formation in array to be operated at maximum power point, directly draw
Play the reduction of whole photovoltaic array generated energy.The existing method for preventing photovoltaic array " wooden pail effect " mainly has two kinds：（1）Pass through
Increase bypass diode and blocking diode reduces the loss of power mismatch, this method larger reduction occurs in photovoltaic string formation voltage
Shi Caihui works, and by the multiple power peak points of the appearance for causing photovoltaic array, usually make MPPT tracking be absorbed in it is local most
Advantage, can not make array Maximum Power Output；（2）Solved by installing optimizer on every piece of solar panel, this method is deposited
It is expensive, installation complexity, high failure rate, optimizer run big energy-consuming the problems such as.
The content of the invention
The present invention addresses the above problem, there is provided a kind of solar array voltage compensating device.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that, the present invention includes string formation voltage sample circuit, PWM
Voltage compensating circuit, output switch parameter control circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and master cpu circuit are controlled, it is tied
Structure will put the sampled signal output port of string formation voltage sample circuit and be connected with the sampled signal input port of master cpu circuit,
The control signal output mouth of master cpu circuit respectively the control signal input mouth with pwm voltage compensation circuit, switch
The control signal input mouth of amount output control circuit is connected, control signal output mouth and the master cpu circuit of keyboard circuit
Control signal input mouth be connected, the signal transmission port of the LCD display circuit signal transmission with master cpu circuit respectively
Port, the signal transmission port of LCD liquid crystal display screen are connected；The control signal input mouth of the keyboard circuit and the control of keyboard
Signal output port processed is connected.
As a preferred embodiment, each string formation branch is output and input electricity by string formation voltage sample circuit of the present invention
Proportion sample is pressed, the analog signal sampled passes through the AD conversion module inside master cpu after voltage follower circuit
It is changed into digital signal；
The pwm voltage compensation circuit is boost chopper, according to the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of PWM waveform, PWM
Signal is exported by the PWM module inside master cpu；
The output switch parameter control circuit is to export digital output modul signal by the I/O port of master cpu, after light-coupled isolation
Intermediate relay is controlled, so as to control the operating mode of string formation branch.
As another preferred solution, the function of keyboard circuit and LCD display circuit of the present invention is to set compensation
The control parameter of device, including inspection interval time, PI adjustment parameters and voltage compensation threshold value, and checked online by LCD screen
The historical data of the working status of each string formation and each parameter；
The working status of each string formation of master cpu circuit diagnostics, the calculating for carrying out voltage compensation value, carry out real-time closed-loop control.
As another preferred solution, master cpu circuit of the present invention include system clock circuit, download program with
Line artificial circuit and master cpu, master cpu port respectively with system clock circuit port, download program and in-circuit emulation circuit
Port is connected.
As another preferred solution, master cpu of the present invention gathers string formation voltage signal, exports pwm control signal
With digital output modul signal.
As another preferred solution, master cpu of the present invention uses PIC18F6520 chips U1.
As another preferred solution, system clock circuit of the present invention includes capacitance C5, capacitance C6, crystal oscillator X1, crystal oscillator
39 feet of the X1 one end respectively with capacitance C5 one end, U1 are connected, and the capacitance C5 other ends are connected with ground wire, capacitance C6 one end respectively, electricity
Hold 40 feet of the C6 other ends respectively with the crystal oscillator X1 other ends, U1 to be connected.
As another preferred solution, capacitance C5, C6 of the present invention use 18pF capacitances, and crystal oscillator X1 uses 20MHz/
50PPM crystal oscillators.
As another preferred solution, download program of the present invention includes resistance R22, resistance with in-circuit emulation circuit
R23, diode D4, capacitance C4, plug receptacle J1, resistance R22 one end are connected with power supply VCC, diode D4 cathodes respectively, resistance
The R22 other ends are connected with capacitance C4 one end, diode D4 anodes, resistance R23 one end respectively, capacitance C4 other ends ground connection, resistance
The R23 other ends are connected with 1 foot of plug receptacle J1.
As another preferred solution, resistance R22 of the present invention uses 10K Ohmic resistances, and resistance R23 uses 1K ohm
Resistance, diode D4 use 1N4181 type diodes, and capacitance C4 uses 0.1 μ F capacitances.
