CN107816031A - The method for fixing moving dunes using the deposit of high sand-containing flood - Google Patents
The method for fixing moving dunes using the deposit of high sand-containing flood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that deposit using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is related to water conservancy and Desertification Control technical field.This using high sand-containing flood deposit fix moving dunes method it include：The dredging engineering for making high sand-containing flood flow through desert area for changing high sand-containing flood flow direction is built on the route that high sand-containing flood flows through.The embodiment of the present invention utilizes a large amount of argillo arenaceous carried in flood, after desert area is imported, due to blending the reduction of flow velocity under flood, weaken and riverbed is impacted, increase deposition capability, deposit a large amount of argillo arenaceous, after flood all enters to be seeped into the groundwater reservoir of desert, Flood Sediment forms clay hardening layer, fixed desert movement under strong evaporation conditionses.Both the harm of flood had been dissolved, and had administered harm of the desert movement to surrounding area again, and with the flood to permeate the ground at present, the local use that produces and live had been available for after desert is filtered, so as to reach the effect of safe utilization flood resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water conservancy and Desertification Control technical field, in particular to a kind of using high sand-containing flood
The method that deposit fixes moving dunes.
Background technology
Many small watersheds of NORTHWEST CHINA continental river Middle hills, its single catchment area is smaller, often without controlling
Engineering measure, these small watersheds without main projects area are the basic water collecting units in Northwest Inland Basin water system, main
Want scope to be distributed in ground, the areas such as the Qilian mountains and Altun Middle hills, Tianshan Mountains and Kun Lun Mountain Middle hills and account for mountain area Runoff Generating Area
3%-8% of area or so.The local mountain area streams in these regions and river (ditch) stream are influenceed by heavy rain, snowmelt runoff etc., are produced
Raw rainwash, which collects rapidly, to be formed, and with lasting, short, flow is big, scouring force is big, destructive power is big, big, sudden and violent containing quantity of sand and mud for formation
Rise the flood to break, and because is caused disaster without corresponding control methods of projects serious.The runoff that these small watersheds are formed is often
It is that some cities and towns and village resident production and the main of life use water source, therefore, once flood arrives, often leads to farmland quilt
Mudflow floods, and road is destroyed by rush of water by flood, and peasant and enterprise water use cannot get effective guarantee, is caused to local resident very huge
Influence, lives and properties are by serious threat.
Several large watersheds in NORTHWEST CHINA endorheic drainage include Tarim River basin, Shule River, Heihe River basin and
Shiyang River Basin, from being dispersed with the Takla Makan Desert, Kumtag Desert, Badanjilin Desert west to east and rise Ge Lisha
Desert, positioned at these continental river regions on desert periphery, hazards of sand storms is extremely serious, is mainly manifested in sand dune and is promoted to periphery, is flooded
No farmland, road, destroy ecological shelter forest and cultural relics and historic sites, sandstorm is rampant, the production in region and surrounding area resident
Life causes to have a strong impact on.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that deposit using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, its energy
Enough play a part of fixed desert movement.
What embodiments of the invention were realized in：
A kind of method that deposit using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it includes：Flowed through in high sand-containing flood
Route on build the dredging engineering for making high sand-containing flood flow through desert area for changing high sand-containing flood flow direction, wherein, it is high
The silt content of the water containing sand flood is more than 500kg/m3。
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention for example including：
The problem of for " water damage " in region and " sand damage ", the present invention make full use of a large amount of argillo arenaceous carried in flood,
After desert area is imported, due to blending the reduction of flow velocity under flood, weaken and riverbed is impacted, increase deposition capability, deposition is a large amount of
Argillo arenaceous, after flood all enters to be seeped into the groundwater reservoir of desert, Flood Sediment forms clay plate under strong evaporation conditionses
Tie layer, fixed desert movement.The harm of flood had both been dissolved in the invention, had administered harm of the desert movement to surrounding area again,
With the flood to permeate the ground at present, water source deposit underground is cleaned to be formed by desert filtration, and supplies local production and life
It is living to use, so as to reach the effect of safe utilization flood resource.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below by embodiment it is required use it is attached
Figure is briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore be not construed as pair
The restriction of scope, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be according to this
A little accompanying drawings obtain other related accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the implementation for the method that the deposit provided in an embodiment of the present invention using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes
The block diagram of step；
Fig. 2 is that the applicability that high sand-containing flood provided in an embodiment of the present invention deposition is fixed the sand differentiates block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of section on western native ditch flood investigation section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of section under western native ditch flood investigation section provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of western native ditch flood investigation section vertical section provided in an embodiment of the present invention and floodmark；
Fig. 6 closes on Dang He hydrometric stations yearly maximum wind velocity traffic frequency curve map to be provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is western native ditch flood dredging engineering horizontal layout schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is infiltration rate comparative analysis figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is local flooding provided in an embodiment of the present invention deposition regulation and control schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram that flood provided in an embodiment of the present invention enters crystallizing field；
Figure 11 is that flood provided in an embodiment of the present invention penetrates into desert, in the schematic diagram of formation of desert clay deposition layer；
Figure 12 is the vegetative coverage design sketch in hardened preceding desert of fixing the sand provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the vegetation design sketch after hardened end of fixing the sand provided in an embodiment of the present invention in sedimentary recovery.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.The present invention implementation being generally described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings
The component of example can be configured to arrange and design with a variety of.
