CN107624597A

CN107624597A - A kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology

Info

Publication number: CN107624597A
Application number: CN201711109390.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈培党
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-11-11
Filing date: 2017-11-11
Publication date: 2018-01-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology, its planting technology method is shaped to open planting ditch, seed selection sowing, intertillage management by selecting：1. applying with carrying litchi fertile, weeding when sprout is exposed, growth period fertilizer is applied, ridging, azophoska is applied, applies balance fertilizer, weak seedling is put on strong sprout；2. rationally pour water；3. final singling of earthing up；4. take excessive blade off；5. heat and moisture preserving vernalization, mulch film insulation is capped in good time；6. it is filled with enough ecological water into seedling stage；7. starting the mulch film increase quantity of illumination, promote budding germination；8. illumination is protected in water conservation insulation, it is long-term to promote sugarcane stem branch；9. column built lodging-prevention, anti-disaster caused by a windstorm；

Description

A kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit field, particularly a kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology.

Background technology

Gingko sugarcane category sugarcane, but sugarcane has point for squeezing sugarcane, fruit sugarcane, and point for having black fruit sugarcane, gingko sugarcane in fruit sugarcane, fruit sugarcane is A member in people's fruit, fruit sugarcane is fresh and sweet, crisp mouth refreshing, has heart clearing, lung moistening effect.The high crisp mouth of the sugar content of gingko sugarcane, sugariness is again It is better than black fruit sugarcane, first choice of people's food.The nutritive value of sugarcane is very high, and it contains, and moisture is relatively more, and moisture accounts for sugarcane 84%.Sugar Content in Sugarcane is the abundantest, sucrose, glucose and fructose therein, and content is up to 12%.In addition, through scientific analysis, sugarcane Other materials also containing needed by human body, such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron.In addition, sugarcane is also containing asparatate, paddy 16 kinds of amino acid for being advantageous to human body such as propylhomoserin, serine, alanine, and vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and dimension Raw plain C.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide one kind by holding weather conditions, fertilization rule, in good time row irrigation, open in time Thang-kng is shone, temperature and humidity control, a series of management means, reaches good harvest gingko sugarcane.

The present invention planting technology method be：

1）Select and open planting ditch shapedly：Planting ditch is wide 26 centimetres, and deep 18 centimetres, bottom of trench is straight, ground furrow both sides taper；

2）Seed selection sowing is in good time, and 60 days before and after year, thick sugarcane stem is wanted in seed selection, and the tip is thick, no disease and pests harm, and nothing injures skin seed bud section, With lime water logging 3 days, rational close planting, the sugarcane kind line-spacing under planting is at 110 centimetres, and it is 6 centimetres to plant lower depth, and duplicate rows is sowed to sky, Keep flat and plant bottom bud on the side, kind lower cover table soil；

3）Intertillage management：With carrying litchi fertile, weeding is applied when sprout is exposed, growth period fertilizer is applied, ridging, applies azophoska, apply balance Fertilizer, weak seedling is put on strong sprout；Rationally pour water；Ridging final singling；Take excessive blade off；Heat and moisture preserving vernalization, fit When be capped mulch film insulation；Ecological water is filled with enough into seedling stage；The mulch film increase quantity of illumination is started, promotees budding germination；Water conservation is protected Temperature protects illumination, and it is long-term to promote sugarcane stem branch；Column built lodging-prevention, anti-disaster caused by a windstorm；Receipts are cut in good time, are guaranteed both quality and quantity.

Fertilising dosage is unified medicament, unified time, sought unity of action, four unifications of unified dispenser, by growth period at times, Point dosage, split application, dispenser, row irrigation by stages, by stages blooming keep the sun off, rainwater, anti-disaster caused by a windstorm.

The present invention protrusion effect be：Scientific management, the rational use of medicines, in good time row irrigation, increase and decrease light irradiation apparatus, physics sooner or later Chemical bond lures worm deinsectization, and equipment saves, and labor intensity reduces, and small investment is quick, and income is high.

Embodiment

Here is highly preferred embodiment of the present invention：

First, the biological characteristics of gingko sugarcane：Gingko sugarcane is annual or perennial root Perenniporia martius herbaceous plant, belongs to C4 Crop.Gingko sugarcane is a kind of plant of specular removal, and light saturation point is high, and carbon dioxide compensation point is low, and light respiration rate is low, rate of photosynthisis Greatly, therefore biological yield is high, and income is big.Stalk is upright, and sturdy succulence, surface is often corroded by white powder worm.Leaf is alternate, and edge tool is small Sharp mouth shape, flower spike are compound raceme.Gingko sugarcane is happiness temperature, light crop, and annual accumution needs 5500 DEG C -8500 DEG C, frost-free period More than 330d, average annual air humidity 60%, annual precipitation require 800-1200mm, and sunshine time is more than 1195 hours.Gingko sugarcane It is preferable with clay loam, loam, sandy loam to the adaptability of soil than wide.For soil ph value 4.5~8.0, gingko sugarcane can Growth, but be suitable using soil ph value 6.5-7.5.

