CN107941351A - The infrared scaling light source applied under the conditions of vacuum and low temperature - Google Patents
The infrared scaling light source applied under the conditions of vacuum and low temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN107941351A CN107941351A CN201610890674.2A CN201610890674A CN107941351A CN 107941351 A CN107941351 A CN 107941351A CN 201610890674 A CN201610890674 A CN 201610890674A CN 107941351 A CN107941351 A CN 107941351A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UTICYDQJEHVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni].[Cu] UTICYDQJEHVLJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/52—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using comparison with reference sources, e.g. disappearing-filament pyrometer
- G01J5/53—Reference sources, e.g. standard lamps; Black bodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
- G01J5/0896—Optical arrangements using a light source, e.g. for illuminating a surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/80—Calibration
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of infrared scaling light source applied under the conditions of vacuum and low temperature, the infrared scaling light source mainly includes shell and mechanical mounting interface, black body radiation face, supporting structure, Vacuum Package window, supply line, black body radiation face is placed in housing, case top leaves circular iris above black body radiation film, black body radiation face is parallel with plane where diaphragm, housing, which is equipped with, to be used for through the hole of supply line, housing outer surface has higher emissivity, inner surface has relatively low emissivity, the one side of black body radiation film face diaphragm is as black body radiation face, with high emissivity, for emitting infrared radiation；Black body radiation film another side has low-launch-rate, and supporting structure, it uses the ceramic material of high temperature resistant, lower thermal conductivity to be made, and supply line is used to power for the black body radiation face, and then controls the temperature in the black body radiation face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared radiation measurement, calibration and calibration, in particular to an infrared calibration light source applied under the vacuum low-temperature condition.
Background
At present, with the development of technology, the application of infrared imagers has been expanded to near space and outer space, these systems include space reconnaissance systems, near space early warning systems, outer space infrared guidance striking systems, satellite-borne infrared remote sensing systems, etc., and with the gradual improvement of tactical performance requirements of these infrared load technologies, high-precision quantitative detection has become an inevitable trend for further development of infrared loads.
The radiation parameter calibration is a basis and precondition for realizing quantitative detection of the infrared load, and the radiation value of a detection target can be quantified through radiation parameter calibration, so that the infrared load can judge the type of the target through the radiation value, the detection capability of the infrared load is greatly improved, and the method has great significance for an early warning system, an outer space infrared guidance system and the like. Meanwhile, the radiation parameter calibration enables multi-source and multi-temporal data fusion and comprehensive application to be possible, and the data application efficiency of infrared loads such as a detection system and a remote sensing system is improved.
One or more infrared detectors are used in the infrared load, and the responsivity of the infrared detectors can generate certain difference due to the influence of factors such as material characteristics, production and manufacturing processes and the like, so that the detection performance of the same detection unit has certain nonlinearity, and the different detection units have larger-degree nonuniformity. In addition, the detection performance of the infrared detector can shift to different degrees with the change of the use environment and the increase of the working time. However, the drift of the detection performance of the infrared detector with time and the non-uniformity of responsivity between different detection units have a very adverse effect on the realization of the quantitative detection function, so in order to realize the quantitative detection, the radiation calibration of the infrared load is required, and the correction of the response non-uniformity between different detectors, the drift of the performance of the same detector with environment and time and the like is required.
Radiometric calibration is mainly divided into pre-emission calibration and on-track calibration, wherein the on-track calibration is mainly used for reducing the influence caused by the performance change of the infrared detection system, for example, the optical efficiency is reduced due to the pollution of an optical mirror surface, and the response rate of the detector is influenced due to the aging of the detector. In order to ensure the realization of high-precision quantitative detection, the radiation parameters of the infrared load need to be calibrated on the ground, and the on-orbit radiation parameters need to be calibrated at regular time, so that an accurate calibration coefficient is obtained, various performance indexes of the infrared load in the running process are accurately mastered, and the accuracy of detection data in the whole running process is ensured.
In the process of calibrating and calibrating the on-orbit radiation parameters of the infrared imaging loads, in order to cover the temperature detection range, the infrared imaging loads are required to have a wide calibration temperature range; in order to realize high-precision quantitative detection, the radiation parameters of the probe need to be calibrated in multiple points, and meanwhile, the single-point calibration precision is required to be high; in order to avoid long calibration time and influence on calibration accuracy, rapid calibration is required.