Therefore, below the detailed description of the embodiments of the invention to providing in the accompanying drawings be not intended to limit it is claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of the present invention selected embodiment.It is common based on the embodiment in the present invention, this area
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of method that deposit using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, and it is wrapped
Include：Built on the route that high sand-containing flood flows through makes high sand-containing flood flow through desert area for changing high sand-containing flood flow direction
Dredging engineering.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 1, the method for moving dunes is fixed using the deposit of high sand-containing flood includes following step
Suddenly：
S1. to the selection of the high sand-containing flood
Referring to Fig. 2, according to flood section landform condition, carry out the applicability that high sand-containing flood deposition is fixed the sand and differentiate.
Specifically, according to geomorphologic map, carry out flood and flow through way route differentiation, judge that flood flows through whether route has hazards of sand storms, Gao Han
The silt content of sand flood water need to be more than 500kg/m3；According to topographic map, determine that flood dredges stream line, to meet to establish dredging engineering bar
Part, ensures to change and flows through route to rear flood and still have the feature of natural river runoff from top to bottom；The flood of selection dredges route
Under the conditions of should be with minimum project inputs, flood importing desert be advisable.
S2. risk analysis
Historical flood investigation is carried out, to ensure that flood is utilized in safely controllable scope, risk is utilized to reduce.According to institute
State the channel roughness of high sand-containing flood, flood plane carries out risk analysis than parameters such as drop, return period and crest discharges.
Specifically, for there is data area to carry out historical flood statistical analysis, to determine the return period；For without historical summary
Area, field exploring is carried out first, roughness n values determine that flood plane determines than drop, and crest discharge calculates.
Field exploring includes：Investigate the selected of section, horizontal, profile survey, the measurement of bed level of the river, floodmark elevation, river
Road roughness determines.
Channel roughness determines：In the section for having hydrological data, it is bent with roughness relation water level should to be drawn according to the result of actual measurement
Line, and extended, in the hope of n values during high water level.In the section of no field data, n values refer to upstream and downstream or neighbouring
The data at the similar hydrometric station of riverbed situation determines on river.Also can be according to the section feature of riverbed and beach, the flood gradient, river
The principal elements such as bed matter average grain diameter, breadth depth ratio and silt content, from《Hydrologic survey handbook》(first field work) or various regions
Checked in the roughness table of area's establishment.
Determination of the flood plane than drop：Flood plane need to be calculated than drop parameter by calculating crest discharge, in selected straight chanel
On, if the discharge area change of cross sections is little, flood plane has two kinds than the determination method of drop：The first, to flood trace
Mark clearly investigates section, screens reliable section flood level mark up and down, the water-head stated according to upper and lower section flood level mark
Value and up and down section longitudinal pitch calculate flood plane than drop.Second, not enough clearly adjusted for upper and lower section flood level mark
Section is looked into, reliable flood level mark can not be screened, flood water need to be replaced with river bed longitudinal river slope value along section testing river bed longitudinal river slope
Face is more final to determine flood plane line than depreciation, the effective floodmark of analysis part.
Crest discharge calculates：Historical flood crest discharge calculates and typically uses Manning formula, i.e.,：
In formula：Q-crest discharge, (m3/s)；
R-river cross-section hydraulic radius, (m)；
F-river course discharge area, (m2)；
I-river course water surface gradient (‰)；
N-channel roughness.
Return period and time determine；For there is the return period of flood of Streamflow Data to be calculated using Pearson I II types curve, nothing
Flow area speculates the return period by neighbouring tributary precipitation runoff relationship.
