CN107713990A - A kind of thermoacoustic, optoacoustic, ultrasonic three mode tumor of breast detection means and method - Google Patents
A kind of thermoacoustic, optoacoustic, ultrasonic three mode tumor of breast detection means and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to thermoacoustic, optoacoustic, ultrasonic three mode tumor of breast detection means and method, its device to include pulse-series generator, microwave source, lasing light emitter, ultrasound emission source, coupler, detector, data acquisition module and image processing module；Tested tissue is placed in coupler, and microwave source, lasing light emitter, the energy in ultrasound emission source are radiated in coupler, and caused thermoacoustic, optoacoustic, ultrasonic signal are together received by a detector, then through data collecting module collected to image processing module；Image processing module carries out the reconstruction of thermoacoustic, optoacoustic, ultrasonoscopy using backprojection algorithm respectively, obtains three modalities, finally synthesis by three modalities superposition on the same image.The present invention concentrates on the advantage of respective single mode in set of system, can not only exclude the mistaken diagnosis to udder edema, inflammation and adenofibroma, and the accuracy rate of detection early-stage breast cancer can also be improved by the combination of many kinds of parameters index.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging, and particularly relates to a thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic breast tumor detection device and method.
Background
Currently, medical images are typically imaged using a single modality. The existing single-mode medical image has the limitations, such as thermoacoustic imaging, and can only provide information on deep lesion tissues and molecular level; photoacoustic imaging, which can only effectively image the structure and function of biological tissues, and provides an important method and means for the research on the structural morphology, the physiological and pathological characteristics, the function and the metabolism of the biological tissues; ultrasound imaging, which is only available on a histomorphological level, is hindered by gas and bone and has low tissue contrast. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
thermoacoustic imaging is a tomography technology for exciting thermoacoustic signals by irradiating biological tissues with pulsed microwaves, has the advantages of good image contrast of thermoacoustic imaging on different tissues and high resolution of ultrasonic imaging images, and is favorable for careful observation and analysis of tissue structures. Thermoacoustic imaging will become a new type of non-destructive inspection technology.
The basic principle of photoacoustic imaging is: short pulse laser irradiates biological tissues, laser energy is quickly absorbed by an absorber in the tissues to cause temperature rise, the tissues are heated to expand, and ultrasonic waves are generated, and the phenomenon is called photoacoustic effect. The ultrasonic waves are transmitted outwards through tissues and received by an ultrasonic detector arranged around the tissues, and light absorption distribution of different areas in the tissues under laser irradiation can be obtained by adopting different reconstruction algorithms according to different receiving modes, so that the absorption difference among different tissues is reflected, and the structural function and the pathological characteristics of the tissues are judged.
The ultrasonic imaging utilizes the difference of acoustic impedance and attenuation of different tissues to ultrasonic waves, obtains tissue structure information by receiving echo signals, can generate images in real time, can be made portable, has no side effect, and is low in inspection cost compared with other imaging technologies. However, the ultrasound image has low contrast and is not easy to detect early lesions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of breast tumor detection in the existing single-mode imaging, the invention provides a thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic breast tumor detection device and method, which are multi-mode imaging technologies integrating multiple imaging technologies, can simultaneously acquire diagnosis parameters based on multiple imaging contrast principles, and concentrate the advantages of respective single modes into a set of system, so that misdiagnosis of breast edema, inflammation and fibroadenoma can be eliminated, and the accuracy of early breast cancer detection can be improved by combining multiple parameter indexes.
The detection device is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection device comprises a pulse sequence generator, a microwave source, a laser source, an ultrasonic emission source, a coupler, a detector, a data acquisition module and an image processing module, wherein the pulse sequence generator is respectively connected with the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source, and the image processing module is connected with the data acquisition module; the tissue to be detected is placed in the coupler, and the pulse sequence generated by the pulse sequence generator alternately triggers the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source; energy of a microwave source, a laser source and an ultrasonic emission source is radiated into the coupler to generate thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and acoustic reflection effects respectively, thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signals are correspondingly generated and are received by the detector together, and the received data are acquired to the image processing module through the data acquisition module; the image processing module adopts a back projection algorithm to respectively reconstruct a thermoacoustic image, a photoacoustic image and an ultrasonic image to obtain thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode images, and finally the three-mode images are superposed and synthesized on the same image.
