CN107803982B - Printing method and device for 3D object with suspension structure - Google Patents
Printing method and device for 3D object with suspension structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN107803982B CN107803982B CN201610806448.1A CN201610806448A CN107803982B CN 107803982 B CN107803982 B CN 107803982B CN 201610806448 A CN201610806448 A CN 201610806448A CN 107803982 B CN107803982 B CN 107803982B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/002—Coloured
- B29K2995/0021—Multi-coloured
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Abstract
The invention provides a printing method of a 3D object, which comprises the following steps: a. printing an interface layer by using an interface layer material based on the interface layer data, printing a non-interface layer by using a non-interface layer material based on the non-interface layer data, wherein at least part of layer supporting results consist of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, and the non-interface layer is isolated from the layer printing results by the interface layer; wherein the layer printing result is printed by using a molding material, the physical properties of the interface layer material and the molding material which are in contact with each other are different, and the physical properties of the interface layer material are different from those of the non-interface layer material; b. and c, repeating the step a to form a plurality of layer supporting results and a plurality of layer printing results, and mutually superposing the plurality of layer printing results and the plurality of layer supporting results to form the 3D object. The printing method can print high-precision 3D objects with complex structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D object rapid forming, in particular to a 3D object printing method and device with a suspension structure.
Background
The rapid prototyping technology is also called rapid prototyping technology or additive manufacturing technology, and the basic principle of the rapid prototyping technology is to manufacture a 3D object by processing and stacking layer by layer based on 3D model slicing and data processing.
The specific manufacturing process of the target 3D object differs according to the shape difference, and the first way is: printing each layer by using a forming material only in the manufacturing process of the target 3D object, and superposing the next layer of forming material on the previous layer of forming material to finally manufacture the target 3D object; the second way is: there is the phenomenon of one deck before the overhead of back one deck in target 3D object manufacturing process, target 3D object has unsettled structure promptly, not only needs the shaping material to print target object this moment in printing process to print target 3D object accuracy but also needs to use the supporting material to print bearing structure and provide the support for the layer that corresponds. However, the support structure functions to fill in the suspended structure to provide support, the support structure must be removed from the target 3D object after the target 3D object is printed, and it must be ensured that the structure of the target 3D object itself is not damaged during the removal process.
In the prior art, when a suspended structure exists in a target 3D object, a second method is required to be adopted for printing, and in a specific printing process, the performance difference between a molding material and a supporting material is mainly considered, for example, there are several solutions as follows:
the first solution is as follows: the forming material is selected from a water-insoluble material, the supporting material is selected from a water-soluble material, the target 3D object is placed in water after the printing of the target 3D object is completed, the supporting structure is slowly dissolved in the water and finally removed from the target 3D object, such as U.S. Pat. nos. US6569373B2, US9138981B1 and US8460451B2, however, the method for removing the supporting structure has the disadvantages that: on the one hand, the dissolution speed of the supporting structure in water is relatively slow, and on the other hand, water resources are wasted and the risk of polluting the water body is caused.
The second solution is: the support material is selected to be soluble in a specific solvent, the target object is placed in the specific solvent after the printing of the target 3D object is completed, the support structure is slowly dissolved in the solvent and finally removed from the 3D object, such as in US7479510B, however, the use of this method to remove the support structure has the disadvantages that the dissolution speed of the support structure in the solvent is relatively slow, and on the other hand, the use of organic solvent is likely to cause environmental pollution.
The third solution is: the molding material and the support material are selected from temperature-curable materials with different melting points, wherein the melting point of the support material is lower than that of the molding material, such as wax materials with different melting points, the target 3D object is placed in a heating environment after the target 3D object is printed, the support structure is slowly dissolved and finally removed from the target 3D object when the temperature is raised to be within the melting point range of the support material, such as U.S. Pat. nos. US7399796B2 and US857525882, and the like, however, when the temperature-curable materials are used for ink-jet printing, the temperature control requirement on the whole ink path system is high, otherwise, the viscosity of the materials is increased due to low temperature, and the flowability is.
The solution mode is as follows: the support material is selected from a material with mechanical properties different from those of the molding material, such as the support material has lower strength and/or hardness than the molding material, or the support material is more brittle than the molding material, and the support structure is removed by using mechanical force after the target 3D object is printed, however, since the support structure provides support for the target object during the printing process of the target object, the lower strength and/or hardness of the support structure is difficult to support the whole target object, which easily causes the target object to deform and affect the molding accuracy, or the support material has higher brittleness, the support structure is easily cracked during the support process, thereby affecting the molding accuracy of the target object.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for printing a 3D object with a suspended structure, the method for printing the 3D object by overlapping a plurality of layer supporting results and a plurality of layer printing results, includes the following steps:
a. printing an interface layer using an interface layer material based on interface layer data and a non-interface layer using a non-interface layer material based on non-interface layer data, at least a portion of the layer support effort being made up of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, the interface layer isolating the non-interface layer from the layer print effort;
wherein the layer printing result is printed by using a molding material, and the physical properties of the interface layer material and the molding material which are in contact with each other are different, and the physical properties of the interface layer material are different from those of the non-interface layer material;
b. and c, repeating the step a to form a plurality of layer supporting results and a plurality of layer printing results, wherein the plurality of layer printing results and the plurality of layer supporting results are mutually overlapped to form the 3D object.