2nd, gingko sugarcane grows and weather conditions：The growth period of gingko sugarcane can be divided into rudiment, seedling, tiller, stem elongation And five periods of technical maturity.The speed of gingko sugarcane growth, the height of yield and sugar content number, have closely with weather conditions Relation, it is especially maximum with the influence of temperature and moisture condition.

1）Rudiment：The minimum temperature that sugarcane bud is sprouted requires daily mean temperature more than 15 DEG C, and more than 22 DEG C rudiments are accelerated, and 28 DEG C of germination optimums.The germination of gingko sugarcane requires soil temperature more than 18 DEG C, and being germinateed less than this temperature, slow, germination percentage is low, easily lacks Seedling.It is fast, the generally use presoaking and germinating that promotes to germinate in production, culturing and transplanting seedlings and the measures such as covering mulch film of sowing in good time.It is sweet The temperature of sugarcane root of hair is lower than germinateing, and general 8 DEG C of daily mean temperature starts to sprout, 28 DEG C of optimums.In sugarcane kind germination process, need Carry out vigorous respiration and produce the needs that energy supply is sprouted, if soil moisture is excessive, excess moisture, plantation is too deep, The blocked up growth that can all influence seedling root and bud of blinding.

2）Into seedling stage：Daily mean temperature is required more than 16 DEG C into seedling stage, and 80% or so with maxmun field capacity is Preferably, mainly meet ecological water, soil moisture it is excessive or it is very few all hinder root growth, it is unfavorable to seedling development.

3）Tillering stage：No matter temperature or soil temperature have obvious influence on tiller.Usual tillering stage requires daily mean temperature More than 22 DEG C, most appropriate with 28 DEG C, temperature is higher within this range, and tiller is more.The appropriate tiller of moisture is more, and tiller is fast, But excess moisture, cause defective aeration, can also influence tiller.Illumination power is to influence the principal element of tiller, in dim light Under, auxin is influenceed to destroy small by photooxidation, stem can be promoted to extend.Sunny tiller is more and strengthens, and otherwise tiller is few, tiller Late, growth is weak, and daily light application time is below 5 hours, general sugarcane strain not tiller.Nutrient abundance tiller is more, particularly nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer Tiller is influenceed maximum.In addition, shallow ridging, diligent intertillage, oxygen in soil is sufficient, can promote tiller.

4）Stem extends the phase：The sugarcane stem elongation phase is that gingko sugarcane grows most fast period in life, and determines cane yield Critical period.The sugarcane stem elongation phase requires high temperature and sufficient sunlight, moisture and nutrient, and the environmental condition without tropical cyclone. It is required that day flat sugarcane stem extends, phase equal 28 DEG C or so of temperature is most appropriate, and up to 38 DEG C still slightly extend, less than 18 DEG C, then with temperature It is slow to decline elongation, less than 16 DEG C stop elongation, and generally, more than 18 DEG C of temperature on average, gingko sugarcane could enter elongation Phase, 26 DEG C of mean of dekan temperature, gingko sugarcane could enter the big elongation phase, so temperature is high, the area of warm phase length, the growth of gingko sugarcane It hurry up, yield and sugar content are high.The sugarcane stem elongation phase is gingko sugarcane water requirement most period in life, accounts for gingko sugarcane all one's life and always needs The 50-60% of water, average daily 3-4 centimetres of water consumption, this period soil must keep the 80-90% of maxmun field capacity to be Preferably.Rainwater deficiency must irrigate in time, otherwise, if at this moment water shortage, growth retardation occur, and internode is short and small, and sugar reduces, so that Sugarcane yield and candy output all effected.Gentle breeze makes field ventilation good, favourable gingko sugarcane growth.But strong wind, typhoon are contained to elongation Endanger big after phase, often tear sugarcane leaf and fracture, sugarcane stem fractures lodging, therefore the yield of windward side is often below the production of lee face Amount.The gingko sugarcane elongation phase is also the period for needing fertilizer most, and the absorption of wherein nitrogen accounts for the 50% of whole growth period, and phosphorus, potassium account for 70% More than, so Early period of cane elongation answers heavy dressing fertile.