Achievement reliability demonstration；Foundation《Hydrologic survey specification》The evaluation of the flood level mark degree of reliability requires pair floodmark determined
Measurement result carries out reliability assessment, according to small watershed and hydrological data comprehensive analysis the checking return period for having investigation and interview data
Reliability.
S3. dredging engineering is built
Dredging engineering determination is carried out, and high sand-containing flood is changed flow direction, flood is decomposed, increases hydraulic radius, reduce stream
Speed；Using desert area flood seepage ability is stronger the characteristics of, high sand-containing flood is dredged, makes it when flowing through desert area,
Oozed under a large amount of floods, flow velocity declines, and weakens and riverbed is impacted, and increases deposition capability, deposits a large amount of argillo arenaceous；Penetrated into flood husky
After desert, Flood Sediment forms clay hardening layer under strong evaporation conditionses, reaches the effect of tackling quicksand.
In the training dyke (i.e. in Fig. 7 established on route for changing high sand-containing flood flow direction of flowing through of high sand-containing flood
Flood diversion dam), built in succession in the downstream of training dyke and lead canal for high sand-containing flood to be guided into the row in desert (i.e. row in Fig. 7 leads
Ditch).Embankment is built in the downstream that canal is led in row.
Specifically include following steps：
Dredging engineering position determines；Related specifications are calculated according to flood water conservancy diversion, with reference to elevation computation and optimization layout side
Method, carry out flood bank, lead canal, the structure for dredging fluid stream channel and optimization layout designs.The principle that dredging engineering is laid is effectively to dredge
Flood is led, ensures flood control safety again, therefore designs dredging engineering to take " training dyke+row leads canal+embankment ".Wherein lead
The design of stream dam primarily serves the effect that water conservancy diversion changes its course, therefore upstream batter uses M10 cemented rock bank protections, after downstream slope is using excavating
Cobble accumulation compacting, upstream batter and downstream slope slope ratio are 1:1.Row leads canal immediately training dyke downstream, to save project inputs,
Row is built using original flood ditch bank and leads canal, can use excavation type trapezoidal cross-section, according to original ground longitudinal slope drop, design longitudinal slope drop
Original ground longitudinal slope drop is should be less than, row leads canal makes raceway groove straight as far as possible, and excretion is unimpeded, and preventing and treating is crossed, and according to actual conditions, row leads canal
Embankment form can be rolled using unilateral gravelly soil, effectively can so had the mud-rock flow in the high sand-containing flood after water conservancy diversion
Effect row is directed at downstream desert region.Embankment is the second defence line of flood control engineering, prevents mountain torrents mud-rock flow from crossing, under
Trip damages, and prevents and treats harm of the mountain torrents flood of catchment area formation between training dyke and the exit or entrance of a clitch to the exit or entrance of a clitch.
The requirement of dredging engineering flood control standard；For engineering mainly by building bank protection, regulation raceway groove reaches control main flow,
The purpose of stable river regime；Therefore basis《Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering grade classification and standard of flood》(SL252-2000)、《Flood control mark
It is accurate》The pertinent regulations of (GB50201-94), prevent that the upper limit of IV grade of flood control standard 10-20 return periods meets flood in 20 years one by agriculture
Water is set up defences, and project scale or rank of project is small (1) the type engineering such as IV, and key construction is by 4 grades of designs, secondary structure by 5 grades of designs.
Engineering Flood Control Evaluation is analyzed；Section where from dam site investigation construction project to be built approaches with plain tract, and riverbed is punching flood
Formed based on product sand gravel layer and sandy loam, there is Scour and Accretion in riverbed during flood.Now according to Project Areas section riverbed composition, river course
Than drop and measured profile, riverbed correlation analysis is carried out.Including：Riverbed longitudinal stability and lateral Stability Analysis, wherein river
Bed longitudinal stability analysis is calculated as follows：
In formula：Φh- coefficient of stability；
D-bed material average grain diameter (mm)；
I-longitudinal direction is than drop (mm/m)；
Riverbed lateral Stability Analysis is calculated as follows：
In formula：ζ-lateral stability coefficient；
River width (m) during B-channel forming disahcge；
Mean depth (m) during H-channel forming disahcge；
The water analysis of dredging engineering harmony calculates；Calculated including design flood level, training dyke flood level is calculated, training dyke basis is buried
Deep determination and row lead canal discharge capacity and analyze four parts.
Design flood level calculates：This is administered western native ditch flood level and calculated using the calculating of flow energy equation.