Preferably, in the 3D object, the total amount of interface layer material is less than the total amount of non-interface layer material.
Preferably, in the layer support result composed of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, the total amount of the interface layer material is smaller than the total amount of the non-interface layer material.
Preferably, a plurality of said interface layers isolate said layer print from a plurality of said non-interface layers, a plurality of said interface layers being continuously distributed, and a plurality of said non-interface layers also being continuously distributed.
Preferably, a plurality of said interface layers are printed using one said interface layer material and a plurality of said non-interface layers are printed using one said non-interface layer material.
Preferably, a plurality of said interface layers are printed using a plurality of said interface layer materials and a plurality of said non-interface layers are printed using a plurality of said non-interface layer materials.
Preferably, the physical properties of the interface layer material and the molding material in contact with each other and the physical properties of the non-interface layer material are mechanical properties.
Preferably, the mechanical property is strength or hardness.
Preferably, the mechanical properties of the interface layer materials in contact with each other are less than the mechanical properties of the molding material.
Preferably, the mechanical properties of the interface layer material are less than the mechanical properties of the non-interface layer material.
Preferably, the layer support effect is removed by means of mechanical force impact.
Preferably, the mechanical force impact is by water impact or ultrasonic vibration or manual peeling.
Preferably, the step a is preceded by the steps of:
a1. and layering the target object and acquiring layer printing data of each layer, wherein the layer printing data at least comprises layer forming data, and the layer forming data is used for printing the layer printing result.
Preferably, the layer print data further includes the interface layer data or the layer print data further includes the interface layer data and the non-interface layer data.
Preferably, the layer forming data includes layer forming structure data and layer forming non-structure data, the interface layer data includes interface layer structure data and interface layer non-structure data, and the non-interface layer data includes non-interface layer structure data and non-interface layer non-structure data.
Preferably, the layer formation non-structural data comprises layer formation colour data and/or layer formation material property data, the interface layer non-structural data comprises interface layer colour data and/or interface layer material property data, and the non-interface layer non-structural data comprises non-interface layer colour data and/or non-interface layer material property data.
Preferably, the molding material, the interface layer material and the non-interface layer material are all light-cured materials.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a 3D object printing apparatus having a suspended structure, including:
the processing terminal is used for layering the target object and acquiring layer printing data of each layer;
the spraying device is provided with at least one forming material outlet, at least one interface layer material outlet and at least one non-interface layer material outlet;
a drive controller that controls the spray coating device to perform a printing action based on the layer printing data.
Preferably, the spray coating device is a print head, the molding material outlets are molding material channels of the print head, each molding material channel is provided with a plurality of molding material spray holes, the interface layer material outlet is an interface layer material channel of the print head, each interface layer material channel is provided with a plurality of interface layer material spray holes, the non-interface layer material outlet is a non-interface layer material channel of the print head, and each non-interface layer material channel is provided with a plurality of non-interface layer material spray holes.
Preferably, a light curing source is further included for curing the molding material, the interface layer material and the non-interface layer material.
Preferably, the light curing source is a UV light source, an infrared light source or an electron beam.
Preferably, a leveling mechanism is also included for leveling the layer print outcome, the interface layer, and the non-interface layer.
According to the method for printing the 3D object with the suspended structure, the supporting structure is divided into the interface layer and the non-interface layer, the interface layer is printed by using the interface layer material, the non-interface layer is printed by using the non-interface layer material, and the non-interface layer is naturally separated from the forming material as long as the interface layer can be stripped from the forming material, so that the beneficial effects of improving the stripping speed, protecting the environment, reducing the stripping condition and the like can be achieved by adjusting the type of the interface layer material, and the beneficial effects of improving the supporting effect, improving the size precision of the 3D object and the like can be achieved by adjusting the type of the non-interface layer material. Therefore, the printing method of the present invention can print a high-precision 3D object having a complex structure.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of printing a 3D object having suspended structures, according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a 3D object with suspended structures according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a 3D object with suspended structures without a support structure removed according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a layer of a 3D object having suspended structures according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of another method of printing a 3D object with suspended structures according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of a printing apparatus for fabricating a 3D object having a suspended structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The person skilled in the art understands that the printing method provided by the present invention is preferably used to manufacture a 3D object by layer-by-layer printing, specifically, by layer-by-layer printing a layer printing result and a layer support result, and stacking the plurality of layer support results and the plurality of layer printing results on top of each other to manufacture the 3D object, wherein the layer printing result can be printed by using a molding material in combination with the prior art, and the layer support result is printed in combination with the printing method provided by the present invention, as described in detail later.