5）Technical maturity：It is that gradually accumulation reaches top, the period that sugarcane juice quality is optimal to gingko sugarcane Sucrose. Technical maturity requirement cools, and the weather of dry and sunny free of frost is favourable to gingko sucrose accumulation.Hot humid is advantageous to Gingko sugarcane grows, and is unfavorable for the accumulation of gingko Sucrose.According to the study:Daylight is strong, and humidity is high, and Low Night Temperature is felt nice and cool, phase Low to humidity, daily difference cools at 18 DEG C or so, dry climate, most favourable Sucrose accumulation, and sugarcane juice quality is also optimal.Institute With the high temperature in, gingko sugarcane maturity period, high humidity, the weather conditions such as the temperature difference is small, illumination is insufficient, it is unfavorable for the accumulation of sucrose.It is ripe Phase morning and evening it is relevant with kind, early seasonal strain sucrose accumulation is faster than seasonal strain.Gingko sugarcane is not low temperature resistant, 10 DEG C of daily mean temperature with Under stop growing, the lowest temperature will be aggrieved below 0 DEG C, and less than -3 DEG C have serious influence to yield and quality.

3rd, the regulation of fertilizer requirement of gingko sugarcane：Gingko sugarcane growth period is grown, and plant is tall and big, and yield is high.So in whole growth period In, dose number be one of the principal element for determining yield height.Because the fertilizer requirement of gingko sugarcane is big, fertilizer is in gingko sugarcane Occupy very big proportion in production cost, therefore, correctly grasp fertilizer practice, accomplish in good time, appropriate and full to greatest extent Sufficient gingko sugarcane has great significance to the needs of fertilizer.

1）The fertilizer requirement of gingko sugarcane：It was found that 1 ton of raw material sugarcane is often produced, it is necessary to absorb nitrogen from soil（n）1.5~2 Kilogram, 1~1.5 kilogram of phosphorus element (p2o5), 2~2.5 kilograms of potassium (k2o).

2）Absorption of the gingko sugarcane each breeding time to nutrient：Gingko sugarcane each breeding time trend total to Nutrient Absorption is seedling stage Few, tillering stage gradually increases, and elongation phase uptake is maximum, and the maturity period is reduced again.

3）Fertilization principle：According to gingko sugarcane in the need fertilizer feature of different growing, the fertilization principle made is：" heavy dressing Base manure, in good time topdressing at different stages ".If only spraying fertilizer, without basal dressing, then sugarcane easily grows up to：It is top-heavy, it is upper coarse and lower fine, Easily lodging.Otherwise a basal dressing, spraying fertilizer, then do not lack of staying power, formed " rat-tail sugarcane ", influence yield.

1. heavy dressing base manure：Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and a small amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are mainly made Base manure is applied, because absorption of the gingko sugarcane to phosphate fertilizer is mainly in the prometaphase.And mobility of the phosphate fertilizer in soil it is small, it is necessary to Just easily absorbed close to root.Absorption of the gingko sugarcane to potash fertilizer is also mainly in the prometaphase（Account for 80% or so）.And sugarcane strain exists The potassium that prometaphase absorbs was available for needed for the later stage.So potash fertilizer is preferably early applied, amount makees base manure applied once when few, when measuring more, by one Partly make base manure, second half is applied in tillering regularity or Early period of cane elongation.

2. topdressing at different stages.According to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of gingko sugarcane, the administration principle of top dressing can be summarized as that " three attack a benefit, two Gently, middle weight "." three attack " is exactly to attack seed manure, attack fetilizer for tillering, attack stem fertilizer." one mends " is exactly to add strong tail fertilizer the later stage." two is light " refers to Seedling stage, elongation later stage dose will be lacked, and it is more that " centre weight " refers to Early period of cane elongation dose.

4th, site preparation, open plant sugarcane ditch：

1）Site preparation：Site preparation is to provide a deep, loose, fertile soil condition for the growth of gingko sugarcane, fully to meet its root It is the needs of growth, so that root system preferably plays the effect for absorbing moisture, nutrient.Meanwhile site preparation can also reduce sugarcane field Disease, worm and weeds.Deep ploughing is the basis of volume increase.Gingko sugarcane well developed root system, deep ploughing are advantageous to the development of root system, make overground part mitogenetic Long fast, yield is high.Deep ploughing is a total principle and requirement.Specific deep ploughing degree must suit measures to local conditions, depending on the depth of former arable layer It is shallow, depending on soil property.Deep ploughing should not destroy original soil layer, and should be advisable with reference to fertilizer is increased.Early plough can make soil wind Change, build up fertility.So sugarcane field should be turned in time after preceding crop harvest.The early cultivated field for planting sugarcane after rice is more It is important.