Z1+a1V1 2/2g+hf+hj=Z2+a2V2 2/2g
In formula：Z1、Z2- it is respectively lower section, the water level elevation (m) of upper section；
a1V1 2/2g、a2V2 2/ 2g-it is respectively lower section, the kinetic head (m) of upper section；
hf- the frictional head loss (m) between upper and lower section, hf=JL；
hj- the local head loss (m) between upper and lower section, does not consider generally.
Training dyke flood level calculates：Including wave run-up Rp, wind harmony height e and levee crown highly determine, wherein wave run-up
Rp, wind harmony height e use《Code for design of levee projects》(GB50286-98) formula in calculates, and top of the slope height is by design flood
Position, wave run-up, wind stops up height and safe superelevation determines.By formula H=h+Rp+ e+A is calculated.
In formula：H-levee crown height (m) (talweg is started at from riverbed)；
H-design flood the depth of water (m)；
Rp- wave run-up (m)；
E-wind stops up height (m), ignores；
A-safe superelevation；
Training dyke embedded depth of foundation determines：Wherein scour depth according to《Code for design of levee projects》(GB50286-98) really
Fixed, training dyke embedded depth of foundation is according to calculating scour depth and engages actual geological condition determination.
Row leads the analysis of canal discharge capacity：The conveyance capacity for being led canal design to row using following equation is checked：
QIf=AIf·VIf=AIf·mC is setHC is set 2/3iC 1/2
Wherein, QIf- design section allows the maximum stream flow (m passed through3/s)；
AIfThe minimum flow section area (m of-design2)；
VIf- section part design mean flow rate (m/s)；
mC is set- raceway groove roughness coefficien.It is deep according to flood (mud-rock flow) type, ditch bed longitudinal slope, flatness, deposit character, mud
Tabled look-up value etc. key element；
HC is set- section part allows maximum mean depth (m)；
iC- section part ditch bed longitudinal slope.
High sand-containing flood is dredged, it is oozed when flowing through desert area under a large amount of floods, flow velocity declines, and weakens to riverbed
Impact, increase deposition capability enhancing, deposits a large amount of argillo arenaceous, including step in detail below：
The comparative determination of infiltration rate；The saturation infiltrated water in area is mainly infiltrated to determine by saturation infiltration instrument, entered
And select the larger region of infiltrated water as high sand-containing flood and infiltrate crystallizing field, to ensure that maximum water resource penetrates into ground
Under, and argillo arenaceous deposits to surface layer of desert；
The control of the measure and flood discharge of flood sediment content, to determine that fluvial deposition layer covers burial depth；Flood
The measure of sediment charge mainly calculates analysis by sampling, and ratio of the measure argillo arenaceous in flood, then passes through conveying one
Quantitative water containing sand flood enters the desert area for needing fluvial deposition to cover, then covers the average thickness of desert area argillo arenaceous sedimentary
It is as follows to spend calculation formula：
D=Q*r/A,
Wherein, the average thickness of D-covering desert area argillo arenaceous sedimentary；
Q-be flowed into needs the flood discharge for the desert area that fluvial deposition covers；
Volume ratio of the r-argillo arenaceous in flood；
The desert area area that A-need fluvial deposition covers；
Local flooding deposition regulation and control：Multiple sandstone dams are built in the both sides that canal is led in row, utilize two adjacent sand of the same side
Masonry dam surrounds multiple separate crystallizing fields (i.e. fluvial deposition area in Fig. 9), and both sides (the i.e. flood in Fig. 9 of canal is led in row
The both sides of flow direction) open up for the crystallizing field for arranging the high sand-containing flood importing crystallizing field led in canal to be regulated and controled into mouth.Led along row in canal
The flow direction of high sand-containing flood opens first crystallizing field regulation and control mouth, and high sand-containing flood row led in canal imports accordingly first
Crystallizing field, after the deposit thickness that the deposition of first crystallizing field is fixed the sand reaches preset thickness, it is corresponding to close first crystallizing field
First crystallizing field regulation and control mouth, next adjacent crystallizing field regulation and control mouth is opened, to realize local flooding deposition regulation and control.