Further, fig. 1 shows a method for printing a 3D object with a suspended structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
firstly, step S101 is executed, an interface layer is printed by using an interface layer material based on interface layer data, a non-interface layer is printed by using a non-interface layer material based on non-interface layer data, at least part of the layer supporting result is composed of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, and the interface layer isolates the non-interface layer from the layer printing result. Specifically, the interface layer data includes interface layer structure data and interface layer non-structure data, preferably, the interface layer structure data corresponds to data of spatial coordinates, and the interface layer non-structure data corresponds to type data of an interface layer material, for example, if the interface layer material is a material with different colors, the interface layer non-structure data is color value data, and if the interface layer material is a material with different properties, the interface layer non-structure data is material property data. More specifically, the interface layer data is associated with a plurality of interface layer pixels, for example, when printing one interface layer, the interface layer structure data includes N interface layer structure pixel data, and the interface layer non-structure data includes one material property data, the driving controller controls the print head to eject one interface layer material for printing according to the N interface layer structure pixel data and the one material property data, and finally the interface layer is formed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the interface layer comprises a plurality of interface layers, wherein one interface layer is printed using one interface layer material, and a plurality of interface layers may be printed using one or more interface layer materials.
Further, the non-interface layer data includes non-interface layer structure data and non-interface layer non-structure data, preferably, the non-interface layer structure data corresponds to data of spatial coordinates, and the non-interface layer non-structure data corresponds to type data of a non-interface layer material, for example, if the non-interface layer material is a material with different colors, the non-interface layer non-structure data is color value data, and if the non-interface layer material is a material with different properties, the non-interface layer non-structure data is material property data. Specifically, the non-interface layer data is associated with a plurality of non-interface layer pixel points, for example, when printing one non-interface layer, the non-interface layer structure data includes M non-interface layer structure pixel point data, and the non-interface layer non-structure data includes one material property data, the driving controller controls the print head to eject one non-interface layer material to print according to the M non-interface layer structure pixel point data and the one material property data, so as to finally form the non-interface layer. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the non-interface layer includes a plurality of non-interface layers, wherein one non-interface layer is printed using one non-interface layer material, and a plurality of non-interface layers may be printed using one non-interface layer material or a plurality of non-interface layer materials.
Further, the layer printing result is printed by using a molding material, specifically, the layer printing result is printed by using a molding material based on layer molding data, the layer molding data includes layer molding structure data and layer molding non-structure data, preferably, the layer molding structure data corresponds to data of spatial coordinates, the layer molding non-structure data corresponds to type data of a molding material, for example, if the molding material is a material with different colors, the layer molding non-structure data is color value data, and if the molding material is a material with different properties, the layer molding non-structure data is material property data. Further, the layer forming data is associated with a plurality of pixel points, for example, the layer forming structure data includes Q structural pixel point data, the layer forming non-structure data includes P color value data, and the driving controller controls the printing head to eject the forming material for printing according to the Q structural pixel point data and the P color value data, so as to finally form a layer printing result.
Furthermore, the physical properties of the interface layer material and the molding material which are mutually contacted are different, and the physical properties of the interface layer material are different from those of the non-interface layer material, so that the effects of improving the stripping speed, protecting the environment and reducing the stripping condition can be achieved by adjusting the type of the interface layer material, and the beneficial effects of improving the supporting effect, improving the dimensional accuracy of the 3D object and the like can be achieved by adjusting the type of the non-interface layer material. For example, the interface layer material is selected from water-soluble materials, and the non-interface layer material is selected from materials which are not water-soluble and have sufficient supporting strength, so that the using amount of the water-soluble materials can be greatly reduced, the peeling requirement can be met, and the using amount of water can be reduced. For example, the interface layer material may be selected to be soluble in a solvent, and the amount of the solvent used may be reduced by the same principle. More specifically, the interface layer material and the molding material which are in contact with each other are printed with the interface layer and the layer printing result which are in contact with each other, but the interface layer and the layer printing result which are in contact with each other are not necessarily in a one-to-one correspondence relationship, for example, one interface layer may be in contact with only one layer printing result, and then one interface layer material and one molding material are in contact with each other; for another example, if an interface layer contacts two layers of print, one of the interface layer materials and two of the modeling materials contact each other, and one of the interface layer materials and two of the modeling materials have different physical properties; for example, if two interface layers contact one layer of printing result, two interface layer materials and one molding material contact each other, and the physical properties of the two interface layer materials and the one molding material are different, so that those skilled in the art can change the situation more on the basis, which is not described herein again.
In a preferred implementation, the interface layer material and the non-interface layer material use materials with different mechanical properties, and the interface layer material and the molding material which are in contact with each other use materials with different mechanical properties. The mechanical property may be strength or hardness, etc. For example, the interface layer material is selected from a low-strength material, the non-interface layer material is selected from a high-strength material, and the interface layer material satisfies a strength lower than that of a molding material in contact with the interface layer, so that the non-interface layer can provide sufficient support strength to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the 3D object, and the interface layer can be peeled off with only a small mechanical peeling force, and then the non-interface layer is naturally separated from the layer printing result. For another example, if the interface layer material is a material having a low hardness, the non-interface layer material is a material having a high hardness, and the interface layer material has a hardness lower than that of a molding material in contact with the interface layer, the non-interface layer ensures that the layer support result has a sufficient hardness not to be deformed, and the interface layer ensures that the layer support result is easily peelable.