Preferably, the pulse sequence generator firstly triggers the ultrasonic emission source to emit ultrasonic waves to the coupler, the data acquisition card works, the electric signals acquired by the detector are transmitted into the data acquisition card, the acquired data are then guided into the image processing module, and the data acquisition card stops working;
after a period of time delay, the pulse sequence generator triggers the laser source to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is focused through the focusing lens and irradiates on the tested tissue to excite a photoacoustic signal, the photoacoustic signal is received by the detector after passing through the coupling liquid in the coupler, and the data acquisition card stops working;
after delaying a period of time, the pulse sequence generator triggers the microwave source to generate pulse microwaves and triggers the data acquisition card to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the coupler through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate thermoacoustic signals which are radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic wave is finally transmitted to the detector, converted into an electric signal on the detector and transmitted into the data acquisition card, and the acquired data is then led into the image processing module.
Preferably, the reconstruction algorithm of the thermoacoustic and photoacoustic image is as follows:
the reconstruction algorithm of the ultrasonic image is as follows:
wherein i and j are two-dimensional space coordinates of the reconstruction point; g k The time domain signal of a detector array element k is acquired by a data acquisition module; x is the number of k 、y k The two-dimensional space coordinate of a detector array element k is used as a basic parameter of the detector; c is the sound velocity, and N is the total number of detector array elements; p (i, j) is the reconstructed image pixel value.
Preferably, the detector is a multi-element annular array ultrasonic detector, the array element range is 16-512, the main frequency is 1-20MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 70%.
Preferably, the data acquisition module comprises a preamplifier, an A \ D converter and a data acquisition card which are connected in sequence, the preamplifier is connected with the detector, and the data acquisition card is connected with the image processing module.
The thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection method is based on the thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection device and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a detected tissue in a coupler;
s2, triggering an ultrasonic emission source to emit ultrasonic waves into the coupler by using a pulse sequence generator, and enabling a data acquisition module to work; transmitting the electric signal acquired by the detector into a data acquisition module, and then importing the acquired data into an image processing module, wherein the data acquisition module stops working;
s3, after delaying for a period of time, triggering a laser source to emit pulse laser by using a pulse sequence generator, focusing the pulse laser through a focusing lens, irradiating the pulse laser on a detected tissue, exciting a photoacoustic signal, receiving the photoacoustic signal by a detector after passing through coupling liquid in a coupler, and stopping the work of a data acquisition module;
s4, after delaying for a period of time, triggering a microwave source to generate pulse microwaves by using a pulse sequence generator, and triggering a data acquisition module to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the coupler through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate thermoacoustic signals which are radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic waves are finally transmitted to the detector, converted into electric signals on the detector and transmitted into the data acquisition module, and the acquired data are then guided into the image processing module;
s5, according to thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signal data led into the image processing module, the image processing module adopts a back projection algorithm to carry out image reconstruction processing to respectively obtain microwave thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode images;
and S6, superposing and combining the three-modality imaging on the same image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. thermoacoustic imaging has good spatial resolution and imaging contrast, and a non-ionizing radiation imaging mode has high safety; ultrasonic imaging is good for developing muscles and soft tissues, has special application for displaying an interface between a solid and a liquid, can display the structure of an organ, can generate an image in real time, and can be made portable without side effects. The breast tumor is detected by adopting three modes of thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic, so that misdiagnosis of breast edema, inflammation and fibroadenoma can be eliminated, and the accuracy of detecting early breast cancer can be improved by combining various parameter indexes.