After flood penetrates into desert, Flood Sediment forms clay hardening layer, including following tool under strong evaporation conditionses
Body step：
After flood, which enters, needs to deposit the desert area of covering, desert, the desert top shape in bottom are penetrated into flood part
Coating is deposited into argillo arenaceous, nature seepage is may wait for and forms clay deposition layer；
It can shift to an earlier date pre-buried cement culvert pipe in the desert area dam middle and lower part (sedimentation layer top) of fluvial deposition covering,
After sedimentation terminates, clear water is exported to the desert area of no clay covering by cement culvert pipe, oozed under can increasing
Speed, and then enter groundwater reservoir, water conservation, prevent invalid evaporation；
The clay deposition layer of formation can form hardening layer under the conditions of natural evaporation on top layer, play sand fixation, simultaneously
Because hardening layer porosity is smaller, soil evaporation, recharging groundwater can be effectively prevented；
S4. effect and benefit evaluation
Pair determine that high sand-containing flood deposit sand fixing technology achievement carries out effect and benefit evaluation, including walk in detail below
Suddenly：
Evaluation on social benefits, evaluation on social benefits method use method of comparative analysis, refer to there is project situation and without project
The social influence comparative analysis of situation, have project situation subtract synchronization without project situation, precisely due to project construction is drawn
The social influence risen；
Evaluation of economic benefit, using Cost Analysis Method, i.e. total input cost is early investment engineering cost and entered every year
Row is safeguarded and regulation and control cost, and output cost is that clay fixes the sand cost and increase production and living water source cost；
Ecological Benefit Evaluation, using Ecosystem Service Value evaluation method；
Benefits of Disaster Reduction is evaluated, and using comparative analysis method, is referred to having project situation and Benefits of Disaster Reduction without project situation
Comparative analysis, have project situation subtract synchronization without project situation, precisely due to Benefits of Disaster Reduction shadow caused by project construction
Ring.
One is entered to the method for the deposit fixation moving dunes using high sand-containing flood of the present invention with reference to embodiments
Step is illustrated.
Embodiment
The western native Watershed in Dunhuang Yanguan Pass town is selected as specific trial zone.
The applicability that step (1) high sand-containing flood deposition is fixed the sand differentiates
The region is that big flood and sand calamity endanger extremely serious area.Western native Watershed is located at Yanguan Pass town western part 3km or so,
Khoum Plutarch desert is isolated with Yanguan Pass oasis, limited by orographic condition, river valley is in nearly north-south spread, highest height above sea level
5536m, minimum height above sea level 1187m.The ditch flood serious threat western Tu Gou downstreams Yanguan Pass town Yanguan Pass forest farm Long Le villages resident and honest
Bright Ecological Park property and people's life safety, investigate to western native ditch last decade from Dunhuang water conservancy will and occurred 20 compared with great flood
Remaining time.Based on high mountain landforms, mountain shape is precipitous for basin mountain region upstream, in, downstream mountain region to be to rush proluvial, based on Gobi desert landforms.
Exit or entrance of a clitch downstream is that Yanguan Pass forest farm Long Le villages, Dunhuang are flown to the sky the unit such as ecological industry eco-technology garden, have fish farm tourism and leisure,
The facilities such as vineyard.In, downstream raceway groove side most of be Gobi desert, substantially without resident's inhabitation.Differentiate that the region is expired according to Fig. 2
Sufficient fluvial deposition fixes the sand requirement.
Step (2) carries out historical flood investigation to ensure that flood is utilized in safely controllable scope, and risk is utilized to reduce；
Western Tu Gou rises in Qilian Mountains, is fed by glacier snow-broth, river course is in substantially south-north direction, and Yanguan Pass forest farm is with upstream
Domain area 747km2, main flow length L=49.5km, river course average gradient J=7.44 ‰.Western native ditch climate and the influence of topography
Flood is produced by isolated storm more, and usually rainwash occurs in the form of spring, spring Yanguan Pass forest farm upstream about at 5km from sand
Flowed out in desert, flow into desert, the long 12km of insulated stream again at the downstream 7km of Yanguan Pass forest farm.Provided due to being surveyed in basin without the hydrology
Material, the flood data investigated is too short can not to extend use.Therefore the calculation method of this flood, using Gansu Province's small watershed
Crest discharge empirical formula method, iron First Academy short cut technique and neighbouring basin party river observed flood calculating method Derivation Design flood.
Western Tu Gou belongs to intermittent raceway groove, usually dries up, climate and the influence of topography, flood are produced by isolated storm more, especially
It is that Winter-Spring arid, summer and autumn temperature raise in recent years so that 5-9 month heavy rains increase, and caused crest discharge is big, lasts
Progressively lengthen, flood peak form is mostly unimodal, in sharp thin, rises to fall suddenly suddenly.Because in basin without hydrology field data, this flood
Calculation is calculated using Gansu Province's small watershed crest discharge empirical formula method, iron First Academy short cut technique and neighbouring basin party river observed flood
Method comparative analysis (as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).Because Xi Tugou and party river valley are neighbouring, physical geography condition in area
Than more consistent, full basin distribution of rainfall is more uniform, can be according to formula QIf=(FIf/FGinseng)n QGinseng(n values 0.5) is modified,
The flood achievement at party's River Reservoir hydrometric station is calculated to western native Watershed.By the way that western native ditch different reoccurrence flood peak stream is calculated
Design load is measured, it is as shown in the table：
The western native ditch different reoccurrence crest discharge design load of table 1.