As another preferred solution, keyboard circuit of the present invention includes resistance R28~R32, exclusion RA1, plug receptacle
The corresponding connection of 2~6 feet with exclusion RA1,64~60 feet of U1 respectively of 1~5 foot of J2, plug receptacle J2,6 feet of plug receptacle J2 lead to
Cross resistance R28 with 16 feet of U1 to be connected, 7 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R29 with 15 feet of U1,8 feet of plug receptacle J2
It is connected by resistance R30 with 14 feet of U1,9 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R31 with 13 feet of U1, and the 10 of plug receptacle J2
Foot is connected by resistance R32 with 12 feet of U1, and 1 foot of exclusion RA1 is connected with power supply VCC.
As another preferred solution, resistance R28~R32 of the present invention uses 20 Ohmic resistances, and exclusion RA1 is used
1K*5 exclusions.
As another preferred solution, LCD display circuit of the present invention includes resistance R24~R27, NPN triode
12~18 feet of Q4, LM24064DFC chip J3, J3 are corresponding with 55~49 feet of U1 respectively to be connected, 19 feet of J3 and 33 feet of U1
Be connected, 20 feet of J3 are connected by 4 feet of the resistance R27 respectively with resistance R26 one end, J3, the resistance R26 other ends respectively with power supply
3 feet of VCC, J3 are connected；
21 feet of J3 are connected with the emitter of NPN triode Q4, the collector of NPN triode Q4 respectively with power supply VCC, resistance
R24 one end is connected, and 36 feet of the resistance R24 other ends respectively with resistance R25 one end, U1 are connected, the resistance R25 other ends and NPN tri-
The base stage of pole pipe Q4 is connected；
22,1, the 2 feet ground connection of J3,11 feet of J3 are connected with 58 feet of U1, and 10 feet of J3 are connected with 30 feet of U1,8~5 feet of J3
The corresponding connection of 32,31,34,35 feet respectively with U1.
As another preferred solution, resistance R24, R25 of the present invention use 820 Ohmic resistances, and resistance R26 is used
51K Ohmic resistances, resistance R27 use 6K Ohmic resistances, and NPN triode Q4 uses 9014 type triodes.
As another preferred solution, keyboard of the present invention uses 5 × 5 keyboard.
As another preferred solution, LCD liquid crystal display screen of the present invention uses the LCD liquid crystals of 240 × 64 pixels
Display screen.
As another preferred solution, boost chopper of the present invention include inductance L1~L3, diode D1~D3,
Resistance R1~R6, field-effect tube Q1~Q3, capacitance C1~C3, TLP250F chips U3~U5；
3 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R1 with 2 feet of U3,3 feet of U3 ground connection, 8 feet of U3 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U3 respectively with U3
7 feet, resistance R2 one end be connected, the resistance R2 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q1, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q1 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C1 one end, the capacitance C1 other ends respectively with Uo1 ends, the cathode of diode D1, relay K1 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K1 is connected with Ui1 ends, inductance L1 one end respectively, the inductance L1 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D1, field-effect tube Q1 is connected respectively；
6 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R3 with 2 feet of U4,3 feet of U4 ground connection, 8 feet of U4 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U4 respectively with U4
7 feet, resistance R4 one end be connected, the resistance R4 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q2, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q2 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C2 one end, the capacitance C2 other ends respectively with Uo2 ends, the cathode of diode D2, relay K2 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K2 is connected with Ui2 ends, inductance L2 one end respectively, the inductance L2 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D2, field-effect tube Q2 is connected respectively；
8 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R5 with 2 feet of U5,3 feet of U5 ground connection, 8 feet of U5 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U5 respectively with U5
7 feet, resistance R6 one end be connected, the resistance R6 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q3, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q3 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C3 one end, the capacitance C3 other ends respectively with Uo3 ends, the cathode of diode D3, relay K3 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K3 is connected with Ui3 ends, inductance L3 one end respectively, the inductance L3 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D3, field-effect tube Q3 is connected respectively.
