CN107783087B - Self-correcting method for near-field channel calibration link of spherical phased array antenna - Google Patents
Self-correcting method for near-field channel calibration link of spherical phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-correcting method for a spherical phased array antenna near-field channel calibration link, and aims to provide a self-correcting method which is low in hardware resource consumption and capable of automatically operating the calibration link. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: before calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristics of all channels of the array antenna, selecting a fixed antenna array element for calibration according to the concentrated characteristics of calibration antennas at the top of the spherical array antenna, calibrating the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of calibration links at the top of the antenna, and calibrating the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels by using the same antenna channel on the spherical array antenna by using the calibration antennas at the top of the antenna corresponding to calibration rods distributed around respectively; then, a self-correction mode of differential transmission is adopted from the top of the antenna to all directions, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the two beacon links are obtained; and then, carrying out amplitude/phase correction in a reverse direction by utilizing an antenna array element channel fixed on the spherical array antenna to obtain the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-correcting method of a channel calibration link of a measurement and control system in the field of aerospace measurement and control, in particular to a self-correcting method of a near-field channel calibration link of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.
Background
Phased array antennas have evolved from array antennas, also known as Electronically Scanned Array (ESA) antennas, which rely primarily on phase changes to effect movement or scanning of the antenna beam pointing in space. The antenna array is an antenna array formed by a plurality of unit channels, and is a multi-channel system comprising a large number of antenna units, wherein each channel comprises a plurality of microwave devices, such as a radiation antenna unit, a phase shifter, an electrically-tuned attenuator, a power amplifier, a frequency converter, a low-noise amplifier, a filter, an amplitude limiter and the like. In the use process of the microwave devices, the stable and unchanged amplitude and phase between channels are difficult to ensure, and some microwave devices even have failure. Because the amplitude and phase change of the channel can seriously affect the low sidelobe characteristic of the phased array, the phased array can not work normally even in serious conditions. Therefore, the amplitude and phase changes of each channel of the phased array antenna must be regularly monitored and calibrated during the service period of the phased array antenna. Since a network phase shifter is included for each signal path, complex switching network coordination is required to accomplish the calibration. When the distance between the phased array antenna units is not large enough, the coupling between the antenna array elements is strong, and if proper compensation is not performed, the antenna gain is reduced, and the sidelobe level is raised. Moreover, the pattern of the antenna elements in the array is severely distorted compared to the isolated case, and particularly the pattern of the antenna elements at the edge of the array changes dramatically. The phased array antenna test comprises the tests of two aspects of antenna radiation characteristics and circuit characteristics, and from the test items, the test items mainly comprise a directional diagram and gain. Specifically, the coincidence of the directional characteristics is detected, and the aim is to enable the optical axis, the electric axis and the mechanical axis to be overlapped through calibration. Since the antenna radiation field area can be divided into a reactance near field, a radiation near field and a radiation far field, there are measurement techniques corresponding to these three areas, for example, in the near field measurement, there are planar near field scanning, cylindrical near field scanning and spherical near field scanning, and in the far field measurement, there are mainly concentrated on the elevated field method, the oblique moment field method, the reflection field method, and so on. The channel amplitude and phase monitoring method of the phased array antenna can be divided into an internal monitoring method and an external monitoring method. Each category can be divided into a plurality of categories according to the specific design method and the application condition of the monitoring link. The "internal monitoring" method is to realize monitoring by using additional equipment in the antenna system, and the method is to arrange a switch matrix, a traveling wave feed network (BITE coupling system) and the like in the antenna system. The basic principle is that the amplitude and phase values of the total output port of the antenna are respectively measured at a plurality of preset angles, the amplitude and phase values of the antenna aperture distribution are obtained through matrix inversion operation, a plurality of auxiliary units are arranged at the periphery of the antenna array or at different positions in the array, and calibration is carried out through mutual coupling between the test auxiliary units and the array units. Each monitoring method has advantages, disadvantages and applicable conditions, the internal monitoring technology is mature, the performance is stable, the equipment quantity is large, and the antenna units and the mutual coupling influence thereof cannot be calibrated; the far-field external monitoring method has relatively small equipment quantity, can calibrate the antenna units and the mutual coupling influence, but is difficult to apply in the actual environment and is greatly influenced by environmental multipath; the near-field internal monitoring method is a monitoring method which is researched more in recent years and has some advantages of external monitoring and internal monitoring, but the method is applicable on the premise that each channel in a phased array can independently receive and transmit, namely when one channel transmits, the adjacent channel can independently receive. At present, a great number of phased arrays adopt microwave weighting networks to synthesize beams, and each channel of the phased arrays cannot be independently transmitted and received, so that the use of an MCM near field internal monitoring method is limited.