In addition, as the load is continuously developed towards miniaturization and light weight, the requirement on-orbit calibration of high-precision radiation parameters in a very small space is more and more urgent, so that very high requirements are provided for the on-orbit radiation parameter calibration technology, and meanwhile, high temperature stability of parameter calibration and calibration components is required; the radiation parameter calibration component is required to be capable of adapting to various environments, including an airborne environment, a satellite-borne high vacuum environment and the like, and is required to be small in size, light in weight, extremely high in reliability and good in space-ground consistency.
The traditional on-orbit radiation parameter calibration has few calibration points, generally adopts one-point or two-point calibration, has narrow calibration temperature range, and cannot meet the on-orbit radiation parameter calibration and calibration requirements of the current infrared load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an infrared calibration light source applied under the vacuum low-temperature condition, and can solve the problem of few calibration points in the traditional rail radiation parameter calibration process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an infrared calibration light source applied under the condition of vacuum low temperature comprises a black body radiation surface 1, a supporting structure 2, a vacuum packaging window, a shell 3 and a power supply circuit 4;
the black body radiation surface is arranged in the shell, the shell is composed of an upper shell and a lower shell which are fixed together, the black body radiation surface is clamped and fixed by the supporting structure, the supporting structure is fixed at the bottom of the shell, a circular diaphragm is reserved above the black body radiation surface at the top of the shell, the black body radiation surface is parallel to the plane of the diaphragm, the vacuum packaging window is sealed by adopting an optical material with higher transmissivity at a target waveband, the upper shell and the lower shell are provided with holes for passing through a power supply circuit, and all materials forming the infrared calibration light source are subjected to vacuum treatment;
the shell is made of metal or alloy materials, the outer surface of the shell is processed into a rough black outer surface by a sand blasting or blackening process and has high emissivity, the inner surface of the shell is covered with a gold, silver or aluminum coating with high reflectivity, the inner surface of the shell is processed into a smooth surface by a polishing process and has low emissivity, and the shell is subjected to vacuum treatment, so that the air leakage rate of the shell meets the requirement and no pollution is generated;
the black body radiation surface is made of metal alloy with high resistivity, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, one surface of the black body radiation surface, which is opposite to the diaphragm, serves as the black body radiation surface, the surface of the black body radiation surface is rough by adopting a sand blasting or ion etching process, the black body radiation surface has high emissivity by adopting a high-temperature oxidation process, or the black body radiation surface has high emissivity by adopting a high-emissivity coating which is sprayed and used for emitting infrared radiation; the other side of the black body radiation surface is polished to have low emissivity, and the nichrome heating pattern can be prepared on a high-temperature resistant substrate to have mechanical strength and resistance, or a film is formed independently to ensure the heating rate of the nichrome heating pattern;
the supporting structure is made of high-temperature-resistant and low-thermal-conductivity ceramic materials, and a ceramic insulating seat 5 is arranged at the bottom of the supporting structure;
the power supply circuit is made of a metal conducting wire and a conductive terminal and is used for supplying power to the black body radiation surface so as to control the temperature of the black body radiation surface;
calibrating the infrared calibration light source in a vacuum low-temperature environment by the following process: and starting to supply power to the infrared calibration light source through the power supply line from 0, applying electric power to the infrared calibration light source by taking a preset power value as a step, recording a blackbody radiation surface temperature value corresponding to the electric power until the temperature of the blackbody radiation surface reaches the upper limit of the application environment temperature of the infrared calibration light source, and recording the relation between the power supply and the temperature.
Further preferably, the heating film has a rectangular shape of 20mm × 16mm.
Further preferably, a vacuum sealed window package is adopted, the vacuum sealed window is made of an optical material with higher transmittance in a target waveband, the optical material is quartz, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, germanium or silicon, and the minimum thickness of the vacuum sealed window is determined by the following formula:
wherein Th is the thickness of the vacuum sealing window, DIA is the diameter of the vacuum sealing window, P is the pressure difference to which the vacuum sealing window is subjected, and MR is the strength characteristic of the material.
