CN107817362B - Miniature wind speed sensor and distributed wind speed detection device based on sensor - Google Patents
Miniature wind speed sensor and distributed wind speed detection device based on sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107817362B CN107817362B CN201710981982.0A CN201710981982A CN107817362B CN 107817362 B CN107817362 B CN 107817362B CN 201710981982 A CN201710981982 A CN 201710981982A CN 107817362 B CN107817362 B CN 107817362B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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Abstract
Miniature wind speed sensor and based on distributed wind speed detection device of this sensor belongs to the wind speed detection field, has solved the technical problem that current wind speed sensor structure is complicated. And the sensor changes the pulse width of the incident pulse laser according to the wind speed of the corresponding wind speed point to be measured, so that the pulse laser becomes sensing laser. The device comprises: pulse laser emitted by the laser source enters the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror through the optical fiber isolator and is divided into two beams by the mirror. The first beam is reflected to a photodetector and the second beam enters a wind speed sensing network formed by a directional coupler and the sensor. The signal processing unit changes the output voltage of the laser modulator according to the first electric signal sent by the photoelectric detector, adjusts the pulse width of the laser light source, obtains the wind speed corresponding to the second electric signal according to the second electric signal sent by the photoelectric detector and the output voltage frequency of the laser modulator, and solves the wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the wind speed through continuous OTDR measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind speed sensor and a wind speed detection device based on the same, and belongs to the field of wind speed detection.
Background
China has vast territory, and the measurement of the real-time wind speed on the ground has important significance for knowing weather conditions and carrying out safety early warning. The existing wind speed sensor is divided into an active wind speed sensor and a passive wind speed sensor, and the working principles of the active wind speed sensor and the passive wind speed sensor are that wind speed is converted into an electric signal and the electric signal is sent to ground signal processing equipment. The following two problems mainly exist in the detection mode of the wind speed:
firstly, the active wind speed sensor needs to be matched with a power supply line or a battery for use, and the structure is complex.
Secondly, no matter the transmission of the electric signals of the active and passive sensors needs to be amplified by relays or other amplifying devices, otherwise, the distance of kilometers cannot be transmitted, and the problems of complex assembly and large volume are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a miniature wind speed sensor and a distributed wind speed detection device based on the same, aiming at solving the problem that the existing wind speed sensor is complex in structure.
The miniature wind speed sensor comprises a shell, a wind sensing wheel, a speed reducing rod, a speed reducing wheel set, a reflector wheel and a micro lens;
the speed reducing rod, the speed reducing wheel set, the reflector wheel and the micro lens are all arranged inside the shell;
the wind sensing wheel is linked with the reflector wheel through a speed reducing rod and a speed reducing wheel set;
the reflector wheel comprises a plurality of reflectors and a disc support body, the near ends of the reflectors are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the disc support body along the circumferential direction of the disc support body, the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors are coplanar, and the distances between any two adjacent reflectors are equal;
the side wall of the shell is provided with an optical fiber jumper wire in a penetrating way, and a first end and a second end of the optical fiber jumper wire are respectively positioned inside and outside the shell;
after external laser enters the shell through the optical fiber jumper, the external laser is sequentially subjected to convergence of the micro lens and reflection of the reflector wheel, and the reflected laser enters the first end of the optical fiber jumper after being converged by the micro lens.
Preferably, the rotor and the disc support body are both made of high-strength low-inertia materials.
Preferably, a high-reflectivity coating is provided on the reflective surfaces of the plurality of mirrors, and a high-transmissivity coating is provided on the transmissive surface of the microlens;
the end face of the first end of the optical fiber jumper is obliquely arranged and coated with a high-reflection material layer.