With the development of digital signal processing devices and Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) technology, word multi-beam antennas are increasingly widely applied in the fields of space time measurement and control, satellite navigation and the like with unique advantages. The multi-beam antenna technology is a key technology for improving the communication capacity and the coverage performance of the satellite. The digital multi-beam antenna is a product of combining an array antenna technology and a digital signal processing technology, and has the advantages of beam scanning and scanning of the array antenna and high-precision and flexible processing of digital signals. The beam forming and the modulation and demodulation processing of the digital multi-beam antenna are realized in a digital domain, a plurality of beams can be generated simultaneously, the working principle and the working mode have obvious difference compared with the traditional antenna, and new requirements are provided for the test method. The digital multi-beam antenna is mainly composed of 2 parts of a receiving antenna unit, a receiving channel comprising a low noise amplifier and a down converter, an A/D converter and transmitting and receiving. Before the antenna near field test, amplitude and phase errors need to be considered, calibration of the receiving and transmitting channels is realized according to weighting requirements, and during transmitting channel calibration, because a transmitting channel signal is strong, interference phenomenon exists between the channels, and single-channel calibration can only be carried out. According to the principle and the use requirement of the digital multi-beam antenna, the high-precision measurement of the geometric relation between the antenna and the beacon is complex, and the influence of multipath effect and external interference exists in an open field, so that the precision of far-field calibration is difficult to improve. The near field calibration method is to set up a beacon in the near field area of the array antenna and place the beacon at the front end of the unit antenna in a time-sharing mode to feed people or collect signals. Because the radiation characteristics of the unit antennas in the action space domain are not equal in gain, quantization errors and calibration errors exist in the beam forming process, and the quantization errors and the calibration errors affect the pointing and level accuracy of beams with different scanning angles.
Phased array antennas come in many forms, such as linear, planar, circular, cylindrical, spherical, and conformal arrays that conform to more complex surfaces. The traditional antenna array is generally spherical, and the electric axis of the antenna feed element mounted on the traditional antenna array points to the spherical center of the spherical antenna array. During testing, the antenna phase center of the tested device is required to coincide with the sphere center so as to ensure the simulation precision of the signal position of the radio frequency radiation source and accurately control the amplitude of the signal power. Due to the inconsistency of the clocks of the transmitting end and the receiving end, code offset and frequency offset can be caused by the inconsistency of the receiving and transmitting clocks, and therefore channel-by-channel related calibration of the array antenna under low signal-to-noise ratio is difficult. When a radio frequency simulation system needs to undertake the test tasks of various equipment, the phase center of each antenna to be tested is adjusted to be coincident with the sphere center of the array antenna, which is difficult to realize, namely, the accuracy index of the system is reduced, the amplitude of accuracy reduction cannot be tolerated under most conditions, and certain technical measures must be taken. The channel consistency calibration in the design of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is a key technology, has great influence on beam gain, beam pointing, side lobes and the like, and even can not normally form beams in serious conditions, so the channel consistency calibration must be carried out on the array antenna. The near-field channel correction method of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna is characterized in that 6 calibration frames are uniformly erected on the periphery of the spherical phased array antenna. Each calibration frame is distributed with 4 calibration antennas; a calibration frame is erected at the center of the phased array antenna, 6 calibration antennas are uniformly distributed, and each calibration antenna on the calibration frame meets the far field distance condition relative to the calibrated antenna array element. The calibration antennas can realize full coverage of the array surface unit and are responsible for calibrating the amplitude and phase of all unit channels of the array surface. Because the channel calibration equipment is the equipment which must be used by the digital beam system, before calibrating the spherical array antenna channel, the 30-way calibration link must be corrected so as to ensure that the amplitude and phase errors of the calibration link are not introduced. The traditional calibration method usually adopts a manual mode to perform self-calibration on the 30 road calibration links, namely, a test instrument is used for calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristic of each calibration link in a microwave darkroom, and finally, the calibrated amplitude/phase characteristic data of each calibration link is loaded into a channel calibration system for use. The manual calibration mode relates to the disassembly and assembly of calibration links in each operation, the calibration links cannot be self-calibrated under the condition of keeping the equipment state, the error codes are calibrated in real time and calibrated automatically, an independent test platform needs to be set up during each calibration, and the operation and the use are very inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the design of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna, and provides a method which has the advantages of strong operability, few calibration sources, short distance from the calibration source to the antenna array, simplicity, reliability, low hardware resource consumption and capability of automatically performing self-correction on a near-field channel calibration link.