CN107957681A - A kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy - Google Patents
A kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy, and this method comprises the following steps:I, the situation of three kinds of loads of cool and thermal power is undertaken at the same time for microgrid, it is proposed that consider heat storage and cold accumulation electrical storage device and the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling model in micro- source.Set cool and thermal power supply and demand Real-time Balancing, micro- source and energy storage equipment to contribute in model and be limited to constraints, using the synthesis cost economical and environmentally friendly of microgrid operation as object function;II, by one comprising gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, regenerative apparatus, cold-storage device microgrid exemplified by, solution optimizes model using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm;III, Example Verification put forward the validity of model and algorithm, and discuss influence of the different energy storage equipments to scheduling.The result shows that though storage battery causes loss to rise, the economy of operation can be improved;Cold-storage and thermal storage device coordinates Gas Turbine Output, reduces loss and cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric system microgrid economic load dispatching field, is a kind of research supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid specifically
The method of environmental protection and economy scheduling.
Background technology
With the development of Power Electronic Technique, distributed generation technology and energy storage technology, microgrid (Microgrid) technology
Reuse part as intelligent grid also gradually moves to maturity.Microgrid includes power supply, load, energy storage and relevant control dress
Put, supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power, CCHP) technology is a kind of advanced energy supply skill
Art, can integrate to the user in system and provide electric energy, thermal energy and cold energy, realize the cascade utilization of energy, while natural gas
The more traditional electric coal of burning blowdown it is lower so that " micro power source net " has good society and environmental benefit.
Conventional research is mostly to determine power mode with hot/cold to determine Gas Turbine Output, and cold-storage and thermal storage device is introduced, is built
Stand one and include photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation, miniature gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, accumulation of heat
The microgrid of cold-storage device and cold and hot electric load is the environmental protection and economy coordinative dispatching model of object.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is undertaking the situation of three kinds of loads of cool and thermal power at the same time for microgrid, a kind of research cool and thermal power is proposed
The method of alliance microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling, on the basis of ensureing supply of electric power, improves the economy of operation, has well
Environmental benefit.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy, the method, which establishes, considers system fortune
The power system environment economic load dispatching model of row cost and pollutant emission cost, and propose a kind of multiple target gravitation that improves and search
Rope algorithm (IGSA) solves the model, reduces the total energy consumption of fired power generating unit and the row of polluted gas to greatest extent
Put.
A kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy, the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Undertake the situation of three kinds of loads of cool and thermal power at the same time for microgrid, it is proposed that consider heat storage and cold accumulation electrical storage device
And the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling model in micro- source.Set in model cool and thermal power supply and demand Real-time Balancing, micro- source and
Energy storage equipment contributes and is limited to constraints, using the synthesis cost economical and environmentally friendly of microgrid operation as object function;
Step 2:Gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, accumulation of heat dress are included with one
Put, exemplified by the microgrid of cold-storage device, solution optimizes model using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm;
Step 3:Example Verification puies forward the validity of model and algorithm, and discusses shadow of the different energy storage equipments to scheduling
Ring.The result shows that though storage battery causes loss to rise, the economy of operation can be improved;Cold-storage and thermal storage device coordinates combustion gas wheel
Machine is contributed, and reduces loss and cost.
As further describing, the target for the trilogy supply microgrid environmental protection and economy coordinated scheduling mentioned in step 1 is to meet
Optimize micro- source under system operation constraints, energy storage equipment is contributed and the cold ratio of heat so that the system of meter and environmental benefit is always run
Cost is minimum, and object function is:
In formula:F is system total operating cost;Hop count when T is total in micro-capacitance sensor dispatching cycle;Segment number when t is;Cf
(t) represent fuel cost, refer to the cost of fuel cell and gas turbine consumption natural gas;Com(t) operation expense is represented, this
Text considers fuel cell, gas turbine and storage battery, have ignored the O&M cost of other devices[13-16];Cex(t) represent micro-
The cost of net and bulk power grid interactive power, it is negative to buy power just, to sell electric power;Csr(t) represent that microgrid is bought to bulk power grid
The cost of positive and negative spinning reserve;Ce(t) four kinds of pollutions such as sulfur dioxide, oxynitrides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are represented
The discharge costs of gas.