Further, for more clear description of the technical solution of the present invention, the 3D object may be divided into a solid structure and a support structure, the solid structure is composed of a plurality of layers of printing products, the support structure is composed of a plurality of layers of support products, at least a part of the support structure includes at least two regions, wherein a region contacting with the solid structure is defined as a first region, a region away from the solid structure and not contacting with the solid structure is defined as a second region, and accordingly, the first region is composed of a plurality of interface layers, the second region is composed of a plurality of non-interface layers, preferably, a plurality of the interface layers are continuously distributed to jointly constitute the first region, and a plurality of the non-interface layers are continuously distributed to jointly constitute the second region. Specifically, the solid structure is printed by using a molding material, the support structure is printed by using a support material, the support material used for printing the first region and the support material used for printing the second region are made of different materials, that is, the first region is printed by using an interface layer material, and the second region is printed by using a non-interface layer material. More specifically, the support material used for printing the first region may have a plurality of different combinations compared to the molding material used for printing the solid structure in contact with the first region, and the selection of the material of different color or the material of different property or the combination of the material of different color and the material of different property is not limited as long as it satisfies the requirement that the mechanical property of the support material used for printing the first region is different from the mechanical property of the molding material used for printing the solid structure in contact with the first region, and the support structure can be separated from the solid structure without damaging the solid structure. The mechanical property may be at least one of strength, stiffness, or other property of the support structure that is easily separable from the solid structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the following conditions are satisfied between the support material used for printing the first area and the support material used for printing the second area, and between the support material used for printing the first area and the molding material used for printing the solid structure in contact with the first area: the mechanical performance of the supporting material used for printing the second area is higher than that of the supporting material used for printing the first area, the mechanical performance of the supporting material used for printing the first area is lower than that of the forming material used for printing the solid structure in contact with the first area, and the using amount of the supporting material used for printing the first area is smaller than that of the supporting material used for printing the second area. As understood by those skilled in the art, since the second region mainly functions to provide support for the 3D object with the suspended structure during the printing process and ensure the printing precision of the 3D object, and the first region mainly functions to not affect the forming precision of the 3D object during the 3D object manufacturing process and to facilitate the easy separation of the entire support structure from the solid structure after the 3D object is manufactured and not affect the precision of the 3D object, the difference in strength and/or hardness between the support material used for specifically printing the second region and the support material used for printing the first region and the usage amount of the support material used for printing the first region are not limited as long as the support structure composed of the first region and the second region can effectively support the 3D object during the 3D object manufacturing process and the printing and forming precision of the 3D object cannot be affected by adverse factors such as deformation or fracture of the support structure, the requirement that the supporting structure can be completely separated from the solid structure after the 3D object is manufactured is met, and the precision of the 3D object is not damaged.
Furthermore, the supporting material used for printing the first area and the supporting material used for printing the second area are respectively the supporting material of a single type, so that the mixing of different materials in the same area is reduced, the condition that the material distribution is uneven between different parts in the same area is avoided, the phenomenon that the surface of the layer is uneven due to uneven layer curing speed is avoided, and the program design for controlling the printing of each layer is simple.
As some changes, the support structure region may be further divided into three regions, four regions, and the like according to the different types of support materials, and the present invention is not limited as long as it satisfies that the support structure can effectively support the 3D object in the process of manufacturing the 3D object, the printing and forming precision of the 3D object is not affected by adverse factors such as deformation or fragmentation of the support structure, and the support structure can be completely separated from the solid structure after the 3D object is manufactured, and the precision of the 3D object is not damaged, which is not described herein again.
In a first embodiment, fig. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating a 3D object with a suspension structure, the 3D object is composed of two parts, i.e., a solid structure a and a solid structure b, wherein the solid structure a spans the solid structure b to form the suspension structures 2 and 2', so that during layer-by-layer printing along the arrow direction in the figure, i.e., Z direction, a support structure is required to be printed at the same time to provide support for the next printing of the solid structure a, the support structure is composed of the layer support results, and the solid structure a and the solid structure b are composed of the layer printing results.
Further, in the first embodiment, the printing in the Z direction is completed to finally form the schematic diagram of the 3D object including the layer supporting result shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the whole supporting structure is divided into two areas, the first area is the area in contact with the solid structures a and b, i.e. the areas 3 and 3 ', and the second area is the area far away from the solid structures a and b, i.e. the areas 4 and 4'. Specifically, the first regions 3 and 3 'are composed of the interface layer, and the second regions 4 and 4' are composed of the non-interface layer. More specifically, as can be seen in fig. 3, if each of the layer support results is analyzed in the X direction, each of the layer support results may be composed of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, or may be composed of only the interface layer, but each of the layer support results may not be composed of only the non-interface layer.
Further, in the first embodiment, the printing entity structures a and b are printed by using a molding material selected from color light curable resin materials, the support structure is printed by using a support material, and the first printing areas 3 and 3 'and the second printing areas 4 and 4' are printed by using different support materials, in this embodiment, different light curable resin materials such as light curable resin materials with different mechanical strengths can be selected. Preferably, the strength of the support material used for printing the first areas 3 and 3 ' is less than the strength of the support material used for printing the second areas 4 and 4 ', while the strength of the molding material used for printing the solid structures a and b is greater than the strength of the support material used for printing the first areas 3 and 3 '.