Through above-mentioned analysis, this Calculation of Flood uses neighbouring basin party river flood to inquire into the determination of method analysis results.I.e.：Western soil
It is 227m that ditch, which meets crest discharge for 100 years one,3/ s, it is 189m that 50 years one, which meet crest discharge,3/ s, meeting crest discharge within 30 years one is
152m3/ s, it is 140m that 20 years one, which meet crest discharge,3/ s, it is 105m that 10 years one, which meet crest discharge,3/ s, meeting crest discharge within 5 years one is
70.3m3/s。
For engineering mainly by building bank protection, regulation raceway groove reaches control main flow, the purpose of stable river regime；Ensure sun
General Guan Yu's Tomb field, vineyard and downstream farmland are irrigated in good time, improve flying apsaras eco-technology garden duty water；Increase the water surface, increase people
Literary landscape, it is harmonious with surrounding enviroment.In view of there are ten thousand mu of vineyaries, Yanguan Pass forest farm and flying apsaras eco-technology garden in raceway groove downstream,
Once river levee has an accident, loss is huge, therefore basis《Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering grade classification and standard of flood》(SL252-2000)、
《Flood control standard》The pertinent regulations of (GB50201-94), the upper limit 20 years of IV grade of flood control standard 10-20 return periods is prevented by agriculture
One chance flood is set up defences, and project scale or rank of project is small (1) the type engineering such as IV, and key construction is set by 4 grades of designs, secondary structures by 5 grades
Meter.
Step (3) carries out dredging engineering determination
Dredging engineering is determined as shown in fig. 7, building training dyke, row leads canal and exit or entrance of a clitch fish farm southern side dyke-fortification work.The work
Journey head built training dyke on Hong Quan dams before this, and the flood water conservancy diversion after western Tu Gou is come out of retirement and taken up an official post herein changes its course, and immediately training dyke builds row
Canal is led, the flood row after changing its course is directed at desert Dujiang weir water conservation area, protects western Tu Gou downstreams spring to overflow band and wetland
Safety.Next to that building embankment in exit or entrance of a clitch Dunhuang flying apsaras scientific and technological ecological park fish farm southern side, prevent by training dyke and breed fish
Harm of the mountain torrents flood that catchment area is formed between to the exit or entrance of a clitch.
Training dyke engineering：Training dyke engineering plays a part of changing mud-rock flow flow direction, to protect primitive groove road ecology and spring
It is normal to overflow, training dyke northern vertical western Tu Gou, long 100m, high 5m (containing 1.5m bases), top width 26m, bottom width 33m, upstream batter
It is 1 with downstream slope slope ratio:1, upstream batter uses M10 cemented rock bank protections, and downstream slope is compacted using the cobble accumulation after excavating,
Southern training dyke is parallel to existing irrigation canal, between Xi Tugou and irrigation canal, top width 21m, bottom width 26m, high 2.0m,
Upstream batter and downstream slope slope ratio are 1:1.
Row leads canal engineering：Row leads canal immediately training dyke downstream, mainly builds row using original flood ditch bank and leads canal.Row leads canal
Northwards laid at training dyke, a length of 2000m, using excavation type trapezoidal cross-section, bottom width 16m, top width 22m, canal depth 3.0m, both sides
Slope ratio is 1:1, original ground longitudinal slope will be 5.2 ‰, and design longitudinal slope will be 4 ‰.Row in above length range leads canal to be made as far as possible
Raceway groove is straight, and excretion is unimpeded, prevents from crossing.Remaining 19km rolls flood dam form using unilateral (right side) gravelly soil, by water conservancy diversion
Debris flow drainage afterwards is directed at downstream gobi, desert region.