As further describing, the operation constraint that step 2 mentions for micro- source and energy storage equipment is presented as to corresponding excellent
Change the limitation of variable, that is, particle position.Particle position is more prescribed a time limit, and takes its limit value.And energy storage equipment capacity-constrained, hot cold-smoothing are weighed
Constraint and the constraint of energy storage equipment cycle whole story state consistency are included in object function as penalty function, are as fitness value
As further describing, according to the network characteristics of power distribution network in step 3, choosing micro-capacitance sensor working voltage grade is
380V, route choosing LJ-16 type conducting wires, line impedance are R=1.98 Ω/km, X=0.358 Ω/km.Gas turbine smoke evacuation temperature
Spend and be for 785K, smoke temperature at outlet of waste heat boiler 403K, heating efficiency 0.95, Absorption Refrigerator exit gas temperature
443K, coefficient of refrigerating performance 1.2.The capacity of storage battery, regenerative apparatus and cold-storage device be respectively 500kWh, 150kWh,
150kWh, maximum, least residue capacity, initial capacity are 100%, 20%, the 60% of respective rated capacity.
Compared with the conventional method, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Contribute in known cold and hot electrical load requirement and new energy
On the basis of prediction data, establish comprising gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, storage
The alliance Optimized model of thermal, cold-storage device, and solved using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm.Example analysis results show, grid-connected
Microgrid can reduce the operating cost of itself during operation, and have good environmental benefit.Example is shown at the same time, utilizes electric power storage
Pond can effectively reduce operating cost, but loss can be caused to rise.Although cold-storage and thermal storage device is not so good as storage battery in economy
Influence substantially, but for coordinating waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator work important role, play the cold output of optimization heat
Effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is:The cooling heating and power generation system structure diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is:The micro-grid system structure chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is:The electric load demand curve figure of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is:The hot refrigeration duty and new energy capability diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is:The power supply of one embodiment of the invention is contributed and required spinning reserve.
Fig. 6 is:The waste heat boiler, refrigeration machine, cold-storage and thermal storage device capability diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further detail below by drawings and examples.
A kind of method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy of the present invention, includes the following steps:
Step 1:Undertake the situation of three kinds of loads of cool and thermal power at the same time for microgrid, it is proposed that consider heat storage and cold accumulation electrical storage device
And the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling model in micro- source.Set in model cool and thermal power supply and demand Real-time Balancing, micro- source and
Energy storage equipment contributes and is limited to constraints, using the synthesis cost economical and environmentally friendly of microgrid operation as object function;
Trilogy supply micro-grid system is mainly by gas turbine, fuel cell, wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, storage battery, waste heat boiler, absorption
Formula refrigeration machine, cold-storage and thermal storage device are formed, as shown in Figure 1.
Object function is:
Wherein,
Constraints is:
1) trend constraint
In formula:N is system total node number;I=1,2 ..., N;Gij、BijAnd θijBe respectively admittance between node i and j and
Phase angle difference;J ∈ i represent the node being connected with node i.
2) thermal balance constrains
HE(t)+HS2(t)=HL (t)
In formula:HE (t) is t moment waste heat boiler heat output (unit:kW);HL (t) is the total thermic load of t moment;HS2
(t) > 0, regenerative apparatus is to load heat supply, HS2(t) < 0, regenerative apparatus storage thermal energy.
3) cold Constraints of Equilibrium
CO(t)+HS3(t)=CL (t)
In formula:CO (t) is t moment refrigeration machine cooling output (unit:kW);CO (t) is the total refrigeration duty value of t moment;CO
(t) > 0, cold-storage device is to load cooling, CO (t)≤0, cold-storage device storage of cold.
5) miniature gas turbine unit output and Climing constant
PGt, i, min≤PGt, i(t)≤PGt, i, max
In formula:PGt, i, max、PGt, i, minRespectively Gas Turbine Output bound.
6) fuel cell operation constrains
PFc, i, min≤PJc, i≤PFc, i, max
In formula:PFc, i, max、PFc, i, minThe respectively active power output bound of fuel cell.
7) energy storage equipment constrains
Except foregoing constraints, assume herein after a dispatching cycle with it is initial when energy storage equipment state one
Cause, can be represented by the formula:
SHi(T)=SHi(0)
8) spinning reserve constrains
Consider to undertake spinning reserve by gas turbine, fuel cell and storage battery first herein, the direction when that cannot meet
Bulk power grid is bought.