As another preferred solution, inductance L1~L3 of the present invention uses 330 μ H inductance, and diode D1~D3 is used
MUR30100 diodes, resistance R1, R3, R5 use 300 Ohmic resistances, and resistance R2, R4, R6 use 1K Ohmic resistances, field-effect
Pipe Q1~Q3 uses KIA12N60H type field-effect tube, and capacitance C1~C3 uses 33 μ F capacitances.
As another preferred solution, output switch parameter control circuit of the present invention include TLP521-4 chips U2, after
6,4,2 feet of electric appliance K1~K3,46,47,48 feet of resistance R7~R9, U1 respectively with U2 are corresponding to be connected, and 1 foot of U2 passes through resistance
R7 is connected with power supply VCC, and 3 feet of U2 are connected by resistance R8 with power supply VCC, and 5 feet of U2 pass through resistance R9 and power supply VCC phases
Even；
16,14,12 feet of U2 are connected with power supply V, 15,13,11 feet of U2 respectively with relay K1 control terminals one end, relay
K2 control terminals one end, relay K3 control terminals one end are connected, and the relay K1 control terminals other end, relay K2 control terminals are another
End, another termination AGND ends of relay K3 control terminals.
As another preferred solution, relay K1~K3 of the present invention uses HFE18V-20 type relays, resistance R7
~R9 uses 300 Ohmic resistances.
As another preferred solution, string formation voltage sample circuit of the present invention includes resistance R10~R21, AD8541
Chip CA1~CA6, resistance R10 one end are connected with Ui1 ends, the resistance R10 other ends respectively with resistance R11 one end, the 3 foot phases of CA1
Even, another termination AGND ends of resistance R11 are connected, and 6 feet with CA1,24 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA1 respectively；
Resistance R14 one end is connected with Ui2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R14 other ends respectively with resistance R15 one end, CA3 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R15 are connected, and 6 feet with CA3,22 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA3 respectively；
Resistance R18 one end is connected with Ui3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R18 other ends respectively with resistance R19 one end, CA5 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R19 are connected, and 6 feet with CA5,18 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA5 respectively；
Resistance R12 one end is connected with Uo1 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R12 other ends respectively with resistance R13 one end, CA2 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R13 are connected, and 6 feet with CA2,23 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA2 respectively；
Resistance R16 one end is connected with Uo2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R16 other ends respectively with resistance R17 one end, CA4 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R17 are connected, and 6 feet with CA4,21 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA4 respectively；
Resistance R20 one end is connected with Uo3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R20 other ends respectively with resistance R21 one end, CA6 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R21 are connected, and 6 feet with CA6,17 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA6 respectively.
Secondly, resistance R10, R14, R18, R12, R16, R20 of the present invention use 200K Ohmic resistances, resistance R11,
R15, R19, R13, R17, R21 use 1K Ohmic resistances.
In addition, when the present invention starts to work, first with keyboard to set up system initial parameter, including inspection interval time, PI tune
Save parameter, voltage compensation threshold value Uth1、Uth2, K1 is closed, opens K2~Kn, at this moment only first via photovoltaic string formation output power,
Gather the magnitude of voltage U of first via string formationi1；Magnitude of voltage U when each branch works independently is gathered successivelyi1~Uin, choose wherein maximum
Value is used as reference point Upref；By the magnitude of voltage U of each string formation branchiWith UprefIt is compared, for meeting（Upref—Ui）<Uth1's
Branch closes corresponding intermediate relay Ki, voltage compensating circuit is not worked, and reduces power attenuation；For not meeting
（Upref—Ui）<Uth1Branch open corresponding intermediate relay Ki, start voltage compensating function, by the voltage of the string formation branch
UiWith UprefIt is compared, with UprefTarget carries out PI adjustings in order to control, and it is α that the regulated quantity obtained more afterwards, which is changed into duty cycle,
PWM square-wave signal driving FET Qi, make UoIt is promoted to Upref；Gather Uout, calculate UprefWith UoutDifference；It is if poor
Value is more than Uth2, then it represents that still there is branch to need offset voltage, return to program beginning and re-execute；If difference is less than Uth2,
Then represent that each branch voltage of array has returned to normal condition, into timing inspection state, detects U at regular intervalspref
With UoutDifference whether be more than threshold value Uth2, if greater than threshold value Uth2Then repeat the above steps and carry out voltage compensation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
The present invention includes string formation voltage sample circuit, pwm voltage compensation circuit, output switch parameter control circuit, key
Disk circuit, LCD display circuit and master cpu circuit, photovoltaic array each group can be detected in real time by string formation voltage sample circuit
The working status of string, the photovoltaic string formation that voltage can be reduced by pwm voltage compensation circuit, output switch parameter control circuit
Voltage compensation is carried out, each string formation voltage is maintained at normal condition, avoids the generation of " wooden pail effect ".