Embankment engineering：Prevent mountain torrents mud-rock flow from crossing fish farm, downstream is damaged.Bank protection be and Dunhuang flying apsaras section
The southern side of skill ecological park fish farm, basically perpendicular to raceway groove.Bank protection uses trapezoidal cross-section, and top surface total length 165m, top width 3.0m are high
2.6-3.8m (the low north in south is high), two side slope ratios are 1:1.5, bottom width 10.8-14.4m.Upstream face is cast-in-place using C15 concretes, thick
22cm, the deep 2m in upstream face basis, it is 1 than drop with domatic identical:1.5.Foundation bottom using top width × low width x thickness=
77.25cm × 50cm × 0cm rectangular cross section, material for it is domatic it is identical be that C15 concretes are cast-in-place, and back side does not set basis.Levee crown
Thick 15cm is laid using C15 concretes cobble, upstream face is inclined to by 3% gradient.Bank protection is using rammer back-up sand gravel, it is desirable to relative density
More than 0.6.The each 5m of upstream face sets one of expansion joint, wide 2cm, is filled using ethylene closed cell plate and PVC cement,
Anti- water-stop body enters bank protection.
It is computed, the design discharge Q of dredging engineeringIf=172m3/ s, its value are more than the ditch and meet synthesis design flow in 20 years one
140m3/ s, the conveyance capacity of western native ditch dredging engineering meet design requirement.
Step (4) dredges high sand-containing flood, it is oozed when flowing through desert area under a large amount of floods, and flow velocity declines, and weakens
Riverbed is impacted, increases deposition capability, deposits a large amount of argillo arenaceous；
Contrast is determined by Fig. 8 infiltration rate, the larger region of prioritizing selection infiltration rate covers as desert deposit
Area；Then ratio of the measure argillo arenaceous in flood, it is then determined that the desert area conveying of fluvial deposition covering selected by entering is containing sand
Flood discharge.Project Areas Suspended Sediment Discharge table 2 is as follows.Volume ratio 3~6% of the argillo arenaceous in flood is calculated.
The western native ditch Suspended Sediment Discharge of table 2.
Fig. 9 is local flooding deposition regulation and control schematic diagram, i.e., when the deposit thickness that fluvial deposition fixes the sand in a flood
Reach clay to fix the sand after standard, it is necessary to flood is imported into next adjacent desert area for needing fluvial deposition to cover, can be with
After this flood terminates, flood introducing port is closed, and flood, which is imported, next adjacent needs fluvial deposition to cover
Desert area, come realize local flooding deposition regulation and control.
After flood penetrates into desert, Flood Sediment forms clay hardening layer, reached step (5) under strong evaporation conditionses
To the effect of tackling quicksand.
After flood, which enters, needs to deposit the desert area of covering, desert, the desert top shape in bottom are penetrated into flood part
Coating is deposited into argillo arenaceous, nature seepage is may wait for and forms clay deposition layer (referring to Figure 10 and Figure 11)；
The clay deposition layer of formation can form hardening layer under the conditions of natural evaporation on top layer, play sand fixation, simultaneously
Because hardening layer porosity is smaller, soil evaporation, recharging groundwater can be effectively prevented, and effectively facilitate revegetation (to join
Read Figure 12 and Figure 13).
Step (6) pair determines that high sand-containing flood deposit sand fixing technology achievement carries out effect and benefit evaluation.
Social benefit and ecological benefits：By with the lasting performance of the technology ecology benefit, in the forefront of Yanguan Pass, life
State administers area and reaches 26000 mu, desertification treatment area 60km2, check winds and fix drifting sand area 30km2, form protection Dunhuang San Dao
Barrier.Social benefit is very notable.
Benefits of Disaster Reduction：The application of the technology, 20 years one flood (mud-rock flow) disasters met greatly are alleviated, make Yanguan Pass thousands of
People's life, more than 20,000 mus of farmland, more than 30,000 mus of windbreak avoid devastating disaster, protect Yanguan Pass and its history relic.Setting
The scale and harmfulness, danger of disastrous mud-rock flow are effectively controlled and weakened in the meter time limit, thus can effectively protect flood (mud
Rock glacier) security of the lives and property of government department, enterprises and institutions and resident in damaging range.
Economic benefit：Nearly ten years, add up to fix the sand area up to km more than 302, the solid burial depth of mean clay is 30cm, then
Clay earth volume of always fixing the sand is 9000000 cubic metres.It is 100 yuans of meters according to every cubic metre of clay cost and cost of transportation
Calculate, then the economic benefit fixed the sand has reached 900,000,000 yuans.