In formula:SRu(t)、SRd(t) the positive and negative spinning reserve needed for the microgrid t periods is represented respectively, takes system under normal circumstances
The 5% of load adds the 20% of wind-powered electricity generation photovoltaic;Psu(t)、Psd(t) spinning reserve that the expression t periods are bought to external power grid respectively..
Step 2:Gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, accumulation of heat dress are included with one
Put, exemplified by the microgrid of cold-storage device, solution optimizes model using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm;
Particle group optimizing (Chaotic Partial Swarm Optimization, CPSO) is used using Chaos-Particle Swarm Optimization
Algorithm optimizes calculating to the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid coordinative dispatching model established above.Particle cluster algorithm has parallel place
Reason, the features such as robustness is good, computational efficiency is high than traditional random device, but updates have certain blindness during evolution,
The convergence of evolutionary process is influenced, is easily trapped into local optimum.CPSO combination particle cluster algorithm fast convergence rates and chaotic motion are just
The hot spot of profit, improves the ability that particle swarm optimization algorithm breaks away from Local Extremum, improves convergence speed of the algorithm and precision.
Take in microgrid in a cycle gas turbine, fuel cell, storage battery, regenerative apparatus, cold-storage device under T period
Output power and flue gas to enter the flow-rate ratio of waste heat boiler be optimized variable, each optimized variable correspond to particle one ties up
Degree.Load flow calculation is carried out to system using the points of common connection of public electric wire net and microgrid as balance nodes, obtains microgrid and dispatch from foreign news agency
The positive and negative spinning reserve capacity netted the power of interaction and bought to external power grid.
Operation constraint for micro- source and energy storage equipment is presented as to the corresponding optimized variable i.e. limitation of particle position.Grain
Sub- position is more prescribed a time limit, and takes its limit value.And by energy storage equipment capacity-constrained, the cold Constraints of Equilibrium of heat and energy storage equipment cycle whole story shape
State is unanimously constrained and is included in as penalty function in object function, is as fitness value
In formula:F is object function;σ is penalty factor;G is inequality constraints;H is equality constraint.
Step 3:Example Verification puies forward the validity of model and algorithm, and discusses shadow of the different energy storage equipments to scheduling
Ring.The result shows that though storage battery causes loss to rise, the economy of operation can be improved;Cold-storage and thermal storage device coordinates combustion gas wheel
Machine is contributed, and reduces loss and cost.
The present invention has carried out corresponding change to the microgrid structure chart proposed in previous literature, as shown in Figure 2.
Electric load 1,2,3,4 represents agriculture load, resident load, Commercial Load and industrial load, its allusion quotation respectively in Fig. 2
Type day, curve was shown in Fig. 3, and the power factor of 4 kinds of loads is uniformly taken as 85%.Wind turbine, photovoltaic cell sunrise force curve and summer allusion quotation
The hot refrigeration duty curve of type is shown in Fig. 4.Each micro- source and dispatch from foreign news agency network parameters are shown in Table 1.
According to the network characteristics of power distribution network, it is 380V to choose micro-capacitance sensor working voltage grade herein, route choosing LJ-16 types
Conducting wire, line impedance are R=1.98 Ω/km, X=0.358 Ω/km.Gas turbine exhaust gas temperature is 785K, heat boiler outlet
Flue-gas temperature is 403K, heating efficiency 0.95, and Absorption Refrigerator exit gas temperature is 443K, coefficient of refrigerating performance 1.2.Electric power storage
The capacity in pond, regenerative apparatus and cold-storage device is 500kWh, 150kWh, 150kWh respectively, maximum, least residue capacity, just
Beginning capacity is 100%, 20%, the 60% of respective rated capacity.Spot Price and spinning reserve electricity price, external power grid and each micro-
The source pollutants emissions data pollutant standard of value, fine grade are shown in previous literature.
(1) economic operation analysis of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid
Solved by Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm, the output that can obtain each adjustment unit of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid arranges feelings
Condition, sees Fig. 5,6.Curve 1-6 represents that Gas Turbine Output, fuel cell are contributed, external power grid is contributed, to dispatch from foreign news agency respectively in Fig. 5
Negative spinning reserve and storage battery the output situation that positive rotation that net purchase is bought is spare, is bought to external power grid.