Further, in the first embodiment, the first regions 3 and 3 'may be composed of a plurality of interface layers, and specifically, the total amount of the supporting material used for printing the first regions 3 and 3' is determined by the positional relationship of the first regions and the solid structure that need to be in contact with each other. Specifically, a coordinate system is established in the horizontal direction (X direction in fig. 3) and the vertical direction (Z direction in fig. 2), and if the first area and the solid structure are in contact with each other in the horizontal direction, the total amount of the supporting material used for printing the first areas 3 and 3' is determined according to the distance that the first area extends to the solid structure in the vertical direction, for example, the ink droplets may be taken as a unit, and the distance that the first area extends to the solid structure in the vertical direction is 10 ink droplets; likewise, if the first areas and the solid structure are in contact with each other in the vertical direction, the total amount of support material used for printing the first areas 3 and 3' is determined according to the distance that the first areas extend to the solid structure in the horizontal direction, for example, the ink droplets may be taken as a unit, and the distance that the first areas extend to the solid structure in the horizontal direction is 10 ink droplets. When layer-by-layer printing is started, the drive controller acquires data processed by the processing terminal, and controls the printing head to print a layer-by-layer printing result and a layer supporting result, as shown in fig. 4, an enlarged structure diagram of a certain layer in the 3D object printing process is shown, and in combination with the foregoing description, the first areas 3 and 3 'are interface layers printed by using an interface layer material, the second areas 4 and 4' are non-interface layers printed by using a non-interface layer material, and the solid structure 1 is a layer printing result printed by using a molding material. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the single-layer structure of the 3D object shown in fig. 4 is a typical structure of the present invention, and as a variation, the second regions 4 and 4' are not present in some single-layer structures in the 3D object.
Further, upon execution of step S101, step S102 is executed, and the step S101 is repeated to form a plurality of layer printing results and a plurality of layer supporting results. Specifically, with reference to fig. 2, the layer printing result and the layer supporting result may be printed layer by layer along the Z direction, and then step S103 is performed to superimpose the layer printing results and the layer supporting results on each other to form the 3D object. Those skilled in the art understand that step S103 is a molding step, and the 3D object is finally formed by performing layer-by-layer printing and stacking through the aforementioned steps S101 and S102. More specifically, the stacking process of step S103 is not a last step, but is performed along with the previous step, that is, a layer printing result or a layer supporting result is stacked by step S101, and the stacking process is an accumulation type process, and the stacking direction includes stacking in the extending direction of each layer and stacking in the layering direction of the target object, and the 3D object is finally formed after all stacking is completed. The person skilled in the art understands that the 3D object eventually also needs to have the support structure removed, preferably by means of mechanical force impact, which may be at least one of water jet impact, ultrasonic vibration, manual peeling, for example.
As a second embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 shows a flowchart of another 3D object printing method with a suspended structure, which includes the following steps:
step S201 is first performed to layer the target object and acquire the layer print data based on the structural information and the non-structural information of each layer. Specifically, in combination with the description in the foregoing embodiment, the 3D object is layered to form a plurality of single layers, and the composition manner of the plurality of single layers may also be different for different 3D objects, for example, in all the single layers formed after layering of one 3D object, a part of the single layers is only composed of a layer printing result, and a part of the single layers is composed of a layer printing result and a layer supporting result, at this time, there are a plurality of composition manners of all layer printing data corresponding to the 3D object, one of which is: the partial layer printing data only comprises layer forming data, the partial layer printing data comprises layer forming data and interface layer data, and the partial layer printing data comprises layer forming data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data; the other mode is as follows: part of the layer printing data only comprises layer forming data, and the other layers of the printing data comprise layer forming data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data.
For another example, all single layers formed after layering a 3D object are composed of a layer printing result and a layer supporting result, and at this time, there are various ways of forming all layer printing data corresponding to the 3D object, one way is: the partial layer printing data comprises layer forming data and interface layer data, and the partial layer printing data comprises layer forming data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data; the other mode is as follows: all layer print data includes layer modeling data, interface layer data, and non-interface layer data.
More specifically, the purpose of step S201 is to convert the target object into a data form, wherein the target object can acquire structural information and non-structural information by means of scanning, and then convert the structural information and the non-structural information into a data format, such as STL format, PLY format, WRL format, etc., that can be recognized by the layered slicing software of the processing terminal. The person skilled in the art understands that the structural information and the non-structural information are in units of layers, that is, the target object is scanned and then sliced and layered by layering software, then each sliced layer is analyzed to obtain the structural information and the non-structural information of each layer, and then the structural information and the non-structural information of each layer are converted into the layer printing data.