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a self-correcting method for a near-field calibration link of a spherical phased array antenna channel is characterized by comprising the following steps: before calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristics of all channels of the spherical phased array antenna, calibrating the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of a calibration link at the top of the antenna according to antenna array elements selected according to the characteristics concentrated by calibration antenna comparison at the top of the spherical array antenna, and calibrating the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels by using the same antenna channel on the spherical array antenna and corresponding to calibration rods distributed around the spherical array antenna respectively by using the calibration antenna at the top of the antenna; then, relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the two beacon links are obtained by adopting a self-correction mode of differential transmission from the top of the spherical array antenna to all directions, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link on each marker post distributed around the spherical array antenna are calibrated; secondly, reversely performing amplitude/phase correction on the near-field channel calibration link by utilizing a plurality of antenna array element channels fixed on the spherical array antenna to obtain the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link; after all channels of the spherical phased array antenna are calibrated, the relative amplitude/phase value of the corresponding calibration link is subtracted from the calibrated amplitude/phase value, and self-calibration of the whole calibration link is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the operability is strong. According to the characteristic that the calibration antenna at the top of the spherical array antenna is concentrated, the amplitude/phase characteristics of 24 calibration links on six rods distributed around the spherical array antenna are calibrated by utilizing a certain selected antenna array element at the top of the spherical array antenna from the top of the spherical array antenna to six directions in a differential transmission mode, the original channel calibration link of the spherical phased array antenna and the certain antenna array element at the top of the spherical array antenna are ingeniously utilized, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link at the top of the spherical array antenna are calibrated, so that the operability is improved by the automatic self-calibration mode of the calibration links based on the differential transmission. The relative amplitude/phase characteristics of all 30 near-field calibration links can be calibrated only by four times of differential transmission, and the self-correction problem of the calibration links in the near-field channel correction problem of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array system is solved. And the operation is simple, convenient and quick, and the automatic design is convenient. The self-correction of the calibration link can be completed by depending on the existing equipment of the system under the condition of keeping the original state of the system, and the manual operation of the calibration link is not needed, so that the automatic design is convenient.
The calibration source is few, and the distance from the calibration source to the antenna array is short. According to the invention, the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of a calibration link at the top of the antenna are calibrated according to antenna array elements selected according to the characteristics concentrated by calibration antennas at the top of the spherical array antenna, calibration antennas at the top of the antenna are used for respectively corresponding to calibration rods distributed around the spherical array antenna, and the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels is calibrated by adopting the same antenna channel on the spherical array antenna; firstly, calibrating the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of six calibration links at the top of the antenna, then calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristics of 24 calibration links on six rods distributed around the spherical array antenna by using the six calibration antennas at the top, wherein the calibration sources are few, the distance from the calibration sources to the antenna array is short, and the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array can be accurately estimated even when the spherical array antenna works and other unknown signals exist.
The realization is simple, and the consumption of hardware resources is small. The invention adopts six calibration rods which are respectively distributed around the spherical array antenna, adopts a differential transmission mode to calibrate the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of four calibration links on each calibration rod, calibrates the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels on the same antenna channel of the spherical array antenna, can obtain the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the two beacon links by adopting a transmission mode, and finally completes the self-calibration of the whole 30 calibration links. When the differential transmission self-correction is carried out, four-stage differential independent processing in six directions is adopted, and six paths of differential transmission self-correction can be processed in parallel in the implementation process, so that a large amount of time can be saved.