2. The invention can obtain various physical parameters such as microwave absorption coefficient, electric dipole moment, light absorption coefficient, acoustic impedance and the like, and realizes the function and intensity imaging of lesion tumor tissues; the three-modality collaborative imaging mode based on the visual water composition (thermoacoustic imaging), the complementary visual lipid (photoacoustic imaging) and the morphological information (ultrasonic imaging) of the lesion is adopted, so that a set of unique and important imaging tool for early tumor diagnosis can be presented finally, and the three-modality collaborative imaging mode has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, has the capability of rapid imaging detection, and is convenient for industrialization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic breast tumor detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram for three-modality imaging of the present invention, wherein 2-1 is the system clock; 2-2 is triggered by a microwave source; 2-3, collecting thermoacoustic signals; 2-4 laser triggering; 2-5, photoacoustic signal acquisition; 2-6 is triggered by an ultrasonic transmitter; 2-7, collecting ultrasonic signals;
fig. 3 is complementary imaging of three modes of thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasound for detecting tested tissue, wherein a is a sample, b is a photoacoustic imaging image, c is a thermoacoustic imaging image, and d is an ultrasound imaging image.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the developed three-mode tumor detection device for the imaging detection of the breast tumor in the three modes of thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasound mainly comprises: the microwave source, the laser source, the ultrasonic emission source, the coupler, the detector, the data acquisition module, the pulse sequence generator and the image processing module, wherein the pulse sequence generator is respectively connected with the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source, the image processing module is connected with the data acquisition module, and the pulse sequence generator and the image processing module are arranged in the computer; the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source are triggered in an interlaced mode by a pulse sequence generated by the pulse sequence generator. The measured tissue is placed in the coupler, the energy of the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source is radiated into the coupler to generate thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and acoustic reflection effects respectively, thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signals are correspondingly generated and are received by the detector together, the received data are collected into an image processing module of the computer through the data collecting module, and the image processing module respectively establishes thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging to generate a multi-parameter structural image.
The coupler is used for placing a tested tissue, keeps constant temperature and pressure, is not easy to deform, resists corrosion and high temperature, is easy to clean and replace, and is filled with coupling liquid. The detector is a multi-element annular array ultrasonic detector, the array element range is 16-512, preferably 384; the primary frequency is 1-20MHz, preferably 10MHz, and the relative bandwidth is around 70%. The data acquisition module comprises a preamplifier, an A/D converter and a data acquisition card which are connected in sequence, wherein the preamplifier is connected with the detector, and the data acquisition card is connected with the computer. The data acquisition module adopts a data acquisition card with 12-bit resolution and a sampling rate of 50MS/s, and the sampling rate meets the acquisition requirement. The preamplifier uses a multi-channel (2-512 channels) system, preferably in accordance with the number of detector channels.
The microwave source, namely the microwave generator, adopts a BW-6000HPT high-power microwave generator, preferably an ultra-short high-power microwave generator, has the frequency of 6GHz, the pulse power of 80KW-300KW which can be continuously adjusted, the pulse width of 0.3 mu s-1.1 mu s and the repetition frequency of 50Hz-500Hz which can be adjusted, and has the characteristics of narrow pulse width, high power, small volume, light weight, convenient use and the like. The microwaves generated are narrow-pulse microwaves (< 2000 ns), preferably ultrashort-pulse microwaves (< 20 ns).
The laser source adopts the parameters as follows: pulse width 1-20ns, pulse repetition frequency: 1-1000Hz, wavelength: 500-1400nm, preferably 1206nm. Laser is uniformly irradiated to the surface of a tumor after being expanded by the lens and the hair glass to generate photoacoustic signals. The ultrasonic wave is mechanical wave, so the ultrasonic wave needs to be effectively transmitted by means of coupling liquid, and after being collected by a detector, an ultrasonic signal is firstly amplified by a preamplifier, then is subjected to A \ D conversion, is collected by a data acquisition card (the sampling rate of the data acquisition card is preferably 50 MHz), and is stored in a computer for subsequent image reconstruction.
The ultrasonic emission source adopts an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, the maximum number of supporting channels is 128, the number of basic image modes is 6, and the B-mode is selected as the image mode; the transmitting antenna is used for radiating high-power microwaves, is in the shape of a circular horn, has the caliber of 110mm and has the gain of 3dB. The ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device firstly transmits ultrasonic waves to the sample through the ultrasonic transducer, then receives electric signals collected by the ultrasonic transducer and transmits the electric signals to the data acquisition card. The number of channels adopted by the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is preferably consistent with the number of channels of the detector; the probe interface uses a linear array.
The thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic breast tumor detection device has the following action principle:
(1) The computer transmits a pulse sequence, as shown in fig. 2, a microwave generator is triggered to emit pulse microwaves, the pulse microwaves are uniformly irradiated onto a tissue to be detected (namely a breast to be detected) through a transmitting antenna, the breast to be detected absorbs microwave energy to cause instant temperature rise, the pulse width of the microwaves is narrow at the moment, the absorbed energy cannot be thermally diffused within the microwave pulse duration, the absorbed energy can be regarded as adiabatic expansion at the moment, a thermoacoustic effect is generated, and the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy to be radiated in an ultrasonic mode. The thermoacoustic signals reflect the microwave absorption difference information in the sample, each channel in the detector receives thermoacoustic signals at different positions of the same plane, the thermoacoustic signals of all the channels are converted into electric signals to be transmitted to a computer, and a complete image reflecting the microwave absorption difference of the mammary gland can be restored by a filtering back-projection method. After a period of delay, the pulse sequence transmitted by the computer triggers the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device to work.