Gas turbine sends 860.11kWh during whole scheduling, and fuel cell sends 720kWh, produces total Environmental costs
22.08 yuan, electric power 45.57kWh is sold to external power grid, produce 151.64 yuan of economic benefit, 1.22 yuan of environmental benefit, system is total
Operating cost is 1217.41 yuan, embodies the economy and environmental benefit of microgrid when being incorporated into the power networks.
The specific electric power cost of miniature gas turbine drops to the increase of output power from 1.2573 yuan/kWh
0.9877 yuan/kWh, it is seen then that it is uneconomic that the output using gas turbine as electrical power, which mainly undertakes,.Arrange gas turbine
Output must consider Spot Price, the rotation deposit factor such as price and hot refrigeration duty.Refrigeration duty is in period 23- in example
24 and period 1-6 is basically unchanged, and constantly soaring in period 7-14, and slowly decline still has small range afterwards in period 18-19
Lifting;Thermic load is almost nil in period 21-24 and period 1-5, period 6-8 be continuously improved after keep it is almost unchanged then
Section 12 has small decline, when the period 13 rising holding period 16 again, constantly reduces afterwards.Miniature gas turbine period 21-24
Run with the 1-7 periods with lowest power, because little in this period cooling and heating load supply pressure, electricity price is cheap, and cold-storage and thermal storage
Device accumulation of energy at the same time, maintains systematic economy operation;And cooling and heating load is all heavier in period 8-20, gas turbine passes through control
Flue gas enters the ratio of waste heat boiler and heat storage and cold accumulation device is coordinated to complete cooling and heating load economic allocation.It is total in 8-21 regenerative apparatuses
Accumulation of energy is constantly reduced, and the total accumulation of energy of cold-storage device is reduced in the 8-16 periods, and is continuously improved after 16 periods.It is also, miniature
The power output of gas turbine and electricity price are substantially positive correlation, reach full hair-like state in 14-15, and are only inscribed at this time, combustion gas
The cost electricity price of turbine is just less than external power grid electricity price.1-7 periods electricity price is all less than 1-8,17-24 period, and electricity price is all less than
0.44 yuan/kWh, far below the cost electricity price of fuel cell, fuel cell is run with lowest power, and in 9-16 periods, electricity price
Higher than 0.52 yuan/kWh, fuel cell is completely sent out.Storage battery charges when electricity price is cheap, discharges when electricity price is higher, is entirely transporting
Charge and discharge is twice in the row cycle.
Microgrid is interacted with the electric energy of external power grid essentially consists in the 4-24 periods, and microgrid is in electricity price cheap 4-7,17-24 period
Make a big purchase electric energy in large quantities, in addition to meeting real-time load, remaining deposit storage battery;It is and higher in 9-16 periods, especially electricity price
The 11-15 periods, microgrid largely sells electric energy to external power grid, obtains economic benefit.It can be obtained by the purchase situation of spinning reserve
Know, microgrid will not deliberately meet spinning reserve when being incorporated into the power networks, this is because the spare price of real time rotation only has Spot Price
1/3rd or so, and the required spinning reserve capacity of microgrid is little, to external power grid purchase than oneself it is reserved will be through
Ji.
(2) impact analysis of the energy storage equipment to microgrid economic benefit and loss
It can be seen that, cold-storage and thermal storage device can coordinate the reasonable output of gas turbine from table 2, reduce via net loss and
Financial cost caused by loss, the operating cost total to system also have certain reduction.Cold-storage and thermal storage device can assist in example
The economical operation of gas turbine is adjusted, does not waste unnecessary energy, improves fuel utilization efficiency, saves the cold resource of heat.Compare
For, storage battery is then more obvious to operation totle drilling cost reduction effect.The charge and discharge ability of storage battery is the discharge and recharge by storage battery
The bound of power and memory capacity synthesis determines that this also determines supporting capacity of the storage battery to microgrid economical operation.Calculate
The maximum charge-discharge electric power of storage battery accounts for the 28% of average power load in example, and the capacity of scheduling accounts for the 5.09% of total load., section
Save about 8% cost.But at the same time, storage battery also result in the abrupt change of trend inside microgrid, has loss and increases by a small margin
Add.Network Loss Rate about 3% is calculated to obtain in example, less than traditional power grid.
Micro- source and dispatch from foreign news agency network parameters of the table 1 for one embodiment of the invention.