It is simple installation of the present invention, low cost, safe and reliable.
For the present invention in use, sealing in compensation device of the present invention in the branch of conventional photovoltaic array, system structure is simple, right
There is preferable applicability in connection in series-parallel photovoltaic array.Compensation device cost is low, and the operation to photovoltaic system has larger practicality
Value.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.The scope of the present invention not only limits to
In the statement of herein below.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the present invention and the connection diagram of photovoltaic array；
Fig. 3-1,3-2 are the physical circuit schematic diagram a of the present invention；
Fig. 4-1,4-2 are the physical circuit schematic diagram b of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the intelligent voltage compensation principle figure of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the control program flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in the figure, the present invention includes string formation voltage sample circuit, pwm voltage compensation circuit, output switch parameter control
Circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and master cpu circuit processed, the sampled signal output port of string formation voltage sample circuit
It is connected with the sampled signal input port of master cpu circuit, the control signal output mouth of master cpu circuit is controlled with PWM respectively
The control signal input mouth of voltage compensating circuit processed, the control signal input mouth of output switch parameter control circuit are connected, key
The control signal output mouth of disk circuit is connected with the control signal input mouth of master cpu circuit, the letter of LCD display circuit
The signal transmission port with master cpu circuit, the signal transmission port of LCD liquid crystal display screen are connected respectively for number transmission port；Institute
The control signal input mouth of keyboard circuit is stated with the control signal output mouth of keyboard to be connected.
The string formation voltage sample circuit outputs and inputs voltage scale sampling by each string formation branch, samples
Analog signal is changed into digital signal after voltage follower circuit by the AD conversion module inside master cpu；
The pwm voltage compensation circuit is boost chopper, according to the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of PWM waveform, PWM
Signal is exported by the PWM module inside master cpu；
The output switch parameter control circuit is to export digital output modul signal by the I/O port of master cpu, after light-coupled isolation
Intermediate relay is controlled, so as to control the operating mode of string formation branch；
The function of keyboard circuit and the LCD display circuit is used for the control parameter for setting compensation device, including inspection interval
Time, PI adjustment parameters and voltage compensation threshold value, and check the working status of each string formation and going through for each parameter online by LCD screen
History data；
The working status of each string formation of master cpu circuit diagnostics, the calculating for carrying out voltage compensation value, carry out real-time closed-loop control.
Compensation device of the present invention can make photovoltaic array be constantly in maximum power output state, will not produce array output
Multiple power peak points, do not influence tracking performance of the rear end to maximum power point.
Voltage mismatch situation is detected using timing method for inspecting；By judging string formation voltage drop-out value whether beyond setting threshold
Value, determines whether to start voltage compensating function；By the output switch parameter control circuit, the branch to pressure regulation is not required
Do not start voltage compensating function, so as to reduce power consumption..
The master cpu circuit includes system clock circuit, download program and in-circuit emulation circuit and master cpu, master control
Cpu port is connected with system clock circuit port, download program with in-circuit emulation circuit port respectively.
The master cpu gathers string formation voltage signal, exports pwm control signal and digital output modul signal.
The master cpu uses PIC18F6520 chips U1.PIC18F6520 chips gather string formation voltage signal, output
Pwm control signal and digital output modul signal.The present invention carries out signal acquisition, data processing using PIC18F6520 as CPU
With control in real time, the internal hardware resources of the chip can at most meet the intelligent voltage compensation to 6 tunnel string formations, if necessary at the same time
Voltage compensation is carried out to more multichannel photovoltaic string formation, can be by increasing peripheral circuit or selecting the more chips of internal hardware resources.