(2) The working principle of the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device is as follows: the acoustic impedance of the breast normal tissue and the breast malignant tumor tissue is greatly different, incident waves can generate acoustic reflection on interfaces of different tissues, and the reflected acoustic waves are collected by a sensor of the detector and processed by an algorithm to form an image contrast distribution map of different tissues or organs. When the early breast cancer is detected, the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device transmits ultrasonic waves to the breast, the detector converts reflected sound waves into electric signals, the electric signals are transmitted to the data acquisition card for data processing, and then the electric signals are transmitted to the computer to display the pathological change image of the early breast cancer.
(3) The laser source emits pulse laser, the pulse laser is radiated to the tested tissue through the lens, the tested tissue absorbs the energy of the light beam to cause temperature rise, the temperature rise is expanded, the photoacoustic effect is generated, and the pulse laser is radiated in an ultrasonic mode. The detector (namely an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device) is used for receiving and transmitting ultrasonic signals, thermo-acoustic signals and photoacoustic signals, transmitting the ultrasonic signals to the data acquisition card for ultrasonic time domain signal acquisition, and transmitting the thermo-acoustic signals and the photoacoustic signals to the data acquisition card for thermo-acoustic and photoacoustic time domain signal acquisition after being processed by the amplifier; the computer processes images by utilizing a back projection algorithm according to thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic time domain signals collected by the data acquisition card to obtain microwave thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode images, obtains information parameters of various components of a tested tissue according to the obtained three-mode images, and finally superposes and synthesizes the three-mode images on the same image.
The image processing is that the thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic images adopt the same image reconstruction method, preferably a delay-superposition method, and the method has the advantages of simplicity and high processing speed, and is a time domain-based method. The reconstruction algorithm of the thermoacoustic and photoacoustic images comprises the following steps:
the reconstruction algorithm of the ultrasonic image is basically the same as that of thermoacoustic and photoacoustic images, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the above two formulas, i and j are two-dimensional space coordinates of the reconstruction point; g k The time domain signal of a detector array element k is acquired by a data acquisition card; x is the number of k 、y k The two-dimensional space coordinate of a detector array element k is used as a basic parameter of the detector; c is the sound velocity, and N is the total number of detector array elements; p (i, j) is the reconstructed image pixel value. The algorithm runs in a computer, preferably utilizes a labVIEW program, and can realize synchronous acquisition and operation.
In an image processing module of a computer, a group of images in three imaging modes can be sequentially finished at a certain time sequence, so that images in the three imaging modes in the same imaging area can be simultaneously acquired under the same set of data acquisition card without mutual interference. Then, the thermoacoustic imaging part of the image processing module extracts the information of main water components and polar molecules in the detected tissue; the photoacoustic imaging part extracts lipid component information in a tested sample; the ultrasonic imaging part extracts the acoustic impedance of the tested sample and reflects the morphological characteristics of the tested tissue. Finally, the image processing module represents the presented different information (water components, other polar molecules, nonpolar molecules, object forms and the like) by different colors, and the different information is superposed and synthesized on the same image, so that an information image (multi-parameter molecular image) which basically reflects most (99.5%) components in the tissue can be obtained, and early breast tumor screening is realized by multi-modal multi-parameter accurate diagnosis information.
The detection method is based on the thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection device, and comprises the following steps:
1. and starting each device, setting parameters and initializing.
2. The examiner guides the patient to be examined to place the breast in the examination area, i.e., the coupler.
3. Firstly, triggering an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device to transmit ultrasonic waves into a sample pool (namely a coupler) by utilizing a pulse sequence transmitted by a computer, and enabling a data acquisition card to work; and transmitting the electric signals acquired by the detector into the data acquisition card, and then importing the acquired data into the computer, and stopping the data acquisition card.
4. After a period of time delay (about 1-50 microseconds), a pulse sequence emitted by a computer is utilized to trigger a laser source to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is focused by a focusing lens and irradiates on a tissue to be detected to excite a photoacoustic signal, the photoacoustic signal is received by an ultrasonic transducer (namely a detector) after passing through coupling liquid in a coupler, and the data acquisition card stops working.
