CN107682817B - Cross-road network position anonymizing method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics - Google Patents
Cross-road network position anonymizing method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/021—Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cross-road network position anonymizing method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics, which comprises the steps of firstly, extracting a road network according to the road distribution condition in a target area and dividing the road network to obtain a road network area; then, according to the actually required protection range and the road network region centroid position, constructing a position anonymity candidate set meeting the protection requirement; and finally, determining the road network region with anonymous position according to the quantity difference of the position points between the road network region to be protected and the road network region in the candidate set, the center-of-mass distance and other parameters, and performing position anonymization across the road network in a position exchange mode. According to the method, the road network regions are divided by using the road network, and position anonymity is carried out among different road network regions, so that an attacker can be prevented from acquiring user privacy by using background knowledge of the relationship between the position and the location; the invention carries out position anonymity by a position exchange mode, can maintain the statistic characteristics of the whole data not to change, and does not influence the usability of the data after privacy protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of information security, in particular to a privacy protection method for spatial position big data.
Background
With the development of technologies such as GPS and base station positioning, a mobile operator can acquire spatial location information of a large number of mobile users, and the location information can provide decision-making services for governments, enterprises and individuals through analysis and mining. However, the user is also at risk of leakage of personal sensitive information during the process of acquiring these services. Therefore, how to provide high-quality data analysis and decision service for users while protecting the privacy of the users is an important scientific problem which must be solved in the process of spatial data service.
Scholars at home and abroad have conducted many beneficial studies on location privacy protection, including: meyerowitz et al propose a CacheCloak system that can ensure the on-line anonymity of location data; zhang et al rasterize the location area into sensitive and non-sensitive areas, and when a mobile object enters the sensitive area, the location update is suppressed or postponed; the users in the anonymous group replace the real position with the density center of the group to realize the k-anonymous effect; shin et al, based on a polygon and clustering spatio-temporal mixed privacy protection mechanism, implement generalization of user locations, and assess the location anonymity level of users through probability k anonymity. However, the existing location privacy protection method cannot well meet the requirements of spatial data services, and particularly for large spatial location data, a new method needs to be provided to improve the anti-attack capability of privacy protection and the usability of data after privacy protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a cross-road network location anonymization method maintaining the statistical characteristics unchanged, so as to solve the above technical problems. Firstly, extracting a road network according to the road distribution condition in a target area and dividing the road network to obtain road network areas; then, according to the actually required protection range and the road network region centroid position, constructing a position anonymity candidate set meeting the protection requirement; and finally, determining the road network region with anonymous position according to the quantity difference of the position points between the road network region to be protected and the road network region in the candidate set, the center-of-mass distance and other parameters, and performing position anonymization across the road network in a position exchange mode.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cross-road network position anonymization method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics comprises the following steps:
A. extracting a road network to divide a target area into road network areas: according to the road distribution condition in the target area, extracting a road network to realize the division of the target area, and acquiring the number of position points and the position characteristics of the mass center of the road network area;
B. constructing a position anonymity candidate set meeting protection requirements: according to the actually required protection area range and the road network area centroid position, the road network areas meeting the conditions form a candidate set of the road network areas to be protected, and the number difference of non-anonymous position points and the centroid point distance parameter between the road network areas in the candidate set and the road network areas to be protected are calculated;
C. maintaining the anonymity of the cross-road network position with constant statistical characteristics: and according to the quantity difference of the position points and the distance of the center of mass points, determining a road network region with anonymous position in the candidate set, and performing cross-road network anonymity on the position points in the road network region to be protected in a position exchange mode.
Further, the step a specifically includes the following steps:
let the coordinates of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the target area G be (X)MIN,YMIN)、(XMAX,YMAX) Intercepting a map picture of the target area on the open API within the range, and obtaining a divided road network area R through color space transformation, corrosion, expansion, boundary extraction and inclusion relation judgment operations1、R2、…、Ri、…、RM;
Road network region RiContaining NiEach position point is respectivelyObtaining the road network region R through the following calculationiCenter of mass (X)i,Yi):
Wherein i is 1,2, … …, M.