In original water-carrying capacity 0.3m3On the basis of/s, 0.6m is increased newly3/ more than s, region rain-flood resources are developed,
Human livestock drinking water water resource protection, regional flood disaster engineering control, desert preventing and treating, water and soil conservation, the construction of ecological environment, water resource weight
Multiple utilization, tourist industry development etc. provide guarantee, protect the production and living of Dunhuang Yanguan Pass area peasant, make peasant family
Increase income more than 30%, add up economic benefit up to more than 4.8 hundred million yuan.
In summary, the present invention controls " sand damage " with " water damage ", i.e., by dredging natural high sand-containing flood, is conducted into desert
Area, permeate the ground, form groundwater reservoir, and the argillo arenaceous in flood is deposited on desert surface, forms clay hardening layer, and then
Reach the purpose for staying silt without staying water, fixed desert movement.The invention is to have dissolved the harm of flood, has administered desert shifting again
The dynamic harm to surrounding area, with the flood to permeate the ground at present, cleaning water source deposit ground is formed by desert filtration
Under, and produce and live for locality and use, so as to reach the effect of safe utilization flood resource.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that deposit using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that it includes：In Gao Hansha
Built on the route that flood flows through makes the high sand-containing flood flow through desert area for changing the high sand-containing flood flow direction
Dredging engineering；Wherein, the silt content of the high sand-containing flood is more than 500kg/m3。
2. the method that the deposit according to claim 1 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
Before the dredging engineering is built, in addition to the selection to the high sand-containing flood：The high sand-containing flood flows through route tool
There is hazards of sand storms.
3. the method that the deposit according to claim 1 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
After the high sand-containing flood is selected, before the dredging engineering is built, in addition to the ginseng according to the high sand-containing flood
Number carries out risk analysis, and the parameter includes channel roughness, flood plane than drop, return period and crest discharge.
4. the method that the deposit according to claim 1 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
Building the dredging engineering includes：Established in flowing through for the high sand-containing flood on route for changing the high sand-containing flood stream
To training dyke, build in the downstream of the training dyke and led for the high sand-containing flood to be guided into the row in the desert in succession
Canal.
5. the method that the deposit according to claim 4 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
Establish the dredging engineering and be additionally included in the row and lead the downstream of canal and build embankment, the levee crown thickness of the embankment is 15-
30cm。
6. the method that the deposit according to claim 5 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
The upstream face of the embankment sets one of expansion joint at interval of 3-8m, and the width at the expansion joint is 2-3cm, utilizes polyethylene
Closed pore plate and PVC cement fill the expansion joint, enter the embankment to prevent water-stop body.
7. the method that the deposit according to claim 5 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
The upstream face of the training dyke and the gradient ratio of back side are 1:1；
The gradient ratio of upstream face and back side that the row leads canal is 1:1；
The upstream face of the embankment and the gradient ratio of back side are 1:1.5.
8. the method that the deposit according to claim 4 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
Multiple sandstone dams are built in the both sides that canal is led in the row, are surrounded using two adjacent sandstone dams of the same side multiple mutually only
Vertical crystallizing field, the row lead canal both sides open up for the row is led the high sand-containing flood in canal import it is described heavy
The crystallizing field regulation and control mouth in product area.
9. the method that the deposit according to claim 8 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, it is characterised in that
Multiple crystallizing fields that canal both sides are led in the row using building regulate and control to fluvial deposition；
The flow direction that the high sand-containing flood in canal is led along the row opens first crystallizing field regulation and control mouth, and the row is led into canal
The interior high sand-containing flood imports accordingly first crystallizing field, when what the deposition of first crystallizing field was fixed the sand sinks
After product thickness reaches preset thickness, first crystallizing field regulation and control mouth corresponding to first crystallizing field is closed, under unlatching
One adjacent crystallizing field regulation and control mouth.
10. the method that the deposit according to claim 8 using high sand-containing flood fixes moving dunes, its feature exist
In the clear water export that will be obtained using the drainage tube below the crystallizing field after the desert is filtered.
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Cited By (3)
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| US20190316309A1 (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | One Concern, Inc. | Flood monitoring and management system |
| CN113987971A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 北京中地华安环境工程有限公司 | Flood danger early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN114351792A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for observing running water supply amount of sand dune on sand-crossing river through submerged side infiltration |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20190316309A1 (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | One Concern, Inc. | Flood monitoring and management system |
| US11519146B2 (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2022-12-06 | One Concern, Inc. | Flood monitoring and management system |
| CN113987971A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 北京中地华安环境工程有限公司 | Flood danger early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN113987971B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-05 | 北京中地华安科技股份有限公司 | Flood risk early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN114351792A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for observing running water supply amount of sand dune on sand-crossing river through submerged side infiltration |
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