Table 2 is the experimental result of one embodiment of the invention.
Table 1
Table 2
Understand from the above, the present invention is on the basis of known cold and hot electrical load requirement and new energy output prediction data
On, establish comprising gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, regenerative apparatus, cold-storage device
Alliance Optimized model, and using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm solve.Example analysis results show that microgrid can subtract when being incorporated into the power networks
Few operating cost of itself, and there is good environmental benefit.Example is shown at the same time, and fortune can be effectively reduced using storage battery
Row expense, but loss can be caused to rise.Although it is obvious that cold-storage and thermal storage device is not so good as storage battery influence in economy, for
Coordinate waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator work important role, play the role of the cold output of optimization heat.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method for studying the scheduling of supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy, it is characterised in that:The described method includes following step Suddenly:I, the situation of three kinds of loads of cool and thermal power is undertaken at the same time for microgrid, it is proposed that consider heat storage and cold accumulation electrical storage device and micro- source Supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling model.Cool and thermal power supply and demand Real-time Balancing, micro- source and energy storage equipment are set in model Output is limited to constraints, using the synthesis cost economical and environmentally friendly of microgrid operation as object function;II, with one comprising gas turbine, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, Absorption Refrigerator, storage battery, regenerative apparatus, cold-storage Exemplified by the microgrid of device, solution optimizes model using Chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm;III, Example Verification put forward the validity of model and algorithm, and discuss influence of the different energy storage equipments to scheduling.Knot Fruit shows, though storage battery causes loss to rise, can improve the economy of operation;Cold-storage and thermal storage device is coordinated gas turbine and is gone out Power, reduces loss and cost.
- 2. the method based on a kind of research supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Trilogy supply micro-grid system described in step I is mainly by gas turbine, fuel cell, wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic, storage battery, waste heat boiler, suction Receipts formula refrigeration machine, cold-storage and thermal storage device are formed;Include gas turbine, fuel cell and light in supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers micro-grid system Lie prostrate micro- sources such as wind-powered electricity generation;The present invention carries out idealization modeling to three kinds of storage battery, regenerative apparatus, cold-storage device energy storage equipments, i.e., only Consider the depth and capacity limit of charge and discharge, and have ignored loss of the energy in transmission, storage, conversion process;For waste heat pot Stove and Absorption Refrigerator, the present invention is without considering its heat production and the energy power restriction of refrigeration;Trilogy supply microgrid environmental protection and economy is coordinated to adjust The target of degree is to optimize micro- source, energy storage equipment output and the cold ratio of heat in the case where meeting system operation constraints so that meter and environmental protection The system total operating cost of benefit is minimum;Polluted gas discharge costs meter and micro- gas turbine, the discharge of fuel cell and outer The sum of discharge costs of power purchase subtract the discharge income that sale of electricity is brought.
- 3. the method based on a kind of research supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid environmental protection and economy scheduling described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Described in step II using Chaos-Particle Swarm Optimization using particle group optimizing (Chaotic Partial Swarm Optimization, CPSO) the supply of cooling, heating and electrical powers microgrid coordinative dispatching model that algorithm establishes the present invention optimizes calculating.Particle cluster algorithm has The features such as parallel processing, good robustness, computational efficiency are higher than traditional random device, but during evolution renewal have it is certain blind Mesh, influences the convergence of evolutionary process, is easily trapped into local optimum.CPSO combination particle cluster algorithm fast convergence rates and chaos fortune The hot spot of dynamic convenience, improves the ability that particle swarm optimization algorithm breaks away from Local Extremum, improve convergence speed of the algorithm and Precision.
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CN108869045A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-23 | 中国华电科工集团有限公司 | Utilize the system and method for photovoltaic waste heat cooling gas turbine air inlet |
CN109145449A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-04 | 华北电力大学(保定) | A kind of level of factory thermal power plant load distribution method |
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CN110333660A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-10-15 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of cooling heating and power generation system Multipurpose Optimal Method |
CN110601177A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-12-20 | 广东工业大学 | Economic optimization method for micro-grid containing wind power and photovoltaic power generation |
CN110598915A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-20 | 广东工业大学 | Economic optimization method for micro-grid for combined heat and power supply |
CN110598915B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2023-01-17 | 广东工业大学 | Economic optimization method for micro-grid for combined heat and power supply |
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