Further, the step a specifically includes the following steps:
let the coordinates of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the target area G be (X)MIN,YMIN)、(XMAX,YMAX) Intercepting a target area map picture on the open API according to the range, and converting the target area map picture into an HSV color space; the Color value of the line representing the road is set as Color, and the upper bound of the Color range is set as Colormax={Hmax,Smax,VmaxAt the lower bound of Colormin={Hmin,Smin,Vmin}; setting HSV Color value of pixel point as ColorpixelH, s, v, if Colormin≤Colorpixel≤ColormaxThen colorpixel0, otherwise colorpixel1 is ═ 1; by color of all pixel pointspixelObtaining a binary image Figures;
Scanning binary image FiguresEach pixel of (1) is a 3 x 3 structural elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Partially performing an AND operation, if the operation result isIf the pixel of the result image is 1, otherwise, the pixel of the result image is 0, and the operations are repeated twice; scanning binary image FiguresEach pixel of (1) is a 3 x 3 structural elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Performing AND operation if the operation result isThen the pixel of the resulting image is 0, otherwise it is 1; the result image after two corrosion operations and one expansion operation is the road network map FigureR;
Road network image FigureRObtaining divided road network region R after boundary extraction operation1、R2、…、Ri、…、RMUsing a set of points (x)i1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) Indicates a road network region RiThe boundary of (2); for any location point (x, y), it and (x) are calculated separatelyi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) The space distance between them, and find the minimum space distance dminIf d isminPoint (x, y) belongs to road network region R when 0i(ii) a If d isminNot equal to 0, using (x, y) as the center of circle, dminCalculating (x, y) and (x) respectively for making Circle with radiusi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) The e intersections of the straight line and the Circle are set as o1、o2、o3……、oeBy the vector calculation formula ojoj+1=oj+1-oj(j ═ 1,2, … … e) to obtain the vector sumIf the vector sum is 0, the point (x, y) belongs to the road network region Ri;
Road network region RiContaining NiEach position point is respectivelyObtaining the road network region R through the following calculationiCenter of mass (X)i,Yi):
Wherein i is 1,2, … …, M.
Further, the step B specifically includes the following steps:
setting the actually needed side length of the protection area as d, and aiming at the road network area R to be protectediIf the road network region R ispCentroid of p ≠ i (X)p,Yp) Satisfies the conditionsAnd isThen R ispAdding RiCandidate switching set S (R) ofi) Namely:
Set up and wait to protect road network region RiAnd a certain network region R in the candidate setpThe number of the position points which are not anonymous is ni、np,RiAnd RpThe number difference of the non-anonymous position points is delta n (R)i,Rp) Distance between centroid points is D (R)i,Rp) Then, there are:
Δn(Ri,Rp)=|ni-np| (3)
further, the step C specifically includes the following steps:
all Δ n (R) are comparedi,Rp) Recording the road network region with the minimum difference of the number of the non-anonymous position points as RqIf the road network region with the minimum difference of the number of the non-anonymous position points is not unique, respectively calculating the centroid point and the R of the road network regioniSelecting the road network region with the minimum distance value as Rq;
If n isi≤nqThen from RqIn the random selection of niDot and RiAll of n iniThe points are interchanged and n isq=Δn(Ri,Rp) (ii) a If n isi>nqThen R isqAll points in and RiIn a randomly selected niThe random points are interchanged, and n isi=Δn(Ri,Rp)。
Further, repeating the step B and the step C until all the road network areas in the target area are processed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the road network regions are divided by using the road network, and position anonymity is carried out among different road network regions, so that an attacker can be prevented from acquiring user privacy by using background knowledge of the relationship between the position and the location; the invention carries out position anonymity by a position exchange mode, can maintain the statistic characteristics of the whole data not to change, and does not influence the usability of the data after privacy protection.
Detailed Description
The following is a more detailed description of the practice of the invention.
The invention discloses a cross-road network position anonymizing method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
step A, extracting a road network to divide a target area into road network areas: according to the road distribution condition in the target area, extracting the road network to realize the division of the target area, and acquiring the number of position points and the position characteristics of the centroid of the road network area.