5. After a period of time delay (about 1-50 microseconds), triggering a microwave generator to generate pulse microwaves by using a pulse sequence transmitted by a computer, and triggering a data acquisition card to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the sample cell through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate thermoacoustic signals which are radiated in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic wave is finally transmitted to the detector, converted into an electric signal on the detector and transmitted into the data acquisition card, and the acquired data is then imported into the computer.
6. According to the thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signal data led into the computer, the computer adopts a back projection algorithm to carry out image reconstruction processing, and microwave thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode imaging is respectively obtained. The algorithms used for image reconstruction are shown in formulas (1) and (2).
7. Extracting information such as water components, other polar molecules, non-polar molecules, object forms and the like from the three-mode imaging, representing different information by different colors, and finally synthesizing the information on the same image.
8. Store data and shut down each device.
The adopted system time sequence control is shown in figure 2 and can be roughly divided into three parts, firstly, the control system triggers the ultra-short pulse microwave source, the ultra-short pulse microwave source starts to work and radiates a microwave pulse, meanwhile, the data acquisition module starts to receive data, according to the approximate size (the diameter is 5-15 cm) of a human breast, the time window for acquiring the thermoacoustic signals is approximately 33-100 mu s, and 50 mu s redundancy is added, namely 15 mu s, then, the control system triggers the image processing module of the computer, and the image processing module guides the thermoacoustic signal data acquired within 150 mu s into the computer. The photoacoustic and ultrasound portions can be triggered, acquired, and processed in the same manner. And finally, the computer respectively processes the imported data of the three modes by adopting a back projection algorithm.
This example is further illustrated below by the agar sample: FIG. 3 is complementary imaging of three modes of thermoacoustic imaging, photoacoustic imaging and ultrasonic imaging, wherein agar with the concentration of 3% is adopted, and then a hose filled with pure water and a hose filled with fat are respectively inserted into background agar to manufacture a sample to be tested, which is shown as a in FIG. 3; respectively, microwave thermoacoustic imaging, photoacoustic imaging and ultrasonic imaging are carried out, see b, c and d in fig. 3.
(1) Starting a laser source, outputting pulse laser with the wavelength of 1206nm, the pulse width of 10ns and the repetition frequency of 15Hz; the pulse laser is focused by an objective lens and then irradiates on an agar sample, the laser excites a photoacoustic signal, and the photoacoustic signal is received by an ultrasonic detector after passing through coupling liquid in a coupling groove; after receiving the photoacoustic signal, the ultrasonic detector amplifies the photoacoustic signal by the amplifier, transmits the photoacoustic signal to the oscilloscope for data acquisition, and transmits and stores the data into the computer; and after the complete signal is collected, the signal is led into a computer.
(2) Triggering a microwave generator to generate pulse microwaves by using a pulse sequence transmitted by a computer, and triggering a data acquisition card to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the sample cell through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate an ultrasonic signal; ultrasonic signals are transmitted to an ultrasonic transducer, converted into electric signals on the ultrasonic transducer (namely an ultrasonic detector), transmitted into a data acquisition card and then introduced into a computer, and the data acquisition card stops working.
(3) After a period of time delay, triggering an ultrasonic receiving and transmitting device to transmit ultrasonic waves into the sample pool, and enabling a data acquisition card to work; and transmitting the electric signal acquired by the ultrasonic transducer into a data acquisition card, and then leading the electric signal into a computer, wherein the data acquisition card stops working.
(4) And superposing the thermoacoustic imaging, the photoacoustic imaging and the ultrasonic imaging by using computer software.