It is described system clock circuit include capacitance C5, capacitance C6, crystal oscillator X1, crystal oscillator X1 one end respectively with capacitance C5 one end, U1
39 feet be connected, the capacitance C5 other ends are connected with ground wire, capacitance C6 one end respectively, and the capacitance C6 other ends are another with crystal oscillator X1 respectively
End, 40 feet of U1 are connected.
Described capacitance C5, C6 use 18pF capacitances, and crystal oscillator X1 uses 20MHz/50PPM crystal oscillators.
Described program is downloaded includes resistance R22, resistance R23, diode D4, capacitance C4, plug receptacle with in-circuit emulation circuit
J1, resistance R22 one end are connected with power supply VCC, diode D4 cathodes respectively, the resistance R22 other ends respectively with capacitance C4 one end, two
Pole pipe D4 anodes, resistance R23 one end are connected, and capacitance C4 other ends ground connection, the resistance R23 other ends are connected with 1 foot of plug receptacle J1.
The resistance R22 uses 10K Ohmic resistances, and resistance R23 uses 1K Ohmic resistances, and diode D4 uses 1N4181 types
Diode, capacitance C4 use 0.1 μ F capacitances.
The keyboard circuit include resistance R28~R32, exclusion RA1, plug receptacle J2, plug receptacle J2 1~5 foot respectively with
2~6 feet of exclusion RA1,64~60 feet of U1 correspond to connection, and 6 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R28 with 16 feet of U1,
7 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R29 with 15 feet of U1, the 14 foot phases that 8 feet of plug receptacle J2 pass through resistance R30 and U1
Even, 9 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R31 with 13 feet of U1,12 feet that 10 feet of plug receptacle J2 pass through resistance R32 and U1
It is connected, 1 foot of exclusion RA1 is connected with power supply VCC.The keyboard that keyboard circuit passes through plug receptacle J2 connections 5 × 5.Resistance R28~
R32 plays button stabilization function.
Resistance R28~the R32 uses 20 Ohmic resistances, and exclusion RA1 uses 1K*5 exclusions.
The LCD display circuit includes resistance R24~R27, the 12 of NPN triode Q4, LM24064DFC chip J3, J3
~18 feet are corresponding with 55~49 feet of U1 respectively to be connected, and 19 feet of J3 are connected with 33 feet of U1, and 20 feet of J3 are divided by resistance R27
4 feet not with resistance R26 one end, J3 are connected, and the resistance R26 other ends are connected with 3 feet of power supply VCC, J3 respectively；
21 feet of J3 are connected with the emitter of NPN triode Q4, the collector of NPN triode Q4 respectively with power supply VCC, resistance
R24 one end is connected, and 36 feet of the resistance R24 other ends respectively with resistance R25 one end, U1 are connected, the resistance R25 other ends and NPN tri-
The base stage of pole pipe Q4 is connected；
22,1, the 2 feet ground connection of J3,11 feet of J3 are connected with 58 feet of U1, and 10 feet of J3 are connected with 30 feet of U1,8~5 feet of J3
The corresponding connection of 32,31,34,35 feet respectively with U1.Pass through the LCD liquid crystal display screen of 240 × 64 pixel of plug receptacle J3 connections.
Described resistance R24, R25 use 820 Ohmic resistances, and resistance R26 uses 51K Ohmic resistances, and resistance R27 uses 6K Europe
Nurse resistance, NPN triode Q4 use 9014 type triodes.
The keyboard uses 5 × 5 keyboard.
The LCD liquid crystal display screen uses the LCD liquid crystal display screen of 240 × 64 pixels.