Let the longitude and latitude of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the target area respectively be (X)MIN,YMIN)、(XMAX,YMAX) According to the actual application requirements (for example: the scale bar is 1: 1000) and intercepting the target area map picture above the open API in the range, and converting the target area map picture into an HSV color space. The Color value of the line representing the road is set as Color, and the upper bound of the Color range is set as Colormax={Hmax,Smax,VmaxAt the lower bound of Colormin={Hmin,Smin,Vmin}; setting HSV Color value of pixel point as ColorpixelH, s, v, if Colormin≤Colorpixel≤ColormaxThen colorpixel0, otherwise colorpixel1 is ═ 1; by color of all pixel pointspixelObtaining a binary image Figures。
Scanning binary image FiguresEach pixel of (1) is a 3 x 3 structural elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Partially performing an AND operation, if the operation result isThen the pixel of the resulting image is 1 and otherwise 0, repeating the above operations twice. Scanning binary image FiguresEach pixel of (1) is a 3 x 3 structural elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Performing AND operation if the operation result isThen the pixel of the resulting image is 0 and otherwise is 1. The result image after two corrosion operations and one expansion operation is the road network map FigureR。
Road network image FigureRObtaining divided road network region R after boundary extraction operation1、R2、…、Ri、…、RMUsing a set of points (x)i1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) Indicates a road network region RiThe boundary of (2). For any location point (x, y), it and (x) are calculated separatelyi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) The space distance between them, and find the minimum space distance dminIf d isminPoint (x) when equal to 0Y) belonging to the road network region Ri(ii) a If d isminNot equal to 0, using (x, y) as the center of circle, dminCalculating (x, y) and (x) respectively for making Circle with radiusi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),……(xie,yie) The e intersections of the straight line and the Circle are set as o1、o2、o3……、oeBy the vector calculation formula ojoj+1=oj+1-oj(j ═ 1,2, … … e) to obtain the vector sumIf the vector sum is 0, the point (x, y) belongs to the road network region Ri。
Road network region Ri(i-1, 2, … …, M) contains NiEach position point is respectively Obtaining the road network region R through the following calculationiCenter of mass (X)i,Yi):
B, constructing a position anonymous candidate set meeting the protection requirement: according to the actually required protection area range and the road network area centroid position, the road network areas meeting the conditions form a candidate set of the road network areas to be protected, and the position point number difference and the centroid point distance parameter which are not anonymous between the road network areas in the candidate set and the road network areas to be protected are calculated.
For road network region R to be protectediThe corresponding protection range is set as follows The protection area is a rectangular area formed by vertexes, wherein d is the side length of the protection area set according to actual needs. If the road network region Rp(p ≠ i) centroid (X)p,Yp) In the road network region RiWithin the corresponding protective range, i.e. (X)p,Yp) At the same time satisfyAndthen the road network region R is formedpAs RiAnd forming all the candidate exchange objects meeting the conditions into a road network region R to be protectediCandidate switching set S (R) ofi) Namely:
Set up and wait to protect road network region RiThe number of the position points which are not anonymous is niA certain network region R in the candidate switching setpThe number of the position points which are not anonymous is npThen n isiIs Ni,npIs Np(ii) a Set up and wait to protect road network region RiThe number of non-anonymous position points and a certain routing area R in the candidate exchange setpThe number difference of the non-anonymous position points is delta n (R)i,Rp) Then, there are:
Δn(Ri,Rp)=|ni-np| (3)
road network region R to be protectediPoint of mass center and a certain road network region R in the candidate exchange setpIs set as D (R)i,Rp) Then, there are:
step C, maintaining the anonymity of the cross-road network position with unchanged statistical characteristics: and according to the quantity difference of the position points and the distance of the center of mass points, determining a road network region with anonymous position in the candidate set, and performing cross-road network anonymity on the position in the road network region to be protected in a position exchange mode.
For candidate switching set S (R)i) All of R inpRespectively calculate them and the road network region R to be protectediΔ n (R) betweeni,Rp) And the number of non-anonymous position points is differenced by delta n (R)i,Rp) The area of the road network with the smallest value is marked as Rq(ii) a If the road network region with the minimum difference of the number of the non-anonymous position points is not unique, respectively calculating the centroid points and the R of the road network regionsiDistance D (R) between centroid points ofi,Rp) And will distance D (R)i,Rp) The area of the road network with the smallest value is marked as Rq(ii) a Road network region RqTo be protected with road network region RiAnd performing position exchange to finish anonymity.
For the road network region R to be protectediRoad network region RqIf n isi≤nqThen, the road network region R to be protected is describediCan be anonymized, i.e. from RqIn the random selection of niDot and RiAll of n iniThe points are exchanged in position, R after the exchangeiNumber n of non-anonymous location pointsi0, and road network region RqNumber n of non-anonymous location pointsq=Δn(Ri,Rq) (ii) a If n isi>nqThen, the road network region R to be protected is describediIf all the position points in the road network region R cannot be anonymizediIn the random selection of niIndividual position point and road network region RqExchanging positions of all points in the network, and exchanging back network area RiNumber n of non-anonymous location pointsi=Δn(Ri,Rp)。
And D, repeating the step B and the step C until all the road network areas in the target area are processed.