The embodiment of the invention provides an infrared calibration light source applied under a vacuum low-temperature condition. The shell and the mechanical mounting interface mainly provide mechanical support for the whole miniature blackbody assembly, and meanwhile, the shell and the mechanical mounting interface are provided with certain mechanical interfaces and can be mounted on a required mounting surface, so that small radiation heat exchange power is ensured between the shell and the blackbody; the blackbody radiation surface is an infrared radiation emergent surface, and after a certain electric power is provided for the blackbody radiation surface to heat, the temperature of the blackbody radiation surface rises, and infrared radiation meeting the requirements is generated in a working waveband and is used as a standard radiation source for on-orbit radiation calibration of an infrared imager, an infrared load and the like; the support structure has the main functions of providing firm support and fixation for the black body radiation surface, installing the black body radiation surface on the shell and playing a role in thermal isolation, so that the minimum heat leakage between the black body and the installation structure is ensured, the utilization rate of input power is improved, the temperature rise rate is favorably ensured, and the influence on the overall thermal control design of the load is reduced; the vacuum packaging window ensures that the infrared calibration light source can work in a laboratory environment while working under a vacuum low-temperature condition, and ensures that the surrounding environment of the black body radiation surface is consistent with the vacuum low-temperature condition, so that the temperature characteristic of the black body radiation surface under the laboratory condition is close to that under the vacuum low-temperature condition; the power supply line and accessories are connected to the supporting structure, led out from the side face or the back face of the shell and the mechanical mounting interface and connected with a power supply, and the power supply function of the black body radiation surface is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an infrared calibration light source applied under vacuum and low temperature conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shape of a ribbon heater film in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sealing window structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph of temperature change with time of the infrared calibration light source shown in fig. 1 by adopting different power supply modes.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps that are closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details that are not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
The embodiment of the invention provides an infrared calibration light source applied under the vacuum low-temperature condition, which can work under the vacuum low-temperature condition and the normal-temperature normal-pressure condition, can be used as a standard black body radiation source, is used for performing on-orbit multipoint, high-precision, wide-temperature range and quick calibration and calibration on various imagers and loads, and has wide application prospect.
Referring to fig. 1, the infrared calibration light source includes a black body radiation surface, a support structure, a vacuum packaging window, a housing and a power supply line;
the black body radiation surface is arranged in the shell, the shell consists of an upper shell and a lower shell which are fixed together, the black body radiation surface is clamped and fixed by a supporting structure, the supporting structure is fixed at the bottom of the shell, a circular diaphragm is reserved on the top of the shell above the black body radiation surface, the black body radiation surface is parallel to the plane of the diaphragm, a vacuum packaging window is sealed by adopting an optical material with higher transmissivity at a target waveband, the upper shell and the lower shell are provided with holes for penetrating through a power supply circuit, and all materials forming the infrared calibration light source are subjected to vacuum treatment;
the shell is made of metal or alloy materials, can be made of titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and the like and has a certain mechanical interface, the outer surface of the shell is processed into a rough black outer surface by processes of sand blasting, blackening and the like, the shell has high emissivity, the inner surface of the shell is covered with high-reflectivity gold, silver or aluminum and other coatings, the inner surface of the shell is processed into a smooth surface by processes of polishing and the like, the inner surface of the shell has low emissivity, and the shell is subjected to vacuum treatment, so that the air leakage rate of the shell meets the requirement, and no pollution is generated;
the blackbody radiation surface is made of metal alloy with high resistivity, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, the metal alloy can be nickel-chromium alloy, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, constantan and the like, one surface of the blackbody radiation surface, which is opposite to the diaphragm, is used as the blackbody radiation surface, the surface of the blackbody radiation surface needs to be treated in order to ensure the emissivity, the blackbody radiation surface adopts the processes of sand blasting, ion etching and the like to roughen the surface, the processes of high temperature oxidation and the like are adopted to make the blackbody radiation surface have high emissivity, or a high emissivity coating is sprayed to make the blackbody radiation surface have high emissivity and is used for emitting infrared radiation; the other surface of the black body radiation surface is polished to have low emissivity, has certain mechanical strength and resistance to ensure the heating rate, needs to design reasonable thickness and figure under the condition of meeting the index, prepares a nickel-chromium alloy heating pattern on a high-temperature resistant substrate to ensure the mechanical strength, or forms a film independently to ensure the heating rate, and can realize the purposes of enhancing the mechanical strength and improving the uniformity;
the support structure, see fig. 2, is made of a high temperature resistant, low thermal conductivity ceramic material, and the selectable materials include zirconia ceramic, magnesia ceramic, alumina ceramic, etc., so as to ensure good thermal isolation;
the power supply circuit is made of metal conducting wires and conducting terminals, is used for supplying power to the black body radiation surface and further controlling the temperature of the black body radiation surface, and the optional metal conducting wires comprise copper conducting wires, aluminum conducting wires, gold conducting wires, silver conducting wires and the like.