2）Open plant sugarcane ditch：Opening plant sugarcane ditch makes gingko sugarcane kind be easy to fertilizing management to certain depth.The width of sugarcane ditch, depth Shallow to suit measures to local conditions, usually 18 cms are deep, and 26 centimetres of ditch bottom width, bottom of trench will be put down.

5th, base manure is used sufficient：Every mu with 1000-2000 kilograms of farm manure.Mixed 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 25 kilograms of urea, 20 kilograms or 15 kilograms potassium chloride stack rettings of potassium sulfate apply after 7-15 days plants sugarcane ditch.Or 10：10：10 NPK 50 is public Jin.

6th, sow：

1）Variety selection：High yield, improved seeds high-quality, disease-resistant, adaptability is good, in good taste are selected, sugarcane stem should be selected during seed selection Thick, uniform free from flaw, the sugarcane tip is sturdy, and the roomy viridescent of blade, the sugarcane tip of no disease pest is planted, and avoiding to select has the pest and disease damage sugarcane tip.

2）Seed soaking：Double sprouts from full, no disease and pests harm, without wound, soaked seed 3 days using clear water or 3% limewash, sugarcane can be improved Kind drought-resistant ability, also can reach the effect to destroy plant diseases and insect pests.

3）Rational close planting：Plant every 80 centimetres of sugarcane ditch and broadcast sugarcane kind 4, mu broadcasts double sprout sugarcane kinds 2800.Planting density is typically grasped In every 80 centimetre of 18 bud or so, ensure 5600 plants of mu productive tiller.

4）Wide row：The requirement of gingko sugarcane Planting Row Distance is advantageous to field management after ventilated, plant at 110 centimeters.

5）Shallow sowing：Sugarcane kind returns earth mulch kind depth typically in 6 cms.

6）Sow method：Sky is sowed using duplicate rows, sugarcane kind will lie in planting ditch, and bud first will to both sides when returning earth mulch kind After seedling is gently pressed into soil, then soil covering, compacting are returned, with sharp root of hair..

7）Sowing time：The gingko sugarcane plant time rests in September then does not have sugarcane kind, mistake to March next year, time too early Evening influences yield and quality.

7th, intertillage management

1）Fertilising：1. carry seed manure：Combine first time weeding after emergence to carry out, mu 16 kilograms of urea of fertilising.

2. growth period applies fertilizer：Field growth period combines ridging every time, and every mu is applied 80 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 8 kilograms.3. apply foliar fertilizer and balance fertilizer in good time.Growth period sprays compound, efficient, polynary, ecological organic foliar fertilizer depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings 250 times of " Rong great Feng " liquid 5 times；6% carbon ammonium water is frequently poured weak seedling after final singling in root.

2）Rationally pour water：Fruit sugarcane water requirement is big, it should be noted that and pour water in time, but flood should be avoided to irrigate, advocate light-water and irrigate, Soil dry-wet is kept, based on moistening.

3）Ridging final singling：It should typically earth up every year 5 times, per minor tick 28 days or so.In combination with ridging, in good time final singling, Every meter is kept a full stand of seedings 9 plants.

4）Start to shell leaf after the strain elongation of stripping bract sugarcane, shell 5, leaf every time, stripping leaf excessively influences plant strain growth, and stripping leaf is too late When influence upper powder.

8th, Pest organism rat plague control：Fruit sugarcane disease mainly has pineapple disease, top rot and smut and leaf withers disease, worm Evil mainly has sugarcane borer and woolly aphid, rouge and powder a red-spotted lizard, sugarcane tortoise etc.." cultural control, biological control, physics should be taken on control strategy The comprehensive preventive health measures that preventing and treating, chemical prevention " is combined.

1）Cultural control：The major measure of cultural control is rational deployment and regular crop rotation, standardized planting, selects no disease pest Seedling, rural area is cleaned, enhanced field management, with 2% lime water seed and seedling disinfection 8 hours during sowing, promote sugarcane strain robust growth, Strengthen resistance, suppress the generation of pest and disease damage.

2）Biological control：Biological control is natural enemy such as trichogramma, red ant, ladybug, mantis, the dragonfly using insect Etc. controlling the occurrence and development of insect.Measure, to the general character of high poison persistent pesticide resistance difference, should push away according to insect, beneficial insect The biological pesticide of wide low toxicity and low residue, is avoided or reduced the injury to pest natural enemy-beneficial insect, reach the purpose that worm is controlled with worm.