Further, in the process of parsing each sliced layer, part of the layer structure information may include only layer forming structure information, part of the layer structure information may include layer forming structure information and interface layer structure information, part of the layer structure information may include layer forming structure information, interface layer structure information, and non-interface layer structure information, or all of the layer structure information may include layer forming structure information, interface layer structure information, and non-interface layer structure information, and correspondingly, part of the layer structure data may include only layer forming structure data, part of the layer structure data may include layer forming structure data and interface layer structure data, or part of the layer structure data may include layer forming structure data, interface layer structure data, and non-interface layer structure data, or all of the layer structure data may include layer forming structure data, Interface layer structure data and non-interface layer structure data. Similarly, part of the layer non-structural information may include only layer shaping non-structural information, part of the layer non-structural information may include layer shaping non-structural information and interface layer non-structural information, part of the layer non-structural information may include layer shaping non-structural information, interface layer non-structural information and non-interface layer non-structural information, or all of the layer non-structural information may include layer shaping non-structural information, interface layer non-structural information and non-interface layer non-structural information, and correspondingly, part of the layer non-structural data may include only layer shaping non-structural data, or part of the layer non-structural data may include layer shaping non-structural data and interface layer non-structural data, or part of the layer non-structural data may include layer shaping non-structural data, interface layer non-structural data and non-interface layer non-structural data, or all of the layer non-structural data may include layer shaping non-structural data, interface layer non-structural data, and non-interface layer non-structural data. In particular, the layer shaping non-structural data may comprise layer shaping color data and/or layer shaping material property data, the interface layer non-structural data comprising interface layer color data and/or interface layer material property data, the non-interface layer non-structural data comprising non-interface layer color data and/or non-interface layer material property data.
As a variation, the target object can also be directly drawn by drawing software, such as: CAD, pro, solid work, UG, 3D Max, etc., and those skilled in the art understand that the basic structure model of the target object is drawn through drawing software, and on the basis, color matching or material selection needs to be performed on the drawn basic structure. Taking color matching as an example, there are various common color matching modes, for example, a drawn basic structure model is directly subjected to color matching and then converted into a PLY format; for another example, the basic structure model drawn by the drawing software is converted into an STL format and then color matching is carried out; various changes may be made by those skilled in the art based on the prior art, and will not be described herein.
Further, if part of the layer printing data only includes layer forming data, step S2021 is executed, and the layer printing result is printed based on the layer forming data, and the step S2021 can be implemented by those skilled in the art in combination with the prior art. If part of the layer print data includes layer shaping data and interface layer data, then step S2022 is performed to print a layer print result based on the layer shaping data and print an interface layer based on the interface layer data using an interface layer material; if part or all of the layer printing data includes layer forming data, interface layer data, and non-interface layer data, step S2023 is performed, the layer printing result is printed based on the layer forming data, the interface layer is printed based on the interface layer data using an interface layer material, and the non-interface layer is printed based on the non-interface layer data using a non-interface layer material, where steps S2022 and S2023 may be implemented in combination with step S101, and are not described herein again.
Further, on the basis of step S2021, step S2022, and step S2023, the target object with the support structure is formed by two ways. The first mode is as follows: step S2031 is executed, first, step S201 is repeated to generate a plurality of layers of printing data, then step S2021 and/or step S2022 and/or step S2023 are repeated based on the plurality of layers of printing data to form a plurality of layers of printing results and a plurality of layers of supporting results, and step S2041 is executed, and the plurality of layers of printing results and the plurality of layers of supporting results are mutually overlapped to form the 3D object. The second way is: step S2032 is executed, the step S201 and the step S2021 and/or the step S2022 and/or the step S2023 are repeated for a plurality of times to form a plurality of layer printing results and a plurality of layer supporting results, and step S2042 is executed again, and the plurality of layer printing results and the plurality of layer supporting results are mutually overlapped to form the 3D object.
Further, the implementation process of the present embodiment is described in more detail below. If the layer printing data corresponding to the two adjacent layers only comprises the layer forming data, only repeating the step S2021 to form two layer printing results; if the layer printing data corresponding to the two adjacent layers comprise layer forming data and interface layer data, only repeating the step S2022 to form two layer printing results and two interface layers; if the layer printing data corresponding to the two adjacent layers comprises layer forming data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data, repeating the step S2023 to form two layer printing results, two interface layers and two non-interface layers; if one layer of print data includes only layer forming data and the other layer of print data includes layer forming data and interface layer data among the layer print data corresponding to the adjacent two layers, executing step S2021 to form one layer of print result, and executing step S2022 to form the other layer of print result and one interface layer; if one layer of printing data comprises only layer forming data and the other layer of printing data comprises layer forming data, interface layer data and non-interface layer data in the layer printing data corresponding to the two adjacent layers, executing the step S2021 to form one layer of printing result, and executing the step S2023 to form the other layer of printing result, one interface layer and one non-interface layer; if one of the layer print data includes layer formation data and interface layer data and the other layer print data includes layer formation data, interface layer data, and non-interface layer data, among the layer print data corresponding to the adjacent two layers, step S2022 is performed to form one layer print result and one interface layer, and step S2023 is performed to form the other layer print result and the other interface layer and one non-interface layer. The person skilled in the art understands that the support structure thus formed is composed of a plurality of layer support results, while each of said layer support results may be composed of only interface layers or of interface layers and non-interface layers, whereas there may be parts of the different layers of said 3D object that are composed of only layer prints, or parts of layers that are composed of layer prints and interface layers, or parts of layers that are composed of layer prints, interface layers and non-interface layers, as will be better understood by the person skilled in the art in connection with fig. 2 to 4.