Calibrating the infrared calibration light source in a vacuum low-temperature environment by the following process: and starting to supply power to the infrared calibration light source through the power supply line from 0, applying electric power to the infrared calibration light source by taking a preset power value as a step, recording a black body radiation surface temperature value corresponding to the electric power until the temperature of the black body radiation surface reaches the upper limit of the application environment temperature of the infrared calibration light source, and recording the relation between the power supply and the temperature.
Preferably, the heating film is in the shape of a rectangle of 20mm × 16mm.
Preferably, the vacuum packaging window is made of an optical material with high transmittance at a target waveband, the selectable materials comprise quartz, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, germanium, silicon and the like, and in order to ensure certain mechanical strength, the thickness needs to be designed reasonably according to the mechanical strength characteristic of the material.
The infrared calibration light source can be stabilized at a certain fixed temperature point through thermal balance under the condition of externally providing certain electric power, so that quantitative infrared radiation is generated and is used as a calibration standard radiation source of an infrared imager and a load, the relation between power supply power and radiation temperature is obtained through quantitative calibration under the vacuum low-temperature condition, and the infrared calibration light source can be stabilized at different temperature points through providing different electric power, so that multi-point calibration is realized.
The traditional on-orbit radiation parameter calibration has few calibration points, generally adopts one-point or two-point calibration, has narrow calibration temperature range, and cannot meet the on-orbit radiation parameter calibration requirement of the current infrared load, wherein the important reason is that no corresponding infrared calibration light source exists.
The embodiment of the invention provides an infrared calibration light source applied under a vacuum low-temperature condition. The shell and the mechanical mounting interface mainly provide mechanical support for the whole miniature black body assembly, and meanwhile, the shell and the mechanical mounting interface are provided with certain mechanical interfaces and can be mounted on a required mounting surface, so that small radiation heat exchange power is ensured between the shell and the black body; the blackbody radiation surface is an infrared radiation emergent surface, and after a certain electric power is provided for the blackbody radiation surface to heat, the temperature of the blackbody radiation surface rises, and infrared radiation meeting the requirements is generated in a working waveband and is used as a standard radiation source for on-orbit radiation calibration of an infrared imager, an infrared load and the like; the support structure has the main functions of providing firm support and fixation for the black body radiation surface, installing the black body radiation surface on the shell and playing a role in thermal isolation, so that the minimum heat leakage between the black body and the installation structure is ensured, the utilization rate of input power is improved, the temperature rise rate is favorably ensured, and the influence on the overall thermal control design of the load is reduced; the vacuum packaging window ensures that the infrared calibration light source can work under a vacuum low-temperature condition and can work under a laboratory environment, and the surrounding environment of the black body radiation surface is ensured to be consistent with the vacuum low-temperature condition, so that the temperature characteristic of the black body radiation surface under the laboratory condition is ensured to be close to that under the vacuum low-temperature condition; the power supply line and accessories are connected to the supporting structure, led out from the side face or the back face of the shell and the mechanical mounting interface and connected with a power supply, and the power supply function of the black body radiation surface is achieved.
The preferred embodiment of the infrared calibration light source applied under vacuum and low temperature conditions is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the general structure of the infrared calibration light source applied under vacuum low temperature condition in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
The technical indexes which can be achieved mainly include:
● Temperature range: 250K to 750K;
● Effective radiation aperture: not less than 16mm;
● Emissivity: not less than 0.88;
● The heating rate is as follows: not less than 16 ℃/s;
● Temperature control precision: less than or equal to 0.5K;
● And (3) stabilizing time: less than or equal to 60s;
● Uniformity of temperature distribution surface: better than + -3K (tentative);
● Life: not less than 1600 hours under 250K vacuum (10-1 pa), and not less than 50 hours under normal temperature and pressure and at a temperature not more than 580K;
● Weight: less than 500g;
● The pollution prevention requirement is as follows: the total mass loss is not more than 20mg.
The infrared calibration light source component comprises a black body radiation surface, a supporting structure, a vacuum packaging window, a shell, a mechanical mounting interface, a power supply line and accessories.
The blackbody radiation surface is a radiation emitting device, the temperature of the blackbody radiation surface is increased or reduced through power supply control in the specific working process, and the rest parts are accessory parts.
The blackbody radiator plane and the support structure are shown in figure 2.