The boost chopper include inductance L1~L3, diode D1~D3, resistance R1~R6, field-effect tube Q1~
Q3, capacitance C1~C3, TLP250F chips U3~U5；
3 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R1 with 2 feet of U3,3 feet of U3 ground connection, 8 feet of U3 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U3 respectively with U3
7 feet, resistance R2 one end be connected, the resistance R2 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q1, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q1 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C1 one end, the capacitance C1 other ends respectively with Uo1 ends, the cathode of diode D1, relay K1 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K1 is connected with Ui1 ends, inductance L1 one end respectively, the inductance L1 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D1, field-effect tube Q1 is connected respectively；
6 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R3 with 2 feet of U4,3 feet of U4 ground connection, 8 feet of U4 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U4 respectively with U4
7 feet, resistance R4 one end be connected, the resistance R4 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q2, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q2 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C2 one end, the capacitance C2 other ends respectively with Uo2 ends, the cathode of diode D2, relay K2 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K2 is connected with Ui2 ends, inductance L2 one end respectively, the inductance L2 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D2, field-effect tube Q2 is connected respectively；
8 feet of U1 are connected by resistance R5 with 2 feet of U5,3 feet of U5 ground connection, 8 feet of U5 connect 6 feet of power supply V, U5 respectively with U5
7 feet, resistance R6 one end be connected, the resistance R6 other ends are connected with the grid of field-effect tube Q3, the source electrode of field-effect tube Q3 difference
Be connected with AGND ends, capacitance C3 one end, the capacitance C3 other ends respectively with Uo3 ends, the cathode of diode D3, relay K3 it is normally opened
Switch one end is connected, and the normal open switch other end of relay K3 is connected with Ui3 ends, inductance L3 one end respectively, the inductance L3 other ends
The drain electrode of the anode with diode D3, field-effect tube Q3 is connected respectively.
The dominant loss of compensation device circuit of the present invention is the switching losses of switching tube, the output power phase with photovoltaic array
Than very small, can ignore.
L1~L3, D1~D3, R1~R6, Q1~Q3, C1~C3, U3~U5 form three road boost choppers, by
The PWM generator included inside PIC18F6520 exports the PWM square-wave signals of three tunnel independences by 3,6,8 three pins, so that
Tri- road boost choppers of Dui Zhe are independently controlled.
Inductance L1~the L3 uses 330 μ H inductance, and diode D1~D3 uses MUR30100 diodes, resistance R1, R3,
R5 uses 300 Ohmic resistances, and resistance R2, R4, R6 use 1K Ohmic resistances, and field-effect tube Q1~Q3 uses KIA12N60H types field
Effect pipe, capacitance C1~C3 use 33 μ F capacitances.
The output switch parameter control circuit includes TLP521-4 chips U2, relay K1~K3, resistance R7~R9, U1's
46th, 6,4,2 feet of 47,48 feet respectively with U2 are corresponding is connected, and 1 foot of U2 is connected by resistance R7 with power supply VCC, and 3 feet of U2 lead to
Cross resistance R8 with power supply VCC to be connected, 5 feet of U2 are connected by resistance R9 with power supply VCC；
16,14,12 feet of U2 are connected with power supply V, 15,13,11 feet of U2 respectively with relay K1 control terminals one end, relay
K2 control terminals one end, relay K3 control terminals one end are connected, and the relay K1 control terminals other end, relay K2 control terminals are another
End, another termination AGND ends of relay K3 control terminals.
Optocoupler is driven by the switching value of the 46 of PIC18F6520,47,48 3 pin outputs, so as to control K1~K3 tri-
Intermediate relay.
Relay K1~the K3 uses HFE18V-20 type relays, and resistance R7~R9 uses 300 Ohmic resistances.
The string formation voltage sample circuit includes resistance R10~R21, AD8541 chip CA1~CA6, resistance R10 one end with
Ui1 ends are connected, and 3 feet of the resistance R10 other ends respectively with resistance R11 one end, CA1 are connected, another termination AGND ends phases of resistance R11
Even, 6 feet with CA1,24 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA1 respectively；
Resistance R14 one end is connected with Ui2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R14 other ends respectively with resistance R15 one end, CA3 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R15 are connected, and 6 feet with CA3,22 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA3 respectively；
Resistance R18 one end is connected with Ui3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R18 other ends respectively with resistance R19 one end, CA5 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R19 are connected, and 6 feet with CA5,18 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA5 respectively；
Resistance R12 one end is connected with Uo1 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R12 other ends respectively with resistance R13 one end, CA2 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R13 are connected, and 6 feet with CA2,23 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA2 respectively；
Resistance R16 one end is connected with Uo2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R16 other ends respectively with resistance R17 one end, CA4 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R17 are connected, and 6 feet with CA4,21 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA4 respectively；
Resistance R20 one end is connected with Uo3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R20 other ends respectively with resistance R21 one end, CA6 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R21 are connected, and 6 feet with CA6,17 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA6 respectively.