3）Physical control：Physical control is mainly the phototaxis using adult, and adult is trapped and killed by the light wave of setting.At present Installation " good more board frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamps " trapping effect on probation is more satisfactory, under normal weather condition, turns on light every night 12 small When, every lamp can trap and kill sugarcane borer adult 550, sugarcane tortoise 350 and other various pests.General every 40 mu or so sugarcane neoasozin dress One, lamp bracket is higher by 25 centimeters or so of crop and can lifted.

4）Chemical prevention：Even if chemical prevention is using agricultural chemicals, in order to reach control effect rapidly and efficiently, it is necessary to catch hair Raw peak period, accomplish four unifications of " unified medicament, unified time, seek unity of action, unified dispenser ".

1st, sugarcane borer prevents and treats：1. plantation when mu with 5 kilograms of Dyfonates or 5 kilograms ground worms kill or 5 kilogram-meter Le Er granules and Apply and broadcast in ditch after base fertilizer mixing, blinding of then sowing, combine ridging same amount and fertilizer mixing deep placement every time later；② With cutter connect root sled when a small amount of withered heart seedling occurs in seedling stage and remove concentration and burn, the middle and later periods finds to be pierced from channel with sharp knife during a small amount of moth stem Enter to kill larva or liquid medicine is directly injected into gallery with syringe.3. large area is sprayed.Medicament will make an accurate selection of, and must pay attention to long-acting agriculture Medicine and quick-acting pestsides synthesis, 95 kilograms of mu medication water, emphasis are sprayed at lobus cardiacus, leaf sheath bifurcation mouth and channel.Recommend pesticide species For 1000 times of 5% Frontline or 900 times of 900 times of 98% Padan's original powder or 10% Folithion etc., it is used alternatingly, appropriate mixture time, agriculture Ground is happy, hundred trees, die an net, gram aphid snout moth's larva, speed death and slaughter, phoxim etc..

2nd, woolly aphid, rouge and powder aphid, the preventing and treating of sugarcane tortoise：Typically simultaneous them can be controlled when preventing and treating sugarcane borer, if but occurring to use when leakage is controlled Specially agricultural chemicals is controlled choose controlling.Woolly aphid 3000 times of 1800 times of 35% Aphox or 15% imidacloprid；Rouge and powder aphid slaughters 3000 with 30% speed Times or 800 times of 30% chlopyrifos；Sugarcane tortoise 900 times of 70% octyl sulfate or 2,4%0,000 500 times of spirit.

3rd, disease control：With 600 times of 75% Bravo or 800 times of 700 times of 70% thiophanate methyl or 50% carbendazim or 70% 600 times of sprayings of zineb, even spray more than 5 times, are spaced 12 days.It can mix and spray with insecticide.

4th, prevention and control of weeds：1. chemical weed control before rudiment：Before sugarcane seedling is not unearthed after plantation, the mu milli of 40% Atrazine 30 Rise and add sub- 250 milliliters of code Tianjin, be watered 45 kilograms and spray.2. artificial weeding：Weeding is carried out with reference to intertillage fertilising, ridging.

5th, rat plague control：With 7/10000ths diphacinone-Na poison grain, the raticide of disabling the street sale, the pollution to environment is reduced With the murder by poisoning of people and animals.

9th, receipts are cut in good time：Gingko sugarcane full growth period is 260 days or so, i.e., through the growth period of more than 260 days from after emergence It can be only achieved abundant maturation, it is yield highest, best in quality, it is otherwise too early all to influence yield and quality late excessively.

Claims

1. a kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology, it is characterised in that its planting technology method is：

3）Intertillage management：With carrying litchi fertile, weeding is applied when sprout is exposed, growth period fertilizer is applied, ridging, applies azophoska, apply balance Fertilizer, weak seedling is put on strong sprout；Rationally pour water；Ridging final singling；Take excessive blade off；Heat and moisture preserving vernalization, in good time It is capped mulch film insulation；Ecological water is filled with enough into seedling stage；The mulch film increase quantity of illumination is started, promotees budding germination；Water conservation insulation is protected Illumination, it is long-term to promote sugarcane stem branch；Column built lodging-prevention, anti-disaster caused by a windstorm；Receipts are cut in good time, are guaranteed both quality and quantity.

2. according to a kind of gingko sugarcane high-yield planting technology described in claim 1, it is characterised in that fertilising dosage unifies medicament, system One time, seek unity of action, four unifications of unified dispenser, by growth period at times, divide dosage, split application, dispenser, arrange by stages Pour water, by stages blooming keep the sun off, rainwater, anti-disaster caused by a windstorm.