The invention does not require complex equipment. The invention keeps the equipment state of the original system, utilizes the original channel calibration equipment of the spherical array antenna, does not need to manually operate a calibration link, does not increase additional hardware, completes the self-calibration of the near-field calibration link, does not need to additionally increase the equipment quantity and use additional hardware, and saves the hardware resource and the hardware cost of the channel calibration equipment which is necessary to be used by the digital beam system.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the amplitude/phase of the channels of a digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the self-calibration and transmission directions of six calibration links at the top of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the self-calibration differential transmission principle of the calibration link of the digital multi-beam spherical phased array antenna.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. According to the invention, before calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristics of all channels of the spherical phased array antenna, calibrating the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of a calibration link at the top of the antenna according to antenna array elements selected according to the characteristics concentrated by calibration antenna comparison at the top of the spherical array antenna, and calibrating the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels by using the same antenna channel on the spherical array antenna by using the calibration antenna at the top of the antenna and corresponding to calibration rods distributed around the spherical array antenna respectively; then, relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the two beacon links are obtained by adopting a self-correction mode of differential transmission from the top of the spherical array antenna to all directions, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link on each marker post distributed around the spherical array antenna are calibrated; secondly, reversely performing amplitude/phase correction on the near-field channel calibration link by utilizing a plurality of antenna array element channels fixed on the spherical array antenna to obtain the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link; after finishing calibrating all channels of the spherical phased array antenna, subtracting the relative amplitude/phase value of the corresponding calibration link from the calibrated amplitude/phase value, and finishing self-calibration of the whole calibration link.
See fig. 2. In the embodiments described below, the top six calibration antennas form a circular array centered on the selected antenna element a, and twenty-four calibration antennas on the six calibration rods around the antennas radiate along the self-calibrated differential transmission direction. And calculating the spatial distances from the six calibration antennas at the top of the spherical array antenna to the antenna array element A by using the antenna array element A selected from the top of the spherical antenna according to the mounting position of the calibration antenna and the known position of the antenna array element A selected from the spherical array antenna, further calculating the spatial signal loss and the spatial phase delay at the calibration frequency point, and calibrating the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the six calibration links at the top of the antenna. And the four calibration antennas on each marker post around the antenna perform self-calibration of the calibration link according to a differential transmission mode.
According to the amplitude/phase characteristics of six calibration links at the top of the spherical array calibrated by the calibrated antenna array element A, subtracting the amplitude/phase difference caused by the space distance from each calibration antenna to the calibrated antenna array element A to obtain six groups of amplitude/phase characteristic values: (P)11,θ11）、（P21,θ21）、（P31,θ31）（P41,θ41）、（P51,θ51）、（P61,θ61). Wherein P isi1，θi1I =1 … 6, which is the relative amplitude/phase characteristic of the ith calibration link itself at the top of the spherical array antenna.
After the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the six calibration links at the top of the antenna are calibrated, the remaining 24 calibration links on the six calibration rods around the spherical phased array antenna are subjected to self-calibration of the calibration links by adopting a differential transmission calibration mode in six differential transmission directions as shown in fig. 2.
See fig. 3. The antenna array elements A, B, C, D, E are distributed according to the hemisphere of the spherical phased array antenna, the calibration antennas of the calibration links of every two adjacent antenna array elements are respectively numbered from 1# -5#, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of 24 calibration links on six poles distributed around the spherical phased array antenna are calibrated by utilizing a correction mode of differential transmission.
Selecting an antenna array element B on the spherical array antenna between the 1# calibration link and the 2# calibration link, and using the antenna array element B to mark the amplitude difference delta P of the 2# calibration link relative to the 1# calibration link21Phase difference Delta theta21The relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the 2# calibration link are: (P)12,θ12）=（P11+ΔP21,θ11+Δθ21），P12，θ12For the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the 2# calibration link, in the same way, the differential transmission is sequentially performed on the calibration antennas of the antenna array element calibration link, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of all calibration links in fig. 3 can be obtained: (P)1j,θ1j），P1jCalibrating the relative amplitude characteristic, θ, of the link for j #1jThe relative phase characteristics of the link are calibrated for j #. The same treatment is carried out on the other 5 transmission directions, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics (P) of 30 calibration links can be finally obtainedij,θij），i=1,2,3,4,5,6；j=1,2,3,4,5。
Claims (10)
1. A self-correcting method for a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link is characterized by comprising the following steps: before calibrating the amplitude/phase characteristics of all channels of the spherical phased array antenna, selecting a fixed antenna array element for calibration according to the characteristics concentrated by calibration antenna comparison at the top of the spherical array antenna, calibrating the relative amplitude and phase characteristics of a calibration link at the top of the antenna, and calibrating the amplitude/phase difference of two adjacent calibration antenna channels by using the calibration antenna at the top of the antenna and corresponding to calibration rods distributed around the spherical array antenna respectively by adopting the same antenna channel on the spherical array antenna; then, relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the two beacon links are obtained by adopting a self-correction mode of differential transmission from the top of the spherical array antenna to all directions, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link on each marker post distributed around the spherical array antenna are calibrated; secondly, reversely performing amplitude/phase correction on the near-field channel calibration link by utilizing a plurality of antenna array element channels fixed on the spherical array antenna to obtain the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of each calibration link; after all channels of the spherical phased array antenna are calibrated, the relative amplitude/phase value of the corresponding calibration link is subtracted from the calibrated amplitude/phase value, and self-calibration of the whole calibration link is completed.
2. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the six calibration links at the top of the antenna are calibrated by using the antenna array element A selected at the top of the spherical antenna, differential transmission radiation is carried out according to the directions of six rods distributed around the six calibration antennas at the top of the array antenna, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the calibration antennas on the six rods distributed around the antenna are self-calibrated by using a differential transmission calibration mode.
3. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the six calibration antennas at the top of the antenna form a circular array by taking a selected antenna array element A as a center, and twenty-four calibration antennas on six calibration rods around the antenna are in radiation distribution along the self-calibration differential transmission direction.
4. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: according to the installation position of the calibration antenna and the known position of the antenna array element A selected on the spherical array antenna, the spatial distances from the six calibration antennas at the top of the spherical array antenna to the antenna array element A are calculated, and further the spatial signal loss and the spatial phase delay at the calibration frequency point are calculated.
5. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 3, wherein: according to the amplitude/phase characteristics of six calibration links at the top of the spherical array calibrated by the calibrated antenna array element A, subtracting the amplitude/phase difference caused by the space distance from each calibration antenna to the calibrated antenna array element A to obtain six groups of amplitude/phase characteristic values: (P)11,θ11）、（P21,θ21）、（P31,θ31）（P41,θ41）、（P51,θ51）、（P61,θ61) Wherein P isi1Is the relative amplitude characteristic, θ, of the ith calibrated antenna link at the top of the antennai1Is the relative phase characteristic of the ith calibrated antenna chain at the top of the antenna, i =1 … 6.
6. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 5, wherein: after the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the six calibration links at the top of the antenna are calibrated, the remaining 24 calibration links on the six calibration rods around the spherical phased array antenna are subjected to self-calibration of the calibration links by adopting a differential transmission correction mode in six differential transmission directions.
7. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna array elements A, B, C, D, E are distributed according to the hemisphere of the spherical phased array antenna, the calibration antennas of the calibration links of every two adjacent antenna array elements are respectively numbered from 1# -5#, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of 24 calibration links on six poles distributed around the spherical phased array antenna are calibrated by utilizing a differential transmission calibration mode.
8. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before calibrating amplitude/phase characteristics of all channels, spherical phase control is obtained according to calibration by using a correction mode of differential transmissionThe relative amplitude/phase characteristics of 24 calibration links on six benchmarks are distributed around the array antenna, and the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the 1# calibration link at the top of the spherical array are calibrated by using the antenna array element A selected on the spherical array antenna: (P)11,θ11），P11，θ11And calibrating the self amplitude/phase characteristics of the link for 1# and adding the amplitude/phase characteristics introduced by the channel of the selected antenna array element A.
9. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 6, wherein: selecting an antenna array element B on a spherical array antenna between the 1# calibration link and the 2# calibration link, and marking out the amplitude difference delta P of the 2# calibration link relative to the 1# calibration link by using the antenna array element B21Phase difference Delta theta21The relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the 2# calibration link are: (P)12,θ12）=（P11+ΔP21,θ11+Δθ21) Wherein, P11 and θ 11 are the relative amplitude/phase characteristics of the 1# calibration link, and the same process is performed for the other 5 transmission directions.
10. The method of self-calibration of a spherical phased array antenna near field channel calibration link as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the twenty-four calibration links on the six poles around the antenna are subjected to differential transmission in sequence, and finally the relative amplitude/phase characteristics P of all 30 calibration links can be obtainedij,θijWherein i =1,2,3,4,5, 6; j =1,2,3,4,5, PijCalibrating the relative amplitude characteristic, θ, of the link for j #ijThe relative phase characteristics of the link are calibrated for j #.
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| CN104101786B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-07-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | The active multi-beam sphere phase array antenna pattern measurement system in full spatial domain |
| CN104535976A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Satellite alignment calibration method for phased array sensor |
| CN105445709B (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-11-17 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of thinning array near field passive location amplitude and phase error correction method |
| CN105606906B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-07-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of millimeter wave phased array test calibration method |
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