The blackbody radiation surface is made of high-temperature-resistant high-resistivity alloy, at present, the most commonly used alloy mainly comprises nickel-chromium alloy, copper-nickel-manganese alloy, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy and the like, and the nickel-chromium alloy is selected as the blackbody radiation surface material through comparison. The properties of the nickel-chromium alloy material are as follows in table 1:
TABLE 1 Property table of Ni-Cr alloy material
| Serial number | Properties of | Unit of | Numerical value |
| 1 | Maximum temperature of use | ℃ | 1200 |
| 2 | Resistivity of | μΩ·m | 1.09 |
| 3 | Temperature coefficient of resistivity | 10 -6 /℃ | 1.3 |
| 4 | Coefficient of linear expansion | 10 -6 /℃ | 18.0 |
Considering the clamping of the black body radiating surface, the size of the clamping device is preliminarily designed as follows: 20mm × 16mm.
Considering the power supply form, the blackbody radiation surface should have a proper resistance to avoid large-current power supply, the resistance is preliminarily determined to be 3-5 Ω, and the resistance of the blackbody radiation surface is as follows:
wherein R is resistance, rho is resistivity, L is radiation surface length, and S is radiation surface sectional area. According to the calculation, the thickness of the blackbody radiation surface is 1.36 μm. Considering the mechanical strength of the film, it is necessary to adopt the form of strips, reduce the thickness of the film, and provide mechanical support to ensure the mechanical strength, the structural diagram of the strip heating film is shown in fig. 3, the strip interval is about 10 μm, and other strip patterns meeting the requirement of the tissue can be adopted.
In order to ensure the emissivity, a high-temperature-resistant high-emissivity coating needs to be plated on the black body radiation surface.
Because the thickness of the radiation surface is very thin and the mechanical strength is poor, a reasonable assembly process needs to be formulated in the specific assembly process; in order to ensure the mechanical strength, the nichrome heating pattern can also be prepared on a high-temperature resistant substrate, so that the aims of enhancing the mechanical strength and improving the uniformity can be fulfilled (the temperature rise rate is sacrificed, the thermal mass is larger, and the temperature rise rate is slower).
Note: in order to ensure the reliability of the system, the backup design needs to be considered, and the primary scheme is to add one radiation surface with the same specification as the backup radiation surface on the premise of meeting the volume requirement.
The sealing window is a protection component of a black body radiation surface, and not only needs to have higher strength and rigidity, but also needs to have better transmittance in a wide band of 1-5 μm, and has better adaptability to severe environment.
There are fewer materials with higher transmission in a broad band, the materials used in this field are typically multispectral ZnS and ZnSe, and table 2 is a profile comparing the properties of the two materials.
TABLE 2 comparison of ZnS and ZnSe Properties
And comprehensively comparing, and selecting ZnSe as a window material by mainly considering the optical properties.
According to the specific structure of the blackbody radiation source, the design diameter of the sealing window is 16mm, and because the inside and the outside of the sealing window have one atmospheric pressure difference, the thickness of the sealing window needs to be reasonably designed when the sealing window is designed so as to ensure enough strength.
According to the sealing window design theory, the minimum thickness of the sealing window is determined by the following equation 2:
where Th is the thickness of the window, DIA is the diameter of the window, P is the pressure differential experienced by the window in psi (one atmosphere equals 14.5 psi), and MR is a strength indicator of the material in psi, which can be obtained by looking up a table.
According to a formula, the thickness of the ZnSe window is calculated to be 0.72mm, a certain margin is required to be left in practical application, the thickness of the window is preliminarily determined to be 1mm, and the structure diagram of the sealed window is shown in FIG. 4.
The shell and the mechanical mounting interface have the main function of mechanical connection, are made of aluminum alloy, have the overall dimension of phi 60mm to 20mm according to the technical requirement of black body development, and are four M3 mounting holes uniformly distributed on the periphery. The external cooperation structure is shown in fig. 5.
In order to ensure that the housing and the mechanical mounting interface have specific optical properties, they are suitably surface treated, for example, the inner wall may be polished to reduce radiative heat transfer, the outer wall may be sandblasted to reduce thermal conduction, and the mounting contact area may be roughened.
Subsequently, corresponding verification tests are required, and the design of the component is adjusted according to the test results.
For an infrared radiation source applied in a vacuum environment (or vacuum packaging), a constant voltage source or a constant current source is generally adopted for supplying power, and the resistivity of the material changes with the temperature, so that the resistivity changes with the temperature as shown in formula 3.