(5) Store data and shut down each device.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection device is characterized by comprising a pulse sequence generator, a microwave source, a laser source, an ultrasonic emission source, a coupler, a detector, a data acquisition module and an image processing module, wherein the pulse sequence generator is respectively connected with the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source, and the image processing module is connected with the data acquisition module; the tissue to be detected is placed in the coupler, and the pulse sequence generated by the pulse sequence generator alternately triggers the microwave source, the laser source and the ultrasonic emission source; energy of a microwave source, a laser source and an ultrasonic emission source is radiated into the coupler to generate thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and acoustic reflection effects respectively, thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signals are correspondingly generated and are received by the detector together, and the received data are acquired to the image processing module through the data acquisition module; the image processing module adopts a back projection algorithm to respectively reconstruct a thermoacoustic image, a photoacoustic image and an ultrasonic image to obtain thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode images, and finally the three-mode images are superposed and synthesized on the same image.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pulse sequence generator first triggers an ultrasound emitting source to emit ultrasound waves to the coupler, the data acquisition card operates to transmit electrical signals acquired by the detector into the data acquisition card, the acquired data is then guided into the image processing module, and the data acquisition card stops operating;
after a period of time delay, the pulse sequence generator triggers the laser source to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is focused through the focusing lens and irradiates on the tissue to be detected to excite a photoacoustic signal, the photoacoustic signal passes through the coupling liquid in the coupler and then is received by the detector, and the data acquisition card stops working;
after delaying a period of time, the pulse sequence generator triggers the microwave source to generate pulse microwaves and triggers the data acquisition card to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the coupler through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate thermoacoustic signals which are radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic wave is finally transmitted to the detector, converted into an electric signal on the detector and transmitted into the data acquisition card, and the acquired data is then guided into the image processing module.
3. The thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic, ultrasound trimodal breast tumor detection apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the delay period is a delay of 1-50 microseconds.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reconstruction algorithm of the thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic, and ultrasound image is:
the reconstruction algorithm of the ultrasonic image is as follows:
wherein i and j are two-dimensional space coordinates of the reconstruction point; g k The time domain signal of a detector array element k is acquired by a data acquisition module; x is the number of k 、y k The two-dimensional space coordinate of a detector array element k is used as a basic parameter of the detector; c is the sound velocity, and N is the total number of detector array elements; p (i, j) is the reconstructed image pixel value.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector is a multi-element annular array ultrasound detector, the array elements range is 16-512, the dominant frequency is 1-20MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 70%.
6. The thermoacoustic, photoacoustic, ultrasound trimodal breast tumor detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detector is an ultrasound transducer.
7. The thermoacoustic, photoacoustic, ultrasound trimodal breast tumor detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pulse sequencer and image processing module are provided in a computer.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition module comprises a preamplifier, an A/D converter, and a data acquisition card, the preamplifier is connected to the detector, and the data acquisition card is connected to the image processing module.
9. The thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection method based on the thermo-acoustic, photo-acoustic and ultrasonic three-mode breast tumor detection device of claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing a detected tissue in a coupler;
s2, triggering an ultrasonic emission source to emit ultrasonic waves into the coupler by using a pulse sequence generator, and enabling a data acquisition module to work; transmitting the electric signal acquired by the detector into a data acquisition module, and then importing the acquired data into an image processing module, wherein the data acquisition module stops working;
s3, after delaying for a period of time, triggering a laser source to emit pulse laser by using a pulse sequence generator, focusing the pulse laser through a focusing lens, irradiating the pulse laser on a detected tissue, exciting a photoacoustic signal, receiving the photoacoustic signal by a detector after passing through coupling liquid in a coupler, and stopping the work of a data acquisition module;
s4, after delaying for a period of time, triggering a microwave source to generate pulse microwaves by using a pulse sequence generator, and triggering a data acquisition module to start working; the pulse microwave is transmitted to the coupler through the transmitting antenna, and is excited by utilizing the thermoacoustic effect to generate thermoacoustic signals which are radiated out in an ultrasonic mode; the ultrasonic waves are finally transmitted to the detector, converted into electric signals on the detector and transmitted into the data acquisition module, and the acquired data are then guided into the image processing module;
s5, according to thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic signal data led into the image processing module, the image processing module adopts a back projection algorithm to carry out image reconstruction processing to respectively obtain microwave thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasonic three-mode images;
and S6, superposing and combining the three-modality imaging on the same image.
10. The method for detecting the breast tumor in the three-modality of thermoacoustic, photoacoustic and ultrasound according to claim 9, wherein in the step S5 of image reconstruction processing, the reconstruction algorithm of the thermoacoustic and photoacoustic images is as follows:
the reconstruction algorithm of the ultrasonic image is as follows:
wherein i and j are two-dimensional space coordinates of the reconstruction point; g k The time domain signals of the detector array element k are acquired through a data acquisition module; x is the number of k 、y k The two-dimensional space coordinate of a detector array element k is used as a basic parameter of the detector; c is the sound velocity, and N is the total number of detector array elements; p (i, j) is the reconstructed image pixel value.
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