The distributed wind speed detection device comprises a laser light source, a fiber isolator, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, N directional couplers, N miniature wind speed sensors, a photoelectric detector, a laser modulator and a signal processing unit, wherein the fiber isolator is arranged on the front end of the laser light source;
the signal processing unit is used for carrying out pulse width modulation on the laser light source through the laser modulator;
laser emitted by the laser source is incident to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror through the optical fiber isolator;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror divides incident laser into two beams, wherein the first beam of incident laser is reflected to enter a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector converts the first beam of incident laser into a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to a signal processing unit, and the second beam of incident laser is transmitted to enter a first input/output end of a first directional coupler;
the N miniature wind speed sensors are respectively arranged at the N wind speed points to be measured;
for the first directional coupler to the Nth directional coupler, the second input and output ends of the first directional coupler and the Nth directional coupler are connected with the first input and output ends of the second directional coupler, and the third input and output end of each directional coupler is connected with the second end of the optical fiber jumper wire of the miniature wind speed sensor with the same serial number;
the micro wind speed sensor is used for converting incident laser into sensing laser in a mode of changing pulse width according to the wind speed of a wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the micro wind speed sensor, the sensing laser emitted by the micro wind speed sensor returns to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens along an original light path, the sensing laser incident to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is divided into two beams, and the first beam of sensing laser is transmitted to the optical fiber isolator and is isolated by the optical fiber isolator;
the second beam of sensing laser is reflected to enter the photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric detector converts the second beam of sensing laser into a second electric signal and sends the second electric signal to the signal processing unit;
the signal processing unit takes the first electric signal as a feedback signal to adjust an output voltage signal of the laser modulator;
the signal processing unit is further used for obtaining the rotating speed of the reflector wheel according to the period of the second electric signal and the frequency of the output voltage signal of the laser modulator, obtaining the rotating speed of the wind sensing wheel according to the rotating speed of the reflector wheel and the reduction ratio of the micro wind speed sensor, obtaining the corresponding wind speed according to the rotating speed of the wind sensing wheel, and solving the wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the wind speed through continuous OTDR measurement.
Preferably, the laser light source is a narrow linewidth laser.
Preferably, the output wavelength of the laser source is consistent with the forward transmission wavelength of the optical fiber isolator, and is consistent with the central wavelengths of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and the photoelectric detector.
The output wavelength of the laser light source and the central wavelengths of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and the photoelectric detector are 1550nm or 1310 nm.
The splitting ratio of the second input-output end and the third input-output end of the directional coupler is 100: 1.
The half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror is connected with the first directional coupler through a single-mode fiber, and the length of the single-mode fiber is greater than or equal to 500 meters.
The laser modulator is an acousto-optic modulator.
The working principle of the miniature wind speed sensor provided by the invention is as follows: and changing the pulse width of the incident pulse laser according to the wind speed of the corresponding wind speed point to be measured to enable the pulse laser to become sensing laser. According to the working principle, the micro wind speed sensor does not generate electric sparks in the working process, and the completeness is improved.
The distributed wind speed detection device forms a distributed wind speed sensing network through a plurality of directional couplers and a plurality of miniature wind speed sensors, detects wind speed values of a plurality of wind speed points to be detected in real time based on a signal processing unit, and solves the wind speed points to be detected corresponding to each wind speed value.
The invention utilizes the anti-interference characteristic of optical fiber transmission signals, selects a special structural material to form a micro mechanical part, converts the wind speed into a light stroboscopic signal, transmits the stroboscopic signal to a remote detector, and further calculates the wind speed at a corresponding position by utilizing a signal processing system, and has simple structure and low cost. Existing power lines can also be utilized for laying.