R10~R21, CA1~CA6 form six road voltage sample circuits, gather the input terminal electricity of three road photovoltaic string formations respectively
Press UiWith the output voltage U after voltage compensating circuito, voltage signal is defeated by 17,18 and 21~24 pins of PIC18F6520
The AD conversion module entered to CPU carries out analog-to-digital conversion.
Described resistance R10, R14, R18, R12, R16, R20 use 200K Ohmic resistances, resistance R11, R15, R19, R13,
R17, R21 use 1K Ohmic resistances.
As shown in Fig. 5~6, when the present invention starts to work, first with keyboard to set up system initial parameter, including during inspection interval
Between（When control wherein compensates all the way, CPU does not receive the detection signal on other roads, device power saving, and energy consumption is low）, PI adjust ginseng
Number, voltage compensation threshold value Uth1、Uth2, K1 is closed, opens K2~Kn, at this moment only first via photovoltaic string formation output power, collection
The magnitude of voltage U of first via string formationi1；Gather magnitude of voltage U when each branch works independently successively in the methodi1~Uin, choose it
Middle maximum is as reference point Upref；By the magnitude of voltage U of each string formation branchiWith UprefIt is compared, for meeting（Upref—Ui）<
Uth1Branch close corresponding intermediate relay Ki, voltage compensating circuit is not worked, reduce power attenuation；For not meeting
（Upref—Ui）<Uth1Branch open corresponding intermediate relay Ki, start voltage compensating function, by the voltage of the string formation branch
UiWith UprefIt is compared, with UprefTarget carries out PI adjustings in order to control, and it is α that the regulated quantity obtained more afterwards, which is changed into duty cycle,
PWM square-wave signal driving FET Qi, make UoIt is promoted to Upref；Gather Uout, calculate UprefWith UoutDifference；It is if poor
Value is more than Uth2, then it represents that still there is branch to need offset voltage, return to program beginning and re-execute；If difference is less than Uth2,
Then represent that each branch voltage of array has returned to normal condition, into timing inspection state, detects U at regular intervalspref
With UoutDifference whether be more than threshold value Uth2, if greater than threshold value Uth2Then repeat the above steps and carry out voltage compensation.
The present invention is in use, only need compensation device of the present invention being concatenated between photovoltaic string formation and next stage equipment i.e.
Can, output terminal access compensation device Ui1 ends of the present invention, Ui2 ends, the Ui3 ends of each string formation.The output terminal Uout ends of compensation device
（Uo1 ends, Uo2 ends, Uo3 ends）It is each string formation to be carried out after voltage compensation and converged for the photovoltaic array output terminal after confluence
The gross output of obtained photovoltaic array, can connect photovoltaic combining inverter, off-network inverter, charging-discharging controller etc.（Such as
Fig. 2）.
It is understood that above with respect to the specific descriptions of the present invention, it is merely to illustrate the present invention and is not limited to this
The described technical solution of inventive embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, still the present invention can be carried out
Modification or equivalent substitution, to reach identical technique effect；As long as meet use needs, all protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (7)
1. solar array voltage compensating device, including string formation voltage sample circuit, pwm voltage compensation circuit, switching value
Output control circuit, keyboard circuit, LCD display circuit and master cpu circuit, it is characterised in that string formation voltage sample circuit
Sampled signal output port is connected with the sampled signal input port of master cpu circuit, the control signal output of master cpu circuit
Port the control signal input mouth with pwm voltage compensation circuit, the control signal of output switch parameter control circuit respectively
Input port is connected, and the control signal output mouth of keyboard circuit is connected with the control signal input mouth of master cpu circuit,
The letter of the signal transmission port of LCD display the circuit signal transmission port with master cpu circuit, LCD liquid crystal display screen respectively
Number transmission port is connected；The control signal input mouth of the keyboard circuit is connected with the control signal output mouth of keyboard；
The master cpu circuit includes system clock circuit, download program and in-circuit emulation circuit and master cpu, master cpu end
Mouth is connected with system clock circuit port, download program with in-circuit emulation circuit port respectively；
The master cpu uses PIC18F6520 chips U1；
It is described system clock circuit include capacitance C5, capacitance C6, crystal oscillator X1, crystal oscillator X1 one end respectively with capacitance C5 one end, U1 39
Foot is connected, and the capacitance C5 other ends are connected with ground wire, capacitance C6 one end respectively, the capacitance C6 other ends respectively with the crystal oscillator X1 other ends,