ρ＝ρ 0 (1+α(T-T 0 )) (3)
Where ρ and ρ are 0 Are temperatures T, respectively 0 Resistivity of time, alpha being the temperature coefficient of resistivity, alpha for nichrome>0。
Therefore, the resistance will change with temperature, thereby causing a change in the applied power. For a constant current source, the applied power increases with increasing temperature, and for a constant voltage source, the applied power decreases with increasing temperature.
Through experiments, under the condition of constant voltage source and constant current source power supply, the curve of temperature change along with time is shown in fig. 6.
It can be seen that the constant voltage source is adopted for power supply, which is more beneficial to rapid temperature rise.
In the process of electric control communication, the technical index of the constant voltage source is difficult to control, so that the constant current source is temporarily adopted for control.
After the infrared calibration light source is prepared, calibration is carried out in a vacuum low-temperature environment, and the quantitative relation between the temperature and the power supply power is calibrated, so that the infrared calibration light source can be used as a quantitative radiation calibration light source.
The power supply line and accessories adopt 0.5mm 2 The copper conductor as a conductive cable is connected to the supporting member through an O-shaped terminal,and providing electric power for the infrared calibration light source.
Features that are described and/or illustrated above with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The many features and advantages of these embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of these embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (3)
1. An infrared calibration light source applied under the condition of vacuum low temperature is characterized by comprising a black body radiation surface, a supporting structure, a vacuum packaging window, a shell and a power supply circuit;
the black body radiation surface is arranged in the shell, the shell is composed of an upper shell and a lower shell which are fixed together, the black body radiation surface is clamped and fixed by the supporting structure, the supporting structure is fixed at the bottom of the shell, a circular diaphragm is reserved above the black body radiation surface at the top of the shell, the black body radiation surface is parallel to the plane of the diaphragm, the vacuum packaging window is sealed by adopting an optical material with higher transmissivity at a target waveband, the upper shell and the lower shell are provided with holes for passing through a power supply circuit, and all materials forming the infrared calibration light source are subjected to vacuum treatment;
the shell is made of metal or alloy materials, the outer surface of the shell is processed into a rough black outer surface by a sand blasting or blackening process and has high emissivity, the inner surface of the shell is covered with a high-reflectivity gold, silver or aluminum coating, the inner surface of the shell is processed into a smooth surface by a polishing process and has low emissivity, and the shell is subjected to vacuum treatment, so that the air leakage rate of the shell meets the requirement, and no pollution is generated;
the black body radiation surface is made of metal alloy with high resistivity, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance, one surface of the black body radiation surface, which is opposite to the diaphragm, serves as the black body radiation surface, the surface of the black body radiation surface is rough by adopting a sand blasting or ion etching process, the black body radiation surface has high emissivity by adopting a high-temperature oxidation process, or the black body radiation surface has high emissivity by adopting a high-emissivity coating which is sprayed and used for emitting infrared radiation; the other surface of the black body radiation surface is polished to have low emissivity, and a nichrome heating pattern can be prepared on a high-temperature resistant substrate to have mechanical strength and resistance, or a thin film is formed independently to ensure the heating rate of the high-temperature resistant substrate;
the supporting structure is made of a high-temperature-resistant and low-thermal-conductivity ceramic material;
the power supply circuit is made of a metal conducting wire and a conductive terminal and is used for supplying power to the black body radiation surface so as to control the temperature of the black body radiation surface;
calibrating the infrared calibration light source in a vacuum low-temperature environment by the following process: and starting to supply power to the infrared calibration light source through the power supply line from 0, applying electric power to the infrared calibration light source by taking a preset power value as a step, recording a black body radiation surface temperature value corresponding to the electric power until the temperature of the black body radiation surface reaches the upper limit of the application environment temperature of the infrared calibration light source, and recording the relation between the power supply and the temperature.
2. The infrared calibration light source of claim 1 wherein the heating film is in the shape of a rectangle of 20mm x 16mm.
3. The infrared calibration light source of claim 2 wherein the vacuum sealed window is packaged using an optical material having a high transmission in the target wavelength band, the optical material being quartz, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, germanium or silicon, and the minimum thickness of the vacuum sealed window is determined by the following equation:
wherein Th is the thickness of the vacuum sealing window, DIA is the diameter of the vacuum sealing window, P is the pressure difference to which the vacuum sealing window is subjected, and MR is the strength characteristic of the material.
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| CN114489178A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-13 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Satellite-borne infrared radiation calibration source large-range temperature change control device for sun synchronous orbit satellite |
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