Drawings
The micro wind speed sensor and the distributed wind speed detecting device based on the same according to the present invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro wind speed sensor according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mirror wheel according to an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed wind speed detection apparatus according to the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The micro wind speed sensor and the distributed wind speed detection device based on the same will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The micro wind speed sensor comprises a shell 1, a wind sensing wheel 2, a speed reducing rod 3, a speed reducing wheel group 4, a reflector wheel 5 and a micro lens 6;
the induction wheel 2 is arranged outside the shell 1, and the deceleration rod 3, the deceleration wheel group 4, the reflector wheel 5 and the micro lens 6 are all arranged inside the shell 1;
the wind sensing wheel 2 is linked with the reflector wheel 5 through a speed reducing rod 3 and a speed reducing wheel group 4;
the reflector wheel 5 comprises a plurality of reflectors 8 and a disc support 9, the near ends of the reflectors 8 are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the disc support 9 along the circumferential direction of the disc support 9, the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors 8 are coplanar, and the distances between any two adjacent reflectors 8 are equal;
an optical fiber jumper 7 penetrates through the side wall of the shell 1, and a first end and a second end of the optical fiber jumper 7 are respectively positioned inside and outside the shell 1;
after external laser enters the shell 1 through the optical fiber jumper 7, the external laser is sequentially subjected to convergence of the micro lens 6 and reflection of the reflector wheel 5, and the reflected laser enters the first end of the optical fiber jumper 7 after being converged by the micro lens 6.
The wind-sensing wheel 2 and the disc supporting body 9 of the embodiment are both made of high-strength low-inertia materials.
The reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror 8 of the present embodiment is provided with a high-reflectivity coating, the transmitting surface of the microlens 6 is provided with a high-transmissivity coating, and the end surface of the first end of the optical fiber jumper 7 is obliquely arranged and coated with a high-reflectivity material layer.
The optical fiber jumper 7 of the present embodiment matches the numerical aperture of the microlens 6.
The miniature wind speed sensor has the advantages of small size, compact structure, no electromagnetic interference and the like.
Example two: the present embodiment is described in detail below with reference to fig. 3.
The distributed wind speed detection device comprises a laser light source 10, an optical fiber isolator 11, a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 12, first to third directional couplers 13 to 15, first to third miniature wind speed sensors 16 to 18, a photoelectric detector 19, a laser modulator 21 and a signal processing unit 20;
the signal processing unit 20 is used for performing pulse width modulation on the laser light source 10 through the laser modulator 21;
laser emitted by a laser source 10 is incident to a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 12 through an optical fiber isolator 11;
the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 12 divides the incident laser into two beams, wherein the first beam of incident laser is reflected to enter the photoelectric detector 19, the photoelectric detector 19 converts the first beam of incident laser into a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to the signal processing unit 20, and the second beam of incident laser is transmitted to enter a first input/output end of the first directional coupler 13;
the first micro wind speed sensor 16 to the third micro wind speed sensor 18 are respectively arranged at a first wind speed point to a third wind speed point to be measured;
a second input/output end of the first directional coupler 13 is connected with a first input/output end of the second directional coupler 14, a second input/output end of the second directional coupler 14 is connected with a first input/output end of the third directional coupler 15, and a second input/output end of the third directional coupler 15 is an idle end;
third input and output ends of the first directional coupler 13 to the third directional coupler 15 are respectively connected with second ends of optical fiber jumpers of the first micro wind speed sensor 16 to the third micro wind speed sensor 18;
the micro wind speed sensor is used for converting incident laser into sensing laser in a mode of changing pulse width according to the wind speed of a wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the micro wind speed sensor, the sensing laser emitted by the micro wind speed sensor returns to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 12 along an original light path, the sensing laser incident to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 12 is divided into two beams, and the first beam of the sensing laser is transmitted to the optical fiber isolator 11 and is isolated by the optical fiber isolator 11;
the second beam of sensing laser light is reflected to enter the photodetector 19, and the photodetector 19 converts the second beam of sensing laser light into a second electrical signal and sends the second electrical signal to the signal processing unit 20;
the signal processing unit 20 uses the first electrical signal as a feedback signal to adjust the output voltage signal of the laser modulator 21;
the signal processing unit 20 is further configured to obtain a rotation speed of the mirror wheel 5 according to a period of the second electrical signal and a frequency of an output voltage signal of the laser modulator 21, obtain a rotation speed of the wind sensing wheel 2 according to the rotation speed of the mirror wheel 5 and a reduction ratio of the micro wind speed sensor, obtain a corresponding wind speed according to the rotation speed of the wind sensing wheel 2, and solve a wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the wind speed through continuous OTDR measurement.