Further, the first manner and the second manner are different in that: the first mode is as follows: firstly, layering software finishes layering the whole target object and acquires a plurality of layers of printing data corresponding to all the layers, then a driving controller controls a printing head to print layer by layer according to the plurality of layers of printing data, and the second mode is as follows: the method comprises the steps that firstly, layering software separates one layer from a target object and obtains layer printing data of the corresponding layer, then printing of the corresponding layer is completed based on the layer printing data of the corresponding layer, in the printing process, the layering software separates the next layer from the target object and obtains layer printing data of the next layer, then printing of the next layer is completed based on the layer printing data of the next layer, and the operation is repeated repeatedly in this way until the target object is printed completely. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above two ways can be used to achieve the objectives of the present invention.
Further, the skilled person understands that in this embodiment the 3D object finally also needs to be free of support structure, preferably by means of mechanical force impact, which may be at least one of water jet, ultrasonic vibration, manual peeling, for example.
As another embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of a printing apparatus for manufacturing a 3D object with a suspended structure according to the present invention, which mainly include:
and the processing terminal 5 is configured to layer the target object, and convert the target object into the layer printing data corresponding to each layer based on the structural information and the non-structural information of each layer, and as can be known from the foregoing description about the printing method, the target object 1 may be a color object or an object composed of materials with different properties, and the layer printing data may include only layer forming data, layer forming data and interface layer data, or layer forming data, interface layer data, and non-interface layer data. Specifically, if the target object 1 is divided into a solid structure and a support structure, and the support structure is divided into two regions, one region corresponds to data that is interface layer data, and the other region corresponds to data that is non-interface layer data, as some variations, the support structure may be further divided into more regions, and accordingly, the interface layer data and the non-interface layer data may be further subdivided into a plurality of data. More specifically, taking the example of dividing the support structure into two regions, one region corresponds to interface layer data, which includes interface layer structure data corresponding to structure coordinate data and interface layer non-structure data corresponding to single support material property data (such as a colored object or an object of a certain property); the other region corresponds to non-interface layer data comprising non-interface layer structure data corresponding to structure coordinate data and non-interface layer non-structure data corresponding to another single support material property data (e.g., a colored object or a property object). As a variation, in the present invention, the processing terminal 5 divides the data corresponding to the support structure into at least two types, the first type is interface layer data indicating that the support structure is in contact with the solid structure, the second type is non-interface layer data indicating that the support structure is away from the solid structure, and the interface layer data and the non-interface layer data respectively include two different types of support material property data.
The spraying device 8 is provided with a molding material outlet and at least two supporting material outlets, and different types of supporting materials are sprayed out through the different supporting material outlets; in this embodiment, the spraying device may be an inkjet printing head, the inkjet printing head is provided with a molding material channel and at least two support material channels, each channel is provided with a plurality of spraying holes, and the molding material and the different types of support materials are sprayed out through the spraying holes on the respective channels.
A drive controller 6 that controls the spray coating device 8 to perform a printing action based on the layer printing data.
Further, the implementation of the processing terminal and the drive controller functions may be hardware, software executed by a processor, or a combination of both. Specifically, if the implementation is realized by a software module, a pre-program can be burned into the processor, or the software can be installed into a preset system; if the hardware is realized, the corresponding functions can be realized fixedly by using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Further, the software modules may be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, a hard disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. By coupling the storage medium to a processor, the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor, or both the processor and the storage medium may reside on an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
Further, the hardware may be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or a combination of the above, that is capable of performing the specified functions. As a variation, the implementation may also be through a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP communications network, or the like.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the printing apparatus specifically includes: the target object 1, the processing terminal 5, the driving controller 6, the material container 7 including the molding material containers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, the interface layer material container 7e and the non-interface layer material container 7f, the spray coating device 8 (i.e., the print head) including a plurality of print head channels 8a to 8f each connected to one of the material containers, a guide rail 9, a support platform 10, a lift table 11, LED lamps 12a and 12b and leveling devices 13a and 13b, etc., wherein the print head 8, the LED lamps 12a and 12b and the leveling devices 13a and 13b are mounted on the guide rail 9, and the specific structure of the leveling device in the present invention is not limited, and may be a leveling bar, a milling cutter, etc., as long as it can level the surface of each layer.
Further, the number of molding material containers is not limited, and is specifically determined according to the type of the molding material required by the target object 1 to be printed. The printing device also comprises an interface layer material container 7e and a non-interface layer material container 7f, wherein materials with different mechanical properties are stored in the interface layer material container 7e and the non-interface layer material container 7f, two printing head channels 8e and 8f in the printing device are correspondingly connected with the interface layer material container 7e and the non-interface layer material container 7f, and the two printing head channels 8e and 8f print the interface layer material and the non-interface layer material respectively.