40 feet of U1 are connected；
Described program is downloaded includes resistance R22, resistance R23, diode D4, capacitance C4, plug receptacle J1, electricity with in-circuit emulation circuit
Resistance R22 one end is connected with power supply VCC, diode D4 cathodes respectively, the resistance R22 other ends respectively with capacitance C4 one end, diode
D4 anodes, resistance R23 one end are connected, and capacitance C4 other ends ground connection, the resistance R23 other ends are connected with 1 foot of plug receptacle J1；
The keyboard circuit include resistance R28~R32, exclusion RA1, plug receptacle J2, plug receptacle J2 1~5 foot respectively with exclusion
2~6 feet of RA1,64~60 feet of U1 correspond to connection, and 6 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected with 16 feet of U1 by resistance R28, patched
7 feet of mouth J2 are connected by resistance R29 with 15 feet of U1, and 8 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R30 with 14 feet of U1, are connect
9 feet of socket J2 are connected by resistance R31 with 13 feet of U1, and 10 feet of plug receptacle J2 are connected by resistance R32 with 12 feet of U1,
1 foot of exclusion RA1 is connected with power supply VCC.
2. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the string formation voltage sample circuit
Each string formation branch is output and input into voltage scale sampling, the analog signal sampled is led to after voltage follower circuit
The AD conversion module crossed inside master cpu is changed into digital signal；
The pwm voltage compensation circuit is boost chopper, according to the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of PWM waveform, PWM
Signal is exported by the PWM module inside master cpu；
The output switch parameter control circuit is to export digital output modul signal by the I/O port of master cpu, after light-coupled isolation
Intermediate relay is controlled, so as to control the operating mode of string formation branch.
3. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the keyboard circuit and LCD are shown
The function of screen circuit is to set the control parameter of compensation device, including inspection interval time, PI adjustment parameters and voltage compensation threshold
Value, and check the working status of each string formation and the historical data of each parameter online by LCD screen；
The working status of each string formation of master cpu circuit diagnostics, the calculating for carrying out voltage compensation value, carry out real-time closed-loop control.
4. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the master cpu collection string formation electricity
Signal is pressed, exports pwm control signal and digital output modul signal.
5. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described capacitance C5, C6 use 18pF
Capacitance, crystal oscillator X1 use 20MHz/50PPM crystal oscillators.
6. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the resistance R22 uses 10K Europe
Nurse resistance, resistance R23 use 1K Ohmic resistances, and diode D4 uses 1N4181 type diodes, and capacitance C4 uses 0.1 μ F capacitances.
7. solar array voltage compensating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the string formation voltage sample circuit
Including resistance R10~R21, AD8541 chip CA1~CA6, resistance R10 one end is connected with Ui1 ends, resistance R10 other ends difference
Be connected with 3 feet of resistance R11 one end, CA1, another termination AGND ends of resistance R11 are connected, 2 feet of CA1 respectively 6 feet with CA1,
24 feet of U1 are connected；
Resistance R14 one end is connected with Ui2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R14 other ends respectively with resistance R15 one end, CA3 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R15 are connected, and 6 feet with CA3,22 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA3 respectively；
Resistance R18 one end is connected with Ui3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R18 other ends respectively with resistance R19 one end, CA5 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R19 are connected, and 6 feet with CA5,18 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA5 respectively；
Resistance R12 one end is connected with Uo1 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R12 other ends respectively with resistance R13 one end, CA2 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R13 are connected, and 6 feet with CA2,23 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA2 respectively；
Resistance R16 one end is connected with Uo2 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R16 other ends respectively with resistance R17 one end, CA4 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R17 are connected, and 6 feet with CA4,21 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA4 respectively；
Resistance R20 one end is connected with Uo3 ends, and 3 feet of the resistance R20 other ends respectively with resistance R21 one end, CA6 are connected, resistance
Another termination AGND ends of R21 are connected, and 6 feet with CA6,17 feet of U1 are connected 2 feet of CA6 respectively.
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