In the distributed wind speed detection device described in this embodiment, the optical paths between the functional elements are implemented by single-mode optical fibers. In practical application, the sensing distance of the distributed wind speed detection device can be increased by additionally arranging the optical fiber laser amplifier.
The laser light source 10 of the present embodiment is a narrow linewidth laser, and the pulse width of the laser pulse emitted by the laser light source is 10ns to 250 ns.
The output wavelength of the laser light source 10 of the present embodiment is consistent with the forward transmission wavelength of the fiber isolator 11, and is consistent with the center wavelengths of the half-mirror 12 and the photodetector 19.
The output wavelength of the laser light source 10, the central wavelength of the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 12 and the central wavelength of the photodetector 19 in this embodiment are 1550nm or 1310 nm.
In the first to third directional couplers 13 to 15 of this embodiment, the splitting ratio of the second input/output end to the third input/output end is 100: 1.
The half mirror 12 of the present embodiment is connected to the first directional coupler 13 through a single mode fiber having a length of 500 m or more.
The laser modulator 21 of the present embodiment is an acousto-optic modulator. Compared with the direct modulation technology of the light source, the acousto-optic modulation technology can obtain higher modulation frequency. Compared with the electro-optical modulation technology, the acousto-optical modulation technology has the advantages of higher extinction ratio, lower driving power, better temperature stability and better light spot quality. Acousto-optic modulation techniques have smaller volume, weight and better output waveform than mechanical modulation techniques.
In the distributed wind speed detection device of the embodiment, the wind drives the wind sensing wheel 2 to rotate, and the reflector wheel 5 is linked with the wind sensing wheel 2 through the speed reduction rod 3 and the speed reduction wheel group 4 with preset speed reduction ratio. The pulse laser entering the micro-wind speed sensor is converged on the reflector wheel 5 through the micro-lens 6, the rotating reflector wheel 5 converts the incident laser into reflection sensing laser with different pulse widths, and the sensing laser returns to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 12 along the original light path. The sensing laser beam incident on the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 12 is divided into two beams, and the first beam of sensing laser beam is transmitted to the optical fiber isolator 11 and isolated by the optical fiber isolator 11. The second beam of sensing laser light is reflected by the half mirror 12 and enters the photodetector 19, and the photodetector 19 converts the second beam of sensing laser light into a second electrical signal and sends the second electrical signal to the signal processing unit 20. The signal processing unit 20 obtains the rotation speed of the mirror wheel 5 according to the period of the second electrical signal and the frequency of the output voltage signal of the laser modulator 21, obtains the rotation speed of the wind sensing wheel 2 according to the rotation speed of the mirror wheel 5 and the reduction ratio, and obtains the corresponding wind speed according to the rotation speed of the wind sensing wheel 2.
The distributed wind speed detection device described in this embodiment acquires a wind speed point to be detected corresponding to a wind speed detected by the distributed wind speed detection device based on an Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) principle. And backward Rayleigh scattering can be generated in the process of transmitting the laser pulse in the single-mode optical fiber, and the total length of the optical fiber in the distributed wind speed detection device is obtained based on the optical time domain reflection principle according to the logarithmic distribution characteristic of the Rayleigh scattering. The laser pulses produce a fixed attenuation loss at each directional coupler. The position of the directional coupler, and thus the position of the micro wind speed sensor, can be obtained from the time when the rayleigh scattering generated at the fixed attenuation loss returns to the photodetector 19.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms and that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned. Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The distributed wind speed detection device based on the miniature wind speed sensor comprises a shell, a wind sensing wheel, a speed reducing rod, a speed reducing wheel set, a reflector wheel and a micro lens;
the speed reducing rod, the speed reducing wheel set, the reflector wheel and the micro lens are all arranged inside the shell;
the wind sensing wheel is linked with the reflector wheel through a speed reducing rod and a speed reducing wheel set;
the reflector wheel comprises a plurality of reflectors and a disc support body, the near ends of the reflectors are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the disc support body along the circumferential direction of the disc support body, the reflecting surfaces of the reflectors are coplanar, and the distances between any two adjacent reflectors are equal;
the side wall of the shell is provided with an optical fiber jumper wire in a penetrating way, and a first end and a second end of the optical fiber jumper wire are respectively positioned inside and outside the shell;