Claims (6)
1. A cross-road network position anonymizing method for maintaining constant statistical characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. extracting a road network to divide a target area into road network areas: according to the road distribution condition in the target area, extracting a road network to realize the division of the target area, and acquiring the number of position points and the position characteristics of the mass center of the road network area;
B. constructing a position anonymity candidate set meeting protection requirements: according to the actually required protection area range and the road network area centroid position, the road network areas meeting the conditions form a candidate set of the road network areas to be protected, and the number difference of non-anonymous position points and the centroid point distance parameter between the road network areas in the candidate set and the road network areas to be protected are calculated;
C. maintaining the anonymity of the cross-road network position with constant statistical characteristics: and according to the quantity difference of the position points and the distance of the center of mass points, determining a road network region with anonymous position in the candidate set, and performing cross-road network anonymity on the position points in the road network region to be protected in a position exchange mode.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a comprises the following steps:
let the coordinates of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the target area G be (X)MIN,YMIN)、(XMAX,YMAX) Intercepting a map picture of the target area on the open API within the range, and obtaining a divided road network area R through color space transformation, corrosion, expansion, boundary extraction and inclusion relation judgment operations1、R2、...、Ri、...、RM;
Road network region RiContaining NiEach position point is respectivelyObtaining the road network region R through the following calculationiCenter of mass (X)i,Yi):
Wherein, i is 1, 2.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein step a comprises the following steps:
let the coordinates of the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the target area G be (X)MIN,YMIN)、(XMAX,YMAX) Intercepting a target area map picture on the open API according to the range, and converting the target area map picture into an HSV color space; the Color value of the line representing the road is set as Color, and the upper bound of the Color range is set as Colormax={Hmax,Smax,VmaxAt the lower bound of Colormin={Hmin,Smin,Vmin}; setting HSV Color value of pixel point as ColorpixelH, s, v, if Colormin≤Colorpixel≤ColormaxThen colorpixel0, otherwise colorpixel1 is ═ 1; by color of all pixel pointspixelObtaining a binary image Figures;
Scanning binary image FiguresEach pixel of (1) is a 3 x 3 structural elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Partially performing an AND operation, if the operation result isIf the pixel of the result image is 1, otherwise, the pixel of the result image is 0, and the operations are repeated twice; scanning binary image FiguresEach of (1)A pixel, using a 3 × 3 structuring elementAnd its covered binary image FiguresIn (1)Performing AND operation if the operation result isThen the pixel of the resulting image is 0, otherwise it is 1; the result image after two corrosion operations and one expansion operation is the road network map FigureR;
Road network image FigureRObtaining divided road network region R after boundary extraction operation1、R2、...、Ri、...、RMUsing a set of points (x)i1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),......(xie,yie) Indicates a road network region RiThe boundary of (2); for any location point (x, y), it and (x) are calculated separatelyi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),......(xie,yie) The space distance between them, and find the minimum space distance dminIf d isminPoint (x, y) belongs to road network region R when 0i(ii) a If d isminNot equal to 0, using (x, y) as the center of circle, dminCalculating (x, y) and (x) respectively for making Circle with radiusi1,yi1),(xi2,yi2),(xi3,yi3),......(xie,yie) The e intersections of the straight line and the Circle are set as o1、o2、o3……、oeBy the vector calculation formula ojoj+1=oj+1-oj(j ═ 1, 2.... e) to obtain the vector sumIf the vector sum is 0, the point (x, y) belongs to the road network region Ri;
Road network region RiContaining NiEach position point is respectivelyObtaining the road network region R through the following calculationiCenter of mass (X)i,ri):
Wherein, i is 1, 2.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein step B comprises the following steps:
setting the actually needed side length of the protection area as d, and aiming at the road network area R to be protectediIf the road network region R ispCentroid of p ≠ i (X)p,Yp) Satisfies the conditionsAnd isThen R ispAdding RiCandidate switching set S (R) ofi) Namely:
set up and wait to protect road network region RiAnd a certain network region R in the candidate setpThe number of the position points which are not anonymous is ni、np,RiAnd RpThe number difference of the non-anonymous position points is delta n (R)i,Rp) Distance between centroid points is D (R)i,Rp) Then, there are:
Δn(Ri,Rp)=|ni-np| (3)
5. the method according to claim 4, wherein the step C comprises the following steps:
all Δ n (R) are comparedi,Rp) Recording the road network region with the minimum difference of the number of the non-anonymous position points as RqIf the road network region with the minimum difference of the number of the non-anonymous position points is not unique, respectively calculating the centroid point and the R of the road network regioniSelecting the road network region with the minimum distance value as Rq;
If n isi≤nqThen from RqIn the random selection of niDot and RiAll of n iniThe points are interchanged and n isq=Δn(Ri,Rq) (ii) a If n isi>nqThen R isqAll points in and RiIn a randomly selected nqThe random points are interchanged, and n isi=Δn(Ri,Rq)。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein steps B and C are repeated until all the areas of the network in the target area have been processed.
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