Further, in connection with the above description of the specific embodiment of the printing method, the molding material containers 7a to 7d store the magenta photocurable material, the cyan photocurable material, the yellow photocurable material and the white photocurable material, respectively, the interface layer material container 7e stores the photocurable support material for printing the first region, the non-interface layer material container 7f stores the photocurable support material for printing the second region, the print head channels 8a to 8f are connected to the material containers 7a to 7f in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the processing terminal 5 performs layering on the target object 1 to be printed in the manner of step S201 to obtain the layer print data of the target object 1, the driving controller 6 obtains the layer print data processed by the processing terminal 5 to control the print head 8 to perform layer-by-layer printing, and two leveling rods or milling cutters 13a and 13b are installed on both sides of the coating device 8 (print head), The printing head, the LED lamps and the (leveling rods or milling cutters) are all arranged on the guide rail 6, in the process of ink jet printing layer by the spraying device 8 (printing head), the leveling rods or milling cutters 13a and 13b can work simultaneously or alternatively, the surface of each layer is leveled for the final purpose, the LED lamps 12a and 12b can work simultaneously or alternatively, the material of each layer is solidified to form a layer of a 3D object for the final purpose, and multiple layers can be printed for leveling one layer or printed for primary solidification in practical application; the lifting platform 11 descends a certain height after printing one layer of printing result or printing a plurality of layers of printing results, then printing of the other layers of printing results is continuously completed, finally, the 3D object is formed on the supporting platform 10, the formed 3D object is moved away from the supporting platform, the supporting structure on the 3D object is peeled off in a manual peeling mode, and finally, the 3D object with the suspension structure is obtained.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A printing method of a 3D object with a suspended structure prints the 3D object in a mode that a plurality of layers support results and a plurality of layers print results are mutually overlapped, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a1. layering a target object and acquiring layer printing data of each layer, wherein the layer printing data at least comprises layer forming data, and the layer forming data is used for printing the layer printing result; wherein the layer print data further comprises interface layer data; or the layer printing data further comprises interface layer data and non-interface layer data; the layer forming data comprises layer forming structure data and layer forming non-structure data, the interface layer data comprises interface layer structure data and interface layer non-structure data, and the non-interface layer data comprises non-interface layer structure data and non-interface layer non-structure data; and the layer formation non-structural data comprises layer formation color data and/or layer formation material property data, the interface layer non-structural data comprises interface layer color data and/or interface layer material property data, and the non-interface layer non-structural data comprises non-interface layer color data and/or non-interface layer material property data;
a. printing an interface layer using an interface layer material based on interface layer data and a non-interface layer using a non-interface layer material based on non-interface layer data, at least a portion of the layer support effort being made up of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, the interface layer isolating the non-interface layer from the layer print effort; wherein the plurality of interface layers isolate the layer printing result from the plurality of non-interface layers, the plurality of interface layers are continuously distributed, and the plurality of non-interface layers are also continuously distributed;
wherein the layer printing result is printed by using a molding material, and the physical properties of the interface layer material and the molding material which are in contact with each other are different, and the physical properties of the interface layer material are different from those of the non-interface layer material; the interface layer material is a water-soluble material or a material capable of being dissolved in a solvent, and the non-interface layer material is a water-insoluble material or a material incapable of being dissolved in a solvent; wherein the molding material, the interface layer material and the non-interface layer material are all light-cured materials;
b. and c, repeating the step a to form a plurality of layer supporting results and a plurality of layer printing results, wherein the plurality of layer printing results and the plurality of layer supporting results are mutually overlapped to form the 3D object.
2. The printing method of claim 1, wherein a total amount of the interface layer material is less than a total amount of the non-interface layer material in the 3D object.
3. The printing method of claim 1, wherein in the layer support result comprised of the interface layer and the non-interface layer, a total amount of the interface layer material is less than a total amount of the non-interface layer material.
4. The printing method of claim 3, wherein a plurality of said interface layers are printed using one of said interface layer materials and a plurality of said non-interface layers are printed using one of said non-interface layer materials.
5. The printing method of claim 3, wherein a plurality of said interface layers are printed using a plurality of said interface layer materials and a plurality of said non-interface layers are printed using a plurality of said non-interface layer materials.
6. The printing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the physical properties of the interface layer material and the modeling material in contact with each other and the physical properties of the non-interface layer material are mechanical properties.
7. The printing method of claim 6, wherein the mechanical property is strength or hardness.
8. The printing method of claim 7, wherein the interface layer material in contact with each other has mechanical properties less than the mechanical properties of the modeling material.
9. The printing method of claim 7, wherein the interface layer material has mechanical properties less than the mechanical properties of the non-interface layer material.
10. A printing method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the layer support work is removed by means of mechanical force impact.
11. Printing method according to claim 10, wherein the mechanical force impact is by water jet impact or ultrasonic vibration or by manual peeling.
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| CN110696351A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-17 | 三纬国际立体列印科技股份有限公司 | Ink jet position adjusting method and three-dimensional printing apparatus |
| CN111169017B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-11-26 | 南京师范大学 | Continuous-to-separate feeding and discharging system for photocuring 3D printing |
| WO2021103502A1 (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-06-03 | 深圳摩方新材科技有限公司 | Multi-channel 3d printing method and 3d printing system |
| CN113021561B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-05-31 | 上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司 | 3D printing concrete printing support device and printing support method |
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