after external laser enters the shell through the optical fiber jumper, the external laser is converged by the micro lens and reflected by the reflector wheel in sequence, and the reflected laser is converged by the micro lens and enters the first end of the optical fiber jumper; the device is characterized in that the detection device comprises a laser light source, an optical fiber isolator, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, N directional couplers, N micro wind speed sensors, a photoelectric detector, a laser modulator and a signal processing unit;
the signal processing unit is used for carrying out pulse width modulation on the laser light source through the laser modulator;
laser emitted by the laser source is incident to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror through the optical fiber isolator;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror divides incident laser into two beams, wherein the first beam of incident laser is reflected to enter a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector converts the first beam of incident laser into a first electric signal and sends the first electric signal to a signal processing unit, and the second beam of incident laser is transmitted to enter a first input/output end of a first directional coupler;
the N miniature wind speed sensors are respectively arranged at the N wind speed points to be measured;
for the first directional coupler to the Nth directional coupler, the second input and output ends of the first directional coupler and the Nth directional coupler are connected with the first input and output ends of the second directional coupler, and the third input and output end of each directional coupler is connected with the second end of the optical fiber jumper wire of the miniature wind speed sensor with the same serial number;
the micro wind speed sensor is used for converting incident laser into sensing laser in a mode of changing pulse width according to the wind speed of a wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the micro wind speed sensor, the sensing laser emitted by the micro wind speed sensor returns to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens along an original light path, the sensing laser incident to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is divided into two beams, and the first beam of sensing laser is transmitted to the optical fiber isolator and is isolated by the optical fiber isolator;
the second beam of sensing laser is reflected to enter the photoelectric detector, and the photoelectric detector converts the second beam of sensing laser into a second electric signal and sends the second electric signal to the signal processing unit;
the signal processing unit takes the first electric signal as a feedback signal to adjust an output voltage signal of the laser modulator;
the signal processing unit is further used for obtaining the rotating speed of the reflector wheel according to the period of the second electric signal and the frequency of the output voltage signal of the laser modulator, obtaining the rotating speed of the wind sensing wheel according to the rotating speed of the reflector wheel and the reduction ratio of the micro wind speed sensor, obtaining the corresponding wind speed according to the rotating speed of the wind sensing wheel, and solving the wind speed point to be measured corresponding to the wind speed through continuous OTDR measurement.
2. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 1, wherein the laser light source is a narrow linewidth laser.
3. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 2, wherein the output wavelength of the laser light source is consistent with the forward transmission wavelength of the fiber isolator and is consistent with the central wavelength of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and the photodetector.
4. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 3, wherein the output wavelength of the laser light source and the central wavelengths of the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror and the photoelectric detector are 1550nm or 1310 nm.
5. The distributed wind speed detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the splitting ratio of the second input/output end to the third input/output end of the directional coupler is 100: 1.
6. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 5, wherein the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror is connected to the first directional coupler through a single mode fiber, and the length of the single mode fiber is greater than or equal to 500 meters.
7. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 6, wherein the laser modulator is an acousto-optic modulator.
8. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 1, wherein the wind sensing wheel and the disc support body are both made of high-strength low-inertia materials.
9. The distributed wind speed detection device according to claim 8, wherein a high reflectivity coating is disposed on the reflective surfaces of the plurality of mirrors, and a high transmissivity coating is disposed on the transmissive surfaces of the microlenses;
the end face of the first end of the optical fiber jumper is obliquely arranged and coated with a high-reflection material layer.
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| CN109298205B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-11-22 | 东南大学 | Air velocity transducer based on double layer lens structure |
| CN112255430A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-22 | 中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司 | Optical fiber reflection type anemograph and measuring system |
| WO2024054183A1 (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-03-14 | Tobb Ekonomi Ve Teknoloji Universitesi | System for coherent wind speed measurement using a broad bandwidth light source |
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